chapter8CulturalinfluencesonContextsSectionOne大学英语跨文化交际教学课件
大学跨文化英语综合教程IUnit8ConsideringCulturalDiversity语言点
Text A1.Many individuals are likely to have been exposed to only one culture. — It is highly possible that many people have only experienced one culture.be likely to: indicate the chance that sth. will happen 有可能e.g. Do remind me of the meeting because I am likely to forget. Tickets are likely to be expensive.expose vt. let sb. fnd out about sth. by giving them experience of it or showing them what it is like使接触，使体验e.g. Some children were never exposed to classical music.We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.2.... use the framework of our own culture to interpret events. — ... give meaning to events in other cultures based on what we have learned in our culture.framework n. a set of beliefs, ideas or rules that is used as the basis for making judgements, decisions, etc.观点，准则e.g. We may not agree on all the specifics of a common framework.The report provides a framework for further research.interpret vt. explain the meaning of sth.解释，阐释e.g. The old man is good at interpreting the meaning of dreams.The students were asked to interpret the poem.3.broaden one,s perspective: open one,s mind, enrich one,s thoughts 开阔某人的视野e.g. The novel is written to broaden a child's perspective.Traveling to a new country can broaden our perspective.4.... you will get an idea of life that is very different from the one you get from thinking about Europeans or North Americans. —... you will learn that ordinary life in Asia and Africa arevery different from that in Europe or North America.5.attribute n. quality, feature 属性，特征e.g. What attributes should a good manager possess?Both men possess the attributes we want in a political leader.6.Face-to-face conflict is usually avoided by not saying something unpleasant. —People in this village prefer not to say anything unpleasant to avoid arguments or fights. conflict n. a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument 冲突e.g. The violence was the result of political and ethnic conflicts.She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.7.additional a. more than was first mentioned or is usual 额外的e.g. Additionalinformation can be obtained from the center.The government is providing an additional £25 million to expand the service.8.disturbed a. very anxious or unhappy about sth. 心烦意乱的e.g. He seems verydisturbed about his work lately.I was deeply disturbed and depressed by the news.9.put sb. on the spot: put sb. in a difficult and embarrassing situation 使某人处于尴尬境地e.g. If this picture appears in the paper tomorrow, he,ll be put on the spot.That question about his marital status really put him on the spot.10.... conflict is usually followed by one of the people leaving the scene without explanation, confrontation, or argument. 一 ... if disagreement occurs, one of the people will choose to leave without bothering to explain, face or argue with each other. confrontation n. a situation in which there is an angry disagreement between people or groups who have different opinions冲突，对峙e.g. The issue has caused great tension between the two countries and could lead to a military confrontation.She wanted to avoid another confrontation with her father.11.As a result, many families dissolved with little ceremon y 一 This resulted in many families falling apart quickly and casually.as a result: therefore 结果，因此e.g. He had made good preparations for the competition. As a result, he won the first prize.Workers were not supportive of the new leader. As a result, a strike took place. dissolve vi. officially end 解散，结束e.g. Half an hour later, the party began to dissolve.All of these will dissolve into nothingness.12.Throughout the world, religion governs the lives of many people. 一 All over the world, religion plays a dominant role in many people,s lives and controls the way they live their lives.govern vt. control or influence the way that sth. happens, functions, etc.控制，支配e.g. The universe is governed by the laws of physics.Prices are very much governed by market demand.13.However, the extent to which this is true varies enormously from culture to culture. 一 The degree that religion can influence many people,s lives is different from one culture to another.vary from ... to ...: different from one another 各不相同e.g. In this company, salary scales vary from one position to another.The cost of a hotel room varies from season to season.14.frequently ad. happening very often频繁地，屡次地e.g. Buses run frequently between the city and the airport.Limestone （石灰石）was frequently used as a building material.15.discharge vt. release force or power 放（电）e.g. It can,t discharge electricity if it,s not connected properly.Lightning is caused by clouds discharging electricity.16.spiritual a. relating to the spirit rather than to the body or physical things 精神的e.g. Painting helps fill a spiritual need for beauty.We're concerned about your spiritual welfare.17.Illness is not considered a major problem; instead it is viewed as a spiritual event.——When people fall ill, they tend to think that their soul need to be cleansed rather than there is something wrong with their body.18.Traditional healing is widely used in Africa than is modern medicine and the obvious question is “why?”