环境科学专业词汇英语 (2)
环境科学英语词汇大全掌握环境科学领域的专业术语和环境保护英文表达
环境科学英语词汇大全掌握环境科学领域的专业术语和环境保护英文表达Environment Science English Vocabulary: Mastering Professional Terms in the Field of Environmental Science and English Expressions for Environmental ProtectionIntroduction:In the field of environmental science, it is crucial to have a strong grasp of the specialized vocabulary and terminology used. This comprehensive guide aims to equip you with a wide range of environment science English vocabulary, enabling you to effectively communicate and express ideas related to environmental protection.1. Environmental Issues:1.1 Pollution - The introduction of harmful substances or energy into the environment, resulting in negative effects on the ecosystem.1.2 Climate Change - Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place.1.3 Deforestation - The clearing, removal, or destruction of forests, leading to ecological imbalance.1.4 Global Warming - The gradual increase in Earth's average temperature due to excessive greenhouse gas emissions.2. Environmental Science Disciplines:2.1 Ecology - The study of the relationship between organisms and their environment.2.2 Environmental Chemistry - The branch of science focused on the chemical components and processes occurring in the environment.2.3 Environmental Engineering - The application of engineering principles to improve and maintain a sustainable environment.2.4 Environmental Biology - The study of the impact of environmental factors on living organisms.3. Sustainable Development:3.1 Renewable Energy - Energy sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.3.2 Waste Management - The collection, treatment, and disposal of waste materials to minimize negative environmental impact.3.3 Conservation - The protection and preservation of natural resources, wildlife, and ecosystems.3.4 Green Building - The design and construction of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly buildings.4. Environmental Policies and Regulations:4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) - The evaluation of potential environmental consequences before implementing projects or policies.4.2 Pollution Control Measures - Actions taken to reduce or eliminate pollution, such as emission standards and waste treatment facilities.4.3 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) - Global goals established by the United Nations to promote environmental protection and social well-being.4.4 Clean Air Act - Legislation enacted to regulate air pollution and protect public health.5. Environmental Protection Organizations:5.1 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - An international organization that coordinates environmental activities and supports developing countries in implementing sustainable practices.5.2 World Wildlife Fund (WWF) - A non-governmental organization dedicated to conserving nature and reducing human impact on the environment.5.3 Greenpeace - An environmental organization that campaigns for solutions to global environmental problems.5.4 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - A governmental agency responsible for protecting human health and the environment in the United States.Conclusion:By familiarizing yourself with these environment science English vocabulary, you will be better equipped to express your ideas, participate in discussions, and contribute to the field of environmental science.Additionally, understanding environmental protection English expressions will enable you to engage in international conversations and collaborate on global environmental issues. Remember, the effective exchange of knowledge and ideas is essential for creating a sustainable future.。
环境科学与工程专业英语
一、单词/词组（考试时要求：中译英/英译中）环境科学：environmental science环境工程：environmental engineering定量环境科学：quantitative environmental science定性环境科学：qualitative environmental science衰减再生：decay and recycling新陈代谢率：metabolic rates外来物质：foreign matter研究和发展：Research and Development一次大气污染物：primary air pollutant二次大气污染物：secondary air pollutant氧含量：Oxygen content点源：point sources沥青残留物：asphaltic residue酸雨：acid rain设备维护：facilities maintenance废物最小化：waste minimization正常浓度：normal concentration胡乱收集：magpie collection需氧量：oxygen demand/the amount of oxygen required闭合回路：closed-loop微生物：microbe/microorganisms揭示大的差别;expose the considerable gaps空气质量监测：air-quality monitoring氧化剂：oxidizer石油精炼:petroleum refining活性炭：activated carbon质量控制：quality control海轮：ocean liner挥发性化学物质：volatile chemicals沙漠化：desertification火山喷发：volcanic eruption间歇源：intermittent sources衡量浓度：trace concentrations氯化物和硫化物：chlorides and sulphates风化：wind erosion不完全燃烧：incomplete combustion化石燃料：fossil fuels液滴：liquid dropletsSO3:sulfur trioxidefor managerial and administrative reasons行政管理上的原因stacks of generating stations许多发电站Roman empire罗马皇帝Cloaca maxima 古罗马的大排泄沟Wate phosphorous 亚磷的（三价磷）phosphorous acid亚磷酸phosphoric磷的（五价）carbonates，bicarbonates碳酸盐，碳酸氢盐carbohydrates碳水化合物，主要含氢和碳TOC(total organic carbon)总有机碳COD(chemical oxygen demand)化学需氧量BOD(biological oxygen demand)生化需氧量Biodegradable organic可生物降解的有机物BOD5 BOD的测试标准化rborne diseases 水传染的疾病epilimnion 表层水hypolimnion深水层thermocline热变形层become depleted of oxygen 缺氧二、重点句子翻译UNIT21.Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us；that which we can see，hear，touch，smell，and taste.环境是围绕在我们周围物质生命的栖息地，在那里我们可以看到，听到，触到，闻到和品尝到。
环境地质学英语
环境地质学英语Environmental Geology（环境地质学）Geology（地质学）:1.Mineralogy（矿物学）2.Petrology（岩石学）3.Structural Geology（构造地质学）4.Sedimentology（沉积学）5.Stratigraphy（地层学）6.Geochemistry（地球化学）7.Geophysics（地球物理学）8.Paleontology（古生物学）Environmental Geology（环境地质学）:1.Environmental Geology Overview（环境地质学概述）2.Environmental Mineralogy（环境矿物学）3.Environmental Geochemistry（环境地球化学）4.Environmental Geophysics（环境地球物理学）5.Hydrogeology（水文地质学）6.Engineering Geology（工程地质学）7.Coastal Geology（海岸地质学）8.Geohazards（地质灾害）nd Use Planning（土地利用规划）10.W aste Disposal（废物处理）11.G roundwater Contamination（地下水污染）12.E nvironmental Risk Assessment（环境风险评估）13.E nvironmental Monitoring（环境监测）14.N atural Resource Management（自然资源管理）15.E nvironmental Remediation（环境修复）16.C limate Change and Environmental Geology（气候变化与环境地质学）17.S ustainable Development and Environmental Geology（可持续发展与环境地质学）18.E nvironmental Law and Policy（环境法律与政策）1.Groundwater Remediation（地下水修复）2.Geologic Hazards（地质灾害）3.Soil Mechanics（土力学）4.Soil Erosion（土壤侵蚀）5.Soil Contamination（土壤污染）6.Geologic Mapping（地质制图）7.Geologic Time Scale（地质时间尺度）8.Earthquake Hazard Assessment（地震危险评估）9.Ecological Footprint（生态足迹）10.Environmental Impact Assessment（环境影响评价）11.Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste（放射性废物地质处置）12.Coastal Zone Management（海岸带管理）13.Acid Mine Drainage（酸性矿山排放）14.Geologic Carbon Sequestration（地质碳封存）15.Soil Conservation（土壤保护）16.Ground Penetrating Radar（地质雷达）17.Geomorphology（地貌学）18.Geologic Remote Sensing（地质遥感）19.Environmental Geotechnics（环境岩土工程）20.Environmental Isotope Geochemistry（环境同位素地球化学）这些术语都是环境地质学中非常重要的概念，涉及到环境保护、资源利用、地质灾害等多个方面。
4 环境科学与工程专业英语第一章 unit2
在理解和控制人类活动和自然界复杂的相互作用上所需的科学 知识的巨大差异
Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or
污染可以定义为空气、水和陆地的物理、化学或生物性能被迫
发生改变，对人类或其他生命机体的健康、生存和活动造成了 有害影响。
Pollution：污染 Pollutant: 污染物质 Contamination: 污染，污染物 The act or process of contaminating. The state of being contaminated. One that contaminates.
