高考倒装句专题-语文
高考专题 倒装句、定语从句

一、课前回顾二、练习题错题讲解三、语法讲解装句6.在no sooner…than; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely …when; 句型中,前面的句子要部分倒装:e.g.:No sooner had I reached the station than the train left. =Hardly had I reached the station when the train left.Not only does he like English but also he learns it well.注:not only…but also, neither…nor连接两个主语不倒装。
Not only he but also I went to the park.7.以so, neither, nor开头的句子,表相同概念的肯定或否定时,要全部倒装:e.g.:I have never been to Beijing. Nor has he.She is a teacher, so am I.8.so/such…that句型中,把so/such修饰的那部分放在句首时,主句要部分倒装:e.g.:Such an interesting film was it that they were all moved.So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him.So angry was he that he couldn’t say a word.9.as引导的让步状语从句,常把表语、状语置于主首,用倒装:e.g.:Pretty as Mary is, she is not clever.Try as they might, they couldn’t get out of the trouble.注:如果表语是单数可数名词,该词前一般不加冠词。
高考语文倒装句的分类及例句高中语文基础知识总结高中

2021年高考语文倒装句的分类及例句|高中语文基础知识总结|高中语文基础知识大全-的为大家整理了2021年高考语文文言文倒装句的分类及例句,希望对大家有所帮助。
如果有其他最新的资讯,会在第一时间大家,请大家持续关注。
ﻭ我们把高考语文文言文中句子成分的排列语序跟现代汉语不同的句子叫倒装句。
倒装是就现代汉语的习惯而言。
古人一贯那样说,就无所谓倒顺。
主要包括:ﻭ1。
【高考语文】主谓倒装(谓语前置,主语后说)(1)甚矣,汝之不惠! ——汝之不惠,甚矣! 《愚公移山》ﻭ(2)安在公子能急人之困也!——公子能急人之困安在也!《信陵君窃符救赵》ﻭ(3)“汝之不惠”和“公子能急人之困"是主语,“甚矣"和“安在"是谓语.主语先说的情况多用于感叹句或疑问句。
ﻭ2。
【高考语文】宾语前置ﻭ文言中宾语提到动词前面,大致有三种情况:(1)否定句中代词作宾语,宾语一般置于动词前.例如:ﻭ①自书典所记,未之有也。
-—未有之也《张衡传》ﻭ②残贼公行,莫之或止;大命将泛,莫之振救。
-- 莫振救之《论积贮疏》ﻭ③古之人不余欺也。
——古之人不欺余也《石**记》ﻭ(2)疑问句中疑问代词作宾语,宾语一般前置。
例如:①权知其意,执肃手曰:“卿欲何言” ——卿欲言何《壁之战》ﻭ②沛在 -—沛公在安《》ﻭ③大王来何操-- 大王来操何《》在这种句式中,介词的宾语也前置。
例如:ﻭ④王问:“何以知之”-- 以何知之《廉颇蔺相如列传》ﻭ⑤臣舍人相如止臣曰:“君何以知燕王” -—君以何知燕王《廉颇蔺相如列传》ﻭ⑥微斯人,吾谁与归!——吾与谁归!《**楼记》ﻭ(3)用“之”“是”把宾语提到动词前,以加重语气。
这种情况在文言中也并不多。
例如:①譬若以肉投馁虎,何功之有哉 -—有何功哉《信陵君窃符救赵》ﻭ②成语:唯利是图、唯你是问、唯命是从-—唯图利、唯问你、唯从命ﻭ③孜孜焉唯进修是急——孜孜焉唯急进修《问说》ﻭ④吾少孤,及长,不省所怙,惟兄是依.—- 惟依兄《祭十二郎文》(4)宾语前置例句:(1)古之人不余欺也!(《石**记》)ﻭ(2)世溷浊而莫余知兮,吾方高驰而不顾。
2000-2016年高考倒装句试题汇编

2000-2016年高考题倒装句试题汇编1. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _____ so happy! (2000北京春季)A. did I feelB. I feltC. I had feltD. had I felt2. ______can you expect to get a pay rise. (01北京春季)A.With hard work B.Although work hardC.Only with hard work D.Now that he works hard3. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______with each other. (03全国卷)A.they had quarreled B.they have quarreledC.have they quarreled D.had they quarreled4. I failed in the final examination last term and only then_______the importance of studies.(04重庆)A. I realizedB. I had realizedC. had I realizedD. did I realize5. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ______ any end to theiri nfluence man’s lives.(04广东)A. there isB. there areC. is thereD. are there6. Maybe you have been to many countries , but nowhere else _______such a beautiful palace . (04辽宁)A.can you find B.you could find C.you can find D.could you find7. ________ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (04上海)A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring8.In the dark forests________,some large enough to hold several Englishtowns.(2005辽宁,35)A. stand many lakesB. lie many lakesC. many lakes lieD. many lakes stand9.______by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over companies.(2006浙江,9)A. OnlyB. JustC. StillD. Yet10.Only then ______how much damage had been caused.(2006陕西,16)A. had she realizedB. she realizedC. did she realizeD. she had realized11.I failed in the final examination last term and only then _______the importance of studies.(2004重庆,34)A.I realizedB.I had realizedC. had I realizedD. did I realize12._______homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.(2006福建,30)A. So muchB. Too muchC.Too littleD. So little13.So difficult ________it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.(2006广东,33)A.I did findB. did I findC.I have foundD. have I found14.________about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.(2005江苏,35)A. So curious the couple wasB. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple wereD. The couple was such curious15.I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ______with my progress.(2006重庆24)A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied16.Never before ________in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.(2005上海,39)A. has this city beenB. this city has beenC. was this cityD. this city was17.