天津大学考博英语必备语法解析
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析 10
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析1.I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life",and making the alternative move into "downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.[参考译文]或许正像凯尔西在不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《她》杂志社的编辑一职之后一样，我已经发现，放弃那种"为生活忙碌"的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)2.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late'80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift,in Britain,at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance,we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.[参考译文]在美国，这一返朴趋势是以经济衰落的反应为开始的--那是在80年代末期裁员而引起大量的失业之后一一现在依然与提倡节俭的政纲相:关;而在英国，最起码在我所熟识的中产阶级返朴归隐者中，追求简约;生活的原因就多种多样了。
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析3
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析1.In the past year,however,software companies have developed tools that allow companies to"push"information directly out to consumers,transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.[参考译文]但是，在过去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，使得公司可以直接将信息"推出"给顾客，直接把营销讯息传递给目标顾客。
2.The examples of Virtual Vineyards,,and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity,hospitality,and security will attract online customers.[参考译文]像Virtual Vineyards，这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、热情服务和安全性合理结合以销售同类商品的网址是可以吸引网上客户注意的。
3.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students'career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) [参考译文]有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑而辩，有些人为教育的彻底改革中更为广泛的理由为教室里放置电脑而辩，这两群人之间有一条无形的界线。
考博英语语法
考博英语语法Here is an essay on the topic "Preparing for the Graduate School English Exam: Grammar" with more than 1000 words:Preparing for the graduate school English exam can be a daunting task especially when it comes to the grammar section which is often considered one of the most challenging components. Grammar is the foundation of any language and mastering it is crucial not only for acing the exam but also for effective communication in both academic and professional settings. In this essay we will delve into the key aspects of grammar that aspirants need to focus on and discuss effective strategies to strengthen their command over the English language.One of the primary areas that the graduate school English exam often tests is the understanding of parts of speech. Identifying nouns verbs adjectives adverbs prepositions conjunctions and pronouns and comprehending their role in sentence construction is vital. Aspirants need to be well-versed in distinguishing between the different parts of speech and understanding their functions. For instance being able to identify a noun as the subject of a sentence or a verb as the action performed is essential. Similarly knowing whento use a particular pronoun such as I me my mine we us our ours etc. can make a significant difference in the coherence and accuracy of one's writing.Another crucial aspect of grammar covered in the exam is sentence structure. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their ability to construct grammatically correct sentences with proper subject-verb agreement noun-pronoun agreement and parallel structure. Evaluating whether a sentence is simple compound complex or compound-complex and understanding the appropriate usage of each type is crucial. Identifying and correcting errors in sentence structure such as dangling modifiers run-on sentences and sentence fragments is also a common requirement.Tense and voice are two other critical components of grammar that are extensively tested. Aspirants need to have a firm grasp on verb tenses such as present past future perfect and progressive and be able to use them accurately in their writing. Understanding the active and passive voice and knowing when to use each is equally important. Mastering the appropriate usage of verb tenses and voice can elevate the sophistication and clarity of one's writing.Punctuation rules are another area that deserves attention. Knowing how to correctly use periods commas semicolons colons apostrophes and quotation marks can make a substantial differencein the flow and readability of a text. Improper punctuation can lead to ambiguity and disruption in the intended meaning. Hence aspirants must familiarize themselves with the standard punctuation conventions and practice applying them consistently in their writing.In addition to the above-mentioned grammar aspects the graduate school English exam may also test candidates' understanding of idiomatic expressions phrasal verbs and other nuances of the language. Being able to recognize and use these linguistic elements appropriately can