最新环境科学与工程专业英语重点翻译
环境工程专业英语翻译(中英对照)
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
(完整版)(整理)环境工程专业英语翻译(中英对照)
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
环境科学与工程专业英语词汇必备
环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11 大类。
环境学总论原生环境 primary environment 次生环境 secondary environment生态示范区 ecological demonstrate area环境地质学 environmental geology环境地球化学 environmental geo-chemistry环境土壤学environmental soil science环境微生物学 environmental microbiology 环境危机 environmental crisis环境保护 environmental protection环境展望 environmental forecasting环境自净environmental self-purification环境效应 environmental effect 环境容量 environmental capacity环境演化 evolution of environment环境酣畅度 environmental comfort环境背景值（本底值）environmental background value环境保护产业（环保产业）environmental production industry环境壁垒（绿色壁垒） environmental barrier绿色革命green revolution可连续发展sustainable development第三类环境问题（社会环境问题）the third environmental problem悬浮物 suspended solids一次污染物 primary pollutant 二次污染物 secondary pollutant 全球性污染 global pollution 排污收费 pollution charge可更新资源 renewable resources不可以更新资源 non-renewableresources自然保护区 natural reserve area防范林 protection forest公害 public nuisance矿山公害 mining nuisance工业废水 industrial waste water矿山废水 mining drainage生活饮用水 domestic potable water草原退化 grassland degeneration沙漠化 desertification人口压力 population pressure人口净增率 rate of population全球环境监测系统 global environment monitoring system GEMS中国环境保护工作目标 Chinese policy for environment protection“三同时”原则principle of“the threeat the same time”二噁英公害 dioxine nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件 disaster in Meuse Valley多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora伦敦烟雾事件 disaster in London水俣病事件 minamata disease incident骨痛病事件 itai-itai disaster incident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件 Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈 hydrosphere最低水位lowest water level 水循环 water circulation平均水位average water level 地面水（地表水）surface water警戒水位warning water level 水位 water level流速flow velocity下渗（入渗）sinking流量discharge蒸发 evaporation洪水期flood season最高水位highest water level枯水期low-water season冲刷 washout含水层 aquifer隔水层（不透水层） aquiclude透水层 permeable stratum 层间水 interlayer water承压水（有压层间水）confined water或自流水 artesian water孔隙水 void water岩溶水（喀斯特水）karst water径流 runoff flow地表径流runoff地下水 ground water流域保护 water basin protection淡水 fresh water 咸水 saltwater降水 precipitation积淀降水量 amount of precipitation降水强度intensity of precipitation水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失（土壤损害）soil and water loss 点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散 diffusion涡流 eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水 eutrophic waste-water污水 sewage漫灌 flood irritation水底聚积物（底质或底泥） benthal deposit 总固体 total solids悬浮固体 suspended solids总溶解固体 total dissolved solids河流复氧常数 constantof river reoxygenation湖泊酸化 lake acidification富营养化 eutrophication富营养湖 eutrophic lake中营养湖 mesotrophic lake贫营养湖 oligotrophic lake水库 reservoir海洋办理 sea disposal海底采样 sea floor sample赤潮（红潮） red tide海水淡化 desalination of seawater海底聚积物 sea bottom sediment 海洋倾倒ocean dumping水质 water quality水资源综合利用 water resource integrated utilization水土保持 soil and water conservation河流整改 channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollution toxicity水利工程 hydro-engineering水体自净 self-purification of water body 水环境保护功能区（水质功能区）functional district of water environment土地办理系统 land treatment system土地沙漠化 land desertification土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化） soil salination土壤酸化 soil acidification母质（土壤母质或成土母质）parent material土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用 buffering/buffer action缓冲剂 buffering agent/buffer 缓冲容量 buffer capacity盐基饱和度 base saturation percentage灌溉 irrigation富里酸 fuvic acid胡敏素 humin土壤聚会体soil aggregate土壤退化（土壤困穷化） soil degeneration土壤地带性 soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层 ozone layer降水 precipitation降水量 rainfall降水强度 precipitation intensity大气环境容量 atmospheric environmental capacity事后议论afterwards