. —In Africa, traditional medical treatments are preferredover modern medicine, and the question that readers would most likely ask is why. healing n. the process of becoming or making sb./sth. healthy again治疗，康复e.g. Dogs were also associated with healing in the ancient world.This can promote the healing of the wound.19.derive ... from: develop or obtain sth. from sth. else 源于，从 .. 中获得e.g. This word is derived from Latin.He derived great pleasure from painting.20.inhabit vt. live in a particular place居住在，栖居于e.g. The woods are inhabited by many wild animals.I have no idea what sort of people inhabit the area.21.It thus is up to a traditional healer, who has the abilit y to “control” the spirits.—It is the responsibility of the person good at using traditional healing methods to make the spirits feel at ease.be up to: be the responsibility of sb., be decided by取决于……的，须由……决定的e.g. It is up to the manager to make the final decision whether to fire him or not.When you cut the grass is up to you.22.Do not look down on these healers; they are by no means ineffective — Do not take these healers lightly, because the methods they use are effective.by no means: definitely not 并不，绝不e.g. By no means will she go out with him.I will by no means trust a guy like him.ineffective a. not having any effect 无效果的e.g. The chemical was almost totally ineffective in killing the weeds.Various drugs have proved ineffective against the virus.23.award vt. officially give sb. a prize or money to reward them for sth. they havedone颁奖e.g. The judge awarded me the first prize.A Nobel Prize was awarded to Walksman in 1952.24.extensive a. covering a wide range of details, ideas, or items广泛的，全面的e.g.Extensive research has been done into this disease.His knowledge of music is extensive.25.classify vt. decide which group sb. or sth. belongs to 将.. 分类，将... 归类e.g. In law, beer is classified as a food product.Families are classified according to the father,s occupation.26.systematic a. done according to a system or plan, in a thorough, efficient ordetermined way 系统的e.g. They went about their business in a systematic way.There is a systematic approach to solving the problem.27.African healers learn about plant attributes and uses from their teachers, whoin turn learned from traditions developed over 1,000 years of trial and error.— African traditional healers learn about the qualities, features and uses of plants from their teachers; whereas their teachers learned about these from traditionsachieved through over 1,000 years of repeated experimentstrial and error: a way of achieving an aim or solving a problem by trying a number of different methods and learning from the mistakes 反复试验e.g. It requires a process of trial and error before a new drug goes into production.She feels that raising her children has been a matter of trial and error.28.occasional a. happening or doing sth. sometimes but not ofen 偶然的e.g. He made occasional visits to London.He works for us on an occasional basis.29.acquire vt. gain sth. by your own efforts, ability or behavior得到，获得e.g. He spentyears acquiring his skills as a surgeon.Elsie has acquired a good knowledge of Chinese after studying in this university for half a year.Text B1.diverse a. very different from each other and of various kinds不同的，多种多样的e.g. There is a diverse range of opinions on the issue.Linguistics embraces a diverse range of subjects such as phonetics and stylistics. 2.dominate vt. control or have a lot of influence over sb./sth.支配，控制e.g. He refuses to let others speak and dominates every meeting.They work as a group — no one is allowed to dominate.3.modify vt. make small changes to sth. in order to improve it and make it more suitable or effective 修改e.g. The club members agreed to modify their recruitment policy.The software we use has been modified for us.4.at length: in detail 详尽地e.g. I plan to revisit this topic at length in the next few articles.She talked at length about the problem.5.English copes with concepts such as contract deadlines and stock futures (Zulu doesn't)b ut our language is seen as poverty-stricken and inadequately descriptive by Africans and Amerindians whose languages abound in finely wrought, beautifully logical descriptions of nature, causation, repetition, duration, and result. — In English, we have developed a rich vocabulary for modern business, which the language of Zulu lacks. However, in the eyes of the Africans and Amerindians, compared to their languages, English seems to be poorer in vocabulary and does not provide enough words for daily use. Their languages can give detailed description about nature, about causes and effects, about events that happen from time to time, about time, and about outcomes.cope with: deal with 处理，应对e.g. He can cope with the present situation.To cope with these data, hospitals bought large mainframe computers. descriptive a. giving a description of sth. 