英语议论文的例证方法
分析英语作文论证方法
分析英语作文论证方法In English academic writing, there are various methods for constructing arguments in essays. These methods serve to persuade the reader of the validity of your claims and the strength of your reasoning. Here, I'll discuss some common techniques used in English essay writing for effective argumentation.1. Thesis Statement: A thesis statement is a concise summary of the main point or claim of the essay. It usually appears at the end of the introduction paragraph and provides a roadmap for the reader to understand the argument that will be developed in the essay.2. Evidence and Examples: Providing evidence to support your argument is crucial for convincing the reader of its validity. This evidence can take various forms, including statistics, research findings, expert opinions, and examples from real life or literature. Effective use of evidence helps to strengthen the argument and make it morepersuasive.3. Reasoning and Logic: Clear and logical reasoning is essential for constructing a compelling argument. This involves presenting a series of premises that lead to a conclusion. Logical reasoning helps to establish thevalidity of the argument and convince the reader of its soundness.4. Counterarguments and Rebuttals: Acknowledging and addressing counterarguments demonstrates that you have considered alternative viewpoints and strengthens your argument by refuting opposing claims. This can be done by presenting counterarguments and then providing evidence or reasoning to refute them, thereby reinforcing the original argument.5. Structuring the Essay: Organizing the essay in a coherent and logical manner is important for effectively presenting the argument. This typically involves dividing the essay into introduction, body paragraphs (each focusing on a specific aspect of the argument), and conclusion. Eachparagraph should have a clear topic sentence that relates back to the thesis statement.6. Use of Persuasive Language: Choosing language that is clear, concise, and persuasive helps to engage the reader and convey the strength of your argument. This includes using rhetorical devices such as ethos (appeal to credibility), pathos (appeal to emotions), and logos (appeal to logic) to persuade the reader.7. Concluding Remarks: In the conclusion paragraph, restate the thesis statement and summarize the main points of the argument. This helps to reinforce the argument and leave a lasting impression on the reader.Overall, effective argumentation in English essay writing involves clearly articulating your main point, supporting it with evidence and reasoning, addressing counterarguments, and organizing the essay in a logical and persuasive manner. By mastering these techniques, you can construct compelling arguments that persuade your readers of the validity of your claims.。
英语议论文中常见的论证方法
