河海大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
河海大学博士研究生入学考试大纲(英语)答案
河海大学博士研究生入学考试大纲（英语）答案样题：21-30 BDBCA DABBB 31-40 DCCAB DAACA41-50 BDACA CDBAC 51-60 ABCDA ABADC（一）21-30 babca caabc 31-40 caadd cdcab 41-50 ccaab aaadb 51-60 aabac abccb 61.C that I made 62.C not63.D wide 64.D with details to be worked out 65.B kept to66-70 DABCB 71-75 CBADB76-80 AADCC 81-85 BDBAB86-90 ABDAB 91-95 CABBA（二）21-30 ababb babba 31-40 acdba cdccd 41-50 baadd bbbdc 51-60 dccca dacbb 61.C has an interesting 62.C having caused63.D are 64.C recognized 65.B but 66-70 CBADA 71-75 DCABC 76-80 DCCBC 81-85 AABCB 86-90 CBDCA 91-95 BBCDA（三）21-30 cbbaa acdcb 31-40 abddd cdbbc 41-50 caabd dcbad 51-60 cdacd bdbac 61. B that 62.D that63.C to have never 64.B of which65.D no66-70 ABABD 71-75 BDABA76-80 ACDCD 81-85 ACDCC86-90 CABBC 91-95 ABDBC（四）21-30 addac bdabd 31-40 bbcca acbda 41-50 bcccd bcbca 51-60 bbcbd abcdb 61. C to be passed over 62.A so many63.C we 64.B to attain65.B are66-70 CABCD 71-75 CCADD76-80 ADCAC 81-85 BBDDA86-90 BDACD 91-95 BCACA（五）21-30 dbabc dcaca 31-40 acbcb acbba 41-50 accda bbcab 51-60 abcda bcdba 61. D did n’t fasten 62.C depend on63. A Ulike 64.D think it is65.B quite some time66-70 ABCAD 71-75 DCBDA76-80 CBDCD 81-85 AACDD86-90 CDABB 91-95 AADBC（六）21-30 cacba abcbd 31-40 bbdcb dcbbb 41-50 cbadd bacdd 51-60 bacab bcdcb61.C no such a thing like 62.C described as63. A when去掉64.D have65.C those of the nature ones66-70 DCBBB 71-75 AACDD76-80 DCBDA 81-85 ACBBD86-90 DCCBC 91-95 CDCAA（七）21-30 babab acaaa 31-40 abbdd dcbcd 41-50 ddcbd abaac 51-60 aadcc bcaca 61.B (should) be 62.B choose63. C looked like 64.C at greatly reduced65.C them66-70 BABBC 71-75 CDAAB76-80 BDDCD 81-85 CDABC86-90 DAABB 91-95 ACBAB（八）21-30 bccdb dbadc 31-40 aacbb dadcd 41-50 dabbc bdadb 51-60 acbad cbcdd 61.A As they are saddened by 62.D it was63. B should we 64.B using65.A while66-70 ACBCB 71-75 DCADB76-80 BAADA 81-85 CBBBA86-90 CDADC 91-95 BCAAB。
2023考博英语模拟82(考卷附答案)
2012考博英语模拟82（考卷）一、阅读理解（每题2分，共40分）Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The concept of social capital has attracted considerable attention among researchers in recent years. It refers to the resources embedded in interpersonal relationships that can be accessed and used to facilitate individual and collective action. Social capital includes trust, norms, and networks that enable collective action.1. According to the passage, social capital is primarily concerned with ______.A. individual actionB. collective actionC. interpersonal relationshipsD. resources allocationA. TrustB. NormsC. NetworksD. Individual effortPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing the world today. Scientists agree that human activities are contributing to the warming of the Earth's atmosphere, leading to a wide range of impacts, from rising sea levels to more extreme weather events.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The causes of climate changeB. The impacts of climate changeC. The solutions to climate changeD. The debate on climate change7. According to the passage, which of the following is a consequence of climate change?A. Increased rainfallB. Decreased sea levelsC. More extreme weather eventsD. Reduced human activitiesSection BDirections: In this section, there are three short passages followed questions or unfinished statements, eachwith three suggested answers marked A, B and C. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 3Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage:11. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of the InternetB. The challenges of the InternetC. The history of the Internet12. Which of the following is a challenge mentioned in the passage?A. Access to informationB. CommunicationC. Privacy issuesPassage 4Questions 14 to 16 are based on the following passage:14. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The history ofB. The applications ofC. The ethical concerns of15. Which of the following is an application of mentioned in the passage?A. Selfdriving carsB. Virtual assistantsC. Both A and BSection CDirections: In this section, there is one passage followed five questions or unfinished statements. For each question or statement, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 5Questions 17 to 21 are based on the following passage:Education is a lifelong process that begins from infancy and continues throughout one's life. It plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' knowledge, skills, and values. However, the effectiveness of education can be influenced various factors, including teaching methods, curriculum design, and societal expectations.17. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of educationB. The factors influencing educationC. The history of education18. Which of the following is a factor that influences education?A. Teaching methodsB. Curriculum designC. Societal expectationsD. All of the above二、完型填空（每题1分，共20分）Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets. You do not need to change the word given. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.It is widely accepted that exercise is beneficial for our physical and mental health. Regular exercise can (22) ______ (reduce) the risk of various diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Moreover, exercise can improve our mood and (23) ______ (relieve) stress.一、阅读理解Section A1. B2. D3. C4. A5. D6. B7. C8. A9. D10. BSection B11. B12. C13. A14. B15. CSection C17. B18. D19. A20. C21. B二、完型填空22. reduce23. relieve24. going25. swimming1. 阅读理解理解文章主旨和大意推断作者观点和态度识别事实和观点理解文章结构和逻辑关系词汇理解和运用示例：Passage 1涉及社会学的概念，考察学生对社会资本的理解。
河海大学研究生英语教程解析(完整版)(考试重点课文翻译)
河海大学研究生英语教程解析(完整版)(考试重点课文翻译)只针对期末考试重点课文的翻译。
Unit 1 Ghosts for Tea “十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道。
“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。
请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。
” 要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。
峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。
海面上几艘游艇张着乳白色的风帆优雅地避开浪头蜿蜓前进。
山崖下面，一群海鸥相互叫唤着，在海面上盘旋飞翔。
离岸一英里处，在海浪贪婪地吮舔着的岩岸上，那座古老的灯塔矗立在一座石头平台上。
说实话，我毫不吝惜那几个钱。
当我把望远镜转朝灯塔时，站在我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。
“您听过在那座灯塔里发生的一起骇人听闻的惨案吗?”他压低了嗓声对我说。
“我想这个地方看起来非常富有戏剧性，有关它的传说一定不少，”我说。
“这可不是传说，”那老头郑重其事地说。
“我父亲认识那起惨案的两个当事人。
一切都发生在50年前的今天。
让我说给您听听吧。
” 他的声音似乎变得更低沉、更富有戏剧性了。
“整整一个礼拜，风暴困住了那座灯塔，”他开始说。
“咆啸的大海波涛汹涌，海浪拍打着岩石，轰然作响。
岸上的人们十分担心在那儿工作的两个人。
他们俩是多年的挚友，但在两三个礼拜前，他们在乡村酒店里玩牌时吵了一架。
马丁指责布莱克打牌时耍赖，布莱克则发誓要对侮辱他人格的不实之辞进行报复。
多亏一位他们俩都尊敬的人好言相劝，他们才互相道了歉，并以乎很快地结束了他们之间的不快。
不过各自心里还有些怨恨。
因此，人们担心长时间与世隔绝所造成的极度紧张和恶劣的天气会使他们俩神经过敏，尽管两人的朋友们不消说还根本没意识到后果会有多么严重。
” “离今50年前的那个晚上，灯塔上没有出现灯光，直到凌晨两点钟左右才有一束灯光突然发出警告信号。
“第二天早上，灯光依然可见。
风暴已经平息了，人们派出一条救生船前去查看情况。
医学博士外语模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
医学博士外语模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PartⅢCloze 6. PartⅣReading Comprehension 7. PartⅤWritingSection A听力原文：W: How is Bill? I heard that he’ s got his ankle hurt severely. M: Well, that jolly fellow is in good shape now.Q: What do we learn about Bill from this conversation?1．A．He has hurt his uncle severely.B．He benefits a lot from doing exercises.C．He is very happy to have a better figure now.D．He is in good health now.正确答案：D解析：文中指出Bill脚踝受伤了，但现在已经in good shape即“处于良好的健康状况”，故D项正确。
听力原文：M: What kind of father am I? My only son almost died and I didn’ t even know he was ill.W: Don’ t blame yourself. You are too busy to pay attention to him. If his mother were still alive, things would have been much better. Q: Why does the man blame himself?2．A．His only son is dying.B．His mother died some years ago.C．He didn’ t look after his sick wife.D．He hasn’ t taken good care of his son.正确答案：D解析：从男子的话“I didn’t even know he was ill”可以看出他为没有照看好儿子而自责，故D项正确。