assessment烟尘除掉 elimination of smoke and dust 温室效应 greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽（烟流或羽流）plume逆温 inversion环境生物学生境 habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物检测bioassay环境威胁environmental stress生物多样性bio-diversity生态位 niche生命周期life cycle生态型 ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增添exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生 parasitism衍生物 derivative杀虫剂 insecticide杀菌剂 fungicide除草剂 herbicide防腐剂 preservative杀鼠剂 rodenticide无残留农药 non-persistent pesticide植物性农药 phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地 world natural and historical heritage site 储量 stock过分捕获 over-hunting; over-fishing猎（渔）期 open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮 red tide藻花 algae bloom/ 水花 water bloom 原生污染物 primary pollutant次生污染物 secondary pollutant急性毒性实验 acute toxicity test慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验 screening test; range-findingtest; preliminary test 稀释 dilution归宿 fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解 biological degradation;biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种 sensitive species; intolerantorganism耐污种 tolerant species生物滤池biological filter净化塘 / 氧化塘 / 生物塘 purification pond生物膜 biomembrane; biological film轮作 crop rotation间作 intercropping套种 interplanting基塘模式 farm land and fish pond model防范林带 shelter belt沼气 marsh gas农家肥 farm manure堆肥 piled manure城市热岛效应 urban heat island effect 城市生态规划 urban ecological planning环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals;endocrine disruptors边缘效应edge effect生态恢复 ecological restoration 恢复生态学 restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞 methyl mercury有机磷农药 organophosphorous pesticide 镉米 cadmium rice氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide 农药残留 pesticide residue拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide 有机氯农药 organochlorine pesticide植物生长调治剂growth regulator化学致癌物 chemical carcinogen表面活性剂 surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs多环芳烃类 polyaromtic hydrocarbon;PAH 催化（催化作用） catalysis臭氧化 ozonization光化学氧化剂 photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate；PAN 干沉降 dry deposition湿沉降 wet deposition光化学烟雾 photochemical smog大气光化学 atmospheric photochemistry降水化学 precipitation chemistry气溶胶化学 aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物 suspended particulate总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulates(TSP)飘尘（可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘）airborne particle降尘（落尘）dustfall；falling dust气溶胶 aerosol水质 water quality盐度 salinity氧化还原电位 oxidation-reduction potential ； redox potential溶解氧 dissolved oxygen化学需氧量 chemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand 总有机碳 total organic carbon溶解度 solubility齐聚 aggregation絮凝 flocculation凝聚 coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取 extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式（氧垂曲线） oxygen balance model吸取剂 ( 吸附剂 )absorbent活性炭 active carbon氧化剂 oxidant还原剂 reductant胶团 micelle胶体溶液colloidal solution脱硫剂 desulfurization agent 电渗析 electrodialysis萃取剂 extracting agent过滤 filter絮凝剂 flocculant ； flocculating agent 无机絮凝剂 inorganic flocculant有机高分子絮凝剂 organic polymer flocculant中和法 neutralization反浸透膜 reverse osmosis membrane硅胶 silica gel蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation超滤膜 ultrafilter membrane矫捷度 sensitivity正确度 accuracy精美度 precision可靠性 reliability检测限 detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error有时误差accidental error平均误差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance赞同误差allowable error赞同浓度 allowable concentration微量解析 microanalysis痕量解析trace analysis现场解析in-situ analysis仪器解析 instrumental analysis 水质解析 water quality analysis 比色解析 colorimetric analysis 沉降解析 sedimentation analysis自动解析automatic analysis原子吸取分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸取分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法 atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪 atomic fluorescence spectrometer电化学解析法 