天津大学考博英语题型分析
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析3
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析1.In the past year,however,software companies have developed tools that allow companies to"push"information directly out to consumers,transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.[参考译文]但是，在过去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，使得公司可以直接将信息"推出"给顾客，直接把营销讯息传递给目标顾客。
2.The examples of Virtual Vineyards,,and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity,hospitality,and security will attract online customers.[参考译文]像Virtual Vineyards，这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、热情服务和安全性合理结合以销售同类商品的网址是可以吸引网上客户注意的。
3.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students'career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) [参考译文]有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑而辩，有些人为教育的彻底改革中更为广泛的理由为教室里放置电脑而辩，这两群人之间有一条无形的界线。
考博复试英语问题汇总
考博复试英语问题汇总
当准备参加考博复试时，面试官通常会问一系列关于英语的问题，以便评估你的英语水平和语言能力。
以下是一些可能会被问到的英语问题汇总：
1. 介绍自己，你可以被要求用英语进行自我介绍，包括个人背景、教育经历、工作经验以及个人兴趣爱好等。
2. 研究方向和兴趣，你可能会被问及你的研究方向和兴趣，以及你选择这个方向的原因。
3. 学术背景和成就，面试官可能会询问你的学术背景和成就，包括发表的论文、参与的项目等。
4. 个人看法和观点，你可能会被要求表达自己对于某一学术或社会问题的看法，并进行相关的讨论。
5. 英语能力，可能会有一些关于英语语法、词汇、阅读理解和写作能力的考察题目。
6. 学术交流能力，面试官可能会模拟学术交流的情境，要求你
用英语进行学术交流或者辩论。
7. 学术道德和诚信，可能会有一些关于学术道德和诚信的问题，以测试你的学术诚信意识。
以上这些问题只是一些可能会被问到的例子，具体问题会根据
学校和专业的不同而有所差异。
在准备考博复试时，建议你多加练习，准备充分，以确保能够从多个角度全面完整地回答面试官的问题。
祝你考试顺利！。
天津大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲
此项题目主要考查考生用不同的语言形式（句型）表达相同意义的能力。要求考生在理解原句意义的基础上，按照要求写出符合语法规则，且与原句意义相同或相近的句子，该部分共10题，每小题2分，共20分。
4、阅读理解
该部分考查考生理解书面英语的能力，其中包括理解具体信息、掌握文章大意、以及根据语境推断未知信息的能力。要求考生根据所提供的四篇文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳答案，该部分每篇文章约350词，共20题，每题1分，共20分。
天津大学博士研究生公共英语入学考试是学校为招收博士研究生而设置的选拔性考试。教育部颁布的《硕士、博士研究生英语教学大纲》规定："博士生入学其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的水平"。根据这一规定，并结合我校招收博士研究生的具体情况，要求博士生入学英语考试既考查考生的语言知识，更注重测试考生的语言应用能力。
一、考试方式
考试采用笔试方式。考试时间为180分钟，试卷满分为100分。
二、考试内容与试卷结构
试题共分为六个部分：听写、词汇与语法、句型转换、综合填空、阅读理解、写作。
1、听写
该部分主要测试考生听力理解的技能及对口头英语信息的短期记忆能力。要求考生听一篇英语短文，在理解的基础上将其中部分内容复写出来。录音材料播放四遍，第一遍和第四遍为正常语速，第二遍和第三遍为较慢速度的朗读，句际间有短暂停顿。听写的文章语言程度适中，大约300词。该项目所需时间约20分钟，共20分。
5、综合填空
该部分考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、短语和句子结构）的掌握程度，以及对语段特征（如衔接与连贯பைடு நூலகம்）的辨识能力。此题中在一篇240～280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案，使填空后的文章意义通顺、连贯，结构完整。此题共有20小题，每题0.5分，共10分。
博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解
博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解Doctoral Entrance Examination in EnglishPart I: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question or complete each statement.Passage 1:Climate Change and Global WarmingClimate change refers to long-term changes in average weather patterns in a specific region or globally. Global warming, on the other hand, specifically refers to the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities. While some argue that global warming is a natural phenomenon, the overwhelming majority of scientists agree that human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, are the primary causes of climate change.1. According to the passage, what is the main cause of global warming?A. Natural phenomenaB. Human activitiesC. Average weather patternsD. Long-term changes in climateAnswer: B. Human activities2. What is the difference between climate change and global warming?A. Climate change is caused by human activities, while global warming is natural.B. Global warming refers specifically to changes in average weather patterns.C. Climate change refers to long-term changes in climate, while global warming is due to human activities.D. Global warming specifically refers to the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities.Answer: D. Global warming specifically refers to the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities.Passage 2:The Importance of BiodiversityBiodiversity refers to the variety of plant and animal species within a certain ecosystem. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the environment and supporting the overall health of ecosystems. Loss of biodiversity is a significant concern as it can lead to negative impacts on food security, climate stability, and overall ecosystem function.3. What is biodiversity?A. The variety of plant and animal species within a certain ecosystem.B. The balance of the environment.C. The health of ecosystems.D. The stability of climate.Answer: A. The variety of plant and animal species within a certain ecosystem.4. Why is loss of biodiversity a concern?A. It leads to an increase in food security.B. It has no impact on climate stability.C. It can negatively affect food security, climate stability, and ecosystem function.D. It supports overall ecosystem function.Answer: C. It can negatively affect food security, climate stability, and ecosystem function.Part II: Writing (60 points)Directions: In this section, write an essay on one of the following topics. Your essay should be approximately 400 words in length.1. The Impact of Technology on Society2. Education in the Digital Age3. The Importance of Cross-Cultural Communication4. Sustainable Development and Environmental ConservationPart III: Speaking (60 points)Directions: In this section, you will be asked to discuss one of the following topics. You will have five minutes to prepare your response and three minutes to present it.1. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Learning2. The Influence of Social Media on Relationships3. Effective Strategies for Time Management4. The Role of Government in Promoting Renewable EnergyDetailed explanations and model answers for Part II and Part III will be provided during the examination.Good luck with your doctoral entrance examination in English!。
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析—育明考博
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析 The market share of international students enjoyed by British andUS universities has dropped sharply as Australia，Japan and NewZealand become increasingly popular destinations，according to aninternational comparison of education systems published yesterday.The latest edition of Education at a Glance，an annual auditpublished by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment，showed that although foreign students continue to beattracted to the two countries because of the English languageteaching and perceived quality of education，in relative terms theirposition is weakening.The Paris-based organisation reported that US market share fell2 per cent from 2002-3，while the UK suffered the fastest decline amongOECD members，falling from 16.2 per cent in 1998 to 13.5 percent in2003.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) The most recent year used by the report is 2003 so the percentagesdid not include a 21.3 per cent fall in the number of Chinese studentsaccepted for university courses in Britain this year. Britain isincreasingly reliant on the higher fees paid by students from outsidethe European Union to help sustain its universities for domesticstudents.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) The overall number of students studying outside their owncountries stood at 2.1m in 2003，an 8.3 percent annual average increasesince 1998.According to the report the international complexion of US campuses has changed strikingly since September 11 2001. The country''s universities have seen decreases of 10-37 per cent in students from the Gulf states，northern Africa and some south-east Asian countries.The report also concluded that despite continued，if uneven，growth in the number of graduates churned out by the rich world''s universities，the monetary value of a degree showed no sign of having been tarnished.Andreas Schleicher，head of the Indicators and Analysis Division of the OECD''s Directorate of Education，said there was no evidence of inflation of the labour-market value of qualifications and that graduates could expect to continue to earn considerably more than those without a degree.Assessing the performance of the world''s schools，Mr Schleicher said Asia was soaring while Europe remained level and South America had slipped into relative decline.一、全文翻译英美大学留学生人数骤跌据昨天公布的一项国际教育体系比较研究称，英美大学的留学生市场份额急剧下降，而澳大利亚、日本和新西兰日益成为受欢迎的留学目的地。
天津大学考博英语真题整理及考试方式
天津大学考博英语真题整理及考试方式一、考试方式考试采用笔试方式 时间为180分钟 满分为100分。
二、考试内容与试卷结构试题共分为五个部分 听力理解、选词填空、阅读理解、英汉翻译、写作。
1、听力理解该部分测试考生听力理解的技能及对英语口语信息的短期记忆能力 考查考生判断对话场景、人物关系及身份 理解说话者的意图、观点或态度 理解话语要点和含义 获取具体信息 理解中心思想等方面的能力。
考生听过一段对话后 回答所提问题 录音只放一遍。
该部分共10小题 考生从每题给出的4个选项中 选出最佳答案。
每小题1分 共10分。
（PS：育明考博课程咨询方式 扣扣：547.063 .862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八 有售各院校真题）2、选词填空该部分考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素的掌握程度 包括词汇、短语和句子结构以及对语段特征的辨识能力 如衔接与连贯等。
此题中在一篇文章中留出10个空白要求考生从所提供的15个词汇中选出最佳答案 使填空后的文章意义通顺、连贯 结构完整。
该部分共10小题 每题1分 共10分。
3、阅读理解A. 该部分考查考生对书面英语的理解能力 其中包括理解具体信息 掌握文章大意 以及根据语境推断未知信息。
该部分共3篇文章 每篇文章5个问题 考生从4个选项中选出最佳答案。
每篇文章约600词左右 每题2分 共30分。
B. 该部分为一篇文章 其中有5段空白 文章后有7~8段文字。
考生根据文章内容选择合适的段落填入文章的空白处。
该部分共5题 每题2分 共10分。
4.翻译个部分翻译成汉语。
主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思 并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来 共20分。
5、写作该部分考查考生的书面表达能力。
要求考生根据提示信息、所给题目或所提供的图或 表格等写出一篇说明或议论型短文或根据提供的一篇文章写出其摘要。
文章应主题明确有逻辑性语言规范长度不少于200词共20分。
