-Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2005 透明国际清廉指数排排位与来源

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腐败指数

腐败指数

2010年全球清廉度排行榜:中国第78名2010-10-27 12:58:45来源: 黄河新闻网跟贴7626 条手机看新闻核心提示:监视世界各国腐败行为的非政府组织“透明国际”26日公布了2010年度全球腐败指数报告,中国排名第78,比去年上升1位。

丹麦、新西兰和新加坡三国并列第一。

日本“清廉度”在178个国家和地区中排名第17,与去年持平。

美国7.1分,位列22名,索马里1.1分,为倒数第一。

2010年全球清廉度排行榜2010年全球清廉度排行榜注:2010年度腐败指数(corruption perception index 2010):黄色为非常清廉,红色为非常腐败,颜色渐深代表腐败程度的提高,白色为没有数据。

黄河新闻网10月27日报道监视世界各国腐败行为的非政府组织(NGO)“透明国际”26日公布了2010年度全球腐败指数报告。

日本“清廉度”在178个国家和地区中排名第17,与去年持平,中国则排名第78,比去年上升1位。

丹麦、新西兰和新加坡三国并列第一。

腐败指数以各国际组织收集的数据为依据,对各国政治家及公务员的“清廉度”进行评分,满分为10分。

自1995年起每年发布一次。

丹麦、新西兰和新加坡取得9.3分,芬兰和瑞典取得9.2分并列第四。

日本7.8分,中国3.5分。

美国7.1分、位列22名,索马里1.1分、为倒数第一。

阿富汗和缅甸1.4分、居第176。

透明国际强调称:“全世界很多贫穷的人是腐败问题的受害者。

”并呼吁国际社会应加强法制建设,铲除腐败现象。

透明国际(Transparency International)即“国际透明组织”,简称TI,是一个非政府、非盈利、国际性的民间组织。

“透明国际”于1993年由德国人彼得·艾根创办,总部设在德国柏林,以推动全球反腐败运动为己任,今天已成为对腐败问题研究得最权威、最全面和最准确的国际性非政府组织,目前已在90多个国家成立了分会。

它的研究结果经常被其他权威国际机构反复引用。

中国腐败治理的历史梳理

中国腐败治理的历史梳理

中国腐败治理的历史梳理国家人文历史微信账号2014-07-31今天,中国人已经习惯于抱怨腐败现象的猖獗和反腐败的措施如何不利,在“加大力度”的话语下一个接一个“大案要案”的调查与揭露,除了给老百姓增添了茶余饭后的谈资,以及更加确定了人们脑中对于“权力”的各种想象之外,似乎也并没有起到所宣称的“震慑”腐败的作用。

没错,腐败是一个困扰全球的难题,在著名的反腐败国际组织“透明国际”(Transparency International)所发布的“清廉指数”(Corruption Perception Index)中,如果大家有兴趣把这个数据从1996年至今所有国家的得分情况作一个时间跨度的对比的话,可以发现比较清廉的国家依然还是那么几个。

透明国际的反腐败工作开展了那么多年,众多国家不断加入联合国“反腐败公约”,但是可以很确定地说,全球腐败的状况没有什么明显改善。

难怪腐败研究的专家斯文森(Jakob Svensson)认为腐败研究中最大的难题之一就是:世界上有那么多的反腐败机构,人们为反腐败开出了那么多的药方,为什么成功的反腐败案例却如凤毛麟角(公认的成功案例只有新加坡和中国香港)?其实这个问题并不是没有答案,遍访各种腐败治理研究的文献,药方无非是两条:一条是国家中心主义的。

即要想成功的反腐败,一定需要一个有坚定反腐败决心的政治领导人或者领导集团,一个或几个强而有力的反腐败机构(如香港的廉政公署),一套专业化且行之有效的反腐败制度或者律法等等,总之,只要国家行动起来,腐败治理就有希望;另一条则是社会中心主义的。

反腐败决不仅仅是国家的事儿,公众参与才是反腐败斗争不断深入下去的主要动力。

在发展中国家中,手握国家权力的人——公职人员——就是公共部门腐败的主体,没有公众参与的推动,国家反腐败的决心从何而来;没有公众参与的支持,反腐败部门的权力如何得到加强;没有公众参与的力量,反腐败改革如何得以长期维续。

