赫斯曼交换机配置说明-TTT_00_04_MC-HandsOn

Notes: Content❑Hands-on L2 multicasting❑Hands-on L3 multicasting (routing)Tasks:T k❑Build up a tree structure without and with IGMP and check the behavior❑Build up a HIPER Ring structure without and with IGMP …❑Build up a routed network with DVMRP and check the behavior❑Build up a routed network with PIM-DM and check the behavior❑Build up a HIPER Ring with routed networks …B ild HIPER Ri ith t d t k© Hirschmann Automation and Control GmbHThis presentation, and the material here in, have been prepared for the purposes of education and training. These slides are the sole property of Hirschmann and of education and training These slides are the sole property of Hirschmann and its subsidiaries, and are not to be altered, duplicated or distributed in any way without express written permission by Hirschmann.❑Microsoft Windows 95 and NT 4.0 support IGMPv1.Notes:❑Microsoft Windows 98 and 2000 support IGMPv2.❑Microsoft Windows XP supports IGMPv3. But there are stilla lot other devices in a network with v2 only. Thus IGMPv2should be configured on devices (default of Hirschmanng(platform). A XP host receiving a v2 packet automaticallychanges to v2 till a timer expires.❑The IGMP snooping release can be configured globally only, thus it is identical in all VLANs.❑On HIPER Ring ports “Forwarding All” should be configured.In HIPER Ring one querier is enough❑In HIPER Ring one querier is enough.❑Querier selection is available as of IGMPv2. Pleaseremember the flooding problem mentioned in the appendixof last presentation.Local workaround is to configure static query ports indirection of the MC source segment.❑Querier interval by default = 125 s. Minimum accepted in Querier interval by default=125s Minimum accepted in3.0.03 = 2 s (depending on max response time)(Config)# set igmp querier tx-interval <seconds>Notes:Commands:❑> enable❑# show igmpsnooping❑# show running-config [all]#fiactivates IGMPsnooping ❑# config ❑(Config)# set igmp❑(Config)# set igmp querier tx-interval <seconds>❑Max response time must be less than querier interval. Default: 10 s(Config)# set igmp querier max-response-time <sec>activates IGMPsnooping(g)g p q p ❑Note:a Windows XP notebook connected to v1 and v2 queriers changed from v3 to v1 after 83 minutes.After changing querier version to v2 the XP client changed from v1to v2after 4:35minutes from v1 to v2 after 4:35 minutes.The next change from v2 to v1 happened after a couple of seconds.Notes:1.Build up a tree structure and produce a MC streama)no IGMP: check behavior if producer is located in sameand in different branch of consumerb)IGMPv1: check behavior if producer is located in sameand in different branch of consumerand in different branch of consumerc)IGMPv2: check behavior if producer is located in sameand in different branch of consumerd)IGMPv3: check behavior if producer is located in sameand in different branch of consumer2.Build up a HIPER Ring structure …a)no IGMP: check behavior if producer is located in sameand in different branch of consumerb)IGMPv1: check behavior if producer is located in sameand in different branch of consumerc)IGMPv2: check behavior if producer is located in sameand in different branch of consumerd)IGMPv3: check behavior if producer is located in sameand in different branch of consumer❑Due to its fast recovery time HIPER Ring is widely used asNotes: link redundancy solution on layer 2 combined with routedVLANs (VRRP for UCs).❑Thus regard special rules for MC routing over HIPER Ring.,❑There should be no distributed VLANs, thus broadcasts need not be propagated over the backbone. The backboneis a separate VLAN with separate subnet. This backboneVLAN is routed (VLAN routing) to the other subnetsconnected redundantly to router ports with VRRP.❑In the displayed application the use of DVMRP as MCIn the displayed application the use of DVMRP as MCrouting protocol is better than PIM-DM, because it uses itsown routing protocol and thus can detect …❑Please note: an IGMP enabled Hirschmann switch new connected first sends out querier packets to get allregistrations thus the next querier interval needs not toregistrations thus the next querier interval needs not toexpire.