大学英语语法 第十七讲 定语从句
定语从句知识点归纳

定语从句知识点归纳定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它在句子中起到修饰、限定名词或代词的作用,能够使句子表达更加准确、丰富。
接下来,让我们详细地了解一下定语从句的相关知识点。
一、定语从句的定义定语从句是指在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
二、关系代词1、 thatthat 既可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting(that 在从句中作宾语,指代“book”)2、 whichwhich 指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
例如:The house which is near the river is very old(which 在从句中作主语,指代“house”)3、 whowho 指人,在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
例如:The man who is standing there is my teacher(who 在从句中作主语,指代“man”)4、 whomwhom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语。
例如:The girl whom you met yesterday is my sister(whom 在从句中作宾语,指代“girl”)5、 whosewhose 既可以指人也可以指物,表示所属关系,在定语从句中作定语。
例如:The man whose car was stolen called the police(whose 在从句中作定语,修饰“car”)三、关系副词1、 whenwhen 表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
例如:I still remember the day when I first met you(when 在从句中作时间状语,指代“the day”)2、 wherewhere 表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
定语从句讲解

定语从句【知识简介】名词或代词由一个从句来修饰,该从句即定语从句。
定语从句一般后置,但as引导的修饰全句的定语从句可以前置。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as等以及关系副词when, where, why 等。
关系代词或关系副词放在被修饰的名词或代词(又叫做先行词)和定语从句之间起联系作用,同时又作定语从句中的一个成份。
【要点难点】1) that和which的用法区别只用that的情况:①先行词由最高级修饰时,如the best work that I can do。
②先行词由序数词修饰时,如the second book that I bought。
③先行词由the last, the only, the same, the very等修饰时。
④先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing等时,如anything that he does; all that I can do now等。
⑤先行词有any, no, all等限定词时,如all the words that I’ve learned。
⑥先行词为词组,该词组既含人又含物时,如the city and the people that I visited。
只用which的情况:①在非限定性定语从句中(定语从句前有逗号)。
②介词后。
请看that和which的使用例句:It’s the best film that’s ever been made on the subject of madness. 这是以精神病为题材而拍摄的影片中最好的一段。
Shakespeare is the greatest poet that England has ever had. 莎士比亚是英国最伟大的诗人。
(本句中先行词虽是人,但由于前面也有形容词最高级修饰,仍用that较好)Take the first opportunity that offers. 抓住第一个出现的机会。
(完整版)定语从句讲解总结

(完整版)定语从句讲解总结定语从句讲解⼀.定语从句1.注意英汉差异:汉语的定语⽆论多长都放在被修饰词的前⾯,⽽英语中的定语则不然,是⼀个词时,放在被修饰词的前⾯,如:①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后⾯,如:③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红⾐的⼥孩。
④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位⼥⼠背了个装满钱的包。
⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的⼈。
2.分清主句与从句,看究竟哪个句⼦缺少成分。
如上⾯第5:主句:He is the man从句:who you are looking for在从句中,looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选⽤关系代词 who(whom)放置于句⾸,便是定语从句。
3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略,故第5题可以写成:He is the man you are looking for.⼆.定语从句(从句部分)1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先⾏词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先⾏词(1)先⾏词⼀般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先⾏词,⼈称代词也同样可作先⾏词。
(2)先⾏词与关系词是等量关系。
必须注意两点:①先⾏词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先⾏词⽽定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句⼦中充当了成分,其意思就是先⾏词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
(完整版)定语从句讲解

1一、定语从句概述定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语 等来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语 从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词,故又称为形容词性从句。
被定 语从句修饰的名词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二 关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词指代先行词,放在先行词与 定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分(主语、宾 语、状语等)。
引导定语从句的关系代词有"at ,who ,whom ,whose ,which;关系副词有 when ,where ,why 等。
关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表 1.关系代词的用法(1) who, whom 的用法二者都用于指人。
who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom 在定语从句中 作宾语。
在现代英语里,有时who 也可代替whom 在从句中作宾语。
作 宾语的关系代词who ,whom 可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外)。
She was the one who did most of the talking 。
大部分时间都是她在说话。
(作主语) The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。
(作宾语)I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party. 我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。
(作宾语,whom 可用who 代替) whom 在从句中作介词的宾语,且介词提到whom 前面时,不能用who 代替。
Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park .昨天 我碰见了几个朋友,我和他们一起去了公园。
《定语从句》 讲义