回顾中国共产党成立以来的反腐败斗争史,可以发现公众参与一直都存在,而且在其中起到了非常重要的作用。

2015年宁波大学考研初试真题之357英语翻译基础B卷2015年考研真题

2015年宁波大学考研初试真题之357英语翻译基础B卷2015年考研真题

会铺得满地。脚踏上去,声音也没有,气味也没有,只能感出一点点极微细极柔软的触觉。扫街 在树影下一阵扫后,灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹,看起来既觉得细腻,又觉得清闲,潜意 识下并且还觉得有点儿落寞, 古人所说的梧桐一叶而天下知秋的遥想, 大约也就在这些深沉的地 方。 秋蝉的衰弱的残声,更是北国的特产;因为北平处处全长着树,屋子又低,所以无论在什么 地方,都听得见它们的啼唱。在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才听得到的。这秋蝉的嘶叫,在北平 可和蟋蟀耗子一样,简直像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。还有秋雨哩,北方的秋雨,也似乎比 南方的下得奇,下得有味,下得更像样。在灰沉沉的天底下,忽而来一阵凉风,便息列索落地下 起雨来了。一层雨过,云渐渐地卷向了西去,天又青了,太阳又露出脸来了。(40%) 2. 谁说我们这一代人都是忧国忧民呢?大学时代,有那么多同龄人选择过自己的日子:整天打 麻将的、通宵跳舞的、到处找顺眼伴侣的、出了国酒誓死不归的、吃喝玩乐无所不为的„„不管 哪个时代,认真地心怀家国社会的总是少数,那少数中学而有成的,又是少数;学而有成海对家 国之思持之以恒而且加以实践的,更是少数中的少数。社会的进步,是这些少数执著的人锲而不 舍的推动,发挥影响而造成的。大多数的人,就搭了进步的便车,顺势前行。 不必谈社会制度的进步,即使只是一个灯光迷炫、乐鼓沸腾的酒吧舞场,也不会凭空而来。 在舞场存在以前,有人努力过,使这样的狂欢文化被容许而不是被取缔。然后,在“狂欢”的背 后,必须有人制定法规,有人做消防检查,有人处理噪音,有人组织音响,有人筹备乐队,有人 清理垃圾,有人设计下水道„„(35%)
宁波大学
2015
年攻读硕士学位研究生
入 学 考 试 试 题(B 卷) (答案必须写在答题纸上)
考试科目: 适用专业: 英语翻译基础 英语笔译 科目代码: 357