electrochemical method 高效液相色谱法 high performance liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performance liquidchromatograph气相色谱解析 gas chromatography气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph 采样器 sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH 计 pH meter湿度计 hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution搬动大气污染源mobile sources of airpollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution搬动式水污染源 mobile sources of water pollution污染负荷pollution load污染源检查 survey of pollution sources无污染工艺 pollution-free technology 无污染装置 pollution-freeinstallation污染物总量控制 total amount control of pollution水质参数 water quality parameter水温 water temperature色度 color index透明度 transparency污浊度 turbidity硬度 hardness感官污介入标sensuous pollution index毒理学污介入标physical pollution index 化学污介入标chemical pollution index细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index毒理学污介入标toxicological pollutionindex城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水industrial wastewater老例解析指标 index of routine analysis环境监测 environmental monitoring 过程监测 course monitoring污染物排放标准 pollution discharge standard总量排放标准 total amount of pollution discharge standard 优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant总固体 total solids可吸入微粒 ( 可吸入尘和飘尘 )inhale particles浊度计 turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality conrol空白实验值blank value平行样 duplicate samples再现性 ( 重现性 )reproducibility重复性 repeatability回收率 recovery rate检出限 detection limit冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorption method紫外吸取光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量解析gravimetric analysis内标法 internal marker method定性解析qualitative analysis定量解析quantitive analysis试样前办理pre-treatment均值 mean value标准差 standard error方差 variation回归解析regression analysis相关解析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient系统误差systematic error随机误差random error有效数字valid figure农药残留解析pesticide residue analysis 排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution水体自净 self-purification of water body 水土保持 soil and water conservation水土流失 soil erosion土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解 photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射 ( 光)visible radiation相对湿度relative humidity红外线 infrared ray饱和度saturation ratio紫外线 ultraviolet ray冷凝condensation灭菌灯 bactericidal lamp露点温度dew point temperature 光污染 light pollution热辐射thermal radiation噪声污染noise pollution比热specific heat混响 reverberation空气调治air conditioning听力损失hearing loss通风ventilation绝对湿度absolute humidity环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated preventionand control of pollution环境功能区划 environmental function zoning稀释比 dilution ratio迁移 transfer紊流扩散 turbulent diffusion氧亏 ( 亏氧量 )oxygen deficit复氧 reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线 dissolved-oxygen sag curve饱和溶解氧 saturated dissolved无污染燃料 pollution-free fuel燃烧 combustion空气－燃料比 air-to-fuel ratio烟气解析 analysis of flue gas煤的综合利用 comprehensive utilizationof coal气布比 air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning静电除尘 electrostatic precipitator (ESP)高压脉冲静电除尘器 pulse charging electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器 wet electrostatic precipitator双区静电除尘器（两段式电除尘器）重力喷雾洗涤器 gravitational spray 脱硫 desulfurization除尘效率 particle collection efficiency切割粒径 cut diameter for particles压力损失（压力降）pressure drop机械除尘器 mechanical collector重力沉降室 gravity settling chamber惯性除尘器 inertial dust separator旋风除尘器 cyclone collector回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector过滤除尘器 filter袋式除尘器 bag house滤料 filtration media电晕放电 corona discharge驱进速度 drift velocity集尘极 collecting electrode板间距 distance between collecting electrodes电极清灰 removal of collected particlefrom electrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitatortwo-stage electrostatic precipitator湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates scrubber旋风冲洗器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器 ]cyclone spray