---I reminded you not to forget the appointment.(2006江西,31)---________.A. So you didB. So I do notC. So did youD. So do I18.---Father,you promised!(2005湖北,34)---Well,________.But it was you who didn't keep your word first.A. so was IB. so did IC. so I wasD. so I did19.---Well.I do think the rabbit is a beautiful,gentle animal which can run very fast.---________. (2005辽宁,32)A. So it isB. So is itC. So does itD. So it does20.Mary never does any reading in the evening,_____.(2005NMET,16)A. so does JohnB. John does tooC. John doesn't tooD. nor does John21.---I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!---______.(2004NMET,32)A. Nor am IB. Neither would IC. Same with me D . So do I22.______,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.(2005重庆,27)A. A quiet student as he may beB. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he may beD. Quiet as he may be a student23.______,Carolina couldn't get the door open.(2005广东,23)A. Try as she mightB. As she might tryC. She might as tryD. Might she as try24. If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,________.(2007全国,11)A. he will eitherB. neither will heC. he neither willD. either he will25. Little _______ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.(2007安徽,22)A. he realizedB. he did n’t realizedC. didn’t he realizeD. did he realize26. ________,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.(2007重庆,34)A. Strange as might it soundB. As it might sound strangeC.As strange it might soundD.Strange as it might sound27.---- My room gets very cold at night.----______.(2007江苏,31)A.So is mineB. So mine isC. So does mineD. So mine does28. ____ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (2007陕西,10)A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successfulD.So was her successful business29.I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _______ so lonely as now.(2007辽宁,23)A. have I feltB. I had feltC. I have feltD. had I felt302. So much of interest _________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. (2008上海,39)A. offers BeijingB.Beijing offersC. does Beijing offerD.Beijing does offer31. Not until the motorbike looked almost new _________ repairing and cleaning it. (2008陕西,7)A. he stoppedB. did he stopC. stopped heD. he did stop32. Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how much I loved them. (2008重庆,26)A. I realizedB. I had realizedC. had I realizedD. did I realize33. ______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. (2008江苏,32)A. only if; will youB. Only if; you willC. Unless; will youD. Unless; you will34. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______.(2008辽宁,35)A. I was neitherB. neither was IC. I was eitherD. either was I35. It was announced that only when the fire was under control ________ permitted to return to their homes. (2008江西,31)A. the residents would beB. had the residents beenC. would the residents beD. the residents had been36. (09福建) For a moment nothing happened. Then _______---all shouting together.A. voices had comeB. came voicesC. voices would comeD. did voices come37. (09海南) 8. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only________ , but students became more interested in the lessons.A. saved was teachers’ energyB. was teachers’ energy savedC. teachers’ energy was savedD. was saved teachers’ energy38. (09山东) So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape.A. did the attackB. the attack didC. was the attackD. the attack was39. (09陕西)11. Little _________about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.A. did Rose careB. Rose did careC. Rose does careD. does Rose care40. (09四川)14.. Not until I came home last night ________ to bed.A. Mum did goB. did Mum goC. went MumD. Mum went41. (09重庆)16. Unsatisfied _________ with the payment, he took the job just to getsome work experience.A. though was heB. though he wasC. he was thoughD. was he though42. (10 江西) Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.A did he beginB had he begunC he beganD he had begun 43.(10四川)We laugh at jokes,but seldom about how they work.A.we think B.think we C.we do think D.do we think 44. (10江苏)—Is everyone here?