天津大学博士研究生入学考试非英语专业考试大纲样题Part I. Listening Comprehension (10 %)Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.B) He has difficulty understanding the book.C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.2. A) She will drive the man to the supermarket. B) The man should buya car of his own. C) The man needn't go shopping every week.D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.Part IV Banked Cloze (10 %)Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once. You have seen a friend succeed. No doubt you feel joy at this.You love your friend,and maybe you even helped him accomplish his goal. ____1____, there is another feeling, a dark feeling, within you. You begin to wish that it was youthis envious feeling starts off like a tiny seed. But then, like aseed, it grows. It threatens to ____2____ you. Of course you feel bad about your feelings, as they have become a(n) ____3____ to your friendship. Still, there doesn't seem to be anything that you can do. Facing your friend invariably leads to more ____4____ between you. Avoiding him just seems to ____5____ the gulf between you.Instead of feeling ____6____ about your envy or hating your friend, you should take a different ____7___. Use your friend's success as a challenge. He has succeeded. This means that you can succeed as well. By thinking this way, you are ____8____ your feelings and redirecting them into a course of action that won't ruin your friendship. Remember that friendships can ____9_____ friendly competition. You cannot, however, maintain your friendship if you ____10____ envy.A) approach B) goal C) tension D) harbor E) remainF) survive G) harnessing H) widen I) overwhelm J) overtakeK) establish L) still M) guilty N) responsible O) handicapPart III. Reading Comprehension (40%)Part A.Directions: In this part there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long periodotherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of thefamilies who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality.Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choicefor the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in thestranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especiallyin the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invitedme home for dinner—amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US arenot uncommon, but are not always understood properly.The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complexset of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily meanthat someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue1、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ___________.A. rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USB) small-minded officials deserve a serious commentC) Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD. most Americans are ready to offer help2、It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________.A) culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipB) courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedC) various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD) social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions3、Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________.A) to improve their hard lifeB) in view of their long-distance travelC) to add some flavor to their own daily lifeD) out of a charitable impulse4、The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________.A) tends to be superficial and artificialB) is generally well kept up in the united StatesC) is always understood properlyD) has something to do with the busy tourist trails5、What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American’s friendliness?A) Favorable.B) Unfavorable.C) Indifferent. D) Neutral.Part BDirections: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-H to fit into eachuse. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10%)From her vantage point she watched the main doors swing open and the first arrivals pour in.Those who had been at the head of the line paused momentarily on entry, looked around curiously, then quickly moved forward as others behind pressed in. Within moments the central public area of the big branch bank was filled with a chattering, noisy crowd. The building, relatively quiet less than a minute earlier, had become a Babel. Edwina saw a tall heavyset black man wave some dollar bills and declare loudly, "I want to put my money in the bank".1.It seemed as if the report about everyone having come to open an account had been accurate after all.Edwina could see the big man leaning back expansively, still holding his dollar bills. His voice cut across the noise of other conversations and she heard him proclaim, "I'm in no hurry. There's something I'd like you to explain." Two other desks were quickly manned by other clerks. With equal speed, long wide lines of people formed in front of them.Normally, three members of staff were ample to handle new account business, but obviously were inadequate now. Edwina could see Tottenhoe on the far side of the bank and called him on the intercom. She instructed, "Use more desks for new account and take all the staff you can spare