描述的e.g. General data is analyzed by descriptive analysis.The essay begins with a richly descriptive introductory chapter.abound vi. be present in large numbers or in great quantity富裕，充满e.g. Mistakes abound on every page.Apples abound here all the year round.6.persist vi. continue to do sth., although other people oppose it 坚持e.g. If he persists in asking awkward questions, then send him to the boss.The government is persisting with its ambitious public works programme.7.retreat vi. move away from sb./sth.后退e.g. Attacks by enemy aircrafts forced the tanks to retreat from the city.When she came towards me shouting, I retreated behind my desk.8.indicate vt. show that sth. exists or is true 表明e.g. Please indicate which free gif you would like to receive.Our survey indicates that one in four children is bullied at school.9.vibrate vi. shake quickly and continuously with very small movements摆动，震动e.g. The whole station seemed to vibrate as the express train rushed through.His voice vibrated with anger.10.•・• he got to 39 without even raising a s—eat it did not take him much effort to com e up with 39 words of “green” in Zulu.11.evident a. easy to see, notice, or understand 显然的，明显的e.g. It is evident that he is not equal to the job.It has now become evident to us that a mistake has been made.12.adopt vt. start to use a particular method or show a particular attitude towards sb./sth.采用，采取e.g. It was a most fruitful discussion, with both sides agreeing to adopt a common policy.Since our research has not produced any answers to this problem so far, we need to adopt a different approach to it.13.Just as seeing with two eyes gives us stereoscopic vision, and a sense of depth, thinking in two different languages gives us added dimensions of reality. — Using two eyes together enables us to see the world in three dimensions (i.e., width, length and depth). Similarly, being able to speak more than one language also broadens our mind with different world views.14.striking a. unusual or interesting enough to be easily noticed 显著的，不同寻常的e.g. The most striking feature of those statistics is the high proportion of suicides.We observe a striking shift away from a labor theory among all mainline economists.15.observable a. capable of being seen or noticed看得见的，观察得到的e.g. Mars is too faint and too low in the sky to be observable.Judgment is based on observable phenomena and uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices.16.primitive a. belonging to a very simple society with no industry, etc. 原始的e.g. Primitive humans needed to be able to react like this to escape from dangerous animals.It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.17.be awake to understand a situation and its possible effects注意到，意识到e.g. A pilot must be awake to changes in the weather.You need to be fully awake to the danger of leaving your belongingsunattended while traveling alone.18.reverse opposite to what is usual or to what has just been stated 相反的e.g. Thewrong attitude will have exactly the reverse effect.Can you say the alphabet in reverse order?。
跨文化交际-黑龙江大学-崔常亮老师-chapter 8 (2)
Biomedical Approach
• People are thought to be controlled by biochemical forces
Family and Gender Roles in the Health Care Context
The health care system in the United States typically focuses solely on the individual patient. In Latin America, competent treatment for patiens may require the involvement and agreement of other family members.
The Educational Context
The Health Care Context
Culture's Influence
Management
Business Etiquette Norms
Culture's Influence
Culture's Influence
Role Behaviors of Students and Teachers Classroom Participation Turn Taking
CONCLUSIONS:
• There is a big difference between teaching and learning. • The teacher needs to understand how the learner learns and what the learner learns. • Language learning requires raising cultural awareness. • Learning a target language requires a positive attitude towards the target culture.
Cultural Influences on Contexts
Firstly you can gain valuable insight into a culture by studying its perception and approach to education.
韩国学校强调道德教育。 老师在学习领域上承担领导地位并且家长认为老师有责任管教他们的孩子。
（Elements valued） Group solidarity and conformity are both goals of the Korean educational system. Students take all their classes together and all students wear badges and uniforms.
（Authority of teachers） Korean schools emphasized moral education. Teachers are expected to assume leadership in these areas and parents hold teachers responsible for disciplining their children.
Part3
Different education between Korea ，Japan and Mexico
The relationship between culture, education and schools
I t w i l l form different cultures in different regions, and in addition to achieving cultural heritage from d a l i y life, the more important form is education.
跨文化交际第七章
Thank You!
1.2 Value Conflicts in the Workplace
Cultures differ in people's value orientations, and these differences sometimes cause conflict in the workplace. Religious practices Human rights
1.1 The Importance of Diversity in Advertising
Example: Nordstrom (诺德斯特龙百货公司) At the beginning, it presents persons of color as models in their catalogs. Now, over one-third of the models display diverse characteristics. It also features persons with disabilities in their advetisements. It pays particular attention to its multicultural market and creats a special boutique of women's clothing in petite sizes .
