中高级口译定语从句的翻译

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英语定语从句翻译

英语定语从句翻译

英语定语从句翻译英语定语从句翻译近代史开始时,世界拥有的每一项重大成就,已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。

以下内容是店铺为您精心整理的英语定语从句翻译,欢迎参考!英语定语从句翻译一一主二仆式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。

该结构中的定语从句比较规范,均修饰一个先行词,在翻译时,虽然也遵循一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法,但还有其独特的地方。

归纳起来,有如下几种情况:1)译成定语可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语,也可译成分开的定语修饰先地词,或分别修饰重复的先行词。

and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power古老的谋生之道正受到新的农业技术、新的贸易、新的行业的挑战;这种新贸易是与世界上一向无人知晓的地区进行的贸易,而种种新行业则是使用一些无需传统的人力畜力驱动、可节省劳动力的奇特机遇。

(并列的定语)Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.近代史开始时,世界拥有的每一项重大成就,已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。

(分开的定语)And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the WesternEuropeans.英语定语从句翻译二定语从句是由一些关系代词或者关系副词引导的从句组成,用来修饰名词中心词。

高中定语从句(含中文翻译高考题解析)

高中定语从句(含中文翻译高考题解析)

高中定语从句(含中文翻译,高考题解析)在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句,所以,也称作形容词性从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。

它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。

A.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。

What was the name of the man who lent you the money借钱给你的那人叫什么名字?(定语从句修饰先行词the man)He who laughs lst laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。

(定语从句修饰先行词he)The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.会议主席坐在我右边,他先发言。

(定语从句修饰先行词the chairman)B.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语。

在口语或非正式文体中,whom可省略或可用who来代替,但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。

There are some people (whomwho)we like and others (whomwho) we dislike.有些人我们是喜欢的,有些人则是我们讨厌的。

(定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others)The people whomwho I work with are all friendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。

(定语从句修饰先行词the people)Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in or plan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过,他对我们的计划很感兴趣。

中英句子翻译-定语从句的翻译

中英句子翻译-定语从句的翻译

中英句子翻译-定语从句得翻译中英句子翻译-定语从句得翻译定语从句得翻译1、将下列含有限制性定语从句得复合句译成汉语:1)、 Everything thatis around us is matter、我们周围得一切都就就是物质2)、 He isthe only one among us thatknows French、她就就是我们中唯一懂法语得人。

3)、 I know the reason why he came late、我知道她来迟得原因。

4)、 Certain ideas, principles, and laws often form the fou ndation on which otherideas, principles and laws of a science are constructed、一些思想、原则和法律往往会成为其她思想、原则和法律赖以形成得基础。

5)、Stainless steels must contain a minimum of 10% chromium、 This is the reason whythey are stainless、不锈钢至少要含有10%得铬,这就就就是不锈钢不生锈得原因。

6)、 Electrical energy that is supplied to a lampcan be turned into lightenergy、供照明得电能可以转化为光能。

7)、 An electric field is a space where an electric forceexists、电场就就就是电力存在得空间。

8)、 The house whose roof was damaged has now been repai red、屋顶坏了得房子现在已经修好。

9)、 Shanghai is the place wherehe was born、上海就就是她出生得地方。

定语从句翻译

定语从句翻译

定语从句1.前置合译法(前滚翻):若定语从句较短,较简单,与先行词(名词)的关系紧密(一般来说,紧密的,为限定性从句;不紧密的,为非限定性从句),限定性定语从句及少部分非限定性从句(较短且有描述性的非限定),一般将从句提在先行词之前,译成“…的” 1)The action it takes at any moment can,t be predicted,and people find that disturbing.分析:后一个that引导宾语从句,指代前面的事情。

翻译:它在任何一个时刻采取的行动都无法预见,这件事使人们感到不安。

2)I was, to borrow from John Le Carre(插入语),the spy(间谍)who was to stay out in the cold.分析:插入语,作状语,译成汉语时,放在句首翻译:借用约翰.李.卡雷的话来说,我是一名被打入冷宫的间谍。