《定语从句》讲义一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一种在英语中非常常见且重要的语法结构。
它在句子中充当定语,用来修饰一个名词或代词,使其含义更加明确和丰富。
简单来说,定语从句就是一个句子,放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,起到描述和限定的作用。
通过定语从句,我们能够更详细、更准确地表达我们想要表达的意思。
比如,“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)在这个句子中,“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词“the book”,让我们清楚知道是哪一本书有趣。
二、定语从句的构成定语从句通常由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。
常见的关系代词有:that、which、who、whom、whose。
常见的关系副词有:when、where、why。
关系词在定语从句中不仅起到引导的作用,还在从句中充当一定的成分。
例如,在“The man who is standing there is my teacher”这个句子中,“who”是关系代词,在从句“who is standing there”中作主语。
三、关系代词的用法1、 that 和 whichthat 和 which 都可以用来指代物,但在一些情况下,只能用 that 不能用 which。
当先行词是不定代词(如 all、anything、nothing 等)、先行词被最高级、序数词修饰、先行词既有人又有物时,通常用 that 而不用 which。
例如:All that glitters is not gold(发光的未必都是金子。
)This is the first book that I have read(这是我读过的第一本书。
)The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned(掉进河里的人和马都淹死了。
定语从句超详细讲解

定语从句超详细讲解什么是定语从句定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句,用来对所修饰的名词或代词进行进一步的说明或限制。
定语从句通常由关系词引导,在句中充当修饰成分。
关系词的种类常见的关系词有:who, whom, whose, which, that。
关系词根据在从句中的作用,可分为主格关系词、宾格关系词和属格关系词。
- 主格关系词:who, which- 宾格关系词:whom, which- 属格关系词:whose, of which定语从句结构定语从句的基本结构为:关系词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分。
根据所修饰的名词在定语从句中的作用,可分为三种结构:1. 主语关系从句:关系词在从句中作主语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:The book which is on the table is mine.(在桌子上的那本书是我的。
)2. 宾语关系从句:关系词在从句中作宾语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:She has a brother whom I have never met.(她有个兄弟我从未见过。
)3. 定语关系从句:关系词在从句中作定语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:I live in a house whose roof is red.(我住在一座房子里,它的屋顶是红色的。
)定语从句的使用注意事项- 关系词指代的是先行词,要保持一致性。
例如,主格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是人;宾格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是人或物;属格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是有所属关系的事物。
- 关系词在从句中可省略,但要根据上下文的需要决定是否省略。
定语从句的练题1. The girl _______ is my sister. (who/whom/which/that)2. The man _______ I talked to is the boss. (who/whom/which/that)3. She is the girl _______ mother works at the hospital.(who/whom/whose/which/that)4. The car _______ is parked outside is mine. (who/which/that)5. The book _______ you borrowed from the library is overdue. (whose/which/that)答案:1. who2. whom3. whose4. that5. which以上就是定语从句的超详细讲解。
(完整版)定语从句语法详解

定语从句语法专题(Attributive Clauses)教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语,被修饰的名词或代词,叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl(who got the first prize.)girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as(主, 宾, 定)关系副词: when, where, why.(状语)2.关系词的作用:(1)引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用;(2)代替先行词在句中充当成分。
定语从句讲解(完整版)