Value conflicts
Language problems The rapid increase of women Racial and ethnic discrimination
1.2 Value Conflicts in the Workplace
跨文化chapter8
Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts
3.Management in Germany
In Germany, the manager is not a cultural hero. In fact, Germans do not have a very strong concept of management.
Chapter 8 Cultural Influences in the Contexts
Learning objectives :
Chapter 11Global Social Customs and Business Etiquette
Lead-in case: How Do Students Learn?
Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context
TEXT B The Business Context
Culture’s Influence on the Business Context Management Business Etiquette Norms
Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context
Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts
The Date for Business
In Saudi Arabia, no business is conducted during Aid-al-Fitr—the three-day festival of breaking fast at the end of the month of Ramadan—and Aid-al-Adha—the three-day feast of sacrifice. In Japan, business is not conducted during New Year’s holidays, Golden Week (April 29 to May 5), and Obon (in mid-August), because many people travel to the graves of their ancestors. In Israel, the Jewish holy day, the Sabbath begins at sunset on Friday and ends at sunset on Saturday.
怎样才能赢在未来英语作文
To excel in the future and succeed in English composition,one must adopt a strategic approach that encompasses various aspects of language learning and personal development.Here are several key steps to consider:1.Master the Basics:A strong foundation in grammar,vocabulary,and sentence structure is essential.Regular practice and review of these fundamentals will help you construct clear and coherent sentences.2.Expand Your Vocabulary:Continuously learn new words and idiomatic expressions. This will enrich your writing and allow you to express complex ideas more effectively.3.Read Widely:Exposure to a variety of texts,including literature,newspapers,and academic articles,will help you understand different writing styles and improve your comprehension skills.4.Practice Writing Regularly:Writing practice is crucial for improvement.Set aside time each day to write essays,summaries,or even journal entries to refine your skills.5.Learn from Feedback:Seek constructive criticism from teachers,peers,or online e this feedback to identify areas for improvement and work on them diligently.6.Understand Cultural Contexts:English is a global language with diverse cultural influences.Understanding these contexts can help you write more culturally sensitive and relevant compositions.7.Develop Critical Thinking:Good essays often require more than just language skills they require the ability to think critically and present wellreasoned arguments.e Technology:Utilize language learning apps,online courses,and writing tools to enhance your learning experience and receive instant feedback.9.Participate in Englishspeaking Communities:Engaging in conversations,forums,or social media groups where English is the primary language can improve your fluency and understanding of colloquialisms.10.Set Personal Goals:Define what success looks like for you in terms of English composition.Whether its writing a perfect essay,achieving a high score on an exam,or simply feeling more confident in your writing,having clear goals can motivate you to work harder.11.Stay Updated with Language Trends:Language is dynamic,and staying current with new words,phrases,and usage can make your writing more contemporary and engaging.12.Experiment with Different Genres:Trying your hand at different types of writing, such as descriptive,narrative,persuasive,and expository,can help you become a more versatile writer.13.Cultivate Creativity:Dont be afraid to express your unique voice and ideas.Creativity can set your writing apart and make it more memorable.14.Manage Time Effectively:Learning to manage your time well will allow you to dedicate enough time to each aspect of your English composition preparation.15.Stay Motivated:Keep your end goal in sight and remind yourself why you want to excel in English composition.This motivation can help you push through challenges and maintain a positive attitude towards learning.By integrating these strategies into your learning routine,you will be well on your way to winning in the future of English composition.Remember,success in language learning is a journey that requires patience,persistence,and a commitment to continuous improvement.。
仁爱版英语八下知识树
Relationship
This is a very important word in the field of love, which refers to the emotional connection and interaction between people It is the basis of love and marriage
Vocabulary
02
Expand vocabulary and understand different means and uses of words
Grammar
03
Master the basic grammar rules and presence patterns, and understand the functions and uses of different parts of speech
Figure
Read classic English novels, short stories, and other literary works to improve reading comprehension and language expression
Magazine
Read English language magazines, such as Time, Newsweek, The Economist, to improve reading comprehension and expand vocabulary
工作总结
Report
单击此处添加文本
Reading comprehension
单击此处添加文本
Vocabulary and Grammar
Cultural Influences on Context
• Although reading, writing and mathematics are emphasized, oral language is not.