3)There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life.分析:定语从句中含有定语从句,主句是when引导的定语从句,修饰a day 翻译:全世界人民过上幸福生活的那一天(终究)是会到来的。

4)The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.翻译:在他手下干活的员工怕他怕得要死。

5)We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious ill were quite aware of its potential outcome.翻译:给我们留下极深印象的是(同位语的翻译)即使那些没有被告知严重病情的病人,对其疾病的潜在后果也是非常清楚的。

定语从句例句带翻译及讲解

定语从句例句带翻译及讲解

定语从句例句带翻译及讲解定语从句例句带翻译及讲解定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句(英语:attributive clause),这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分,所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。

下面是店铺整理的定语从句例句带翻译及讲解,一起来看看吧。

(1) who引导的非限制性定语从句Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,擅长于烹调。

My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year.我家的园丁非常悲观,他说今年将不结苹果。

(2) whom引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词whom用于指人,在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语,作介词宾语时,介词可位于句末。

如:Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。

Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那儿学了许多东西。

(3) whose引导的非限制性定语从句whose是关系代词who的所有格形式,在从句中作定语。

whose 通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物。

如:The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。

Above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山,其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。

中口翻译

中口翻译

一,语序变化英语由于介词的作用和语言习惯的不同, 时间和地点的一般排序是由小到大, 由具体到不太具体 . 汉语的语序则相反, 一般是由大到小, 由不太具体到比较具体 . 懂得了这个规律, 再借助转换句式等翻译手法, 就可以译出地道的句子 .1) 英语顺序一般是” 动词+ 方式+ 地点+ 时间”汉语顺序一般是” 时间, 地点, 方式+ 动词”He is often seen to read hard in his study room from morning till night.经常可以看见他从早到晚在书房苦读 .2) 形式主语或形式宾语We regard it our bounden internationalist duty to safeguard the peace and tranquilit y of the world我们认为维护世界和平稳定是我们应尽的国际主义义务 .语序离不开全句的通盘考虑 . 在兼有心理评价和客观叙述的句子中, 英语评价在前, 叙述在后, 汉语则叙述在前, 评价在后 . 在叙述部分汉语倾向于按事件发生的自然顺序依次进行, 英语则把客观顺序置于心理评价的统摄之下或按心理时间重新安排 .It was a keen disappointment when I had to give up the plan which I had intende d to carry out this year.我原打算在今年实施这个计划,但是后来却不得有放弃,这使我深感失望。

3) 状语从句的语序1)A woman infected with HIV may be ostracized or abandoned by her husband if h er conditions is revealed, even when he is the source of the disease.即使妇女的HIV 是被丈夫传染的, 一旦病情泄露, 仍会受到他的冷待或抛弃 . (见《新东方中高级口译笔试备考精要》丛书)I knew every spot where a murder or robbery had been committed or a ghost see n.什么地方发生过盗窃案或者凶杀案, 什么地方闹过鬼, 我都知道 . (见新东方中高级笔试备考精要)二,定语从句的逻辑译法1. 定语从句1) 限制性定语从句把限制性定语从句译成前置的汉语定语结构是常规译法, 只要从句不是太长就可以这样做 .China has changed from being a country where the great majority was illiterate to one where the great majority is literate.中国已经从一个大多数人是文盲的国家变成了一个大多数人识字的国家 . (见《新东方中高级笔试备考精要》丛书)若定语从句太长或意思复杂不允许这样安排, 则可使其后置并通过重复先行词或相应概念, 使两个句子彼此连接 .Chemistry deals with changes in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.化学是研究物质变化的, 这种变化的结果能够形成新的物质 . (见《新东方中高级口译笔试备考精要》丛书)2) 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句常常被译成并列分句, 附于被修饰部分或者整个主句之后 .This type of meter is called multimeter, which is used to measure currents, voltages and resistances.这种仪表叫做万用表, 用来测量电流, 电压和电阻 . (见《新东方中高级口译笔试备考精要》丛书)有时译为同位语The minor internal motions of the atmosphere, which was known as winds, depart only in a small way from the movement of this envelope as a whole.大气微小的内部运动, 即我们所说的风, 仅与整个大气层的运动稍微不太一一致 . (见《新东方中高级口译笔试备考精要》丛书)状语译法: 时间, 原因, 结果, 转折, 让步, 条件, 目的n A.An organization that has open lines of communication with valid,honest informat ion going up,down,and through the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow o f information or distort and deceive.(2000,3, 中级口译笔译真题)n 如果一个机构有着公开的交流渠道,内部上下沟通,信息真实可靠,那么和一个企图限制信息交流或进行歪曲和欺骗的机构相比,就将更具有工作效率,也是一个更佳的工作场所。