英语议论文中常见的论证方法高级阅读议论文中常见的论证方法及对应考点综合能力部：吕永华? 1. 例证2. 数据论证3. 比较对比论证4. 引证5. 喻证1，例证法Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing pr ofessor, calls “the revengeful consumer.” ……The graceless El Al Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “Y ou can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.The example of El A1 Airlines shows that ________.A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprisesB) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficultyC) a good slogan has great potential for improving serviceD) staff retraining is essential for better service．2. 数据论证That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Theirmethods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old3. 比较与对比论证The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing.It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater4. 引证How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self doubt has yielded to blind pride. "American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States."The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed tothe ________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] restructuring of industry[C] improved business management[D] success in education5. 喻证In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after thehorses have escaped —with the educated themselves riding on them.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ________.[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition。
英语作文的论证方式
英语作文的论证方式英文回答：Argumentative Writing Strategies.In argumentative essays, the writer presents a claim and provides evidence to support it. The goal is to persuade the reader to agree with the writer's position. There are various argumentative writing strategies, including:1. Logos (Logical Reasoning)。
Uses facts, statistics, and logical reasoning to support the claim.Presents evidence from credible sources.Establishes cause-and-effect relationships.2. Ethos (Ethical Appeal)。
Establishes the writer's credibility and trustworthiness.Uses personal experiences or examples to connect with the reader.Cites experts or authorities to support the claim.3. Pathos (Emotional Appeal)。
Appeals to the reader's emotions to persuade them.Uses vivid language, imagery, and anecdotes to create an emotional connection.Evokes empathy or fear to influence the reader's thinking.4. Kairos (Timeliness)。
英语议论文论证方法（范本）
英语议论文论证方法英语议论文论证方法篇一：分析雅思议论文的论证方法分析雅思议论文的论证方法朗阁海外考试研究中心雅思和托福大作文中主体段的拓展，这往往是很多考生在写作中突显的最为薄弱的一个环节，表现为论证过程单薄、不充分、没有力量，导致论点站不住脚，最终使得整篇文章留下失败的一笔。
议论文，说到底，最关键的一点就是让读者对你在文章中所体现的立场认同。
要做到这一点，靠的就是论点和论证。
论点要合理、明确，且不要重复，要有层次；论证要做到充分，要有强大的力量把论点支撑起来，让读者心服口服，认同你的想法。
朗阁分析海外考试，一般考生要做的就是让考官明确地知道你的想法，并且认同你，最终让他给你一个合理且满意的写作分数。
如何成功地完成主体段落的拓展呢？要勾画出一个充实且具有说服力的论证过程，我们当然要使用到一些论证手段，结合这些论证方法的使用，协助我们较好地完成相对来说最困难的论证过程。
一、举例论证法要更为直观地反映问题，举例无疑是最好的选择，也是最具有说服力的。
常见的引出实例的方式：如f or examp le, forinstane,as is r eported,It is r eportedthat…, 可作为插入语的结构使用在句中。
实例也可以分为几种情况，如下：1. 应用名人实例，这是大家都知道的事情，容易引起共鸣。
如在教育类话题中有一个考点涉及到中学生要不要学历史，在论证古人的经验和智慧给我们很多借鉴意义时，就可以引用一些名人的例子。
C harles D arin, fo r exampl e, taugh t us tha t onl th e fittes t ansur vive, hi h is mor e than e ver true in toda’s petit ive soie t.应用某些调查研究结果，常结合具体数据，更能增强真实性说服力。
英语议论文中常见的论证方法