—Not yet. Look , there_______ the rest of our guests!A. comeB. comesC. is comingD. are coming45. (10 重庆)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie ChongqingD. does Chongqing lie46(2011全国卷I) 22. Try____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.A.ifB. whenC. sineD.asB.47(2011全国卷I) 28. Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he’d been in last year.A. he realizedB. he did realizeC. realized heD.did he realize48(2011福建卷)29.-It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink!-I’m glad you like it.A.I have hadB. I hadC.have i hadD. had I49. (2011湖南卷)Only after they had discussed the matte for a few hours ________a decision.A they reachedB did they reachC they reachedD do they reach50.(重庆高考,33)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor _____ it a thought.A. does he even giveB. he even givesC. will he even giveD. he will even give51.(天津高考,6)Only after Mary read her composition the second time _____ the spelling mistake.A. did she noticeB. she noticedC. does she noticeD. she has noticed52.(江西高考,32)Never before _______ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.A. had sheB. she hadC. has sheD. she has53.(四川高考,5)This is not my story, nor _______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.A. is thereB. there isC. is itD. it is54.(辽宁高考,)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _______ havinga holiday abroad.A. he had consideredB. had he consideredC. he consideredD. did he consider55.(上海高考,29)Only with the greatest of luck ________to escape from the rising flood waters.A. managed sheB. she managedC. did she manageD. she did manage56【2013福建】34. Not until he went through real hardship _______ the love we have for our families is important.A. had he realizedB. did he realizeC. he realizedD. he had realized 57【2013湖南】35. Not once ________ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.A. occurred itB. it did occurC. it occurredD. did it occur58【2013江苏】27. “Never for a second ,”the boy says, “________ that my father would come to my rescue.”A. I doubtedB. do I doubtC. I have doubtedD. did I doubt59【2013江西】25. Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _______to him again.A. I will speakB. will I speakC. do I speakD. I speak60【2013辽宁】26. At no time______ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.A. they actually brokeB. do they actually breakC. did they actually breakD. they had actually broken61【2013新课标II卷】12. Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ________ properly in this hospital.A. can be the patientsB. can the patients be treatedC. the patients can be treatedD. treated can be the patients62 (2014大纲卷)26. _______ the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.A. Not do onlyB. Do not onlyC. Only not doD. Not only do63 (2014福建卷)32. ______ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A. Were thereB. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been64 (2014湖南卷)29. Only when you can find peace in your heart ______good relationships with others.A. will you keepB. you will keepC. you keptD. did you keep65.(2014陕西卷)17. No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.A. had Mo YanB. Mo Yan hadC. has Mo YanD. Mo Yan has66.(2014天津卷)15. ________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catchB. should be catchC. has he caughtD. Had he caught67.(2015天津卷) 3. Only when Lily walked into the office _______ that she had left the contract at home.A.she realizedB.has she realizedC. she has realizedD. did she realize68.(2015江苏卷) 28. It might have saved me some trouble _______ the schedule.A.did I knowB. have I knownC. do I knowD. had I known69.(2016江苏卷) 34. Not until recently _______ the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.A.they had encouragedB. had they encouragedC. did they encourageD. they encouraged2000-2016年高考题倒装句试题汇编1--5 ACCDC 6--10 ABBAC 11--15 DABBD 16--20 AADAD 21--25 BBABD 26--30 DCBAC 31--35 BDABC 36--40 BBCAB 41--45 BADAA 46--50 DDCBC 51--55 ACCDC 56--60 BDDBC 61--65 BDAAA 66--70DDDC。
2025届高考语文复习:文言倒装句之状语后置+课件

作业
阅读一篇文言文,找出其中的状语后置句并进行分析和翻译。
翻译:因为郑文公曾对晋文公无礼,而且对楚国怀有二心。
例:不能喻之于怀。(王羲之《兰亭集序》)
析:“于怀”构成介词结构短语,作状语,“于”表示 “在……”,此时“于”是状语后置的标志,正常语序是:不 能于怀喻之。
译:不能在心里明白(表达感受)。类似于:不能释怀。
二、谓语+介词(以)+名词
例:申之以孝悌之义。(《孟子》)
01 状语后置的概念
“青,取之于蓝,而青于蓝”
思考: 句子中词语的顺序与现代汉语有什么差异?