定语从句翻译方式

定语从句翻译方式

定语从句翻译方式定语从句翻译方式定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句(英语:attributive clause),这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分,所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。

下面是店铺收集整理的定语从句翻译方式,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。

第一、前置翻译法:把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面,可以用“的”来连接。

但前置翻译法往往适用于较短的定语。

如:Yao Ming is a basketball player who is ver great.姚明是一名非常伟大的运动员。

He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。

Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。

His laughter,which was infectious,broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。

第二、后置翻译法:把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面,翻译为并列分句。

其中对于先行词的处理有两种:1. 重复先行词。

如:I told the story to John,who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰,约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。

We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee,whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在我们对特别委员会表示满意,特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。

英汉翻译(11)定语从句的翻译

英汉翻译(11)定语从句的翻译
• Rendered into Chinese Complex Clauses(译为汉语联合复句的 分句) • She knew that Amelia would tell her mother, who could probably tell Joseph. • 她知道爱米丽亚准会去告诉妈妈,做妈妈的多半又会说给叫乔瑟夫听。 • Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets, which provide the transportation service. • 像希腊和挪威这些国家具有庞大的远洋船队,这些船队能提供海上运 输业务。 • In the fields of the boxing championship he knocked out his opponent, who was carried out of the ring. • 在拳击锦标赛的决赛中,他把对方击昏在地,对手被抬出拳击场。
Rendered into an Independent Sentence
• One was Newman himself, who laughed as he recounted how he had hidden in that basement for several days. • 纽曼本人就是其中的一个。他讲述他一连几天躲 在在地下室的那种情景时,不禁哈哈大笑。
• Modern man, who was enclosed by four walls and chained to an indoor job, realizes that he is shortening his days. • 现代人为室内工作所羁绊,终年幽禁在四 壁之内,深知这是在缩短自己的寿命。 • Mr. John, for whom I was working was very generous about overtime payment. • 我为琼斯先生工作,他对加班加点的报酬 很慷慨。
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中高级口译定语从句的翻译
定语就位置而言,有前置、后置和插入。

定语从句有限定性和非限定性定语从句两种。

就性质和功能而言,可以译成条件、原因、结果、目的、让步和转折等状语从句;就译文的形式来讲,可以译成并列句、独立句和复合句等。

限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句对其所修饰的先行词起限制性作用,与先行词关系非常密切。

翻译这类句子可以采用以下方法:
1.前置
把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语,从而把复合句译成简单句。

反之亦然。

例如:He who doesn…t want to be a general isn‟t a good soldier.
不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。

Gui Lin is a place where there are gorgeous mountains and rivers.
桂林是个有山有水的地方。

Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here.
同事之间关系融洽是我喜欢在这工作的主要原因。

2.后置
把结构复杂且较长的定语从句后置,译成并列分句。

翻译时可以用两种方法来处理:
A.重复先行词。

例如:
China and Japan reached agreement on the issue of agriculture which was a major barrier for their bilateral relation since 1996.
中日两国最终就农业问题达成了协议,而农业问题自一九九六年起就是两国关系发展的主要障碍。