环境：是指我们周围的物理和生物环境，我们可以看到， 听到，触到，闻到和感受到这些事物。
Practice：Environment can be defined as: (1) the circumstance or conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms, or (2) the complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community.
环境也可以定义为(1) 一个生物个体或生物群体周围的状况或条件； （natural environment） （2）影响个体或群体的复杂的社会或文化条件。 （ bulit environment）
环境科学与工程专业英语-Erosion
片状侵蚀
Байду номын сангаас
stream bank erosion 河岸侵蚀
wind erosion
风蚀
2
Alluvium[ə'l(j)uːviəm] : Sediment deposited by flowing water, as in a riverbed, flood plain, or delta. 冲积层：河床、冲积平原或三角洲中的流水淤积所产生的沉 积层. alluvial：冲积的，淤积的.
them in national parks as we did with the Grand Canyon. • 有时候，侵蚀的效果如此壮观，以至于我们用国家公园把
它铭记下来，如美国的大峡谷。
11
• Where erosion has worn down mountains and spread soil over the plains, or deposited rich alluvial silt in river bottomes, we galdly farm it.
Erode: To wear (something) away by or as if by abrasion; To cause to diminish（减小）, deteriorate（恶化）, or disappear as if by eating into or wearing away.
Erosion
1
New Words & Phrases
Erosion: The group of natural processes, including weathering, dissolution, abrasion(磨损）, corrosion（腐蚀）, and transportation, by which material is worn away（磨损） from the earth's surface.
英语常见专业词汇分类汇总
英语常见专业词汇分类汇总一、工程与技术：1. Architectural design（建筑设计）: the process of creating a plan for the construction of a building or structure.2. Civil engineering（土木工程）: the design, construction, and maintenance of structures such as roads, bridges, and buildings.3. Mechanical engineering（机械工程）: the branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and operation of machinery.4. Electrical engineering（电气工程）: the branch of engineering concerned with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.5. Computer programming（计算机编程）: the process of designing and writing computer programs.6. Telecommunications（电信）: the transmission of information over long distances using electronic or optical signals.7. Aerospace engineering（航空航天工程）: the branch of engineering concerned with the design and construction of aircraft and spacecraft.8. Environmental engineering（环境工程）: the branch of engineering concerned with the development of sustainable solutions to environmental problems.二、医学与健康：1. Anatomy（解剖学）: the branch of science that deals with the structure and organization of living things.2. Physiology（生理学）: the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.3. Genetics（遗传学）: the study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.4. Pharmacology（药理学）: the branch of medicine concerned with the study of drugs and their effects on the body.5. Radiology（放射学）: the branch of medicine that uses medical imaging techniques to diagnose and treat diseases.6. Psychiatry（精神病学）: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental health disorders.7. Cardiology（心脏病学）: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases.8. Oncology（肿瘤学）: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.三、商业与经济：1. Marketing（市场营销）: the process of promoting and selling products or services.2. Accounting（会计）: the process of recording, analyzing, and reporting financial transactions.3. Economics（经济学）: the study of how individuals, businesses, and governments allocate resources and make decisions.4. Finance（金融学）: the management of money, banking, investments, and credit.5. International trade（国际贸易）: the exchange of goods and services between countries.6. Entrepreneurship（创业）: the activity of starting a new business venture or taking a risk in order to make a profit.7. Supply chain management（供应链管理）: the coordination and oversight of the flow of goods, information, and finances from suppliers to end consumers.8. Market research（市场调研）: the process of gathering and analyzing data about customers, competitors, and market trends to make informed business decisions.四、计算机科学：1. Algorithm（算法）: a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing a task.2. Programming language（编程语言）: a formal language used to write computer programs.3. Artificial intelligence（人工智能）: the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence.4. Data mining（数据挖掘）: the process of discovering patterns and relationships in large datasets.5. Network security（网络安全）: the protection of computer networks and their data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.6. Software engineering（软件工程）: the application of engineering principles to the design, development, and maintenance of software systems.7. Machine learning（机器学习）: the study of algorithms and statistical models that enable computers to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data.8. User interface（用户界面）: the means by which a user interacts with a computer, website, or application.