考博英语模拟试卷134(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷134(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Structure and V ocabulary 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation 6. WritingReading ComprehensionThe opposite of adaptive divergence is an interesting and fairly common expression of evolution. Whereas related groups of organisms take on widely different characters in becoming adapted to unlike environments in the case of adaptive divergence. We find that Unrelated groups of organisms exhibit adaptive convergence when they spot similar modes of life or become suited for special sorts of environments. For example, invertebrate marine animals living firmly attached to the sea bottom or to some foreign object tend to develop a sub- cylindrical or conical form. This is illustrated by coral individuals, by many sponges, and even by the diminutive tubes of bryozoans. Adaptive convergence in taking this coral-like form is shown by some brachiopods and pelecypods that grew in fixed position. More readily appreciated is the streamlined fitness of most fishes for moving swiftly through water; they have no neck, the contour of the body is smoothly curved so as to give minimum resistance, and the chief propelling organ is a powerful tail fin. The fact that some fossil reptiles (ichthyosaurs) and modem mammals (whales, dolphins) are wholly fishlike in form is an expression of adaptive convergence, for these air-breathing reptiles and mammals, which are highly efficient swimmers, are not closely related to fishes. Unrelated or distantly related organisms that develop similarity of form are sometimes designated as homeomorphs (having same form).1．Organisms that could be classified as homeomorphs are ______.A．whale and dolphinB．halibut and whaleC．ichthyosaurs and dolphinsD．invertebrate marine animals and vertebrate marine animals正确答案：B解析：能归到同形态动物的生物体是大比目鱼和鲸鱼。
河海大学考博英语题型分析
2015河海大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。
攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、河海大学考博英语题型初试的笔试科目为外国语(听力测试在复试中进行)、政治理论和两门业务课，其中英语试题构成一般为词汇结构10%，填空及改错10%，阅读40%，写作和翻译40%。
三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。
四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。
如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。
不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。
考博英语模拟试卷226(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷226(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．He was a brilliant musician as a boy, but he never______his early promise.A．completedB．performedC．concludedD．fulfilled正确答案：D解析：本题测试动词与promise的搭配。
只有fulfill与promise搭配表示“实现诺言”。
知识模块：词汇2．Hydrogeology is the study of water and its properties, including its ______ and movement in and through land areas.A．flowB．absorptionC．distributionD．evaporation正确答案：C解析：本题空格处是说包括它的分布和运动。
C项distribution“分布”符合题意。
其他三项flow“流动”，absorption“吸收”，evaporation“蒸发”都不正确。
知识模块：词汇3．Because a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of______love.A．extravagantB．prominentC．prescientD．eternal正确答案：D解析：本题空格处是说结婚戒指是永恒爱情的象征。
D项eternal“永恒的”符合题意，如：Eternal life to the revolutionary martyrs!(革命先烈永垂不朽!)其他三项extravagant“奢侈的，浪费的”，prominent“卓越的，显著的”，prescient“预见的，先知的”都不正确。
考博英语模拟试卷63(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷63(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionAt no time in history has there been such a mass movement of people from countryside to city as is happening now. By the year 2030, it’ s estimated that more than two thirds of the word’s population will be living in cities, twice as many as today. This means that the problems faced by cities to day-overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty, and lack of food water--will be twice as had in the next century, unless we find solutions soon. Another serious issue is how to provide good transport to their citizens. Many world’s major cities are already struggling with out-of-date transport infrastructures. How can they deal with the additional demands in the 21stcentury? London is a good example. It was the world’ s first big city--the first with a population of a mil lion people. Its enlargement was made possible by the invention of the steam engine, which powered the world’s first underground railway. But its transport systems are now hopelessly out-of-date, and need urgent modernization. London’s future success depends very much on transport. Over a million people travel into central London every day from outside the city. They, and the people who live in London, want a public transport system that is fragment, safe and environmentally friendly. What they often get, however, falls far short of that ideal. Commuters complain about disorder, cost and pollution, while businesses worry about the problems their staff have in getting to work on time. Yet, the proportion of London households that own a car grew from just over 10 per cent in the early 1950s to over 60 percent today. As the city has become increasingly crowded and polluted, there has been a growing realization that action is needed.1．