Although he is a greenhand, he has enterprise and creativity which are decisive in winning success in the field.
他虽然经验不足,但很有进取心和创造力,而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。

He has great determination and courage which I need badly as a m anager.
他为人果敢,而我作为经理,缺得正是这一点。

I met an old m an last year who was once regarded as the best m aster of Chinese painting.
我去年遇到一位老人,这位老人曾经被认为是中国顶尖的国画大师。

B.省略先行词。

例如:
It is she who wrote the letter that announced the break out of the war.
是她写了这封信说战争爆发了。

I gave him a gift which I didn…t see at all.
我送了他一份礼物,他竟然看都没看。

They worked out a new m ethod by which efficiency has now been dram atically improved.
他们制订出一种新方案,采用之后工作效率大大提高。

3.融合法
A.定语从句的主句里有“there be”、“to be”等动词时,可以把原句中的主语和定语从句融合在一起,译成简单句。

例如:
There are some students in the class who dislike studying.
在班上总有一些学生不爱学习。

This is the very knife which he used to murder the victim.
他就是用这把刀谋杀了受害人。

This was the period when Newton began the research which resulted in the creation of his fam ous Theory of Gravity.
就在这期间,牛顿开始一一项研究。

经过这项研究,他创立了著名的重力理论。

B.定语从句的动词在整个复合句中分量较重,可将其主句压缩成词组译作主语,而把定语从句的动词译作其谓语。

例如:
“The best way to play basketball well is to take it easy and enjoy it,”said an Am erican basketball player.
一位美国的篮球运动员曾说过:“要想打好篮球,最好的办法就是享受篮球。


He had great success in football which m ade him an idol in the eyes of every football player.
他在足球领域取得的成就使他成为每一个足球运动员的偶像。

非限制性定语从句
非限定性定语从句对先行词不起限制作用,只对其加以描写,叙述或解释。

翻译这类从句有以下方法:
1.译成带“的”的前置定语
一些较短且具有描述性的非限定性从句,可以译成带“的”的前置定语。

例如:
John,who has grey hair,is believed to be one of the m ost attractive figure.
满头银发的约翰被认为是最有吸引力的人物之一。

You, whose predecessors scored initial success in m edical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.
你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功,而你们现在则在这一方面获得了更大的成就。

2.译成带有状语性质和功能的定语从句
A.表原因
The m anager was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from.
经理只宴请了几个人,因为他特别想和这些人谈谈,听听他们的意见。

No one in the com pany likes their boss,who is stingy and bad-tem pered.
公司里没人喜欢他们的老板,因为他脾气暴燥人又小气。

B.表结果
The two countries established formal diplomatic relation, which paved the way for the further communication.
两国正式建立了外交关系,从而为双方进一步的交流铺平了道路。

They quarelled with each other everyday, which led to their divorce.
他们夫妻二人天天吵架,最终导致离婚。

C.表让步
He insisted on buying another car, whic h he actually didn…t need……
他坚持要再买一辆车,尽管他并不需要。

My father,who thought it might not work,supported m e.
尽管父亲认为这个办法可能不会起作用,但还是支持我。

D.表目的
This com pany,which wants to get their new product sold well in the market,is trying hard to perfect its packing and workm anship.
为了使新产品在市场热销,这个公司正在全力改进工艺和外包装。

E.表转折
She is quite considerate and kind,which her younger sister never is.
她非常善良,体贴,而她妹妹却从不这样。

To succeed in this area,one needs profound knowledge and experience,which few has.
要想在这一领域取得成功,需要渊博的知识及丰富的经验,而很少有人能具备这两点。

F.表条件或假设
A new product which has beautiful packing,good quality and advertising may very likely be a hit in market
一种新产品,只要包装精美,质量过硬,宣传得力,就能在市场中热销。

Any one who works hard and never gives up will succeed.
任何人,只要努力工作永不放弃,就能够成功。

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