五、法律与政治：1. Constitutional law（宪法法学）: the body of law that defines the relationship between different entities within a state, namely the executive,the legislature, and the judiciary.2. Criminal law（刑法）: the body of law that deals with offenses against the state, such as murder, theft, and assault.3. International law（国际法）: the body of law that governs the relations between states and other international actors.4. Human rights（ ** ）: the basic rights and freedoms to which allindividuals are entitled, such as the right to life, liberty, and equality.5. Public policy（公共政策）: the principles, actions, and decisions adoptedby government or public authorities to address societal problems or meetpublic needs.6. Political science（政治科学）: the study of political systems, behavior,and ideologies.7. Diplomacy（外交）: the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad.8. Legislation（立法）: the process of making or enacting laws through the legislative branch of government.六、社会科学与人文学科：1. Sociology（社会学）: the study of human society, social behavior, and the consequences of social relationships.2. Psychology（心理学）: the scientific study of the mind and behavior.3. Anthropology（人类学）: the study of human societies, cultures, andphysical characteristics.4. History（历史学）: the study of past events, particularly in human affairs.5. Literature（文学）: written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.6. Philosophy（哲学）: the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and mind.7. Linguistics（语言学）: the scientific study of language and its structure, including phonetics, syntax, and semantics.8. Art history（艺术史）: the study of visual arts from ancient times to the present, including painting, sculpture, architecture, and photography.七、自然科学与数学：1. Biology（生物学）: the study of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, and evolution.2. Chemistry（化学）: the study of the composition, properties, and reactions of substances.3. Physics（物理学）: the study of matter, energy, and the interactions between them.4. Mathematics（数学）: the study of numbers, quantity, space, and structure,including algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics.5. Geology（地质学）: the study of the Earth's physical structure, history,and processes.6. Astronomy（天文学）: the study of celestial objects, such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies.7. Environmental science（环境科学）: the study of the environment and the effects of human activities on it.8. Statistics（统计学）: the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.八、教育与心理学：1. Pedagogy（教育学）: the study and practice of teaching and educational methods.2. Educational psychology（教育心理学）: the branch of psychology that deals with the study of teaching methods and learning processes.3. Curriculum development（课程开发）: the process of creating and designing educational programs and courses.4. Special education（特殊教育）: the education of students with special needs or disabilities.5. Counseling psychology（咨询心理学）: the branch of psychology that focuses on providing therapeutic services to individuals and groups.6. Child psychology（儿童心理学）: the study of children's mental andemotional development and behavior.7. School psychology（学校心理学）: the application of psychologicalprinciples and techniques in educational settings to promote the learning and emotional well-being of students.8. Adult education（成人教育）: the provision of educational opportunities and programs for adults, often focused on professional development or personal enrichment.九、艺术与设计：1. Fine arts（美术）: the creation and appreciation of visual art, such as painting, sculpture, and printmaking.2. Graphic design（平面设计）: the art and practice of planning and projecting ideas and experiences with visual and textual content.3. Fashion design（服装设计）: the art of applying design, aesthetics, and natural beauty to clothing and its accessories.4. Industrial design（工业设计）: the process of creating and developing concepts and specifications for products or systems.5. Architecture（建筑学）: the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures.6. Interior design（室内设计）: the art and science of enhancing the interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using the space.7. Photography（摄影）: the art, application, and practice of creating durable images using a camera or other light-sensitive equipment.8. Film and video production（影视制作）: the process of creating and producing films, television shows, and video content.