• 现代汉语中,状语一般放在动词或形容词之前,用来修饰、限制动词或形容词,表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或 程度等。
现代汉语中状语的常见形式
1.副词作状语,如“轻轻地”、“明目张胆地”; 2.表示时间、处所的名词经常做状语,如“明天”、 “校园里”; 3.介词结构常做状语,如“用手”、“在教室里”
析:“乎此时”构成“乎+名词”的介词结构,虚词“乎” 是“在”的意思,“乎”是状语后置的标志,正常语序是: 吾独乎此时穷困也。
译:我只有在此时遭受了穷困命运多舛啊。
四、介词省略
例:乃以宗正刘礼为将军,军霸上。《周亚夫军细柳》
析:“霸上”是一个地点名词,前面是名词作动词的“军”, 正常句子应该是:军于霸上。(于霸上军)此句将“于”省 略。
析:“以孝悌之义”构成“以+名词”的介词结构,虚词 “以”是“把、将”的意思。“以”是状语后置的标志,正 常语序是:以孝悌之义申之。
译:把孝悌的道理反复讲给百姓听。
完整版)高考倒装句真题及答案

完整版)高考倒装句真题及答案2011全国卷I 28:He realized it was the same place he had been in last year only when he reached the tea-house.解析:本题考察倒装句。
由于Only引导的状语从句位于句首,应把主句中动词的助动词提前构成部分倒装。
2011福建卷29:I'm glad you like it。
Never before have I had such a special drink!解析:本题考查时态及倒装。
由于never是否定副词,置于句首,句子要部分倒装。
由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料,应该用现在完成时,故选C项。
2011湖南卷32:Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours did they XXX.解析:本题考察only前置的倒装句。
由于Only引导状语从句前置,主句主谓要部分倒装。
又因为从前文中的"had discussed"判断出是过去时间,故选B;句意:只有在他们讨论这个问题好几个小时之后他们才作出决定。
2010江苏:XXX here。
- Not yet。
Look。
there come the rest of our guests!解析:本题考察倒装句。
谓语动词根据后面的主语。
2010四川:If you have a job。
do devote yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.解析:本题考查动词时态和语态。
应使用一般现在时态,表示客观事实。
同时,应使用动词的原形。
We should always strive to do our best in any job we have。
If you have a job。
高考作文高分秘籍(一)-倒装句

7、 巧用as 倒装 • Object as you may, I’ll go. • Rich as our country is, our quality of life is by no means satisfactory.
8、长句子示例 • With these steps, we can change our society into one out of which comes
Dear Lucy,
I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. So meaningful is it that I am eager to share with you. First,we’ll go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly. Then we’ll spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy. We should be back around 4 o’clock in the afternoon. If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning. I hope that you can join us because not only are these activities beneficial to the old, but they also enrich our school life. Looking forward to your reply.