scrubber泡沫冲洗塔 foam tower scrubber 填料床冲洗器 packed bed scrubber 文丘里冲洗器 venturi scrubber双膜理论two-film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂 catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD)湿法脱硫 wet process of FGD石灰－石灰石法脱硫desulfurization bylime and limestone氨吸取法脱硫 ammonia process of FGD干法脱硫 dry process FGD吸取法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by absorption水吸取法脱氮 control of NO by absorptionxprocess with water酸吸取法脱氮 control of NO x by absorption process with acid碱吸取法脱氮 control of x NOby absorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by adsorption分子筛吸附法脱氮 control of NO byx立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular gritsettling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeterflow grit settling tank重力排砂 grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器 hydraulic cyclone积淀池 settling tank重力积淀池 gravity settling tank浓缩式积淀池 thickening settling tank竖流折板絮凝池 vertical table flap flocculating tank机械搅拌絮凝池 mechanical mixing flocculating tank加压溶气气浮法 pressure dissolved-air floatation adsorption process with molecular sieve 硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with silica gel气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of oder集气罩 capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emmission干净生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水 electroplating wastewater给水办理厂 water treatment plant 污水办理厂 wastewater treatment给水（污水）办理修筑物water（sewage）treatment structure污水集水井swage joining well废水调治池wastewater flow equalization basin格栅 grill筛网 grid screen沉砂池 grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settlingtank斜板（斜管）沉淀池sloping plank(pipe)settling tank辐流式积淀池radial settling tank平流式积淀池 horizontal settling tank竖流式积淀池 vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier颗粒自由沉降 particle free sediment絮凝沉降 flocculation sedimentation拥挤沉降 hindered sedimentation 气浮池 floatation basin微电解法micro electroanalysis过滤池 filter重力过滤法 gravity filtration process 压力过滤法 pressure filtration process 真空过滤法 vacuum filtration process快滤池 rapid filtration慢滤池 slow filtration接触滤池 contact filter双向滤池 bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池 double layer filter无阀滤池 non-valve filter虹吸滤池 siphon filter压力滤池 pressure filterV 型滤池 aquazur V-filter砂滤 sand filtration微滤机 microstrainer滤池冲刷强度backwashing intensity of filter滤层 filter material layer滤料承托层 holding layer for filter material斜板隔油积淀池oil trap with slope plank 冷却塔 cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process反应池 reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer膜分别法 membrane separation method节余污泥 surplus sludge初次积淀池primary sedimentation basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容积指数sludge velum index污泥负荷volume loading纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator机械曝气装置mechanical aerator曝气时间aeration time污泥龄 sludge age活性污泥培养activated sludge culture活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨胀sludge bulking 半浸透膜 semi-permeable membrane电渗析 electrodialysis反浸透 reverse osmosis离子交换膜 ion exchange membrane萃取 extraction汽提 stripping吹脱法 blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分别法 magnetic isolation method 光催化氧化 optical catalysis oxidation 消融水办理 softening water treatment石灰－纯碱消融法 lime-sodium carbonate softening method废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法 activated sludge process回流污泥 return sludge曝气池 aeration推流式曝气池 plug-flow aeration basin 一般活性污泥法 conventional activatedsludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法 extended aeration method加速曝气法 accelerant aeration method深井曝气法 deep well aeration method鼓风曝气装置blast aerator射流曝气设备efflux aerator表面曝气装置surface aerator生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high-loading biologicalfilter水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池 tower biological filer生物转盘 biological rotating disc 生物流化床 biological fluidized bed活性生物滤池 activated biofilter化粪池 septic tank污水硝化脱氮办理 nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理 nitrogen removal from wastewater by denitrification污水硝化—反硝化脱氮处理n itrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地办理系统 land treatment system氧化塘 oxidation pond好氧塘 aerobic pond兼性塘 facultative pond厌氧塘 anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT-IAT工艺demand aeration tankintermittent aeration tank system( 需氧池－间歇池 )A /O 工艺 anoxic/ oxic1A2/O 工艺 anaerobic oxicPhostrip工艺 phostriop processBardenpho 工艺 Bardenpho process Phoredox 工艺 Phoredox processUCT工艺 university of cape townVIP 工艺 Virginia initiative plant厌氧生物滤池(AF)anaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest 序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor氧化沟 oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludge blanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor消毒 disinfection灭菌 sterilization加氯机 chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection b ybleachingpowder紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays 加氯消毒 disinfection by chlorine液氯 liquified chlorine gas需氯量 chlorine demand余氯 chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual化合性余氯 combined chlorine residual折点加氯 chlorination breakpoint过氧化氢消毒 disinfection by hydrogenperoxide除味 taste removal除臭 odor removal脱色 decoloration生污泥 undigested sludge熟污泥 digested sludge污泥办理disposal of sludge污泥综合利用comprehensive utilizationof sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥消化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干化sludge drying污泥燃烧sludge incineration真空过滤机脱水dewatering byvacuumfilter板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate framepress filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering byrollpress带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt pressfilter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatment高温消化办理high temperature digestive treatment污泥堆肥发酵办理sludge composting and fermentation污泥浓缩池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tank污泥产气率 gas production rate of sludge 污泥干化场 sludge drying bed固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumpingofmunicipal solid wastes助燃空气系统 air injection system城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法 sanitary余热利用 heat utilizationlandfilling of municipal solid wastes燃烧灰渣 ash城市生活垃圾焚烧法 incineration of水泥固化技术 cement solidification municipal solid wastes石灰固化 lime solidification城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal沥青固化技术 asphalt solidificationsolid wastes固体废物预办理 preliminary treatment of 城市生活垃圾收集 collection of solid wastesmunicipal solid wastes破碎 crushing of solid wastes垃圾收费 refuse taxing筛分 screening of solid wastes废电池 used battery风力分选 wind separation有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial放射性固体废物 radioactive solid waste wastes声级计 sound level meter医疗废物 health care wastes消声室 anechoic room; anechoic chamber;堆肥 composting dead room填埋场 landfill混响室 reverberation room渗滤液 leachate treatment隔声 sound insulation燃烧炉 incineration furnaces吸声 muffler环境卫生学 environmental hygiene 环境毒理学 environmental toxicology 口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease流行病学epidemiology地方病 endemic disease氟斑牙 dental fluorosis职业病 occupational disease慢性毒性 chronic toxicity 急性毒性 acute toxicity致癌物 carcinogen变异 variation病原体 pathogen抗体 antibody抗原 antigen突变 mutation病毒 virus存储器官storage organ致突变作用mutagenesis致畸作用teratogenesis环境医学致癌作用carcinogensis摄入量 intake dose吸取量 absorbed dose卫生标准health standard最高容许浓度 maximum permissibleconcentration致死量 lethal dose半致死浓度median lethalconcentration(LD50)剂量－反应关系dose-responserelationship恶臭 offensive odor共同作用synergism拮抗作用antagonism因果关系cause-effect relationship相关关系correlation阈限值 threshold limit value(TLV)高危人群population at high risk易感人群susceptible populatio环境管理学环境管理学environmental management环境合适度environmental suitability science环境区划environmental zoning环境伦理学environmental ethics环境展望environmental forecasting环境质量管理management of环境质量评价environmental quality environmental quality