介绍其他国家治理环境的措施英语作文

介绍其他国家治理环境的措施英语作文

介绍其他国家治理环境的措施英语作文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Introduction to Governance Environment Measures in Other CountriesGovernance environment is a crucial aspect of a country's development and progress. Different countries have implemented various measures to improve their governance environment and ensure accountability, transparency, and efficiency in the administration of public affairs. In this article, we will introduce some effective governance environment measures implemented in other countries.1. New ZealandNew Zealand is known for its transparent and accountable governance environment. The country has implemented several measures to ensure good governance, including the establishment of the State Services Commission (SSC). The SSC is responsible for monitoring and improving the performance of government agencies, promoting transparency and accountability, and ensuring ethical behavior in the public sector.In addition, New Zealand has a Freedom of Information Act that guarantees citizens' right to access government information. This act enhances transparency and allows the public to hold government officials accountable for their actions.2. SingaporeSingapore is another country that has implemented effective governance environment measures. The city-state has a reputation for its efficient and corruption-free government. One of the key measures implemented by Singapore is the strict enforcement of anti-corruption laws. The Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) is responsible for investigating and prosecuting corruption cases in the public and private sectors.Singapore also has a strong emphasis on meritocracy in its civil service. The government hires and promotes employees based on their qualifications and performance, rather than nepotism or favoritism. This ensures that the best and brightest individuals are leading the country's public institutions.3. NorwayNorway is known for its high level of trust in government institutions and low levels of corruption. One of the key governance environment measures implemented in Norway isthe establishment of the Office of the Auditor General. The Auditor General is an independent body responsible for auditing government agencies and ensuring they are operating efficiently and effectively.Norway also has a strong emphasis on citizen participation in government decision-making. The country regularly holds referendums on important issues, allowing citizens to have a direct say in the governance process. This enhances transparency and accountability in the government.4. South KoreaSouth Korea has made significant strides in improving its governance environment in recent years. The country has implemented measures to increase transparency and accountability in the public sector, such as the establishment of the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission. This commission is responsible for investigating corruption cases and promoting ethical behavior in government agencies.South Korea also has a strong focus on e-governance, using technology to improve the delivery of public services and increase citizen engagement. The country has developed online platforms for citizens to access government information,participate in public consultations, and provide feedback on government policies.In conclusion, governance environment measures play a crucial role in shaping the development of a country. The examples mentioned above demonstrate how different countries have implemented effective measures to improve transparency, accountability, and efficiency in their governance environments. By learning from these best practices, countries can strengthen their governance systems and enhance trust in government institutions.篇2IntroductionIn recent years, the issue of governance environment has become increasingly important on the global stage. Governments around the world are taking various measures to improve their governance environment, in order to promote sustainable development, ensure social stability, and enhance the well-being of their people. In this article, we will introduce some of the measures that have been implemented by other countries to improve their governance environment.Transparency and AccountabilityOne of the key aspects of governance environment is transparency and accountability. Many countries have introduced measures to increase transparency in their governance processes, such as implementing open data policies, disclosing government finances and procurement information, and providing access to government decision-making processes. For example, countries like Sweden and Norway have established strong anti-corruption measures and have consistently ranked high on Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index.Citizen ParticipationAnother important aspect of governance environment is citizen participation. Many countries have adopted measures to enhance citizen participation in decision-making processes, such as establishing participatory budgeting mechanisms, creating citizen feedback mechanisms, and organizing public consultations on policy issues. For example, countries like Brazil and South Korea have implemented successful participatory budgeting programs, which have empowered citizens to make decisions on how public funds are allocated.Rule of LawThe rule of law is essential for a good governance environment. Many countries have taken measures to strengthen the rule of law, such as reforming their legal systems, establishing independent judiciary systems, and implementing anti-corruption measures. For example, countries like Singapore and New Zealand have established efficient legal systems and have consistently ranked high on the Rule of Law Index.Digital GovernanceWith the advancement of technology, many countries are adopting digital governance measures to improve their governance environment. This includes implementinge-government services, digital identity systems, and using big data analytics for policy-making. For example, countries like Estonia and South Korea have implemented successfule-government platforms, which have improved government efficiency, reduced corruption, and enhanced citizen engagement.Social InclusionPromoting social inclusion is also crucial for a good governance environment. Many countries are implementing measures to address social inequalities, such as providing access to basic services, promoting gender equality, and supportingmarginalized groups. For example, countries like Rwanda and Uruguay have implemented successful social inclusion programs, which have reduced poverty rates, improved access to education and healthcare, and enhanced social cohesion.ConclusionIn conclusion, improving the governance environment is essential for the sustainable development of countries around the world. By implementing measures to increase transparency and accountability, enhance citizen participation, strengthen the rule of law, adopt digital governance, and promote social inclusion, countries can create a conducive environment for effective governance, which will benefit their people and ensure long-term prosperity.篇3Introduction to Governance Environment Measures in Other CountriesGovernance environment plays a crucial role in shaping the economic, social, and political development of a country. Different countries have adopted various measures to improve their governance environment and ensure effective governance.In this article, we will introduce some of the governance environment measures implemented in other countries.First and foremost, transparency and accountability are key principles in governance environment measures. Countries like Sweden, Denmark, and Norway have consistently been ranked at the top of global transparency and accountability indices. These countries have robust systems in place to ensure that government actions are transparent and that public officials are held accountable for their decisions. For example, Sweden has a Freedom of Press Act that guarantees access to public information and promotes transparency in government operations.In addition to transparency and accountability, the rule of law is another important aspect of governance environment measures. Countries like Germany, Japan, and the United States have strong legal frameworks that ensure the rule of law is upheld. These countries have independent judiciaries that provide checks and balances on government powers and protect the rights of citizens. For example, the United States has a system of constitutional checks and balances that prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful.Furthermore, citizen participation is a key component of governance environment measures in countries like Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. These countries have implemented mechanisms to engage citizens in the decision-making process and give them a voice in the governance of their country. For example, Australia has a system of compulsory voting that ensures high levels of citizen participation in elections.Lastly, anti-corruption measures are essential for a strong governance environment. Countries like Singapore, Hong Kong, and Switzerland are known for their low levels of corruption and have implemented stringent anti-corruption measures. These countries have specialized agencies that investigate and prosecute corruption cases, as well as strong legal frameworks that prevent corruption in the public and private sectors.In conclusion, governance environment measures are critical for ensuring effective governance and promoting the development of a country. Transparency, accountability, the rule of law, citizen participation, and anti-corruption measures are key components of a strong governance environment. By learning from the experiences of other countries and implementing best practices, countries can improve their governance environment and achieve sustainable development.。

