abosolute structure1
有关恩格尔系数的统计分析
(2) 在同样的收入水平上 , 我国的恩格尔系数 比钱纳里的“标准结构”高 ( 见表 1) [1 ] 。这与我国 的饮食消费习惯有关系 。中国的饮食文化历史悠 久 ,源远流长 ,由于中国的国土之大 ,地域之宽广 , 东西南北中的文化传统差异也给当地的饮食文化 烙上了深深地印记 “, 食”文化深深渗透在国人生活 的方方面面 。传统节日 ,国家节假日等具有纪念性 意义的日子 ,一般也是以吃来庆祝 , 人们的吃已不 再是以饱为尺度 ,而是寻求“好”,是要解决吃什么 、 怎么吃 。
1988 年之前 , 由于经济体制改革释放出巨大 能量 ,使居民收入增加很快 , 中国城乡居民的生活 水平逐年提高 ,在农村由于实行家庭联产承包责任 制和统分结合的双层经营机制 ,极大改善了农村的 生产关系 ,调动了农民的积极性 , 收入水平大幅度 提高 ,农村居民的恩格尔系数直线下降 , 1981 年农 村居民的恩格尔系数为 59166 % , 1982 年到 1988 年的恩格尔系数由 60148 %逐年下降到 53141 % , 反映出农村居民的生活水平逐年得到提高 ,而随着 改革重心由农村转移到城市 ,城市居民收入分配与 改革前发生了较大的变化 。1984 年至 1988 年间 ,
预 测 Vol. 22 , No . 2 FORECASTIN G 2003 年第 2 期
有关恩格尔系数的统计分析
王芳
(南京经济学院 经济与统计学院 ,江苏 南京 210003)
摘 要 :本文通过对我国城乡恩格尔系数的考察 ,找出恩格尔系数变动的特征 ,并从数理方面探究影响恩格尔系 数不规则变动的具体因素 ,建立计量模型修正恩格尔系数 ,得出恩格尔定律在我国基本适用的结论 。 关键词 :恩格尔定律 ;恩格尔系数 ;特征 ;适用性 中图分类号 : F12611 文献标识码 :A 文章编号 :100325192 (2003) 0220007204
Expository_Essay-Structure (2)
Structure of a General Expository EssayThe following maps a commonly used structure for many academic essays. Use this outline to guide you as you compose your own argument, research or even descriptive essay.Opening SentenceStart your paper with a general statement about your topic thatcatches the reader’s attention, a relevant quotation, question,anecdote, fascinating fact, definition, analogy, the positionopposing the one you will take, or a dilemma that needs asolution.Introduction ContextProvide the information the reader will need to understand thet op ic.Thesis StatementState your arguable position on the topic that you will supportwith evidence in your body paragraphs.Topic S e n te n ceProvide the main idea of the paragraph.Supporting E vi d e n ceInclude specific textual evidence: cited quotes, paraphrases orsumma ry; or evidence that supports your thesis from othersources: anecdotes, first-person interviews or your ownexperience.Body Paragraphs AnalysisExplain to the reader the significance of the evidence you haveprovided. Think about why you chose to include it. How does thepiece of evidence support your thesis?Trans iti onConnect each paragraph with a sentence or two that demonstrateshow each idea leads into the next, and how they work together tosupport your position.Conclusion Provide the reader an overview of the main ideas you discussed,but also be sure to highlight the progression of your thoughtprocess, offer solutions, next steps or present new questions thatyour paper generated. Don’t only restate your thesis but show thesignificance of your synthesis of the information.My OutlineTry applying this structure to your own writing: write sentences for the corresponding elements of your introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion in the space provided below.。
冀教版英语初三上学期试题及解答参考(2024-2025学年)
2024-2025学年冀教版英语初三上学期模拟试题及解答参考一、听力部分（本大题有20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1、听力原文：W: Hi, John. How was your science fair project?M: It was great! I won first place!Q: What did John win at the science fair?A. First place.B. Second place.C. Third place.D. He didn’t win anything.Answer: AExplanation: The dialogue clearly indicates that John won first place in the science fair, as he says, “I won first place!”2、听力原文：W: Excuse me, sir. Can you help me find the sports section?M: Sure, it’s on the second floor, next to the book department.Q: Where is the sports section located?A. On the first floor.B. On the second floor.C. Next to the book department.D. On the ground floor.Answer: BExplanation: The man in the dialogue states that the sports section is located on the second floor, next to the book department. Therefore, the correct answer is option B.3、You are listening to a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob, discussing their weekend plans.W: Hi, Bob, what are you doing this weekend?M: I’m thinking of going hiking. How about you, Alice?W: That sounds fun! I was actually planning to visit the museum. Have you been there before?M: Yes, I have. It’s amazing. I think you’ll like it too.Question: What is Bob’s plan for the weekend?A) Visiting the museumB) Going hikingC) StudyingD) Going shoppingAnswer: B) Going hikingExplanation: In the conversation, Bob mentions that he’s thinking of going hiking, which indicates that his plan for the weekend is to go hiking.4、You are listening to a weather report for the city of Guangzhou.L: Good morning, everyone. This is your weather report for Guangzhou. The current temperature is 22 degrees Celsius, and it’s a partly cloudy day. The wind is blowing at 5 kilometers per hour from the northeast. The forecast for the rest of the day is for some scattered showers in the afternoon, with a high of 25 degrees Celsius. The humidity is currently at 70%. Remember to carry an umbrella if you’re planning to go out.Question: What is the weather forecast for Guangzhou in the afternoon?A) Clear skiesB) Partly cloudyC) Scattered showersD) SunnyAnswer: C) Scattered showersExplanation: The weather report specifically mentions that there will be some scattered showers in the afternoon, which is the forecasted weather condition.5、You are listening to a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob. They are discussing their weekend plans. Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to the question.Question: What does Alice plan to do this weekend?A. She will go to the movies with her friends.B. She will spend the whole weekend reading books at home.C. She will visit her grandparents in the countryside.Answer: CExplanation: In the conversation, Alice says, “I’m going to visit my grandparents this weekend,” which indicates that she plans to go to the countryside to visit her grandparents.6、Listen to a short passage about the importance of exercise. Choose the best answer to the question.Question: Why is exercise important according to the passage?A. It can help us gain more weight.B. It can improve our memory and concentration.C. It can make us feel more tired.Answer: BExplanation: The passage states that “Regular exercise can improve your memory and concentration, making it easier for you to learn new things.” This implies that exercise is beneficial for cognitive functions like memory and concentration.7、What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of recycling.B) The history of papermaking.C) Ways to reduce waste in daily life.Answer: A) The benefits of recycling.Explanation: In the passage, the speaker talks about how recycling can saveenergy and resources, reduce pollution, and help conserve natural materials like trees and water. Therefore, the correct answer is A.8、According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of recycling?A) Saving energy.B) Reducing pollution.C) Increasing the use of plastics.Answer: C) Increasing the use of plastics.Explanation: The passage lists several benefits of recycling such as saving energy, reducing pollution, and conserving natural materials. It does not mention increasing the use of plastics as a benefit, making option C incorrect.9.You are listening to a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob, discussing their weekend plans.Alice: Hey Bob, what are your plans for the weekend?Bob: Well, I’m thinking of going hiking in the mountains. How about you, Alice? Alice: That sounds great! I was actually planning to go cycling along the river. But maybe we can do both?Bob: Oh, that’s a fantastic idea! We can start our day with cycling a nd then finish it with hiking.Question: What does Alice originally plan to do for the weekend?A) Go hikingB) Go cyclingC) Go mountain climbingD) Go river boatingAnswer: B) Go cycling解析：根据对话中Alice的话“I was actually planning to go cycling along the ri ver.”，我们可以确定Alice最初计划周末去骑自行车。
二级结构 英语
二级结构英语Secondary Structure in EnglishThe secondary structure is an important concept in the field of protein structure analysis. It refers to the local folding patterns of the amino acid chain within a protein molecule. The primary structure of a protein, which is the linear sequence of amino acids, determines its secondary structure. In this article, we will explore the different types of secondary structures and their significance in protein function.The two most common types of secondary structures are alpha-helices and beta-sheets. Alpha-helices are right-handed coils formed by hydrogen bonds between the amino acid residues. They are characterized by a repeating pattern of 3.6 amino acid residues per turn and a rise of 1.5 angstroms per residue along the helical axis. Alpha-helices are often found in the transmembrane regions of membrane proteins and provide stability to the protein structure.On the other hand, beta-sheets are formed by hydrogen bonding between neighboring strands of amino acid residues. They can be either parallel or antiparallel, depending on the orientation of the strands. Beta-sheets are classified into two major types: beta-strands and beta-sheets. Beta-strands are the individual strands, while beta-sheets are formed by the alignment of multiple beta-strands. Beta-sheets are commonly found in the core regions of globular proteins and contribute to their structural stability.Apart from alpha-helices and beta-sheets, there are other secondary structures that play important roles in protein folding. One such structure is the beta-turn, also