evaluation环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境规划environmental planning环境决策分析 environmental decision analysis总量控制total discharge control of pollutant浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registration of pollutant discharge排污许可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察 environmental supervision and management环境宣传教育 environmental propagandaand education环境意识 environmental consciousness 环境质量报告书 report on environmentalquality环境影响评价报告书report on environmental impact assessment公众建议听证会 public hearing循环经济 cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principle of giving priority to pollution prevention,combining prevention and control, and integratedcontrol全面现划、合理布局原则principle ofoverall planning and rational layout谁污染谁治理 polluter-treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle ofcomprehensive utilization and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinateddevelopment国家环境保护模范城市national environmental protection model city全国生态示范区 national ecologicaldemonstration area环境信息environmental information环境管理信息系统information system forenvironmental management环境专家系统environmentalexpert system环境监测 environment monitoring环境标志 environmental label 干净生产 cleaner production环境审计environmental audit产品生命周期life cycle of product环境法学环境法学 science of environmental law限时治理制度 system of eliminating and环境保护法 environmental protection law controlling environmental pollution 公害法 public nuisance law within a prescribed time环境行政法规 administrative regulations现场检查制度system of on-site of environment inspection环境部门规章 departmental rules of环境污染事故报告制度 system of environment environmental pollution accident 污染物排放标准 pollutant discharge reportingstandard《中华人民共和国环境保护法》“三同时”制度 three simultaneitysystem Environmental Protection Law of the 排污审报登记制度 declaration and People ’ s Republic of Chinaregistration system of pollution《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》law of discharge the People ’ s Republic of China on 排污许可证制度 permit system of prevention and control of water pollutant discharge pollution排污收费制度 system of effluent《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》law ofthe People ’ s Republic of China on《全国生态环境保护纲要》 national prevention and control of atmospheric compendiumoneco-environmentalpollution protection《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》地表水环境质量标准 environmental law of the People’ s Republic of China quality standard for surface wateron prevention and control of pollution地下水质量标准 quality standard for from environmental noise ground water《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法》农业灌溉水质标准standard for law of the People’ s Republic of China irrigation water qualityon prevention and control of污水综合排放标准 integrated wastewater environmental pollution by solid waste discharge standard《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》marine大气污染物综合排放标准 integrated environmentprotection law of the emission standard of air pollutantsPeople ’s Republic of China《全国生态环境建设规划》 nationaleco-environmental construction plan环境经济学循环经济模式 circular economy type牧童经济 the shepherd economy3R 原则 the rules of 3R(reducing, reusing, recycling)生态经济学 eco-economics 共有资源 common resources 外面经济性 external economics外面不经济性 external diseconomics外面成本 external cost边缘功能marginal utility边缘收益marginal benefit粗放经营extensive management集约经营intensive management自然资本 natural capital公正 equity代际补偿compensation between generations绿色公民帐户green national account可连续发展sustainable development公共物品public goods环境保护贸易政策 trade policy for environmental protection绿色壁垒green tariff barrier国民生产总值gross national production(GNP)国民生产净值net national production(NNP)公民收入national income 环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution elasticity回收率 reuse rate物质平衡material balance物料衡算 material balance counting影子价格 shadow price 现行价格present price 贴现 discount机遇成本opportunity cost运行花销operation cost城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratio环境效益environmental