善治与反腐败:国际透明组织介绍-Transparency

善治与反腐败:国际透明组织介绍-Transparency
development
• 使千百万人民陷进贫困Traps millions of people in poverty
and misery
• 破坏民主与法制Undermines democracy and the rule of law • 损害私营部门的管治及其商业道德Jeopardises sound
anti-corruption laws and enforcement
最易滋生腐败的行业Sectors most prone to bribery
Business Sector Public works / construction Arms and defence Oil and gas Real estate / property Telecoms Power generation / transmission Mining
PUBLIC SERVICE
The Concept of a National Integrity System
PUBLIC AWARENESS S O C I E T Y’ S V A L U E S
过去十年,透明国际取得如下成就:
In the last 10 years, TI has…
• 把腐败议题提到国际社会议事日程上来Put corruption on the
民间社会
Civil Society
批国际专家
TI combines local rootedness with international expertise
• 透明国际致力于建立反腐统一战线
TI develops coalitions and builds bridges with different stakeholders

清廉指数的文献综述

清廉指数的文献综述

对清廉指数的简要说明1、概述清廉指数1(Corruption Perceptions Index,简称CPI))是透明国际2(Transparency International,简称TI,非营利性反腐败组织)衡量腐败程度的一个指标,自从1995年起每年系统发布。

清廉指数反映的是一个国家政府官员的廉洁程度和受贿状况。

它以企业家、风险分析家、一般民众为调查对象.据他们的经验和感觉对各国进行由10到0的评分,得分越高,则表示腐败程度越低。

10分代表最廉洁,0分则代表最腐败。

大致可以划分为以下几种情况:①清廉指数在8-10分之间:基本上已经控制住了腐败,制度建设比较完善,不存在大量的腐败机会,腐败只是少数政府官员的个人行为。

②清廉指数在5-8分之间:总的来说清廉状况比较好,虽然仍存在着一些容易滋生腐败的领域,但是由于这些国家或地区的政治、经济、法律制度相对比较完善,腐败现象并不十分突出。

③清廉指数在2.5分-5分之间:腐败状况比较严重,由于处于经济、社会转型期,社会发生着急剧的重大变革,存在大量的腐败机会,腐败问题已经对这些国家或地区的发展构成了严重的挑战。

④清廉指数在2.5分以下:这些国家或地区中大部分的政治制度还不符合现代的要求,政府在反腐败方面基本上无所作为,腐败已经成为一种社会风气。

2、数据来源清廉指数是一个复合指数,它是从10个独立的机构所发布的13个调查数据的基础上求出的。

表1列示了所有的数据源。

对一个国家或地区的腐败程度的评估主要基于两个方面,一是对商务人士的民意调查;二是专家和分析人士的评估。

清廉指数的以下7个数据源是建立在专家的分析评估之上的:非洲开发银行、亚洲开发银行、贝塔斯曼基金会、伦敦经1又称腐败感知指数2“透明国际”总部设在德国柏林,是国际著名的从事反腐败研究的非政府组织,由世界银行负责非洲地区项目的前德籍官员彼得·埃根于1993年5月注册成立。

济学人智库、美国的自由之家、环球透视和世界银行;清廉指数的另外3个数据源则是基于所在国的商务人士的民意调查,如管理发展学院(IMD)、香港政治和经济风险分析顾问公司及世界经济论坛等表1 清廉指数的数据来源对基于民意调查的这部分数据源,当几年的数据都是可用的时候,取最近两年的数据。

透明国际

透明国际
international agenda
• 在90个国家或地区建立分会—在中国,跟中国行政监察 学会及清华大学国情研究中心/廉政研究中心建立了联 系/湖南大学廉政学院Developed a network of National Chapters in
about 90 countries – contact with CSAS
– “从商指南”Business Principles – “廉洁公约”Integrity Pacts
• 透明国际清廉指数TI Indices
– 受贿指数Corruption Perceptions Index – 行贿指数Bribe Payers’ Index – 全球腐败趋势预测Global Corruption Barometer
anti-corruption laws and enforcement
最易滋生腐败的行业Sectors most prone to bribery
Business Sector Public works / construction Arms and defence Oil and gas Real estate / property Telecoms Power generation / transmission Mining
governance and ethics in the private sector
• 诱发社会、经济及政治动乱Breeds social, economic and
political crises
• 危及国内及国际安全Threatens domestic and international
security
透明国际推动反腐败斗争的工具TI Tools