known as a reverse turn. Beta-turns are short segments of polypeptide chains that reverse their direction. They are characterized by the presence of a hydrogen bond between the carbonyl oxygen of one residue and the amide hydrogen of the residue three positions ahead. Beta-turns often connect two beta-strands in beta-sheets and are crucial for the folding of proteins.Another secondary structure is the random coil or loop region. As the name suggests, this region does not exhibit any regular folding pattern. Instead, it connects the secondary structure elements, allowing flexibility and movement within the protein molecule. Random coils are often found on the protein surface, where they play a role in protein-protein interactions and binding to ligands.The secondary structure of a protein is essential for its proper folding and function. It determines the overall shape and stability of the protein molecule. The folding of proteins into their native structures is driven by the interactions between the amino acid residues and the surrounding environment. These interactions include hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic interactions.In addition to their structural role, secondary structures also contribute to the functional properties of proteins. For example, alpha-helices can form transmembrane domains in membrane proteins, allowing them to anchor in the lipid bilayer. Beta-sheets can participate in protein-protein interactions, forming beta-sheets interactions or beta-sheets sandwiches. Beta-turns are often involved in protein-ligand binding, facilitating the recognition and binding of small molecules.In conclusion, the secondary structure of proteins is crucial for their folding, stability, and function. It encompasses various folding patterns, including alpha-helices, beta-sheets, beta-turns, and random coils. Each of these secondary structures plays a specific role in the overall structure and function of proteins. Understanding the secondary structure of proteins is essential for deciphering their biological functions and designing drugs that target specific protein structures.。
六年级英语文章结构分析单选题50题
六年级英语文章结构分析单选题50题1.The cat in the garden is playing with a ball. The subject in this sentence is_____.A.catB.gardenC.playingD.ball答案：A。
解析：这句话的主语是“The cat”，“in the garden”是定语修饰“cat”，“is playing with a ball”是谓语和宾语部分。
选项B“garden”是地点状语，不是主语；选项C“playing”是谓语动词的一部分，不是主语；选项D“ball”是宾语，不是主语。
2.The boy runs fast. The predicate in this sentence is_____.A.boyB.runsC.fastD.none of the above答案：B。
解析：这句话的谓语是“runs”，表示动作。
选项A“boy”是主语；选项C“fast”是副词，修饰“runs”，不是谓语；选项D 错误。
3.She eats an apple. The object in this sentence is_____.A.SheB.eatsC.an apple答案：C。
解析：这句话的宾语是“an apple”，是动作“eats”的对象。
选项A“She”是主语；选项B“eats”是谓语；选项D 错误。
4.The beautiful girl sings a song. The subject is_____.A.beautifulB.girlC.singsD.song答案：B。
解析：这句话的主语是“The beautiful girl”，“beautiful”是形容词修饰“girl”。
选项A“beautiful”是形容词，不是主语；选项C“sings”是谓语；选项D“song”是宾语。
5.He reads a book. The predicate is_____.A.HeB.readsC.a bookD.none of the above答案：B。
生化名解英文部分
1 The partial double-bond character of the peptide bond makes Cα1, C, O, N, H, Cα2 six atoms coplanar, Cα1 and Cα2 are trans to each other, this semi-rigid plane composed of those six atoms is termed as peptide unit.2 Motifs are the assembling of more than 2 secondary structural elements that fold to near each other in space and have special functions.3 The tertiary structure of some proteins can be divided into two or more relatively independent compact regions that may be joined by a flexible segment of the chain, and have special functions. These compact units called domains4 Protein spatial structures are sensitive to denaturing agents (high T, urea, strong acids or bases, organic solvents, detergents, heavy metal ions)These agents result in unfolding and disorganization of protein spatial structure without change in primary structure, and associate with loss of biological activity5 pI is the pH at which protein molecular becomes electrically neutral, has no net electric chargepositive charged: pH< pI negative charged: pH>pI6 Secondary structures: the localized folding segments of the polypeptide backbone Common secondary structures:α-helix (α螺旋) β- pleated sheet (β折叠) random coil (无规卷曲) β –turn(bend)(β转角) Forces: hydrogen bonds1 Enzymes are highly efficient biocatalysts which are involved in almost all biological reaction. Enzymes are proteins in chemical nature. They have special conformation and can be denatured Some RNA/DNA have enzyme activity, which are called Ribozymes2 active center, catalytic site-- Active site is a three-dimensional, local