benefit成本效益解析cost and benefit analysis环境花销environmental cost排污权交易marketable pollution permits 生态踪影the ecological footprint环境税 environmental tax资源财富assets of resource资源产权property right of resource最低安全标准 minimum standard of security代际公正 equality between generation尾端控制 terminal control公地的悲剧 tragedy of the public pasture 中间产品 intermediate product 最后产品 final product直接污染物产生 / 排放系数 direct ratepollutant generation/discharge人口计划生育率 populationplanning coefficient fertility rate累积污染物产生 / 排放系数 cumulate平均寿命 average lifepollutant generation/discharge人口年龄金字塔 population age pyramid coefficient人口老化 population aging排污收费 charge from discharge pollutant人口节余 over-population污染者负担原则polluter pay principle人口爆炸 population explosion资源税 resource tax计划生育 family planning人口出生率 population birth rate人口统计 population statistics人口死亡率 population mortality rate人口普查 population census人口自然增添率population nature growth环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式 multi-disciplinary model of environmental education 跨学科环境教育模式 inter-disciplinary model of environmental education中学环境教育大纲 environmental education standard for secondary school环境教育活动的设计 design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参加public participation环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmental educators initiative of china。
环境工程专业英语翻译(中英对照)
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
环境科学与工程专业英语翻译
环境科学与工程专业英语翻译第四单元阅读材料：Reading Material : Analytical Technique and Methodology第八单元：空气污染物的来源和类型第八单元 Reading Material : Type andSources of Air Pollutants [ II J阅读材料：空气污染物的类型和来源（Ⅱ）What are PCBs?什么是多氯联苯？There are 209 possible chlorinated biphenyls, ranging in physical characteristics. 大概有209种氯化联苯，其物理性质不同。
The mono-and dichloro biphenyls ( 27323-18-8), ( 25512-42-9) are colorless crystalline compounds that when burned in air give rise to soot and hydrogenchloride. 一氯联苯和二氯联苯（27323-18-8），（25512-42-9）是无色晶体的化合物，当它们在空气中燃烧会产生烟尘和氯化氢。
The most important products aretrichlorobiphenyls,tetrachlorobiphenyls, pentachlorobiphenyls and/ or hexachlorobiphenyls. 最重要的产品是三氯化联苯，四氯联苯，五氯联苯和/或六氯联苯。
Chlorinated biphenyls are soluble in many organic solvents and in water only in the ppm range. 多氯联苯可溶于有机溶剂和仅在水的百万分之一ppm（part per million）的范围内溶解。
环境科学与工程专业英语部分课文翻译(3、8、10、15、16、19、23)
Unit 3 What is Waste Reduction/Waste Minimization?什么是废物减量化，废物最少化美国花费了大量的时间在讨论像资源减量化，废物最小化，循环和阻止污染这些术语上，EPA已经提供了以下的定义。
资源减量化：减少在于一个过程中的大量废物的任何行为。
它包括，例如，过程调整，原料调整，提高管理和回收内在循环。
废物最少化：产生的废物最大程度减少，然后处理，存储，或者处置。
它包括了被导致了只要减量化与现在或将来威胁到人类健康和环境的最小化的目标一致的总容量或废物数量的减少或者废物毒性的减少，或者两方面兼备的发生器承担任何资源减量化或循环的活动。
回收：作为一个商业产品的代替品，或作为一个工业过程的原料的利用或再利用。
它包括了废物的有用的小部分或来自允许再用的去除了污染物的废物的在现场或离开现场的回收利用。
污染的防止：污染可能在生产过程之中产生，或者在当一个产品被用作商业用途或被消费者使用的时候产生。
这样可能在三个方式上被阻止：改变投入/减少依赖有毒物或有害的原材料；改变过程/增加效率/提高类似设备修改的维修保养，更好的管理，在过程中闭环循环；或者改变产出/减小对有毒或者有害产品的依赖。
随着1984年危险废物和固体废物修正案资源保护和恢复法的通过，美国国会建立一个国家政策来表明回收或消除危险废物的产生重要性。
美国国会宣称它是一项无论在美国哪里都可行的国家政策，要尽可能迅速地回收或消除危险废物的产生。
然而产生的废物还是应被处理、储存或处置，从而尽量减少现在和将来对人类健康和环境的威胁。
在1990年，美国国会通过污染防治法，建立了一个全国废物管理政策。
表明第一污染应该被预防或回收；;第二，废物应该用一种环保安全的方式进行循环利用；第三，废物应该被处理;最后，废物应该被除去或降解到环境。
在美国，随着这些和其他环境法规的通过，废物最少化成为一种重要的工作理念.废物回收/废物最少化技术同时，对于一些特定的工厂，废物最少化的当然是在具体的工厂或在实地，能用的技术能被分为以下主要几类：●product changes产品改变●process changes过程改变●equipment modifications设备改造●operating practices操作训练●recycling and reuse回收和再利用在实践中，尽量减少废物的机会是有限的，只有被工厂人员的聪明才智所利用. 这种技术已经被运用与大数量的工业和工业化生产过程，同时也被应用于有危险性和非危险性的废物。
环境科学与工程专业英语翻译
第四单元阅读材料：Reading Material : Analytical Technique and Methodology第八单元：空气污染物的来源和类型第八单元 Reading Material : Type and Sources of Air Pollutants [ II J 阅读材料：空气污染物的类型和来源（Ⅱ）What are PCBs?什么是多氯联苯？There are 209 possible chlorinated biphenyls, ranging in physical characteristics. 大概有209种氯化联苯，其物理性质不同。
The mono-and dichloro biphenyls ( 27323-18-8), ( 25512-42-9) are colorless crystalline compounds that when burned in air give rise to soot and hydrogen chloride. 一氯联苯和二氯联苯（27323-18-8），（25512-42-9）是无色晶体的化合物，当它们在空气中燃烧会产生烟尘和氯化氢。