to man them."2.Tottenhoe grumbled in reply, "You realize we can't possibly process all these people today, and however many we do will tie us up completely." "I' ve an idea," Edwina said, "that's what someone has in mind. Just hurry the processing all you can."3.security, and family matters. A specimen signature was obtained. Then proof of identity was needed. After that, the new accounts clerk would take all documents to an officer of the bank for approval and initialing. Finally, a savings passbook was made out or a temporary checkbook issued.Therefore the most new accounts that any bank employee could open in an hour were five, so the three clerks presently working might handle a total of ninety in one business day, if they kept going at top speed, which was unlikely. 4.Still the noise within the bank increased. It had become an uproar. A further problem was that the growing mass of arrivals in the central public area of the bank was preventing access to tellers' counters by other customers. Edwina could see a few of them outside, regarding the milling scene with consternation. While she watched, several gave up and walked away.Inside the bank some of the newcomers were engaging tellers in conversation and the tellers, having nothing else to do because of the melee, chatted back. Two assistant managers had gone to the central floor area and were trying to regulate the flood of people so as to clear some space at counters. They were having small success.5.She decided it was time for her own intervention. Edwina left the platform and a railed-off staff area and, with difficulty, made her way through the milling crowd to the main front door.A. Yet she knew however much they hurried it would still take ten to fifteen minutes to open any single new account. It always did. The paperwork required that time.B. But still no hostility was evident. Everyone in the now jam-packed bank who was spoken to by members of the staff answered politely and with a smile. It seemed,C. It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.D. Even leaning close to the intercom, it was hard to hear above the noise.E. Even tripling ate present complement of clerks would permit very few more than two hundred and fifty accounts (o be opened in a day, yet already, in the first few minutes of business, the bank was crammed with at least four hundred people, with still more flooding in, and the line outside, which Edwina rose to check, appeared as long as ever.F. Obviously someone had alerted the press in advance, which explained the presence of the TV camera crew outside. Edwina wondered who had done it.G. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.H. A security guard directed him, "Over there for new accounts." The guard pointed to a desk where a clerk - a young girl - sat waiting. She appeared nervous. The big man walked toward her, smiled reassuringly, and sat down. Immediately a press of others moved into a ragged line behind him, waiting for their turn.Part IV Translation (20%)Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written carefully on the ANSWER SHEET. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror — the glass in the roofof a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up tookplace, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres andseverely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to greatchanges in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earth’schief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arcticbecause the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts arenow paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees ofwarming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fiftyyears from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. Theevidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbondioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem tobe falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather haveexceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effectweather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station havestudied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sunrotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects todifferent parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of theearth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over along term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions andthe actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is thatthe models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One wayof solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solareffects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect ofcarbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.Part V. Writing (20%)Directions: People are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health.中国考博辅导首选学校different ways to stay healthy. Some exercise everyday; others try to keep abalanced diet; stillothers try to keep happy all the time. What do you think is the best way to stayhealthy?Write an essay of about 200 words about the following topic:The Best Way to Stay HealthyYou are to write in three paragraphs:1. The importance of health2. Different people have different ideas about staying healthy3. What you think is the best way to stay healthy本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