region of the enzyme, the region is composed of several essential groups of AAs, that has special spatial structure which specifically binds substrate and catalyzes it to become product-- Coenzymes or prosthetic groups can be involved in active site3 small allosteric effectors, which generally have little or no structural similarity to the substrate, binding to allosteric site of the enzyme by non-covalent bonds triggers changes in enzyme conformation, then alter the catalytic capacity of the enzyme.4 The structure and activity of many enzymes can be altered reversibly through covalent modification by another enzymethe most common modification:phosphorylation / dephosphorylation--- addition and removal of a phosphate group Fast control of enzyme activity5 Some enzymes are synthesized and secreted as large inactive precursors called zymogens or proenzymes. Zymogens are activated by the irreversible hydrolysis one or more peptide bonds and forming or exposing the active site in the E moleculeThe enzyme whose activity at the catalytic site may be modulated by the presence of allostericeffector at an allosteric site --allosteric site: to which allosteric effector binds -- catalytic site: to which substrate bind--The allosteric site and catalytic site are distinct and separated spatially on enzyme6 Isozymes (isoenzymes): one group of enzymes catalyze the same reaction have different protein structure, physicochemical and immunological properties present in thesame species, the same individual body or same cell, encoded by the same gene or different genes7 Km is the one of the characteristic constant of an enzyme, depends on structure and properties of E and S as well reaction condition (T, pH and iron)when v =Vmax/2, Km = [S], 10-6~10-2 mol/L Km is related to the affinity of E and S1Glycolysis (糖酵解) 1 glucose is converted to 2 lactate in anaerobic condition.2ATPs are produced in this pathway2 Gluconeogenesis: The glucose or glycogen molecules can be produced in liver from non-carbohydrate such as lactate, pyruvte, amino acid and glycerol largely through reverse pathway of glycolysis .This pathway is called…..The main site of gluconeogenesis is liver (90%). Kidney provide 10% of newly synthesized glucose molecules.3* substrate-level phosphorylationThe transfer of the high-energy phosphoryl group of high- energy substrate (eg. glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate) to ADP, then ATP is formed.4 lactate cycleCori cycle is a mechanism for meeting the glucose needs at exercise. Muscles at work produce lactate from glycolysis when oxygen becomes limiting. Lactate is transported from the muscles to the liver via the bloodstream. In the liver, lactate is converted (gluconeogenesis) back to glucose, where it is dumped back into the bloodstream for transport to muscle.1 Mobilization of Stored Triacylglycerols Triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue are hydrolyzed, the products glycerol and fatty acid are transported to the tissues, in which fatty acids can be oxidized for energy production. The principal enzyme in mobilizing stored fat is triglyceride lipase, which is hormone-sensitive TG lipase (HSL)2β-Oxidation of Fatty Acids。
组织结构(英文)
• in large organization,complement bureaucracy, achieve the efficiency of bureaucracy’s standardization while gaining team’s flexibility
• lean,flat;2 or 3 vertical levels,a loose body of employees,& 1 individual in whom the D-M authority is centralized
• strength--fast,flexible,inexpensive to maintain,& accountability is clear
training.
2. Employee’s skills at performing a tasks
successfully increase through repetition---
• by the 1960s:the human diseconomies from specialization--boredom,fatigue,stress,low productivity,
effectively;the advancement of IT
Business Process Reengineering
1.The team structure
• The use of teams as the central device to coordinate work activities
英语主系表PPT课件
Definition of Main System Table Structure
Description and supplementary explanation
"Appeositive clause" is used to supplement and explain the identity, characteristics, etc. of the subject or object. This sentence structure is usually used to describe the identity, characteristics, etc. of a certain thing or person, and finally the predicate, indicating the characteristics or state of the subject.
PPT courseware for English main table structure
Definition of Main System Table StructureThe basic presence patterns of the main system table structureExtended presence patterns of the main system table structure
01
02
03
The person or thing that performs the action, e.g., "John" in "John reads a book."