The most important products aretri-chlorobiphenyls,tetrachlorobiphenyls, pentachlorobiphenyls and/ or hexachlorobiphenyls. 最重要的产品是三-氯化联苯，四氯联苯，五氯联苯和/或六氯联苯。
Chlorinated biphenyls are soluble in many organic solvents and in water only in the ppm range. 多氯联苯可溶于有机溶剂和仅在水的百万分之一ppm （part per million）的范围内溶解。
环境工程专业英语翻译(中英对照)
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
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第二单元What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able to quantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complex interactions between human activities and nature 我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，but which are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
Interaction of Systems互动系统A number of different environmental problems are associated with water, air, or land systems. 许多不同的环境问题都涉及到水，空气，或土壤。
Many of these problems will apply only within one of these systems, justifying the breakdown into these categories.许多这些问题只适用于在其中一个系统，这为这些种类中的细目分类提供了充分的理由。
Such a classification is also useful for easier comprehension of related problems within one system.这种分类也有助于更容易理解一个系统里的相关问题。
Moreover, it is sensible because, for manager and administrative reasons, such subfields as air pollution, water supply, wastewater disposal, and solid waste disposal are often dealt with separately by governmental agencies.此外，这样做是明智的，因为是行政管理的原因，空气污染，水供应，固体废物处置和废水处理，往往是由政府机构分别处理的。
Unfortunately, many important environmental problems are not confined to an air, water, or land system, but involve interactions between systems.很遗憾的是，许多重要的环境问题不只局限于一个空气，水，或土壤系统，更涉及系统之间的相互作用。
A current example is the acid rain problem stemming from the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases into the atmosphere from the stacks of generating stations, smelters, and automobile exhausts。
目前的一个例子是酸雨问题，根源是许多发电站，冶炼，汽车排出的废气中进入大气的二氧化硫和氮氧化物气体。
These gases are then transported by air currents over wide regions.这些气体被气流运送到广阔的区域。
Rainfall “washes them out”, creating acid rain which is harmful to aquatic life, forests, and agricultural crops.雨水“将它们洗去”，产生了对水生生物，森林和农作物有害的酸雨。
Two examples of interaction between systems that cause major environmental disturbances are presented-the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a global problem, and the acid rain problem, normally of regional nature.两个有关于系统间相互作用引起的环境问题有：空气中的二氧化碳的增加的全球性问题以及具有第三单元Pollution prevention: Pollution may be generated during manufacturing, or when certain products are used commercially or by consumers.污染的防止：污染可能在生产过程之中产生，或者在当一个产品被用作商业用途或被消费者使用的时候产生。
This may be prevented in three ways: changing inputs/reducing reliance on toxic or hazardous raw materials; process changes /increasing efficiency/improved maintenance such as equipment modifications, better housekeeping, in-process closed-loop recycling; or changing outputs/reducing reliance on toxic or hazardous products.这样可能在三个方式上被阻止：改变投入/减少依赖有毒物或有害的原材料；改变过程/增加效率/提高类似设备修改的维修保养，更好的管理，在过程中闭环循环；或者改变产出/减小对有毒或者有害产品的依赖。
With the passage of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in 1984, the U.S. Congress established a national policy declaring the importance of reducing or eliminating the generation of hazardous waste.随着1984年危险废物和固体废物修正案资源保护和恢复法的通过，美国国会建立一个国家政策来表明回收或消除危险废物的产生重要性。
The Congress hereby declares it to be a national policy of United States that wherever feasible, the generation of hazardous waste is to be reduced or eliminated as expeditiously as possible. 美国国会宣称它是一项无论在美国哪里都可行的国家政策，要尽可能迅速地回收或消除危险废物的产生。
Waste that is nevertheless generated should be treated, stored, or disposed of soas to minimize present and future threat to human health and the environment.然而产生的废物还是应被处理、储存或处置，从而尽量减少现在和将来对人类健康和环境的威胁。
In 1990, the U.S. Congress passed the Pollution Prevention Act, establishing a hierarchy of waste management as national policy; stating that first pollution should be prevented or reduced wherever feasible; 在1990年，美国国会通过污染防治法，建立了一个全国废物管理政策。