showcase a deeper level of language proficiency.To prepare effectively for the grammar section of the graduate school English exam aspirants should adopt a multifaceted approach. First and foremost they need to thoroughly review the fundamental grammar rules and concepts. This can be achieved by studying grammar textbooks online resources and practice materials. It is also beneficial to take practice tests and quizzes to identify one's strengths weaknesses and areas that require more attention.Furthermore engaging in extensive reading of high-quality academic and literary works can significantly enhance one's familiarity with correct grammar usage. Observing how professional writers employ various grammatical structures and applying those learnings in one's own writing can be a powerful strategy. Regular writing practice is also crucial as it allows aspirants to put their grammar knowledgeinto action and receive feedback for improvement.Another effective technique is to participate in peer review activities where candidates can exchange their written work and provide constructive feedback to one another. This not only helps identify grammar-related errors but also fosters a deeper understanding of the subject through discussions and explanations.Additionally aspirants can consider seeking guidance from experienced tutors or joining grammar-focused study groups. These resources can provide personalized feedback targeted exercises and invaluable insights that may be difficult to obtain through self-study alone.In conclusion the grammar section of the graduate school English exam is a critical component that requires meticulous preparation. By developing a strong foundation in parts of speech sentence structure tenses voice and punctuation rules and consistently practicing the application of these concepts aspirants can enhance their chances of excelling in this pivotal exam. With a multifaceted approach that combines thorough review extensive reading targeted practice and collaborative learning the journey towards mastering English grammar can be a rewarding and enriching experience.。
考研考博英语十二大基础语法体系
徐绽考研英语十二大基础语法体系第一部分英语动词的时态（一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异：英语的词类与汉语的不同。
汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。
英语就不同了，book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。
动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。
有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。
同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。
（二）英语动词的形式：英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。
因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。
英语的实义动词有以下五种形式：(1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。
主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。
(2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。
(3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。
(4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。
(5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。
与名词变复数形式相同，读音也相同。
动词过去式和过去分词，大多数是动词原形+ ed 构成，这是规则动词。
规则动词的拼写和读音规则如下表：不规则动词的过去式和过去分词有其特殊变化形式，需要个别记忆，同时也要善于发现不规则中的规则，即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。
如：weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swep t为了学习的方便，人们把时间分为四个阶段：“现在、过去、将来、过去将来”。
英语动词所表示的动作在以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。
因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。
（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。
比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时；在“They have done their exercises.”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have done的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现在完成时；在“They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。
考博英语语法重点总结(3)
考博辅导：考博英语语法重点总结（3）过去分词与形容词的语义差：1.Destructive:causing damage to people or thingsthe destructive power of modern weaponsDamaged: being in a bad stateemotionally damaged children2.Respected:admired by many because of achievementsHe’s one of the most respected managers in the game.Respectful: feeling or showing respectThey listened in respectful silence.3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights.Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother.Lovable: a sweet lovable childLovely: We had a lovely holiday.6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea windsTolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford.虚拟语气非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
考博英译汉技巧总结
考博英译汉技巧总结1.英汉语言的异同1.1. 英语是形合：需要使用连词或连接词来表达各个部分的逻辑关系；中文就是意思合：句与句之间的逻辑关系“隐含”于上下文之间。
如果汉语使用形合句，则显得语气庄重、措辞严谨。
1.2. 在语序方面，主谓宾语的位置相对相似。
然而，状语和定语的位置是不同的。
状语：英语可以放在主句前或后，汉语一般放在主句前。
状语顺序方面，英语：方式状语+地点状语+时间状语；汉语：时间状语+地点状语+方式状语。
定语：汉语大部分在修饰词的前面，英语的状语可以在修饰词的前（形容词）或者后（定语从句）。
英语多长句、松散句（中心在句首），汉语多短句、圆周句（中心在句尾）。
1.3. 英语中常用名词，汉语中常用动词。
因此，英语中的名词需要翻译成动词词。