十、环境与地理：1. Ecology（生态学）: the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.2. Environmental science（环境科学）: the study of the environment and the impact of human activities on it.3. Geography（地理学）: the study of the Earth's surface, its physical features, climate, population, and how humans interact with these factors.4. Climate change（气候变化）: the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place.5. Conservation（保护）: the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment and of wildlife.6. Sustainable development（可持续发展）: the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.7. Urban planning（城市规划）: the practice of envisioning and regulating the use of space in urban areas, including transportation and infrastructure.8. Environmental policy（环境政策）: the set of guidelines and principles that govern the regulation and management of the environment.。
环境科学专业英语翻译
U11、1．What is Envoronmental Science?环境科学是研究和评价环境影响的一门学科。
环境科学家们首先试图去认识人类在自然环境中各种活动的样态、影响和变化。
环境科学家们他们知道正在发生着什么，然后去寻找这种原因或多种原因。
他们通常也能够去探求这些答案。
2、Solutions to Environmental Problems鉴于环境科学对理解人类对自然环境影响的重要性，社会通常依靠环境政策、环境教育以及环境技术来解决环境问题。
环境政策和教育这两者与改变人们的习惯和行为相关。
环境政策甚至更能直接调整生活习惯。
空气净化法案，例如，制定某些因工业设备允许排放的某些种类气体的排放标准（允许水平）。
至于环境教育，它试图以更细微的方式改变人们的习惯。
比如说，教育大多数的消费者关于汽车引起的空气污染，可能会使一些人改变他们的行为，采用污染更少的交通方式，如步行、自行车或公交交通等。
最后，环境技术通过使用代替的工具、或减少环境影响的程序来用于解决环境问题。
例如，像大家都知道的触媒转化器，安装于排气系统，用于中和汽油燃烧室发动机排出的废气。
为解决特定的环境问题，社会通常借助于环境政策、环境教育以及环境技术三种形式或其组合来实现。
3、The Enviroment as a System为较好地认识自然环境，人们对环境的影响以及人们通过改变行为和使用技术来减少对于环境影响的方式，我们最好从“系统”的角度来思考自然或自然环境。
一个系统可以看做各要素相互作用、相互关联或相互依赖的组群，也可看成是各种要素的一个集合体。
把自然环境作为一个系统来考虑，它是由四部分构成，每部分都有自己的形式、体系安排、特征和动力学。
这五种亚系统包括：大气圈---覆盖在地球周围的气体或气体地球；岩石圈---由岩石和矿物构成的固体地球；水圈------地球的水或地球液体；生物圈---地球的生命，包括植物、动物、昆虫和除人类之外的所有有生命的东西。
环境管理英语单词
1. environment 环境2. environmental 环境的3. environmental science 环境科学4. environmental engineering 环境工程5. environmental management环境管理6. environmental issue 环境议题7. environmental concern 环境忧虑8. environmental problem 环境问题9. environmental protection 环境保护10. environmental movement 环境运动11. environmentalist 环境主义者12. environmentalism 环境主义.13. pollution 污染14. pollute (v) 污染(动) 15. pollutant 污染物16. polluter 污染者17. contamination 污染18. contaminate (v) 污染19. contaminant 污染物20. contaminator 污染者21. sustainable 可持续的22. sustainable development 可持续发展23. sustainability 可持续性24. sustain (v) 持续(动)25. natural resources 自然资源26. biodiversity 生物多样性27. ecosystem 生态系统28. agroecosystem 农业生态系统29. natural ecosystem 自然生态系统30. domesticated ecosystem 人类驯化生态系统31. ecology 生态学32. ecological 生态学的33. wilderness 荒野34. ecosphere 生物圈35. timber 木材36. ranch 大农场37. livestock 家畜38. graze (v) 吃草（动）39. municipal 市政的40. conserve (v) 保护（动）41. coniferous 针叶林的42. canal 运河43. biodynamic 生物驱动44. predator 捕食者45. bioaccumulate (v) 生物积累（动）46. petrochemical 石油化工产品47. microcosm 微宇宙48. tributary 支流49. footprint 印迹50. vegetation 植被51. politics 政治52. philosophy 哲学53. social organization 社会组织54. traditional science 传统科学55. societal value 社会价值56. political awareness 政治意识57. political jurisdiction 政治权限58.political friction 政治摩擦59. economic advantages 经济优势60. follow-up 跟进1. wildness 荒野漫无边际的荒野boundless wildness2. The Earth Day 地球日发起地球日活动to launch the activity of the Earth Day3. The Earth Summit 地球峰会以前被称作为UNCED的地球峰会The Earth Day formally known as the UNCED4. Rachel Carson 雷切尔.卡森像雷切尔卡森这样的杰出科学家the distinguished scientist like Rachel Carson5. greenhouse gases 温室气体.温室气体排放emission of greenhouse gases6. global warming 全球变暖全球变暖相关问题issues linked to global warming7. greenhouse effect 温室效应温室效应的严重后果serious consequences of greenhouse effect8. climate change 气候变化周期性的气候变化periodical climatechange9. The Kyoto Protocol京都议定书.京都议定书协议agreements of the Kyoto Protocol10. The Great Lakes 五大湖五大湖的边界boundaries of the Great Lakes11. Chesapeake Bay 切萨彼克湾切萨彼克湾实验基地the experimental base of Chesapeake Bay12. metropolitan complex 大城市群. 渤海湾大城市群the metropolitan complex in Bohai Gulf13. abandoned industrial sites 废弃的工业场地无数的废弃工业场地countless abandoned industrial sites14. grassland 草地广袤无垠的草地the vast grassland15. forest 森林茂盛的森林the exubriant forest16. farmland 农场美国中西部农场the midwestern farmlands in the U.S.17. coniferous forest 针叶林针叶林主导植被dominant vegetation of coniferous forest18. deciduous forest 落叶林稀疏的落叶林sparse deciduous forest19. tropical rainforest 热带雨林南美热带雨林tropical rainforest in South America20. temperate forest 温带森林从未砍伐的温带森林the uncut temperate forest21. floodplain 洪水平原洪水平原的大规模丧失the great loss of floodplain22. deltas 三角洲三角洲污染物汇集pollutant convergence in deltas23. watershed 水域密西西比河水域the Mississippi River watershed24. coral reef 珊瑚礁珊瑚礁白化coral reef whitening25. coastal areas 沿海地带沿海地带发达地区the developed places in coastal areas26. wetland 湿地湿地栖息地the wetland habitat27. groundwater 