高级阅读议论文中常见的论证方法及对应考点综合能力部：吕永华• 1. 例证• 2. 数据论证• 3. 比较对比论证• 4. 引证• 5. 喻证1，例证法Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing pr ofessor, calls “the revengeful consumer.” ……The graceless El Al Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.✧The example of El A1 Airlines shows that ________.A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprisesB) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficultyC) a good slogan has great potential for improving serviceD) staff retraining is essential for better service．2. 数据论证That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.✧We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old3. 比较与对比论证The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing.It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.✧It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater4. 引证How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self doubt has yielded to blind pride. "American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States."✧The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed tothe ________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] restructuring of industry[C] improved business management[D] success in education5. 喻证In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped —with the educated themselves riding on them.✧The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ________.[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition。
英文作文论证方法
英文作文论证方法英文：When it comes to writing an argumentative essay, there are several methods that one can use to effectively present their argument. One of the most common methods is the Toulmin model, which involves presenting a claim, providing evidence to support it, addressing counterarguments, and concluding with a warrant that ties everything together.Another effective method is the Rogerian model, which emphasizes finding common ground and understanding between opposing viewpoints. This involves acknowledging the validity of the opposing argument, identifying shared values or goals, and then presenting a solution that satisfies both sides.Personally, I tend to prefer the Toulmin model because it allows for a clear and concise presentation of my argument, while also addressing potential counterarguments.For example, if I were writing an essay arguing for the importance of exercise, I would present my claim that exercise is crucial for overall health and well-being, provide evidence such as studies and personal anecdotes, address potential counterarguments such as time constraints or physical limitations, and conclude with a warrant that ties everything together.However, I also recognize the value of the Rogerian model in certain situations, such as when dealing withhighly divisive topics or when trying to reach a compromise. For instance, if I were writing an essay on gun control, I would acknowledge the valid concerns of both sides, such as the need for personal safety and the right to bear arms,and then propose a solution that takes both perspectivesinto account.Overall, the key to effective argumentation is to carefully consider the audience and purpose of the essay, and then choose a method that best suits those needs.中文：在写论证性文章时，有几种方法可以有效地呈现自己的观点。
英语写作中的论证技巧
英语写作中的论证技巧
在英语写作中，论证技巧是至关重要的，它能够帮助我们更好地表达观点并使文章更有说服力。