❑If a router port receives an IGMP packet with lower versionNotes: than globally configured then this port changes to that lowerrelease.❑IGMP snooping release should be configured same as IGMP release!Please note: by default both are v2. IGMP snooping releasecan be configured by web, IGMP release by CLI only (perinterface).❑Because IGMP snooping can be configured globally only IGMP snooping release is identical in all VLANs.CLI commands:❑> enable❑# show igmpsnooping❑# show ip igmp interface <slot/port>Example of configuration:Notes:❑(R1)> enable❑(R1)# configure❑(R1) (Configure)# ip igmp❑(R1) (Configure)# interface 1/1❑(R1) (Interface 1/1)# ip igmp(R1)(Interface1/1)#ip igmp❑(R1) (Interface 1/1)# ip igmp version <1|2|3>❑(R1) (Interface 1/1)# exit❑(R1)# show ip igmpOptional:No.of Group Specific Queries sent(2default):❑No. of Group Specific Queries sent (2 default):(R1) (Interface 1/1)# ip igmp last-member-query-count <1…20>❑Group Specific Query interval ( default):❑Query interval (125 s default):(R1) (Interface 1/1)# ip igmp query-interval <1…3600>❑Query max response time (100 1/10 s):(R1) (Interface 1/1)# ip igmp query-max-response-time <0…255>❑IGMP robustness (2 default):(R1) (Interface 1/1)# ip igmp robustness <0…255>(R1)(I t f1/1)#i i b t0255❑IGMP startup query count (2 default)(R1) (Interface 1/1)# ip igmp startup-query-count <1…20>❑IGMP startup query interval (1 s default):(R1) (Interface 1/1)# ip igmp startup-query-interval <1…300>❑IGMP snooping and thus the snooping querier is a globalNotes: function of a device.❑If the snoop-querier (IGMPv2 or v3) on a switch between two routers is active and the routers have a higher IPaddress than the switch, the switch will win the querierelection and thus the snoop queriers of the connectedrouters are disabled. As a result other switched ports at therouters will loose their querier, if there is no other availableand thus multicasting doesn’t work anymore.❑GMRP cannot be used simultaneously to IGMP, thus itNotes: cannot be used together with dynamic multicast routing.CLI commands:❑(Config) # set gmrp adminmode or # no set…(Config)#set gmrp adminmode or#no set❑(Config) # set gmrp interfacemode❑(Config) # set gmrp forward-all-groups❑(Interface x/y) #set gmrp interfacemode❑(Interface x/y) #set gmrp forward-all-groups❑> show gmrp configuration all>show gmrp configuration all❑> show gmrp configuration <slot/port>Notes: Multicast routing protocols are available in L3P firmwarepackage only!Which MC routing protocol should be selected?❑DVMRP uses its own routing protocol while PIM-DM uses DVMRP uses its own routing protocol while PIM DM usesthe UC protocol in operation. DVMRP knows better thetopology with advantage in routed switched networksespecially together with HIPER Ring, static routes withECMP.❑The opt-out protocols DVMRP and PIM-DM start flooding, asa result devices receive faster the streams.a result devices receive faster the streams.❑As opt-out solutions after expiration of the hold timer MCs are flooded again thus producing high load condition tillprunes are sent again.Holdtime DVMRP 2 h, fixedHoldtime PIM-DM 210 s, configurable till 18 h.❑Convergence after topology changes is faster at PIM DM.Convergence after topology changes is faster at PIM-DM.❑PIM offers configurable timers and thus a higher flexibility if necessary.❑DVMRP is limited to 32 hops.❑Enable unicast routing:Notes: (R1) (Configure)# ip routing❑Enable multicast routing(R1) (Configure)# ip multicast❑Note: if first “ip multicast” is entered with IGMP disabled and error message is displayed, but after “ip igmp” command theconfiguration is o.k.