地下水地下水回填groundwater refilling28. drinking water 饮用水含有化肥的饮用水the drinking water containing fertilizers29. open space 空旷地带城市空旷地带缺失the lack of urban open space30. rural people 农村人憨厚的农村人simple and honest rural people31. urban dwellers 城市居民城市居民的高生活水准high living standard of urban dwellers32. suburban 郊区的郊区的快速城市化rapid suburban urbanization33. erosion 流失不可避免的流失inevitable erosion34. soil erosion 土壤流失众所周知的土壤流失the well-known soil erosion35. erosive 流失的流失的趋势erosive tendency36. erode (v) 流失(动) 流失逐步升级to erode increasingly37. silt 淤泥堆积的淤泥piling-up silt38. siltation 淤泥化令人困扰的淤泥化perplexing siltation39. silt up (v) 淤泥堵塞(动) 持续不断地淤泥堵塞to silt up continuously40. dredge (v) 挖泥(动) 高效率地挖泥to dredge highly efficiently41. accidental spill 事故性撒漏难以预见的事故性撒漏unpredictable accidental spill42. toxin 毒素致命毒素lethal toxin43. toxic 有毒的有毒的化学试剂toxic chemical reagents44. toxicity 毒性积累性毒性accumulative toxicity45. toxicology 毒理学生态毒理学ecological toxicology 46. fertilizer 化肥氮肥nitrogen fertilizers47. pesticide 杀虫剂含氯杀虫剂chlorinated pesticides 48. water table 地下水位下降了的地下水位the lowered water table49. irrigation 灌溉灌溉管网irrigation pipelines50. regional economy 区域经济区域经济滞后the retardation of regional economy51. local economy 地区经济地区经济超前the lead of local economy52. world economy 世界经济世界经济衰退falling world economy53. global economy 全球经济全球经济复苏recovery of global economy54. coast 海岸阳光海岸sunny coast55. coastline 海岸线蜿蜒曲折的海岸线winding coastline 56. agriculture 农业农业机械agriculture machinery57. low-paying jobs 低薪工作不屑一顾的低薪工作disdained low-paying jobs58. municipal services 市政服务逐步改进的市政服务gradually improved municipal services59. The Mekong River 湄公河越南境内的湄公河The Meikong River in Vienam60. barrier island 堤岛星罗棋布的堤岛widely scattered barrier islands1. exploitation 开发2. exploit 开发(动)3. exploitative 开发的4. exploitable 可开发的5. science 科学6. scientific method 科学方法7. observation 观察8. questioning 质疑9. hypothesis 猜想10. hypotheses 假说(复)11. hypothesize 猜测(动)12. hypothetical 猜测性的.13. experiment实验14. controlled experiment 控制实验15. variable 变量16. reproducibility 重现性17. theory 理论18. scientific law 科学法则19. experience 经验20. matter 物质21. energy 能量22. Atom 原子23. atomic 原子的24. nucleus 原子核25. nuclei 原子核(复)26. neutron 中子27. proton 质子28. electron 电子29. molecule 分子30. molecular 分子的31. ion 离子32. cation 阳离子33. anion 阴离子34. isotope 同位素35. element 元素36. compound 化合物37. mixture 混合物38. acid (base) 酸39. acidic (basic) 酸性的40. alkaline 碱性的41. hydrogen ion 氢离子42. hydroxide 氢氧根43. chemical bond 化学键44. chemical reaction 化学反应45. endothermic 吸热的46. exothermic放热的47. activation energy 活化能48. catalyst 催化剂49. catalyze 催化（动）50. catalysis 催化51. catalytic 催化的52. enzyme 酶53. organic 有机的54. inorganic 无机的55. photosynthesis 光合作用56. respiration 呼吸57. fermentation 发酵58. kinetic energy 动能59. potential energy 势能60. sensible heat 显热1. latent heat 潜热2. thermodynamic 热动力的3. thermodynamics 热动力学4. combustion 燃烧5. incineration 焚烧6. burning 燃烧的（高热的；燃烧）7. entropy 熵8. enthalpy 焓9. gas 气体10. gaseous 气体的11. gaseity 气态12. gasify 气化（动）13. gasification 气化14. gasifiable 可气化的15. vapor (vapour)(vapourer) 蒸气16. vaporize 蒸汽化（动）17. vaporous (vaporific, vapourish, vapoury) 蒸汽的18. solid 固体19. solidify 固化（动）（凝固；变硬；结晶）20. solidification 固化21. solidity 固态（硬度；稳健）22. solidifiable能凝固的23. liquid 液体（液体的；流动的；不稳定的）24. liquify (liquefy) 液化（动）25. liquifiable 可液化的26. liquifier 液化器27. liquidize 使液化（动）28. liquefaction 液化（作用）29. biotic 生物的30. abiotic 非生物的31. limiting factor 限制性因子32. range of tolerance 耐受范围33. habitat 栖息地34. inhabit (inhabitancy, inhabitant, inhabitation) 栖息（动）35. habitual 习惯的36. niche 小生态37. natural selection 自然选择38. evolution 进化39. evolutionary (evolutional) 进化的40. coevolution 共进化41. speciation 物种分化42. extinction 灭绝43. predator 捕食者44. predation 捕食45. prey 猎物46. competition 竞争47. intraspecific 种内的48. interspecific 种间的49. symbiosis 共生50. symbiotic 共生的51. parasitism 寄生52. parasite 寄生虫53. parasitic 寄生虫的54. host 宿主55. ectoparasite 外寄生虫56. endoparasite 内寄生虫57. commensalism偏利共生58. mutualism 互生59. herbivore 食草动物1. herbivorous 食草的2. carnivore 食肉动物3. carnivorous 食肉的4. omnivore 杂食动物5. scavenger 食腐动物6. decomposer 分解者7. producer 生产者8. consumer 消费者9. primary consumer 初级消费者10. secondary consumer 次级消费者11. trophic level 营养级12. food chain 食物链13. food web 食物网14. detritus食屑者15. biomass 生物量16. nutrient cycle 营养循环17. carbon 碳18. nitrogen 氮19. phosphorous cycle 磷循环20. biogeochemical cycle 生物地质化学循环21. ammonia 氨22. ammonium 铵23. nitrite 亚硝酸盐24. nitrate 硝酸盐25. nitric oxide 一氧化氮26. nitrogen monoxide 一氧化氮27. nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮28. nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮29. nitrify 硝化（动）30. nitrification 硝化31. nitrogen fixation 固氮32. denitrify 反硝化（动）33. denitrification 