• Prestige in Japan is determined almost entirely by education. • the Japanese have a correspondingly high regard for educators. • As they are esteemed as role models, they arior at all times.
• •
1. private schools called juku 2. Japanese parents view education as the single most important factor in their children’s future success.
Education in Mexico
• correct conduct, gender-role expectations, respect and so on
Educational differences
• Most cultures that have formal educational systems teach much the same content---reading, mathematics, writing, and so forth---but educational differences can be found in what a culture emphasizes and how the content is taught.
• Group solidarity and conformity are both goals of the Korean educational system. • students take all their classes together and all students wear badges and uniforms.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2 Management
“Management” can be viewed differently from culture to culture. 1. Management In China 2. Management in the United States 3. Management in Germany 4. Management in Japan 5. Management in France 6. Management in Mexico and Latin
2.3 Management in Germany
• The manager is not a cultural hero.
• In fact, Germans do not have a very strong concept of management.
• Apprenticeship （学徒） system
2.2 Management in the United States
• In the United States, the manager is a cultural hero. • the definition of manager by Hofstede • dominant managerial values：
The Health Care Context
Culture's Influence
Management
Business Etiquette Norms
Culture's Influence
Role Behaviors of Students and Teachers
Classroom Participation
America
2.1 Management in China
• Chinese business values emphasize kinship(血缘关系）, interpersonal connections, respect for elders, and hierarchy.
• “the Iron Rice Bowl” • “guanxi”
TEXT A Communication and Context
Communication is influenced by external environment: all human interaction is influenced to some degree by the social, physical, and cultural settings in which it occurs. This is known as the communication context.
★ Communication is rule governed
People expect culturally determined patterns of behavior or rules to govern their interactions.
The rules differ depending on the context, cover both verbal and nonverbal behaviors, and determine not only what should be said but how it should be said.
Three basic assumptions about human communication: ➢ Communication is rule governed ➢ Contexts specify the appropriate rules ➢ Rules are cultural diverse
2. What suggestions can you give to Karen about how to teach Chinese students well?
3. What kind of cultural phenomenon can be reflected in the case above?
Although cultures have many of the same social settings or contexts, they may employ different rules.
Different cultures, different rules.
Concepts of dress, time, language, manners, nonverbal behavior, and control of the communication flow can differ significantly among cultures.
achievement and success belief in hard work pragmatism（实用主义） optimism, Puritanism（清教徒主义） rationality（合理性） impersonality in interpersonal work relationships（客观冷 静） equality of opportunity acceptance of competition individualism
• Culture’s Influence on the Business Context
• Management • Business Etiquette Norms
PRE-TASK:
COMPARE THESE 2 OPINIONS ABOUT MANAGERS
“Managers should be
2.5 Management in France
• Managers act in very superior roles.
1 Culture’s Influence on the Business Context
Business negotiation is intertwined紧密相连 with cultural
exchange. This really is due to globalization, which is a result of growth in U.S. and foreign multinational industries since the 1960s.
Chapter 8 Cultural influences on Contexts
Section One
Idioms
Live together like brothers and do business like strangers.
—Arab Proverb
Learning objectives :
Turn Taking
Culture's Influence
Family
and
Gender Roles
Conversational Structures and Language
Lead-in case: How Do Students Learn?
1. Do you often behave the same way in class as the students in the case? Why?
• value “groupism, harmony, acceptance of hierarchy in work relationships, sense of obligation, debt of lower level personnel to superiors, and consensual decision making共同决策.”
Three Assumptions about
Communication
Communication is rule governed
Contexts specify the
appropriate rules
Rules are culturally diverse
TEXT B The Business Context
In this chapter, students will learn how to: • perceive the relationship between context and
communication. • Describe different views towards various
contexts in different cultures. • Understand the management concept and
An employment interview “sir” “madam” suits shake hands
a basketball game “Tom”
jeans or shorts & T-shirts hug one’s friends, slap them on the back
★ Contexts specify the appropriate rules
conversational structures of health care context.
Chapter Outline
Cultural Influences on Contexts
Communication and Context
The Busiucational Context
• Strong sense of profession and pride in work, a tendency toward an authoritarian leadership style
2.4 Management in Japan
• the Japanese do not share a strong sense of management.