高考语法复习—倒装句上课用

一.倒装的概述1.倒装的目的:由于结构和修辞的需要,如为了句子的平衡,为了强调等。
2.部分倒装1. 否定意义的词或短语,位于句首,需部分倒装。
如否定词no, not, never ;半否定词hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, rarely, little, few ;no 合成的代词或副词nobody, nothing, nowhere ;否定的短语not until, by no means, in no way, in no time, under no circumstances 。
No word did he say before he left.Never had I heard or seen such a thing.Little did I know about it.Nowhere will you find better roses than theses.Not until he went abroad did he know the truth.By no means shall we give up.2. not only (merely, alone, simply)…(but) also 连接两个并列分句,前一分句需倒装。
Not only did we lose our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.Not simply is this book interesting but also instructive.注意:Not only you but also I (连接并列主语不倒装)will attend the meeting.3. neither …nor 连接两个并列分句,前后两个分句都倒装。
Neither did they write nor did they telephone.Neither is he wrong nor are you.Neither could I help you, nor could he.Neither French nor German do I know.Neither on Saturday nor on Sunday do we have lessons.注意: Neither you nor I (连接并列主语不倒装) like this book.4. Only + 副词+时间状语+介词短语等位于句首的时候,位于句首,需部分倒装。
高考特殊句式---倒装句

定 语 后 2、用“之”把形容词定语后置。 置 小
3、中心词+之+定语+者式结构
1、用“者”表示。中心词+定语+者”式结构
结 4、数量词作定语常后置。
巩固练习
翻译下列句子。 1、军人皆观望无斗志,思恭募军士先登者厚赏, 于是诸军贾勇,大败贼,思恭矫诏以上供钱帛 给之。 军士都迟疑不决没有斗志,段思恭招募 能先登山的军士,(并许诺)厚加赏赐,在这种 情势下,众军奋勇,大败贼人,段思恭假托圣旨 拿用于供奉的钱帛奖赏士兵。
“不信自” “未有之” “不欺余”
句子的特点:
1、都是否定句, 2、代词分别是“自”“之”“余” 别作“信”“有”“欺”的宾语, 3、宾语都前置。
,它们分
规律二:否定句中代词作宾语时,宾语前置。
翻译下列句子,找出它们的特点 1、句读之不知,惑之不解。 2、何陋之有? 3、无乃尔是过矣? 4、唯利是图。唯才是举。 5、唯余马首是瞻。
翻译下列句子,找出它们的特点
①忌不自信 ②然而不王者,未之有也。 ③古之人不余欺也!
句子的特点: 1、都是否定句, 2、代词分别是“自”“之”“余”, 它们分别作“信”“有”“欺”的宾语, 3、宾语都前置。
第二种类型:
否定句中代词作宾语时,宾语前置。
翻译下列句子,找出它们的特点 之 ①譬若以肉投馁虎,何功之有哉! 之 之 ②句读之不知,惑之不解。 第三种类型:用“之” 把宾语提到动词前。
动词可以带宾语,介词也可以带宾语。宾语 前置有以下几种情况。 一是疑问句或否定句中疑问代词作宾语时,宾 语前置。 二是用“之”或“是”把宾语提取到动词前, 这时的“之”“是”只是宾语前置的标志,没有 什么实在意义。
翻译下列句子,找出它们的特点 之 之 1、蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强 之 之 2、居庙堂之高则忧其民,处江湖之远则忧其君。 3、马之千里者 之 者,一食或尽粟一石 。 之 者 4、石之铿然有声者,所在皆是也。 5、求人可使报秦者 者,未得。 一双 一双 6、我持白璧一双,欲献项王;玉斗一双,欲与亚 父。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
高考专题:倒装句
一、主谓倒装——主谓倒装也叫谓语前置或主语后置。
在感叹句或疑问句中,为了强调谓语而将它放到句首,以加强感叹或疑问语气。
●例:甚矣,汝之不惠。
全句是“汝之不惠甚矣”。
谓语前置,表强调的意味,可译
为“你太不聪明了”。
●例:起来,不愿做奴隶的人们!