反硝化34. gene 基因35. chromosome 染色体36. keystone species 关键物种37. sea urchin 海胆38. sea otter 海獭39. beaver 海狸40. kelp 海草41. algae 海藻（复数）42. alga 海藻43. moss 苔藓44. gazelle 瞪羚45. moose 麋/驼鹿46. grasshopper 蚱蜢47. hawk 鹰48. eagle 鹰49. falcon 猎鹰/雌鹰/游隼50. meadowlark 云雀/草地鹨（北美鸟）51. cuckoo 杜鹃鸟/布谷鸟52. robin 知更鸟53. earthworm 蚯蚓54. berry 浆果55. mushroom 蘑菇56. asparagus 芦笋57. rhubarb 大黄58. lettuce 莴苣59. broccoli 椰菜/西兰花1. milkweed 马利筋属植物2. beetle 甲壳虫3. ladybird beetle (ladybird, lady bug) 瓢虫4. aphid 蚜虫5. toad 蟾蜍/癞蛤蟆6. caterpillar 毛虫7. tapeworm 条虫8. flea 跳蚤9. lice 虱子10. mouse 耗子11. mice 老鼠（复数）12. squirrel 松鼠13. bison 野牛14. mosquito 蚊子15. tick壁虱/扁虱16. orchid 兰花17. acacia 刺槐/洋槐18. alder 桤木/落叶乔木19. aspen 白杨/山杨20. elm榆树21. legume 豆科植物22. bean 蚕豆/豆23. clover 三叶草/苜蓿属植物24. soybean 黄豆25. corn 玉米26. mammoth 猛犸27. dandelion 蒲公英28. bass 鲈鱼29. carp 鲤鱼30. catfish 鲶鱼31. walleye 鼓眼鱼32. bacterium 细菌33. bacteria 细菌（复数）34. fungus 真菌35. fungi 真菌（复数）36. virus 病毒37. phage 噬菌体38. mold 霉菌39. mycorrhiza 菌根40. mycorrhizae 菌根（复数）41. mycorrhizal 菌根的42. donkey 驴43. mule 骡子44. succession 演替45. successional stage 演替阶段46. primary succession 初始演替47. secondary succession 次生演替48. pioneer community 先锋群落49. climax community 顶级群落50. terrestrial 陆地的51. aquatic 水生的52. evergreen forest 常绿林53. hardwood forest 硬木林54. perennial grass 多年生草本植物55. submerged plant 沉水植物56. emergent plant 挺水植物57. sedge 蓑衣草58. cattail 香蒲59. sphagnum 泥炭藓1. bulrush 芦苇/灯心草2. floating mats 水面漂浮席垫植物3. bog 泥沼4. biome 生物群落区5. coniferous forest 针叶林6. deciduous forest 落叶林7. grassland 草地8. prairie 大草原9. steppe 西伯利亚无树大草原/干草原savanna 热带大草原11. desert 沙漠12. tundra 冻原/苔原13. permafrost 永久冻原14. alpine tundra 高山冻原15. taiga 西伯利亚针叶林16. boreal forest 北部针叶林17. chaparral 浓密常绿阔叶灌丛(美国加利福尼亚和墨西哥)18. Mediterranean 地中海19. shrubland 灌木丛20. The Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠21. The North Pole 北极22. The South Pole 南极23. root 根24. seed 种子25. leaf叶26. stem 茎27. canopy 植冠28. nectar 花蜜29. rodent 啮齿动物30. rattlesnake 响尾蛇31. lizard 蜥蜴32. spider 蜘蛛33. capybara 水豚34. wildebeest 角马35. hyena 鬣狗/土狼36. caribou北美驯鹿37. antelope 羚羊38. reindeer 驯鹿39. deer 鹿40. moth 蛾41. wasp 黄蜂42. ant 蚂蚁43. badger 獾44. weasel 黄鼠狼45. mole 鼹鼠46. opossum 负鼠47. lemming 旅鼠48. hare 野兔49. waterfowl 水禽50. woodpecker 啄木鸟51. grouse 松鸡52. turkey 火鸡53. finch 雀类54. birch 桦树55. beech 山毛榉56. hickory 山核桃树57. maple 枫树58. oak 橡树59. spruce 云杉60. fir 枞树61. larch 落叶松62. willow 柳树63. balsa 轻质木64. teak wood 柚木65. ornamental wood 装饰木66. pelagic 远洋的/深海的67. freshwater ecosystem 淡水生态系统68. marine ecosystem 海洋生态系统69. plankton 浮游生物70. phytoplankton 浮游植物1. zooplankton 浮游动物2. benthic ecosystem 底栖生态系统3. benthic 底栖的4. abyssal 深海的5. coral reef 珊瑚礁6. mangrove 红树7. estuary 入海口/河口8. littoral zone 滨海地带9. limnetic zone 湖沼地带10. euphotic zone 有光区11. oligotrophic 寡营养的12. eutrophic 富营养的13. swamp 树木沼泽14. marsh 草地沼泽15. crayfish 小龙虾/喇蛄16. clam 蛤蚌17. crab 螃蟹18. sponge 海绵19. jellyfish 海蜇/水母20. oyster 牡蛎21. sea anemone 白头翁/银莲花22. mackerel 马鲛鱼23. tuna 金枪鱼24. flounder 比目鱼25. salmon 鲑鱼/大马哈鱼26. natality出生率27. birthrate 出生率28. mortality 死亡率29. death rate 死亡率30. morbidity 发病率31. survivorship curve 存活曲线32. sex ratio 性别比33. age distribution 年龄分布34. monogamous 一雌一雄的35. polygamous 一雌多雄的/一雄多雌的36. sterile 节育的37. nonsterile 未节育的38. reproduce 繁殖（动）39. divide 分裂（动）40. germinate 发芽（动）41. germination 发芽42. fertilize 受精（动）43. fertilization 受精44. prereproductive 育龄前的45. reproductive 育龄的46. postreproductive 育龄后的47. juvenile 年幼的/青少年的48. adult 成年49. mature 成熟的50. premature 未成熟的51. mate 配对（动）52. life span 寿命53. population density 人口密度54. population size 人口55. litter size 同胎生仔数56. maternal care 产妇护理/妇幼保健57. shelter 避难所58. nesting site 孵化地59. dispersal 分散/散布60. disperse 分散（动）61. immigration 移入62. emigration 移居国外63. overcrowd 过度拥挤64. biotic potential 生物潜能/繁殖本能65. male 雄性66. female 雌性67. parents 父母68. offspring 子代69. individual 个体70. population 群体1. lag phase 迟滞期2. exponential growth phase 指数生长期3. log phase 对数生长期4. stable phase 稳定期5. equilibrium phase 平衡生长期6. death phase 死亡期7. carrying capacity 承载力8. environmental resistance 环境阻力9. limiting factor 限制性因子10. K-strategist K-策略者11. r-strategist r-策略者12. endangered species 濒危物种13. threatened species 受威胁物种14. doubling time 倍增时间15. industrialized countries 工业化国家16. famine 饥荒17. political unrest 政治骚动18. political upheaval 政治大乱19. political turmoil 政治动乱20. groundwater mining 地下水开采21. population density 人口密度22. vegetarian diet 素食者饮食23. demography 人口统计学24. replacement fertility 替换出生率25. age distribution 年龄分布26. childbearing age 怀孕年龄27. breast feeding 母乳喂养28. early marriage 早婚29. pregnancy 怀孕30. pregnant 怀孕的31. nurse 养育/护理（动）32. birth control 计划生育33. contraception 