_腐败排行榜_与中国反腐败

_腐败排行榜_与中国反腐败
收稿日期 :2000201210 作者简介 :吴丕 (1953 — ) ,男 ,山西省万荣县人 ,北京大学政治学与行政管理系副教授 ,法学硕士 。
50
根 ( Peter Eigen) 。他是律师出身 ,长期任职于世界银行 ,曾在非洲与拉美国家从事推动经济发 展的工作 ,也在一些大学教授法律 。总部的其他负责人和工作人员是来自世界各地的具有丰 富经验与专业知识的人士 ,其中包括律师 、企业管理人员 、经济学家 、会计师 、外交官员等等 。
关键词 : 腐败 ; 监督 ; 国际合作 ; 经济发展 中图分类号 : D669. 9 文献标识码 :A 文章编号 :100025919 (2000) 0320050209
当今世界处于急剧变化和发展的时代 ,经济发展尤其为各国政府所高度重视 。推动经济 发展需要解决许多问题 ,其中 ,政府腐败问题显得非常突出 。它不仅受到各国政府 、公众 、学者 专家 、新闻媒介以及民间组织的广泛关注 ,而且自从 20 世纪 90 年代以来 ,国际社会和国际组 织愈来愈重视腐败问题 。可以说 ,当今世界的一个明显特点就是腐败已经成为国际性难题 。 有关反腐败的国际交流与国际合作已经进入起步阶段 ,在 21 世纪初必将有更大的发展 。在这 样的背景下 ,一个国家的反腐败工作必须与国际社会发生联系 ,从国际社会获得有关反腐败的 大量信息 ,接受国际社会的监督 ,加强与国际社会的合作 。这对于一个国家改善国家形象 、提 高国际地位 、净化投资环境 、推动经济发展 ,都有着重要意义 。本文拟就国际反腐败的现状与 中国反腐败的关系做一些探讨 ,主要讨论的是“国际透明组织”及其“腐败排行榜”与中国反腐 败的联系 ,并由此涉及国际反腐败的发展趋势和中国在迎接新世纪之际应当采取的态度与行 动。
的数字) 。即以中国在当年榜上的 1995
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透明国际2005-2010年清廉指数数据与来源-Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2005, page 7 of 8 -排行国家或地区2005 清廉指数得分* 误差范围**采用指数***1 冰岛9.7 9.5 - 9.7 82 芬兰9.6 9.5 - 9.7 9新西兰9.6 9.5 - 9.7 94 丹麦9.5 9.3 - 9.6 105 新加坡9.4 9.3 - 9.5 126 瑞典9.2 9.0 - 9.3 107 瑞士9.1 8.9 - 9.2 98 挪威8.9 8.5 - 9.1 99 澳大利亚8.8 8.4 - 9.1 1310 奥地利8.7 8.4 - 9.0 911 荷兰8.6 8.3 - 8.9 9联合王国8.6 8.3 - 8.8 1113 卢森堡8.5 8.1 - 8.9 814 加拿大8.4 7.9 - 8.8 1115 香港8.3 7.7 - 8.7 1216 德国8.2 7.9 - 8.5 1017 美国7.6 7.0 - 8.0 1218 法国7.5 7.0 - 7.8 1119 比利时7.4 6.9 - 7.9 9爱尔兰7.4 6.9 - 7.9 1021 智利7.3 6.8 - 7.7 10日本7.3 6.7 - 7.8 1423 西班牙7.0 6.6 - 7.4 1024 巴巴多斯6.9 5.7 - 7.3 325 马耳他6.6 5.4 - 7.7 526 葡萄牙6.5 5.9 - 7.1 927 爱沙尼亚6.4 6.0 - 7.0 1128 以色列6.3 5.7 - 6.9 10安曼6.3 5.2 - 7.3 530 阿拉伯联合酋长国6.2 5.3 - 7.1 631 斯洛文尼亚6.1 5.7 - 6.8 11博茨瓦纳5.9 5.1 - 6.7 8卡塔尔5.9 5.6 - 6.4 5台湾5.9 5.4 - 6.3 1432乌拉圭5.9 5.6 - 6.4 636 巴林5.8 5.3 - 6.3 6约旦5.7 5.1 - 6.1 1039 马来西亚5.1 4.6 - 5.6 