二、宾语前置——强调宾语,翻译时认准“提宾标志”哦~
(一)、疑问句中,疑问代词做宾语,宾语前置。
这类句子,介词的宾语也是前置的。
a 介宾倒装
●例:孔文子何以谓之“文”也?“何以”是“以何”的倒装,可译为“为什么”;
●例:微斯人,吾谁与归?“吾谁与归”是“吾与谁归”的倒装,可译为“我和谁同道呢?”
b谓宾倒装
●例:何有于我哉?“何有”是“有何”的倒装。
古汉语中,疑问代词做宾语时,一般放
在谓语的前面。
可译为“有哪一样”。
(二)、否定句中,代词做宾语,宾语前置。
●例:僵卧孤村不自哀“不自哀”是“不哀自”的倒装,可译为“不为自己感到悲哀”。
“自”,代词,在否定句中,代词做宾语要前置。
●例:“忌不自信”,“自信”即“信自”,意相信自己。
(三)、用“之”或“是”把宾语提于动词前,以突出强调宾语。
这时的“之”只是宾语前置的标志,没有什么实在意义。
●例:莲之爱,同予者何人?“莲之爱”即“爱莲”的倒装,可译为“喜爱莲花”。
“之”,
助词,无实在意义,在这里是宾语前置的标志。
●例:孔子云:“何陋之有”“何陋之有”即“有何陋”的倒装。
可译为“有什么简陋呢”。
“之”,助词,无实在意义,在这里是宾语前置的标志。
(四)、介词“以”的宾语比较活跃,即使不是疑问代词,也可以前置,表示强调。
●例:是以谓之“文”也。
“是以”是“以是”的倒装,可译为“因此”。
“是”是指示代词,
指代前面的原因。
●例:均之二策,宁许之以负秦曲。
《廉颇蔺相如列传》
(五)、其他,表示强调。
●例:万里赴戎机,关山度若飞。
“关山度”是“度关山”的倒装。
可译为“跨过一道道
关,越过一道道山”。
三、定语后置——将定语放在中心词之后,有时为了突出修饰语,强调定语所表现的内容,有时为了使语气流畅。
(一)“中心词+后置定语+者”
●例:遂率子孙荷担者三夫,“荷担者三夫”是“三夫荷担者”的倒装,定语“三夫”后置,
以突出中心词“荷担者”,可译为“三个能挑担子的成年男子”。
●例:峰回路转,有亭翼然临于泉上者,醉翁亭也。
“亭翼然临于泉上”是“翼然临于
泉上亭”的倒装,定语后置,可译为“一座像鸟儿张开翅膀一样高踞在泉上的亭子。
”
(二)“中心词+之+后置定语+者”
●例:予谓菊,花之隐逸者也。
“花之隐逸者”是“隐逸之花”的倒装。
可译为“具有隐
逸气质的花”
(三)数量词做定语后置
●例:尝贻余核舟一,“核舟一”是“一核舟”的倒装,定语“一”后置,可译为“一个核
舟”
四、介宾结构后置
(一)用介词“于”组成的介宾短语在文言文中大都后置,译成现代汉语时,除少数译作补语外,大都数都要移到动词前做状语。
●例:何有于我哉?全句为“于我有何哉”的倒装句,介宾结构“于我”后置。
译为“在我身
上有哪一样呢”
●例:“告之于帝”是“于帝告之”的倒装,介宾结构“于帝”后置,译为“向天帝报告了这件
事”
●例:躬耕于南阳,苟全性命于乱世,全句为“于南阳躬耕,于乱世苟全性命”的倒装,介
宾结构“于南阳、于乱世”后置,可译为“亲自在南阳耕种,在乱世中苟且保全性命”。
(二)介词“以”组成的介宾短语后置,在今译时,一般都前置做状语。
●例:屠惧,投以骨。
全句为“以骨投之”的倒装,介宾结构“以骨”后置。
译为“把骨头扔
给它”为坛而盟,祭以尉首。
●例:“祭以尉首”是“以尉首祭”的倒装,介宾结构“以尉首”后置,可译为“用将尉的头来
祭祀”醉能同其乐,醒能述以文者。
●例:“述以文”是“以文述”的倒装,介宾结构“以文”后置,可译为“用文字来记述”
●例:愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效。
“托臣以讨贼兴复之效”是“以讨贼兴复之效托臣”的
倒装,介宾结构“以讨贼兴复之效”后置。