It is believed that ______.A．overpopulation causes the problems in citiesB．two-thirds of the world’ s population are living in cities todayC．it isn’ t difficult to solve the problems faced by cities todayD．with fewer people, we would be free from any problems正确答案：A解析：第一段提到2030年估计世界多于2/3的人口将会居住在城市，这意味着the problems faced by cities today．．．will be twice as had in the next century，unless we find solutions soon，可见是人口过度导致城市面临诸多问题。
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河海大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
SectionⅠUse of English
Directions：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)from each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) As former colonists of Great Britain，the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain.We have a“common law”，or law made by courts__1__a monarch or other central governmental__2__like a legislature.The jury，a__3__of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case，is an__4__part of our common-law e of juries to decide cases is a__5__feature of the American legal system.Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States.__6__the centuries，many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi result__7__would be obtained using a judge__8__，as many countries do.__9__a jury decides cases after“__10__”，or discussions among a group of people，the jury‘s decision is likely to have the__11__from many different people from different backgrounds，who must as a group decide what is right.Juries are used in both civil cases，which decide__12__ among__13__citizens，and criminal cases，which decide cases brought by the government__14__that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S.citizens and__15__.Jurors，
consisting of__16__numbers，are called for each case requiring a jury.The judge__17__to the case__18__the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case.In some states，__19__jurors are questioned by the judge;in others，they are questioned by the lawyers representing the__20__under rules dictated by state law.
1.[A]other than[B]rather than[C]more than[D]or rather
2.[A]agency[B]organization[C]institution[D]authority
3.[A]panel[B]crew[C]band[D]flock
4.[A]innate[B]intact[C]integral[D]integrated
5.[A]discriminating[B]distinguishing[C]determining[D] diminishing
6.[A]in[B]by[C]after[D]over
7.[A]that[B]which[C]than[D]as
8.[A]alike[B]alone[C]altogether[D]apart
9.[A]Although[B]Because[C]If[D]While
10.[A]deliberations[B]meditations[C]reflections[D] speculations
11.[A]outline[B]outcome[C]input[D]intake
12.[A]arguments[B]controversies[C]disputes[D]hostilities
13.[A]fellow[B]individual[C]personal[D]private
14.[A]asserting[B]alleging[C]maintaining[D]testifying
15.[A]assembled[B]evoked[C]rallied[D]summoned
16.[A]set[B]exact[C]given[D]placed
17.[A]allocated[B]allotted[C]appointed[D]assigned
18.[A]administers[B]manages[C]oversees[D]presides
19.[A]inspective[B]irrespective[C]perspective[D] prospective
20.[A]bodies[B]parties[C]sides[D]
units答案：1.B2.D3.A4.C5.B6.D7.C8.B9.B10.A11. C12.C13.D14.B15.D16.A17.D18.C19.D20.B
总体分析本文介绍了美国的陪审团制度。
第一段指出，陪审团是美国共同法系统的基本组成部分。
第二段分析了使用陪审团的原因。
第三和四段分别介绍了陪审团的类型和选举程序。
全文翻译美国的建国之父们作为大英帝国的前殖民者沿袭了其法律系统。
我们有“共同法”，即由法庭而非君主或其他像立法机关这样的中央政府权利机关制定的法律。
陪审团由一群选来裁决案件的普通公民组成，是我们共同法系统基本的组成部分。
使用陪审团裁决案件是美国法律系统的一个显着特征。
在世界上很少有其他国家和美国一样使用陪审团。
几个世纪以来，许多人已经相信在大多数情况下陪审团比许多国家那样单独使用一位法官达成的结果更公平、公正。
因为陪审团裁决案件是在一群人“审议”或讨论后，因此他们的决定可能受到不同背景的不同人的影响，这些人必须作为一个团体来决定什么是正确的。
陪审团既被用在裁决普通公民之间纠纷的民事案件中，也用在裁决政府提出讼诉声称个人犯罪的刑事案件中。
陪审团成员从美国公民中选出并被传唤。
由固定人数组成的陪审团在每一个需要陪审团的案件中都会被召唤。
被指派负责案件的法官监督陪审团成员的选举。
在一些州，未来的陪审团成员由法官询问，而在另一些州，他们遵照州法律规定的法规接受代表各
方当事人的律师的询问。
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。