高考倒装句专题-语文

高考倒装句专题-语文
高考倒装句专题-语文

高考专题:倒装句

一、主谓倒装——主谓倒装也叫谓语前置或主语后置。

在感叹句或疑问句中,为了强调谓语而将它放到句首,以加强感叹或疑问语气。

●例:甚矣,汝之不惠。全句是“汝之不惠甚矣”。谓语前置,表强调的意味,可译

为“你太不聪明了”。

●例:起来,不愿做奴隶的人们!

二、宾语前置——强调宾语,翻译时认准“提宾标志”哦~

(一)、疑问句中,疑问代词做宾语,宾语前置。这类句子,介词的宾语也是前置的。

a 介宾倒装

●例:孔文子何以谓之“文”也?“何以”是“以何”的倒装,可译为“为什么”;

●例:微斯人,吾谁与归?“吾谁与归”是“吾与谁归”的倒装,可译为“我和谁同道呢?”

b谓宾倒装

●例:何有于我哉?“何有”是“有何”的倒装。古汉语中,疑问代词做宾语时,一般放

在谓语的前面。可译为“有哪一样”。

(二)、否定句中,代词做宾语,宾语前置。

●例:僵卧孤村不自哀“不自哀”是“不哀自”的倒装,可译为“不为自己感到悲哀”。

“自”,代词,在否定句中,代词做宾语要前置。

●例:“忌不自信”,“自信”即“信自”,意相信自己。

(三)、用“之”或“是”把宾语提于动词前,以突出强调宾语。这时的“之”只是宾语前置的标志,没有什么实在意义。

●例:莲之爱,同予者何人?“莲之爱”即“爱莲”的倒装,可译为“喜爱莲花”。“之”,

助词,无实在意义,在这里是宾语前置的标志。

●例:孔子云:“何陋之有”“何陋之有”即“有何陋”的倒装。可译为“有什么简陋呢”。

“之”,助词,无实在意义,在这里是宾语前置的标志。

(四)、介词“以”的宾语比较活跃,即使不是疑问代词,也可以前置,表示强调。

●例:是以谓之“文”也。“是以”是“以是”的倒装,可译为“因此”。“是”是指示代词,

指代前面的原因。

●例:均之二策,宁许之以负秦曲。《廉颇蔺相如列传》

(五)、其他,表示强调。

●例:万里赴戎机,关山度若飞。“关山度”是“度关山”的倒装。可译为“跨过一道道

关,越过一道道山”。

三、定语后置——将定语放在中心词之后,有时为了突出修饰语,强调定语所表现的内容,有时为了使语气流畅。

(一)“中心词+后置定语+者”

●例:遂率子孙荷担者三夫,“荷担者三夫”是“三夫荷担者”的倒装,定语“三夫”后置,

以突出中心词“荷担者”,可译为“三个能挑担子的成年男子”。

●例:峰回路转,有亭翼然临于泉上者,醉翁亭也。“亭翼然临于泉上”是“翼然临于

泉上亭”的倒装,定语后置,可译为“一座像鸟儿张开翅膀一样高踞在泉上的亭子。”

(二)“中心词+之+后置定语+者”

●例:予谓菊,花之隐逸者也。“花之隐逸者”是“隐逸之花”的倒装。可译为“具有隐

逸气质的花”

(三)数量词做定语后置

●例:尝贻余核舟一,“核舟一”是“一核舟”的倒装,定语“一”后置,可译为“一个核

舟”

四、介宾结构后置

(一)用介词“于”组成的介宾短语在文言文中大都后置,译成现代汉语时,除少数译作补语外,大都数都要移到动词前做状语。

●例:何有于我哉?全句为“于我有何哉”的倒装句,介宾结构“于我”后置。译为“在我身

上有哪一样呢”

●例:“告之于帝”是“于帝告之”的倒装,介宾结构“于帝”后置,译为“向天帝报告了这件

事”

●例:躬耕于南阳,苟全性命于乱世,全句为“于南阳躬耕,于乱世苟全性命”的倒装,介

宾结构“于南阳、于乱世”后置,可译为“亲自在南阳耕种,在乱世中苟且保全性命”。

(二)介词“以”组成的介宾短语后置,在今译时,一般都前置做状语。

●例:屠惧,投以骨。全句为“以骨投之”的倒装,介宾结构“以骨”后置。译为“把骨头扔

给它”为坛而盟,祭以尉首。

●例:“祭以尉首”是“以尉首祭”的倒装,介宾结构“以尉首”后置,可译为“用将尉的头来

祭祀”醉能同其乐,醒能述以文者。

●例:“述以文”是“以文述”的倒装,介宾结构“以文”后置,可译为“用文字来记述”

●例:愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效。“托臣以讨贼兴复之效”是“以讨贼兴复之效托臣”的

倒装,介宾结构“以讨贼兴复之效”后置。

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