本文将从三个方面介绍英语写作中的论证技巧。
一、合理引用权威观点
论证时，我们可以引用权威人士、专家或相关研究机构的观点和调查结果，以增加文章的可信度。
例如，当我在写一篇关于全球气候变化的文章时，我可以引用联合国环境规划署（United Nations Environment Programme）的报告，从中提取数据和观点来支持我的论证。
同时，我们还可以引用名人名言、历史事件等来增加文章的权威性和说服力。
二、提供具体的事实和数据
为了加强论证的有效性，我们需要提供具体的事实和数据来支持观点。
这可以通过引用研究结果、调查数据、统计数字等来实现。
例如，当我们在写一篇关于手机使用对青少年健康影响的文章时，可以列举一系列的研究成果，说明手机使用过多会导致视
力下降、睡眠质量下降等问题。
这种用事实和数据来支持观点的方式，能够使文章更加有说服力。
三、运用逻辑和理性思维
除了引用权威观点和提供具体的事实和数据外，我们还需要运用逻辑和理性思维来进行论证。
这意味着我们要通过合理的推理和论证来达成结论。
我们可以使用因果关系、比较方法、类比推理等来加强论证。
此外，我们还要注意避免使用个人攻击、情绪化的语言和偏见，以保持论证的客观性和中立性。
总结起来，英语写作中的论证技巧对于提高文章的说服力和可信度至关重要。
我们可以合理引用权威观点，提供具体的事实和数据，并运用逻辑和理性思维来进行论证。
通过不断的练习和实践，我们可以逐渐掌握这些技巧并写出优秀的英语论文。
英语四级写作论证方法
英语四级写作论证方法写作是英语四级考试中的一项重要内容，对于学生来说，掌握有效的论证方法能够帮助他们更好地撰写文章。
本文将介绍几种常见的英语四级写作论证方法，并通过实例进行说明。
一、列举论证法列举论证法是指通过举例来支持论点。
具体而言，可以通过引用具体数据、案例、调查结果等来证明观点的正确性。
列举论证法通常适用于阐述某个具体问题的原因和影响等方面。
例子：Nowadays, more and more people choose to live in cities. One of the reasons for this is the abundant job opportunities available in urban areas. For instance, a recent survey shows that 80% of college graduates choose to work in cities, where they can find a wider range of job options compared to rural areas.二、因果论证法因果论证法是指通过阐述某事件或现象的原因与结果之间的关系来进行论证。
这种方法常用于解释某种现象产生的原因，或者预测某种行为的后果。
例子：One major reason for the rising obesity rates among teenagers is the prevalence of fast food consumption. The easy access to cheap andconvenient fast food has led to a decrease in physical activity and an increase in consumption of high-calorie food, which directly contributes to weight gain and obesity.三、对比论证法对比论证法通过对比两个或多个事物之间的差异和相似之处，以及他们的优缺点来进行论证。
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1. 议论文的格式：议论文的格式应由三个部分组成：立论部分；论证部分；结论部分。
一般说来，议论文可分三个基本段落来写：第一段引出话题；第二段立论且加以论证；第三段给出明确的结论。
第二段是中心段落，应试者应将主要的内容放在第二段中，同时也要注意开篇及结尾段落的完整性，且应尽量做到首尾呼应，切忌前后矛盾。
2. 段落的统一性及语篇的连贯性 1) 段落的统一性英语段落有一大特点，即一个段落只涉及一个主题(甚至只是一个主题的某个方面)。
段落中的一个句子点出主题并说明作者对该主题的看法，而其它所有句子都是为展开该主题而给出的事实、例证、推理，它们与主题紧密相关。
段落中不应有一个与主题无关的句子。
英文段落的这种各个句子与主题的关联性被称作段落的统一性。
2) 语篇的连贯性英语议论文的段落多采取直线展开式，即段落开始直接切入主题，并给出事实、例证、推理等。
英语议论文段落这种展开方式是形成其语篇连贯的基础。
语篇的连贯是指段落中各句的意义通过某种有序的排列(如时间顺序、因果顺序、逻辑顺序等)而相互关联。
在论述该段落主题的时候，每后一个句子都是建立在前面一个句子的基础之上的。
如果去掉段落中的一个句子，这种连贯便会受到影响，就会造成读者在理解上的困难。
3. 议论文中心段落的主题句及其论据、议论文中常用的词句与短语议论文中心段落的主题句及其论据 .一篇议论文能否获得高分与其中心段落主题句的质量不无关联. 需要明确的是，中心段落只应有两个组成部分：段落的主题句和支持主题句的论据。
拿到议论文的题目以后，经认真审题后，用英文列出你所能想起的与主题有关的例证。
议论文的思路与练习（1）议论文又称论说文，是一种既常见又十分重要的文体。
在四级作文考试中运用得最多。
议论文通常采用摆事实讲道理的方式，围绕着某一个有争议的观点展开论证，陈述各种理由，表明作者立场、阐明作者观点看法。
在文章中要明确地表明赞成什么、反对什么，用词不能模棱两可，必须明确肯定。
议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证，其中论点要鲜明，论据要合理、恰当、充分，论证过程要逻辑严密。
关于记叙文的思路打开，我这里推荐几种方法： 1. 生活化细节联想法针对大多数相对抽象不好下手的作文题目，我们可以先把作文题同自身联系到一起，把抽象、概括的作文题细化到自己身边，先打开一个突破口，再顺藤摸瓜，进行发散式联想。
请看例子：what are your opinions about the advantages and disadvantages of fast food? 题目的主体是快餐，方向为利弊处。
先不要考虑快餐是好是坏，而应该先考虑你身边的、你知道的快餐究竟有哪些，这些快餐给你或你的家人带来了哪些影响。
请看一位同学记录下来的思路。
请注意其跳跃性。
①遍地都是麦当劳、肯德基、永和豆浆、馄饨、油条。
②每次老爸不在家时，我吃鸡腿汉堡，快，省事、省时间。
不用买菜，切菜，做菜，蒸饭，洗碗，擦桌子。
不过还是老爸做的饭好吃，吃麦当劳吃不饱。
为什么呢？油少，没营养！③永和24小时，但东西贼贵，晚上避风的好地方，粥还行，油条，烂！④麦当劳小孩多，因为玩具多，电视上有很多他们的广告，小孩又哭又笑，学鸡叫的那个广告特傻，……儿童乐园。
⑤还是太贵。
在美国，垃圾食品，到了中国，特火！洋货？老爸不爱吃汉堡，因有奶酪。