❑To route MCs over one single PIM-DM router there is no need for unicast routing but for routing MCs over cascadedneed for unicast routing, but for routing MCs over cascadedrouters a UC routing protocol is needed (usually OSPF).Notes: Example of configuration:❑(R1)> enable❑(R1)# configure❑(R1) (Configure)# ip igmp(R1)(C fi)#i i❑(R1) (Configure)# ip multicast❑(R1) (Configure)# ip dvmrp❑(R1) (Configure)# interface 1/1❑(R1) (Interface 1/1)# ip igmp❑(R1) (Interface 1/1)# ip dvmrp(R1)(Interface1/1)#ip dvmrp❑(R1) (Interface 1/1)# exit❑(R1) (Configure)# exit❑(R1)# show ip dvmrpNote:For training purposes it’s sufficient to disableDVMRP globally while it’s still enabled on theinterfaces andthen configure PIM-DM (see next slide).Example of configuration:Notes:❑(R1)> enable❑(R1)# configure❑(R1) (Configure)# ip igmp()(g)p❑(R1) (Configure)# ip multicast❑(R1) (Configure)# ip pimdm❑(R1) (Configure)# interface 1/1❑(R1) (Interface 1/1)# ip igmp❑(R1) (Interface 1/1)# ip pimdm mode❑(R1) (Interface 1/1)# exit❑(R1) (Configure)# exit(R1)(C fi)#i❑(R1)# show ip pimdm❑(R1)# show ip mcast❑(R1)# show ip igmpOptional:❑Configuration of holdtime in seconds (210 s default):(R1) (Configure)# ip pimdm holdtimes <30…64800>❑Configuration of hello time in seconds:(Interface s/p)# ip pimdm hello-interval <1…3600>Notes:Consecutive order of minimum configuration:❑Configure and enable router interfaces ❑Set prompt for a better orientation ❑Enable routingCLI command sequence:(replace x by router number)> enable# set prompt R x # configure(Config)# ip routing (Config)#show ip brief ❑Configure UC routing protocol globally❑Enable IGMP globally (automatically enables MC routing and IGMP snooping)❑Enable multicast forwarding (routing)Enable PIM SM globally (Config)# show ip brief (Config)# router ospf(Config-router)# router-id x .1.1.1(Config-router)# enable(Config-router)# redistribute connected [subnets](Config-router)# exit (Config)# ip igmp (Config)# ip multicast (Config)#ip pimsm ❑Enable PIM-SM globally ❑Set static Rendezvous Point ❑Configure routing interfaces❑Configure UC routing protocol per interface ❑Enable IGMP per interface, and set version Optionally change version (default =2)(Config)# ip pimsm(Config)# ip pimsm rp-address <ip-@> <MC @>…(Config)# interface <s/p>(Interface s/p)# ip address <ip-@> <mask>(Interface s/p)# routing(Interface s/p)# ip ospf area-id 0.0.0.0(Interface s/p)# ip ospf (Interface s/p)# ip igmp(Interface s/p)#ip igmp version <1|❑Optionally change version (default = 2)❑Enable PIM-SM on respective interfaces(Interface s/p)# ip igmp version <1|2|3>(Interface s/p)# ip pimsm mode (Interface s/p)# exit (Config)# exit # show ip pimsm# copy system:running-config nvram:startup-config # logoutThe IGMP version by default is 2.Notes: Please note that a Rendezvous Point must be configured on all PIM-SM enabled routers, even at the RP itself.The alternative is to define at least one Bootstrap router(BSR) and at least one RP candidate. At a customer site it’sgrecommended to configure 2 candidate RPs and 2 candidate BSRs for redundancy.Further commands:❑(Interface s/p)# show❑# show ip pimsm❑# show ip mcast#show ip mcast❑# show ip igmpOptional:❑Configuration of DR priority:(Interface s/p)# ip pimsm dr-priority <0…2,147,483,647>Configuration of hello interval in seconds(30s default):❑Configuration of hello interval in seconds (30 s default): (Interface s/p)# ip pimsm hello-interval <0…18000>❑Pre-requisite of PIM-SM is a correctly running UC routingNotes: protocol like OSPF.❑MC routing between 2 IFs on one router works if on this router an RP is defined. But the RP needs not to beconfigured itself.❑MC routing between 2 IFs on two routers only works if RP is defined on both routers and on the RP itself.❑For MC routing protocols at neighbor expiry only a trap is defined. For IGMP there is no trap implemented.❑Instead of statically define RPs, now BSR and RPNotes: candidates are configured from which a BSR and RP areelected.❑CLI commands:❑(Config)# ip pimsm bsr-candidate interface <slot/port>❑(Config)# ip pimsm rp-candidate interface <slot/port>Notes:1.Build up a routed network with DVMRPa)check behavior if producer is located in same and indifferent branch of consumer2.Build up a routed network with PIM-DM and check the2Build up a routed network with PIM DM and check thebehaviora)check behavior if producer is located in same and indifferent branch of consumer3.Build up a HIPER Ring with routed networks …a)check behavior if producer is located in same and indifferent branch of consumerAll MC packets with a TTL value less than the definedNotes: threshold were discarded at the specific interface.。