14 匈牙利5.0 4.7 - 5.2 11意大利5.0 4.6 - 5.4 940南韩5.0 4.6 - 5.3 1243 突尼斯4.9 4.4 - 5.6 744 立陶宛4.8 4.5 - 5.1 845 科威特4.7 4.0 - 5.2 646 南非4.5 4.2 - 4.8 11捷克共和国4.3 3.7 - 5.1 10希腊4.3 3.9 - 4.7 9纳米比亚4.3 3.8 - 4.9 847斯洛伐克4.3 3.8 - 4.8 10哥斯达黎加4.2 3.7 - 4.7 7萨尔瓦多4.2 3.5 - 4.8 6拉脱维亚4.2 3.8 - 4.6 751毛里求斯4.2 3.4 - 5.0 6保加利亚4.0 3.4 - 4.6 8哥伦比亚4.0 3.6 - 4.4 9斐济4.0 3.4 - 4.6 355塞舌尔群岛4.0 3.5 - 4.2 3古巴3.8 2.3 - 4.7 4泰国3.8 3.5 - 4.1 1359特立尼达多巴哥3.8 3.3 - 4.5 6 62 伯利兹3.7 3.4 - 4.1 3巴西3.7 3.5 - 3.9 1064 牙买加3.6 3.4 - 3.8 6加纳3.5 3.2 - 4.0 8墨西哥3.5 3.3 - 3.7 10巴拿马3.5 3.1 - 4.1 7秘鲁3.5 3.1 - 3.8 765土耳其3.5 3.1 - 4.0 11布基纳法索3.4 2.7 - 3.9 3克罗地亚3.4 3.2 - 3.7 770埃及3.4 3.0 - 3.9 9莱索托3.4 2.6 - 3.9 3波兰3.4 3.0 - 3.9 11叙利亚3.4 2.8 - 4.2 577 老挝3.3 2.1 - 4.4 3中国3.2 2.9 - 3.5 14摩洛哥3.2 2.8 - 3.6 878塞内加尔3.2 2.8 - 3.6 6莱索托3.4 2.6 - 3.9 3波兰3.4 3.0 - 3.9 11沙特阿拉伯3.4 2.7 - 4.1 5叙利亚3.4 2.8 - 4.2 577 老挝3.3 2.1 - 4.4 3中国3.2 2.9 - 3.5 14摩洛哥3.2 2.8 - 3.6 878塞内加尔3.2 2.8 - 3.6 6 CountryRank Country/territory2005 CPIScoreConfidencerangeSurveysUsed斯78 里兰卡3.2 2.7 - 3.6 7苏里南3.2 2.2 - 3.6 383 黎巴嫩3.1 2.7 - 3.3 4卢旺达3.1 2.1 - 4.1 3多米尼加共和国3.0 2.5 - 3.6 6 蒙古3.0 2.4 - 3.6 485罗马尼亚3.0 2.6 - 3.5 11阿美尼亚2.9 2.5 - 3.2 4贝宁2.9 2.1 - 4.0 5波黑共和国2.9 2.7 - 3.1 6加蓬2.9 2.1 - 3.6 4印度2.9 2.7 - 3.1 14伊朗2.9 2.3 - 3.3 5马里2.9 2.3 - 3.6 8摩尔多瓦2.9 2.3 - 3.7 588坦桑尼亚2.9 2.6 - 3.1 8阿尔及利亚2.8 2.5 - 3.3 7阿根廷2.8 2.5 - 3.1 10马达加斯加2.8 1.9 - 3.7 5马拉维2.8 2.3 - 3.4 797塞尔维亚和蒙特尼格罗2.8 2.5 - 3.3 7冈比亚2.7 2.3 - 3.1 7马其顿2.7 2.4 - 3.2 7史瓦济兰2.7 2.0 - 3.1 3103也门2.7 2.4 - 3.2 5白俄罗斯2.6 1.9 - 3.8 5吉布提2.6 1.7 - 3.5 3洪都拉斯2.6 2.2 - 3.0 7哈萨克斯坦2.6 2.2 - 3.2 6尼加拉瓜2.6 2.4 - 2.8 7巴勒斯坦2.6 2.1 - 2.8 3乌克兰2.6 2.4 - 2.8 8越南2.6 2.3 - 2.9 10赞比亚2.6 2.3 - 2.9 7107津巴布韦2.6 2.1 - 3.0 7阿富汗2.5 1.6 - 3.2 3玻利瓦尔2.5 2.3 - 2.9 6厄瓜多尔2.5 2.2 - 2.9 6危地马拉2.5 2.1 - 2.8 7圭亚那2.5 2.0 - 2.7 3利比亚2.5 