2023全国博士英语考试题型
2023全国博士英语考试题型全国博士英语考试是获得博士学位的重要环节之一，其考试内容涵盖了英语听、说、读、写、译等多个方面。
以下是2023年全国博士英语考试的题型及分析，以供参考。
一、听力理解听力理解部分主要测试考生理解英语学术讲座和对话的能力。
该部分共20道题，每道题1分，总分为20分。
考试时间为30分钟。
听力材料的难度较高，涉及的领域广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学等。
考生需要具备较强的听力技巧和快速理解能力，才能准确把握听力材料的主旨和细节。
二、阅读理解阅读理解部分主要测试考生阅读并理解英语学术文章的能力。
该部分共20道题，每道题2分，总分为40分。
考试时间为50分钟。
阅读文章的题材和难度与学术论文相似，涉及的主题广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等。
考生需要具备较强的阅读技巧和批判性思维能力，才能准确把握文章的主旨和细节，并做出正确的推理判断。
三、翻译翻译部分主要测试考生将英语学术文章翻译成汉语的能力。
该部分共2道题，每道题10分，总分为20分。
考试时间为30分钟。
翻译文章的主题广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等。
考生需要具备较强的翻译技巧和语言表达能力，同时还需要了解相关领域的背景知识，才能准确传达原文的意思。
四、写作写作部分主要测试考生撰写英语学术论文的能力。
该部分共1道题，总分为20分。
考试时间为40分钟。
写作题目要求考生就某一主题撰写一篇学术论文，要求结构清晰、逻辑严密、语言准确、表达流畅。
考生需要具备较强的学术素养和写作技巧，同时还需要了解相关领域的学术规范和写作要求。
总体来说，2023年全国博士英语考试的难度较高，对考生的英语水平和学术素养要求较高。
考生需要通过系统的备考和训练，全面提高自己的英语听、说、读、写、译能力，同时还需要了解相关领域的背景知识和学术规范，才能顺利通过考试。
天津大学考博英语必备语法解析
天津大学考博英语必备语法解析简单句之所以简单是因为成分单一便于读者理解。
而四级阅读理解中，出题人为增加阅读难度，就会把几个谓语动词放在一个句子当中。
但是无论局势如何变化，英语句子本身就犹如一棵大树，只能有一个主干起支撑作用，其他起辅助作用。
解决方法：遇到多个谓语动词连用情况要分清主句谓语动词和从句的谓语动词。
剔除细枝末节之后，句子也就好理解了。
例如：Scratchy throats,stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu(流感)may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.(2005.1).解析：此句是由but引导的并列句。
前面一句话容易理解，谓语动词是spell,关键看后一句话。
but引导的句子黑体下划线是主语，该句子真正谓语动词是may make，如下面所示：but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu(流感)may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.翻译：喉咙发痒、鼻塞、浑身酸痛都令人痛苦，但是能够确定造成这种痛苦的根源是普通感冒还是流感，对这种痛苦能折磨你多就会起关键作用。
举例作为插入语(显著词such as;for example;including etc.).插入语主要起补充或说明的作用，我们在进行快速阅读的时候通常会把它省略，即忽略不看。
但是，笔者在这里要提出的一点是，如果根据文章问题回原文定位句子时，如果定位的关键句子包含了以上插入语中的任何一种形式，则答案往往就在此处。
例如：（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)原文：Finally,other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid,material resources,and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.考题：Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of.A.instrumental supportrmational support.C.social companionshipD.the strengthening of self-respect.(1)Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose,runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually,and adults and teens often do not get a fever.(2005.1).翻译：普通感冒患者的一些典型症状，如鼻塞、流鼻涕、喉咙发痒，发作比较缓慢，成人和青少年患者一般不会有发热症状。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2015天津大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。
攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、天津大学考博英语题型Part1:听力理解，一段对话，10小题，10分；Part2：选词填空，15个词汇中选10个，10分；Part3：阅读理解40分A：3篇（每篇600词左右），15题30分；B：1篇，5段空白，从7~8段文字中选择5段合适的段落，5题10分；Part4：翻译，600词左右的英语篇章（内容偏重科技），然后将有下划线的6-8个部分翻译成汉语，20分；Part5：写作，要求考生根据提示信息、所给题目或所提供的图或表格等，写出一篇说明或议论型短文；或根据提供的一篇文章写出其摘要。
不少于200词，共20分。
三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。
四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。
如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。
不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。
但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。
总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。
初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。
每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。
一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。
五、听力答题技巧1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。
这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。
联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。
电话：四零零六六八六九七八。
扣扣群：一零五六一九八二零。
2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。
这样会引起头脑的混乱。
3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。
人的大脑有时候会混淆的。
因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。
因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。
(1)提炼选项中的重要信息考生务必先看选项。
当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。
通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。
(2)掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。
“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。
其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。
拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。
答题时，考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题)，剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。
一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案，马上进入下一题的节奏。
千万不可拖泥带水，否则破坏了节奏，可能造成随后的简单题目失分。