2.词语翻译的五大原则2.1.转换原则：将具有动词意味的名（形、介、副）词译成动词。
2.2. 具体原则：用更具体的词语翻译原文中的抽象或更抽象的词语。
2.3. 补充原则：补充原英语句子中省略的动词或其他省略部分。
2.4.减法原则：英语中的部分不需要翻译【冠词；充当主语的人称代词、作宾代词和所有格代词；连词（并列连词、复合句中的连词）；介词（表示时间和地点的英语介词可以省略在句首而不是句尾）。
2.5.重复原则：对上下文出现过的词加以重复的译法。
汉语多重复，英语多变改变一种是重复省略的名词、动词和代词。
第二个是重复对象。
为了清楚起见，英语句子中的两个动词共用一个宾语，宾语出现在第二个动词之后。
在汉语中，这样的宾语应该出现在每个动词后面。
第三，重复名词。
两个定语一起修饰名词；被定语从句修饰的名词。
3.名词从句的翻译技巧3.1.主语从句。
如果主语从句由what和where等代词引导，则通常按照原文的顺序翻译。
如果是受其指导的主语从句，主语从句的谓语应翻译成独立的句子，然后再翻译该从句。
itgoeswithoutsayingthatoxygenisthemostactiveelementintheatmosphere.不言而喻，氧是大气中最活泼的元素。
博士考试语法及作文技巧
2000-2003年考题分析2000. 3实词: 11v. 4 (3个单词，1个短语) n. 4 (2个单词，2个搭配) adj. 3虚词: 7conj.: 1prep.:4 (1个单词, 3个词组) adv.: 2语法: 2(31,33)单词:短语：12:62001.3实词：19v.: 10 (3个单词, 6个短语) n.: 3adj.: 6 (5个单词,1个短语) 虚词: 1 (adv.)单词:短语：13:72002.3实词:16v.: 8 (4个单词,4个短语) n.:4 (2个单词,2个搭配) adj.:4虚词: 4 (介词短语)单词:短语：10:102002.10实词: 19v.: 9 (5个单词,4个短语) n.: 6adj.: 4虚词: 1 (介词短语)单词:短语：15:5一、动词动词及短语动词是博士生入学英语考试词汇部分的一个重要测试项目。
该项目对考生的测试点包括：1)动词的认知能力和辨别能力；2)动词用法的掌握程度；3)动词搭配关系的熟练程度。
据初步统计在硕士研究生入学考试5500个词汇中，大约有五分之一是动词及动词词组。
因此，掌握好这批词汇直接关系到能否通过博士生入学英语词汇部分的考试。
在动词部分中，考生首先应该具备较好的认知能力，即遇见一个动词后，能够较快地确定它的前两个或前三个词义。
如：evolve v.，第一个词义是“使发展”，第二个词义是“使进化”，第三个词义是“推论”。
在考试中，检查考生这一能力的题是比较多的；考生应该能够根据上下文确定动词的有关词义。
在具备认知能力的基础上，考生还需掌握这些词汇的基本用法。
如：forbid v. 后面不能用to smoke，只能用动词+ing的形式，即smoking；Occur v. (发生)，只能用于主动语态，不能以被动的形式出现。
最后，还要熟悉动词的基本搭配关系。
如：concentrate 和associate两个动词，其后面的介词一般只能是on和with。
考博英语语法重点总结
考博英语语法重点总结（供参考）一、独立主格特征1. 充当句子的状语。
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词4. With + 名词（代词）+ 分词(形容词）例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle).真题剖析(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them.45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do.8. A. is B. having C. being D. be二、虚拟语气1. （should）+动词原形It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式would rather +动词过去式真题剖析(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . …47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home.53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart.15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing.(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.)54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should三、非谓语动词动名词、分词、不定式。
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天津大学考博英语必备语法解析
简单句之所以简单是因为成分单一便于读者理解。
而四级阅读理解中，出题人为增加阅读难度，就会把几个谓语动词放在一个句子当中。
但是无论局势如何变化，英语句子本身就犹如一棵大树，只能有一个主干起支撑作用，其他起辅助作用。
解决方法：遇到多个谓语动词连用情况要分清主句谓语动词和从句的谓语动词。
剔除细枝末节之后，句子也就好理解了。
例如：
Scratchy throats,stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu(流感)may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.(2005.1).
解析：此句是由but引导的并列句。
前面一句话容易理解，谓语动词是spell,关键看后一句话。
but引导的句子黑体下划线是主语，该句子真正谓语动词是may make，如下面所示：
but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu(流感)may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.
翻译：喉咙发痒、鼻塞、浑身酸痛都令人痛苦，但是能够确定造成这种痛苦的根源是普通感冒还是流感，对这种痛苦能折磨你多就会起关键作用。
举例作为插入语(显著词such as;for example;including etc.).
插入语主要起补充或说明的作用，我们在进行快速阅读的时候通常会把它省略，即忽略不看。
但是，笔者在这里要提出的一点是，如果根据文章问题回原文定位句子时，如果定位的关键句子包含了以上插入语中的任何一种形式，则答案往往就在此处。
例如：
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)原文：Finally,other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid,material resources,and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.
考题：Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of.
A.instrumental support
rmational support.
C.social companionship
D.the strengthening of self-respect.
(1)Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose,runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually,and adults and teens often do not get a fever.(2005.1).
翻译：普通感冒患者的一些典型症状，如鼻塞、流鼻涕、喉咙发痒，发
作比较缓慢，成人和青少年患者一般不会有发热症状。
(2)And in general,flu symptoms including fever and chills,sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.(2005.1).
翻译：一般来说，流感症状包括发烧、发冷、喉咙发痒、浑身疼痛，比普通感冒的症状来得突然和猛烈。
注意：举例有时可以换成短语，如介词短语、不定式短语等等;还可以换成有两个破折号引起的插入语成分。
例如：
It is37years later.Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and jounals and to producing video materials on ASL and deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafénear the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution.(2004.6)时间过了37年。
现在Stoloe致力于撰写和编辑关于美国手语和聋哑人文化的书籍和杂志，以及制作相关的录像材料。
并列句连用使得句子变长(主谓宾都可以并列)
并列句是四级阅读理解中的主要句式。
出题人会把几个成分相同的并列句子，通过剔除多余成分从而使其合并为一个很长的句子解决方法：破解这样句子的关键是要弄清楚两个句子的逻辑关系，补全成分后重新还原为几个单独的句子即可。
例如：
To make matters worse for the government,it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office,and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines.(2004.6).
翻译：对政府来说，更糟糕的是，不久得知的消息是，王妃的安哥拉之行得到过外事办的批准，并且她事实上非常了解安哥拉的形势和英国政府关于地雷的政策。
相当于拆分成三个句子：
(1)To make matters worse for the government.
(2)It soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office.
(3)It soon emerged that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines.
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。