2.0 - 3.0 4尼泊尔2.5 1.9 - 3.0 4菲律宾2.5 2.3 - 2.8 13117乌冈达2.5 2.2 - 2.8 8阿尔巴尼亚2.4 2.1 - 2.7 3尼日2.4 2.2 - 2.6 4俄罗斯2.4 2.3 - 2.6 12126塞拉利昂2.4 2.1 - 2.7 3布隆迪2.3 2.1 - 2.5 3柬埔寨2.3 1.9 - 2.5 4刚果共和国2.3 2.1 - 2.6 4格鲁吉亚2.3 2.0 - 2.6 6吉尔吉斯斯坦2.3 2.1 - 2.5 5 巴布亚新几内亚2.3 1.9 - 2.6 4 130委内瑞拉2.3 2.2 - 2.4 10阿塞拜疆2.2 1.9 - 2.5 6喀麦隆2.2 2.0 - 2.5 6印度尼西亚2.2 2.1 - 2.5 13伊拉克2.2 1.5 - 2.9 4利比里亚2.2 2.1 - 2.3 3137乌兹别克斯坦2.2 2.1 - 2.4 5刚果民主共和国2.1 1.8 - 2.3 4肯尼亚2.1 1.8 - 2.4 8巴基斯坦2.1 1.7 - 2.6 7144巴拉圭2.1 1.9 - 2.3 7索马里2.1 1.6 - 2.2 3苏丹2.1 1.9 - 2.2 5塔吉克斯坦2.1 1.9 - 2.4 5151 安哥拉2.0 1.8 - 2.1 5象牙海岸1.9 1.7 - 2.1 4赤道几内亚1.9 1.6 - 2.1 3152尼日利亚1.9 1.7 - 2.0 9海地1.8 1.5 - 2.1 4缅甸1.8 1.7 - 2.0 4155土库曼斯坦1.8 1.7 - 2.0 4孟158 加拉国1.7 1.4 - 2.0 7乍得1.7 1.3 - 2.1 6. -Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2005, page 7 of 8 -透明国际2005年清廉指数数据来源Number 1 2 3 4缩写CU EIU FH II来源哥伦比亚大学国际地球科学信息网络伦敦经济学人智库美国自由之家黎巴嫩信息国际名称综合国力国家风险分析及预测转型国家中东地区商人年份2003 2005 2005 2003网址/ /research/nattransit.htmrmationinternational com调查对象美国专家对驻所国评估(政策分析家、学者及记者)专家评估美国专家对驻所国评估Senior businesspeople fromBahrain, Lebanon and UAE询问问题一国腐败程度滥用公权谋取私利或政党利益公众、媒体对政府官员腐败程度及其实施反腐败策略的评价行贿现象有多普遍?由于腐败对经商造成的额外负担有多沉重?公共合同被发包给亲朋好友的现象有多普遍?问卷回收224 Not applicable Not applicable382 assessments from 165 respondents涵盖国家95 个国家或地区156 个国家或地区29 个国家或地区31 个国家或地区Number 5 6 7 8缩写IMD MIG来源瑞士洛桑国际发展管理学院国际商业集团名称国际竞争力年鉴Grey Area Dynamics年份2003 2004 2005 2005网址www.imd.ch 调查对象一国及跨国公司中中层及高层管理人员专家及地区记者询问问题经济领域中的贿赂及腐败现象腐败现象,从贿赂政府部长到向最敦厚的职员提供诱惑问卷回收> 4,000 4166 约4000 Not applicable涵盖国家51 个国家155 个国家Number 9 10 11 12缩写PERC UNECA来源香港政治及经济风险咨询公司联合国非洲经济公署名称Asian Intelligence Newsletter 非洲政府报告年份2003 2004 2005 2005“打击腐败网址/ /agr/调查对象外派公司管理人员每一国家里选出70-120 名专家询问问题跟您自己的国家相比,您认为驻所国腐败问题有多严重?”. 这包括立法、司法和行政层级,也包括税收。

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