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分词的独立结构分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和句子的主语应该一致，否则，分词应该有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立结构。
独立结构一般位于句首，也可位于句尾，表示伴随状况时，常居句首。
1．逻辑主语+现在分词All being well, the project will be finished in five months.Weather (Time) permitting, we shall go there on foot.Advice failing, we have to use force.2.逻辑主语+过去分词This done，they went home.Everything taken into consideration, his plan seems to be more workable.Good luck given, I will earn more money than all of you.(If good luck is given=given good luck)3.逻辑主语+分词的完成式或分词的完成被动式这种结构表示先完成的主动意义或是先完成的被动意义.The moon having risen, they took a walk in the fields.(When the moon had risen) The earthquake having destroyed everything, they became homeless.4. There +being+其它成分这种结构多放在句首，也可放在句尾。
There being nothing to do, we played games.The closed the store, there being no customers.5. 可以省略being 或having been的结构逻辑主语+being+形容词逻辑主语+being+副词逻辑主语+being+名词逻辑主语+being+介词短语逻辑主语+being+过去分词逻辑主语+having been+过去分词逻辑主语+being+不定式The old man sat in the sofa, his face (being) seriousThe storm being over, everything was inpeace again.She came up, her hair being a wreck.独立结构中的逻辑主语前有时可以加with或without，作伴随状语或定语，这种结构中除用分词外，还可以用不定式，形容词，介词短语，副词或是名词。
With night coming on, they went home. He sat at desk with the moon peeping through the window.With the sun up, they continued their journey.从looking up at the sky, the moon shone bright and clear之误看分词等的悬垂结构。
分词短语相当于状语从句，其逻辑主语通常是主句的主语。
如Looking up at the sky, she saw the moon shining bright and clear.主句的主语she如果分词短语的逻辑主语不是主句的主语，这样的分词短语就是悬垂结构。
如Looking up at the sky, the moon shone bright and clear.主句的主语是the moon不可能是looking up at the sky的逻辑主语，故该分词结构就悬垂无依着了。
悬垂修饰语是可以避免的病句。
归纳起来可分为下面几类1.悬垂致病的分词结构Walking along lake , the country scenery presented a lovely show.修改：As she was walking along the lake, the country scenery presented a lovely show.2.Walking along the lake, he enjoyed a lovely show of the country scenery.2.悬垂致病的动名词结构By building a railway there, coal can be carried out from the mountains.改：By building a railway there, people can carry coal out from the mountains.3.悬垂致病的不定式结构To speak English well, a lot of practice is needed.改：To speak English well, we need (one needs) a lot of practice.4.悬垂致病的从句结构While reading the book, the door bell rang. 改：while she was reading the book, the door bell rang.或：while reading the book, she heard the door bell ring.5.悬垂但不致病的分词及分词短语1.单个现在分词（已转化为介词）Regarding, concerning, considering, respecting关于, touching关于, including, counting包括, barring除了, following在后, beginning在---之前, wanting没有（缺）, failing没有, pending在---之前, notwithstanding尽管,exceptingI know nothing regarding the present situation.Touching her wealth, I have nothing to say.Wanting patience, one won’t succeed. Failing water, fish can’t liveNote: supposing一词可作分词，后跟单词做宾语，也可作连词，后跟句子，应为supposing that表示万一---，that可省掉。
Supposing her unwilling, what then? Supposing the price to be low, will you buy it?Supposing that something should go wrong, what would you do then? Supposing that he can’t come, who will do the work?2.分词短语这类分词是及物动词，有些是不及物动词，为固定说法。
有些已转化为介词短语。
According to，judging from，talking of，allowing for，owing to，coming to，getting back to，not excepting包括，leaving---on one side抛开---不谈，taking all things together，taking all things into consideration全盘考虑，setting aside，viewing it from this point从这一点来讲。
Coming to politics, he is a layman. Talking of this film, it is wonderful. Viewing it from this standpoint, the regulation should not be abolished. Setting aside the price, the machine has some other deficiencies.3.副词+speakingGenerally speaking, frankly speaking, roughly speaking, honestly speaking, properly speaking, strictly speaking, politically speaking, geographically speaking, biologically speaking, theoretically speaking6.悬垂但不致病的从句结构1.when，while时间从句He enjoyed swimming when a young man.(he was)A fortress is most vulnerable when attacked from within.(it is )2.where, wherever 地点从句The river is smooth where deep(it is)静水流深。
Plant trees wherever possible.(it is)3.though, although, even if, however, whether, while让步从句Although in his teens, he has already made some discoveries.(he is)4. since原因从句That is a useless, since impossible, proposal.(he is)He has, since a famous scientist, great influence on the public.(he is)5.till,until 时间从句She didn’t care about it till too late.(it was) Don’t say anything until asked.(you are) 6.as, than比较从句Alice is more shy than unsocial.(she is) She is healthier than ever.(she has---been) His deep thinking can be more easily conceived than described.(it can be easily) 7.as, as if, as though 方式从句She wrote the paper as she was requested. The hill as it is seen from here commandsa fine view.8.if unless 条件从句He is fifty, if he is a day old.We have covered 200 miles, if we have come a yard.7.granted that结构有些有分词+that 构成的短语可引导从句，表示原因，让步，条件等，为正确用法。