避孕34. adulthood 成年35. social security 社会保障36. childcare 儿童照管37. economic prosperity 经济繁荣38. medical care 医疗照管39. cash bonus 现金奖励40. sterilization 绝育41. abortion 流产42. standard of living 生活水平43. living standard 生活水平44. couple 夫妇45. life expectancy 预期寿命46. disposal income 可支配收入47. purchasing power 购买力48. infant 婴儿49. overnutrition 营养过剩50. undernutrition 营养不良51. overweight超重52. obese 肥胖53. economic incentives 经济刺激54. foreign debt 外债55. corruption 腐败56. self-sufficient 自足57. immigrant 外来移民58. emigrant 国外移居者59. caucasian 白种人60. emerging economics 新兴经济61. biodiversity 生物多样性62. genetic diversity 遗传多样性63. species diversity 物种多样性64. ecosystem diversity 生态系统多样性65. population size 人口数量66. reproduction 繁殖67. sexual reproduction 有性生殖68. asexual reproduction 无性生殖69. breed 繁衍（动）70. species richness 物种丰富度1. genetic combination 遗传组和2. mutation 突变3. migration 迁徙4. passenger pigeon 信鸽5. carrier pigeon 信鸽6. homing pigeon 家鸽7. moa 恐鸟8. zebra mussel 斑马贝9. topography 地形10. patch 小块土地11. ridge 脊/岭12. rolling terrain 起伏地势13. pollination 授粉14. pollinator 传粉者15. fishery 渔业16. medicinal plant 药用植物17. shoreline 海岸线18. habitat loss 栖息地丢失19. native species 原生物种20. exotic species 外来物种21. alien species 外来物种22. fragmentation 碎片化23. scrubland 灌木丛林地24. cropland 庄稼地25. shore land 海岸地带26. rangeland 牧场27. permanent pasture 永久牧场/草场28. deforestation 砍伐森林29. reforestation 再森林化30. clear-cutting 皆伐31. selective harvesting 选择性收获32. plantation forestry 种植/人工林业33. forage 饲料34. mahogany 红木35. eucalyptus 桉树36. regrowth 再生长37. desertification 荒漠化38. subsistence farming 维持性耕作39. subsistence agriculture 维持性农业40. nomadic herder 游牧牧民41. trawl 拖网42. anchovy 鳀鱼43. fish farming 渔业养殖44. aquaculture 水产养殖45. genetic makeup 遗传组成46. chimpanzee 黑猩猩47. gorilla 大猩猩48. bush meat 野生动物肉49. rhinoceros 犀牛50. ballast water 压舱水51. marsupial 有袋动物52. lamprey 七腮鳗/八日鳗53. smelt 公鱼54. alewife 大肚鲱55. goby 虾虎鱼56. ruffe 梅花鲈57. grizzly bear 灰/黑熊58. exterminate 灭绝（动）59. The World Conservation Union 世界保护联盟60. tourist attraction 旅游胜地61. scenic site 景点62. poacher 偷猎者63. cover 掩体64. sapling 树苗65. gizzard 肌胃/砂囊66. migratory bird 候鸟67. land mass 大地68. pike 狗鱼69. cod 鳕鱼70. bottom dweller 底栖生物1. habitat management 栖息地管理2. bluegill 翻车鱼/蓝腮3. land-use 土地使用4. landscape 地势5. urban planning 城市规划6. waterfront 滨水区7. tenement 经济公寓8. outskirt 远郊9. suburban 郊区的10. real estate 房地产11. shopping center 购物中心12. congestion 拥堵13. decentralize 去中心化（动）14. utility service 公用事业15. zoning ordinance 区域划分条例16. housing tract 居民区17. urban sprawl 城市扩张18. tract development 片区发展19. ribbon sprawl 带型扩张20. public transport 公共运输21. landowner 土地拥有者22. historic building 历史建筑23. battlefield 战场24. open space 空地25. municipality 市政府26. nature center 自然中心27. brownfield 废弃的工业场地28. rancher大牧场主29. The Forest Service 林业管理局geopolitics 地缘政治学31. The Cold War 冷战32. democracy 民主33. central government 中央政府34. local government 地方政府35. private institution 私人机构36. private sector 私有部门37. civil society 公民社会38. technological innovation 技术革新39. deregulation 放松管制40. public policy 公共政策41. governance 统治/管制42. advocacy group 支持性组织43. think tank 智库44. trade group 贸易组织45. advisory group 咨询组织46. corporate council 公司董事会47. water rights 水权48. ground rule 基本法规49. civic group 公民组织50. land trust 土地信托51. labor union 工会52. neighborhood group 邻里组织53. industry group 工业组织54. shareholder group 股东组织55. lobbying 游说56. public hearing 公众听证57. watchdog 监管人58. marketplace 市场59. taxpayer 纳税人60. environmental awareness 环境认识61. policy 政策62. legislative branch 立法机构63. judicial branch 司法机构64. executive branch 执法机构65. The Congress 国会66. dispute 争议67. act 法律68. statute 法令/法规69. poll 投票70. public opinion 公众观点presidential campaign 总统竞选2. presidential election 总统选举3. grassroots 草根4. initiative 动议/主动5. green politics 绿色政治6. national security 国家安全7. NATO 北约8. environmental terrorism 环境恐怖主义9. ecoterrorism 生态恐怖主义10. anarchy 无政府11. bilateral agreement 双边协议12. multilateral agreement 多边协议13. environmental certification环境认证reverence 敬畏instrumental 有益的self-contained 独立的surge 浪潮swiftly 迅速的tumble 翻滚shady 荫凉的recitation 详述glimpse 一瞥chirp 吱吱叫conspicuous 显著的diverge 分岔shape 塑造camouflage 伪装intrigue 使困惑rival 竞争者excavate 挖开hitch 勾住bumble-bee 野蜂obligatory 专性的pedal 脚踏板lure 诱饵alternate 交替的prominent 主要的self-perpetuate 自我延续的drizzle 毛毛雨preordained 自然注定的devoid 却失jeopardy 危险detrimental 有害的accrue 自然增长institute 设立unveil 展现ward 病房dwindle 减少affluent 富人peripheral 周围的paradoxically 自相矛盾地stuck 陷于困境renovate 翻修prime 优等的impervious不透水的escalate 逐步增强wield 行使pursuits 寻求bewildering 令人迷惑的unleash 释放aggravate 加剧remedy补救cynicism 愤世嫉俗arduous 艰辛prescribing受规定所限的status quo 现状encompass 包括intertwine 使交织一起concession 特许temper 减缓envision 预见。