不符合中国人的口味，农民就不喜欢，中国有8亿农民……（为了方便大家阅读，我们在录入时加入了一半字数）大家不妨问问自己两个问题：——上面的东西不够写120字吗？——上面的东西用英文表达难吗？答案是否定的。
试想，有了这个思路，无论怎么写，从哪一个方面写，我们都不缺观点和支持观点的细节性论据。
有一些题目从正面不好罗列素材，总结观点，我们可以从命题的对立面去思考问题，这样往往可以达到意想不到的收获。
如果问题是一个东西有什么样的好处，也许这个东西是日常生活中常见的东西，我们早已对其失去了敏感，这个时候不妨想一想如果失去了这个东西，我们的生活会受到哪些影响。
试举一例：in 1995, an englishman killed a burglar who broke into his house. he was sentenced. do you think he should be sentenced? how can we protect our property? 文章的关键在于how can we protect our properties？（我们如何保护自己的财产？）对于大多数同学来讲，对财产的概念还不清楚，谈何保护措施？于是，从反面破题，从我们周围的盗窃想起，请看一位同学的草稿：①前两天，丢了钱包，bus上，小偷走了，才有人告诉我，社会公德真有问题。
②学校的7台电脑cpu丢了，小偷从窗户爬进去的。
学校3年都不修，宿舍经常丢鞋、丢衣服。
③家里与房地产开发公司打官司，合同有问题。
④警察现在都不管事，出了问题才来，没出问题，懒得理你，防患于未然。
（为了方便阅读，我们把草稿上的英语译成了汉语）有了上面的几个问题，综合分析保护个人财产的措施也就不难得出了，个人、单位、社会、国家都应采取相应的措施，而论证过程可以从草稿中总结说理，也可以按照草稿上的思路举反例论证。
总之，在拓展思维时，一定要避免定向的、大而空的思维模式，应尽量把作文题目大处化小，小处化细，细处才可见真情。
从事物的反面考虑下列题目，写下浮现在你脑海中的词句：1) advantages of a harmonious family2) the importance of fresh drinking water问题解决型作文模板/nowadays，more and more people are concerned about the problem…(问题)/it is important for us to…(问题).for instance_____________________(例一) first，_________________________(原因一). moreover，_____________________(例二) second，_______________________(原因二)第二段：people have figured out many ways to solve the problem．/confronted with…(问题)we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation．firstly，________________________(解决方法一) secondly，______________________(解决方法二)第三段：1)personally，i believe that_______________(我的方法)/to me，i am taking two ways to solve the problem of…(问题) one of them is ________________________(我的方法) the other way is_______________________(方法二) by now ways have been working perfectly and efficient1y…(结果)2) in conclusion/in a word/to sum up/in summary/obviously/it’s clearthat…/it’s no doubt that….现象解释型作文模板对比论述型作文模板篇二：巧用例子写好英语作文巧用例子写好英语作文常用的举例方法有多例法和单例法。
首先看多例法，写这个方面的前提是对于一个话题有很多话说。
譬如讲农业科技的发展使得食物更加有营养。
首先现代科技在种子培养的发展方面使得农作物产量更高，富含营养更丰富，而且市场上水果及农产品也更多样化了。
其次，人们可以将农作物种在温室里，可以将植物种植在具有适宜营养物质的人造土壤里，而不需使用各种化学药品加速作物生长。
同时，食品加工也更先进了，比如米的加工，一些工序可以快速去除其中的杂质，同时能有效地将关键营养物质保留。
在写的时候注意用恰当的连词将例子连贯就好了。
另外一种便是单例法。
一个较长的、完整的举例应该包括“三要素”——举例引导句、例子本身、例子的含义。
其中，例子本身和例子的含义不能被省略。
譬如降到现在人们吃的食物更健康了因为每个人都更重视均衡饮食了。
举一个熟知的人的例子。
the food we have is more healthful than before because individuals attach greater importance to a balanced diet.摆明观点take for example my grandmother who is 65 years old and enjoys her current late-life. 引出例子to keep a good figure and a sound physical condition, she focuses on the daily nutrition taken from the food. at breakfast, she generally has soy milk, cereals, a boiled egg, and a small sum of noodles to keep energetic in the morning. at noon, she will have some meat such as beef and chicken to gain necessary animal proteins. however, in the evening, she only has some pieces of boiled lettuce or broccoli to ease the burden of digestion. plus, the greasy, salty and very spicy dishes would barely exist in her personal menu. actually, countless are people who have a similar dietary habit as my grandmother’s. 例子本身的细节the example highly illustrates that the food with low calorie, fat and cholesterol is increasingly popular among the modern people.最后点题，说明例子的意义。