答案选定后可放松一口气，然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。
(3)听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。
听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试，它往往考的不是考生是否听见，而是考考生是否听懂。
把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里，等着考生把它挑出来，在考博听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。
绝大多数题目，要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳，对应到选项中。
如此一来，我们不光得竖起耳朵听，还得开动脑筋想。
这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字，却选不出答案。
要避免这种情况，请注意正确答案的固定特征：(4)听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样，说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。
考博听力中，专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实，他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶，也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。
重读的每一处都具有提示作用。
因而，从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。
重音和语调是最为重要的线索。
辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。
(5)针对题型逐个演练不管是对话还是文段，听力考试的提问可分主题题型、细节题型、推断题型和语言点题型四大类。
我们可以在平时的练习中有意识的总结做题的方法和技巧。
六、阅读理解的解题技巧其实考博阅读的技巧是有针对性的，看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架，具体的问题我们可以不管，但文章的层次必须弄清楚。
只有弄清了文章的层次，具体的问题才好归类，结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。
另外我发现考博的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上，细枝末节上基本没有涉题，于是就会发现，原文几百字的文章，真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已，其余的东西都可省。
当我们划去冗余，就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。
可见，对于考博阅读，若要高效正确的征服，必须学会快速分析文章的主干。
这就是基于逻辑的阅读，上升到理论层面的阅读模式。
下面进行具体分析：（1）主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次，个人以为要弄清文章主旨，段落中心以及段落内部的次中心，这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。
常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。
当然也有非常规的情况，这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。
找主旨需要慢慢训练，常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析，这样能力就能够很快地提升。
（2）常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑，那么，一般的都有哪些逻辑呢？通过一般归纳总结，大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。
这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容，阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读，辨明逻辑主线，在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上，会有很好的效果。
也许，在做考博阅读之初，很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面，出现这种情况，并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知，而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。
现在将框架简单介绍如下：框架1：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2：叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3：提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点框架4：两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析，弄清逻辑，以上列出的是主干，还需进一步分析到枝叶，这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。
到段落级别，文章中心也容易辨出，多数文章中心在首末，少数会出现在段中。
于是在理解阅读文章的时候，在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句，观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。
一般情况，较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案，当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。
（3）暗含答案的重点位置所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方，也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。
在考博阅读中，出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方，常见的有段落的中心和次中心；对于非中心，考博文章一般不会考察。
这是博士研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。
上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽，但对于微观题，我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。
下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节：1）所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。
2）转折和因果。
在阅读中，最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来，因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度，相对一般句子更有强调性。
例如：because，for，but，however……3）表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现，当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点，但值得一读。
阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情，所以平时应做好积累。
例如：agree，acknowledge，assert，see，insist，according to，find，think，believe，show，point out，content，acclaim，say等4）特殊标点符号，有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等，均有或强或弱的强调意味，主要的特殊标点符号有：——、（）、“”等。
5）情态动词。
should，must都能表达作者感情的因素，能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点，理应重点阅读。
6）特殊句型。
例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety，……，Significantly，……副词在句中起着很大作用，能反映态度，能表程度，这种特殊句型更有强调的成分，值得多阅读分析。
7）有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。
上面列举的一些重点特征很多，无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。
阅读文章的时候，仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。
阅读时快速画出重点，仅阅读含有重点特征的句子，对文章进行“减肥”，以提高阅读效率。
（4）选项特点1）正确答案的特点a、与原文句子同义词替换。
b、相对原文语法变化，如原文中的被动变为主动。
C、正面反面，即原文句子的否定形式，答案变成肯定的正面叙述；原文是肯定形式，从正面叙述，答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。
d、AB角度，原文从A角度叙述某事，而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情，本质不变。
e、具体抽象，即原文具体事例，答案变为抽象概括，或反之。
2）干扰选项的特点a、照抄原文，个别词语不同。
b、一半信息符合原文，一半信息不符。
c、将原文某些信息张冠李戴。
d、与原文叙述的内容相反。
e、与原文中没有出现观点新信息。