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环境工程专业英语pollution污染a cid rain酸雨interaction of systems系统的交互作用environmental problem环境问题environmental disturbance环境破坏biotic habitat生物环境sulfur dioxide二氧化硫nitrogen oxide氧化氮carbon dioxide二氧化碳automobile exhaust汽车尾气infectious diseases有传染性的疾病waterborne diseases水传染的疾病agrarian society农业社会industrial society工业社会industrial revolution产业革命urbanization城市化industrialization工业化developed country发达国家developing country发展中国家undeveloped country落后国家primary air pollutant一次大气污染物secondary air pollutant二次大气污染物monoxide一氧化物dioxide二氧化物trioxide三氧化物carbon monoxide一氧化碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳sulfur dioxide二氧化硫sulfur trioxide三氧化硫nitrous oxide一氧化二氮nitric oxide一氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮carbon oxides碳氮化物sulfur oxides硫氧化物nitrogen oxides氮氧化物hydrocarbons碳氢化合物photochemical oxidants光化学氧化物particulates颗粒物inorganic compound无机化合物organic compound有机化合物radioactive substance放射性物质heat热 noise噪声contaminant污染物 strength强度foreign matter杂质 domestic sewage生活污水municipal wastewater城市废水 microbe微生物microorganism微生物 bacteria细菌total solids总固体inorganic constituents无机要素suspended solids (SS)固体悬浮物volatile suspended solids (VSS)挥发性悬浮固体颗粒organic matter有机物质total organic carbon, TOC总有机碳chemical oxygen demand, COD化学需氧量biochemical oxygen demand, BOD生化需氧量biodegradable可微生物分解的contamination污染 recontamination再污染groundwater地下水 surface water地表水restriction限制 colloid胶体screening隔栅 coagulation凝聚flocculation絮凝 sedimentation沉淀filtration过滤 disinfection消毒chlorination氯化消毒 prechlorination预加氯ozonation臭氧消毒 aeration曝气softening软化 activated carbon活性炭adsorption吸附 reverse osmosis反渗透desalination脱盐处理microbial degradation微生物降解biological degradation生化降解biofilm process生物膜法activated sludge process活性污泥法attached-growth吸着生长suspended-growth悬浮生长shock loading冲击负荷organic loading有机负荷mixed liquor suspended solids混合液悬浮固体metabolize使代谢化metabolism新陈代谢dissolved oxygen 溶解氧pretreatment process 预处理工艺primary clarifier初沉池equalization basin均质池biological treatment process生物处理工艺aeration basin曝气池secondary clarifier二沉池biomass生物质heterotrophic bacteria异养菌autotrophic bacteria自养菌hydraulic retention time (HRT) 水力停留时间sludge residence time (SRT)污泥停留时间solid waste固体废物municipal城市化industrial工业的agricultural农业的hazardous危险的residential住宅的commercial商业的putrescibl e易腐烂的combustible易燃的flammable可燃的explosive易爆的radioactive放射性的Landfilling土地填埋 incineration:焚烧 composting: 堆肥 compaction: 压实，紧凑sanitary landfill卫生填埋 balance剩下的，余额，结余 batch-fed分批投料 refus e垃圾municipal waste城市垃圾perform: 执行 shut down:关闭 energy recovery能量回收incomplete combustion不完全燃烧combustion燃烧volume reduction体积缩小anaerobic厌氧硝化中英互译短语Biological degradation生化降解 equalization basin调节池 aeration basin曝气池sludge blocs污泥絮体 settling tank沉淀池 dissolved oxygen溶解氧suspended-growth悬浮生长 pulverized refuse垃圾破碎biofilm生物膜well-compacted landfill压实填埋场nutrient source营养源mass-burning大量燃烧fluidized fed incarceration硫化床燃烧法 soil conditioners土壤改良剂温室效应greenhouse effect 由CO2引起的caust by CO2 世界碳预算the world carbon budget 天气自然波动natural fluctuations 全球变暖global warming 厌氧的anaerobic腐烂Putrefied 甲烷methane 臭氧层ozone layer 气候模型climatic model正常浓度：normal concentration 严重污染物：heavily polluted 决定因素：determining factor光化学氧化物：photochemical oxidants 液体微滴：liquid particulates 含硫的：sulfur-containing放射性物质：radioactiue substance 汽车尾气：automobile exhaust wet oxidation湿式氧化1、Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we can see, hear,touch, smell, and taste. 环境是我们周围的物理和生物环境，我们可以看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品尝到的。
2、Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biologicalcharacteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms污染可以定义为大气、水或者土壤在物理、化学或者生物方面的特征所产生的不愉快的变化，它对人类的健康、生存和活动或者其他的有机体都产生了有害的影响。
3、Two examples of interaction between systems that cause major environmental disturbances arepresented-the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a global problem, and the acid rain problem, normally of regional nature目前大气中二氧化碳的增多，是一个全球性的问题，还有酸雨问题，一般来说它都具有一定的区域特性，这就是两个关于系统之间的相互联系而产生重大环境问题的例子。
4、With these improvements, however, have come disturbing side effects, such as lost arable land,disappearing forests, environmental pollution, and new organisms resistant to controls.经过这些进步，尽管还是有一些破坏性的影响，例如耕地、森林的消失，环境的污染和新的生物反抗的控制5、Both phenomena, urbanization and industrialization, were and are fundamental causes of water andair pollution which the cities of that time were unable to handle.城市化和工业化两者的现象，是过去和现在水污染和大气污染的根本原因，在过去这些城市是处理不了的6、Rapid advances in technology for the treatment of water and the partial treatment of wastewatertook place in the developed countries over the next few decades.在接下来的几十年理发达国家，在水治理和部分废水治理技术方面都取得了快速的进展。