定语从句讲解(完整版)定语从句是一种常见的语法结构,用于对名词或代词进行修饰和限定。
在英语中,定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和准确。
下面,我将为您详细讲解定语从句的构成、用法和注意事项。
一、定语从句的构成定语从句由引导词、关系词和从句组成。
引导词通常是先行词,即被修饰的名词或代词;关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来;从句则是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
1. 引导词:先行词通常是名词或代词,它可以是主语、宾语或表语。
例如:The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)2. 关系词:关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来。
关系词有who、which、that、whom、whose等。
例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)3. 从句:从句是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
从句中通常包含主语、谓语和宾语等成分。
例如:那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)二、定语从句的用法1. 限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定作用,即只有满足定语从句条件的名词或代词才是先行词的准确含义。
限定性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后,且不能用逗号与主句隔开。
例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
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第十七讲定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1 . 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词(如下表)功能作用用于限制性从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语who which that宾语whom which that定语whose( = of whom)whose( = of which)He is a man who ( that) means what he says . 他是一个说话算数的人。
(指人, 作主语) The people whom ( that) you met in the campus yesterday are from England . 你昨天在校园里碰到的那些人是从英国来的。
(指人, 作宾语)Is there anyone in your depar tment whose father is a painter ? 你们系里有谁的父亲是画家吗? (指人, 作定语)The young man with whom I travelled could speak English . 同我一起旅行的那个年轻人会说英语。
(指人, 作宾语)The book which( that) you are reading is written by a contemporary American novelist . 你正在读的那本书是一位美国现代小说家写的。
(指物, 作宾语)The bicycle the brake o f which was damaged has now been repaired . 那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。
(指物, 作主语)Note: what 不能引导定语从句。
考察下面一句:Nimbost ratus clouds areAthickB, dark gray clouds whatCforebodeDrain .(C 项错。
应改为which 或that )2 . 使用要点1)关系代词的省略(1)作直接宾语时可以省略。
例如:The man(whom)you saw just now is our manager . 你刚才见到的那个人是我们的经理。
Is there anything ( that) I can do for you ? 我能为您效劳吗?Who was the woman ( that ) you were talking with ? 你刚才同她谈话的妇女是谁?(2)在“there + be”结构的从句中作主语的关系代词可以省略。
例如:This is the only bus( that) there is to that park . 这是开往那个公园的唯一的一路公共汽车。
The old professor made full use of the time( that) therewas left to him to continue his researchin the field of elect ronics . 这位老教授充分利用余年, 继续他在电子学方面的研究。
Note: ①关系代词放在介词后作宾语时, 不能省略。
但介词位于句尾时, 关系代词可以省新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书716 第十七讲定语从句略。
例如:This is the girl with whom he worked . (whom 不可省)This is the girl ( whom) he worked with . 这就是同他一起工作的女孩。
This is the room in which Churchill was born . (which 不可省)This is the room(which)Churchill was born in. 这就是丘吉尔出生的房间。
②who 或whom 的先行词有时可省略。
例如:Who knows most says least . 大智若愚。
( = He who, anyone who)Who works not shall not eat . 不劳无获。
Who eats must pay . 吃了就得付钱。
Whom the gods love die young .This is written to whom it may concern . ( any person whom)Who mar ries a beauty marries trouble . ( = Those who)Who are thirsty drink in silence .2)如果关系代词紧跟在介词后面, 不能用who 或that , 只能用which 或whomThis is the question about which(不用that) they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks . 这就是几周来他们反复讨论的那个问题。
The people with whom(不用that )he worked thought he was a bit st range . 同他一起工作的人都觉得他有点怪。
3)如果先行词是all, much, anything , something, nothing, everything , little, none 等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that , 不用which ( 但something, everything 或anything 后, 偶尔也用which)Please just tell me anything ( that ) you know about the author of the book . 凡是你知道的关于本书作者的情况请都告诉我。
That..s all ( that ) I could do at that time . 这就是我当时所能做的。
There is little that can be believed about it .She has nothing that is good to say .The book doesn..t say much that amuses children .She hates everything that is modern .Note: 在“It is + 名词+ 定语从句+ 定语从句”结构中, 后一定语从句要用that。
例如: It is only a man who has seen much of the world that can be a leader . 只有阅历丰富的人才能当领导。
It is always the mouth which talks too much that arouses troubles . 言多必失。
It is a man who is honest that can do the work . 只有诚实的人才能做这项工作。
4)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first , last , any, only, few, much, no, some, very 等词修饰, 引导限制性定语从句常用关系代词that , 不用which, who 或whomHe is the only person that was present at the time . 他是当时唯一在场的人。
This is the best TV set that is made in China . 这是中国生产的最好的电视机。
No sample that we have received is satisfactory .Please send us any information that you have about the subject .5)在非限制性定语从句中, 不能用that , 作宾语用的代词也不能省略The Heavenly Lake, which(不能用that) is one of the world famous scenic spots, is on Tianshan Mountain . 天池是世界名胜之一, 位于天山之上。
There are thir ty students in the class, the majority o f whom(不能用that ) are f rom the city . 这个班上有30 位学生, 大多数来自城市。
6)which 可以引导修饰整个主句的定语从句大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)717 一、关系代词引导的定语从句which 还有一种特殊的用法, 它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句, 代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
在这种从句中, which 可以作主语, 也可以作宾语或表语, 多数情况下意思同and this 相似, 并可以指人。
例如:New Concept English is intended for foreign students , which is known to all of us .《新概念英语》是为外国学生编写的, 这是我们大家都知道的。
(which 作主语)She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honour . 她被授予一枚金质奖章, 全家人都认为这是极大的光荣。
(which 作宾语)He lost the manuscript during the war, in which case he had to rewrite the book . 他在战争中把手稿丢失了, 既然如此, 他就不得不重写那本书了。
(which 作定语)She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was . 她对孩子们非常耐心, 她丈夫却很少这样。
( which 作表语)I told him to go to a doctor, which advice he took . (指代部分概念)Don..t call between 12 o..clock and 1 o..clock , at which time I am usually having lunch . She is studying economics, which knowledge is very impor tant today .He believes in self- reliance, which idea I fully agree to .She died three days ago, which I can..t believe . ( = which fact , a fact which)Jim was seriously ill , which she did not know . ( = which circumstance, a circumstance which)They bribed the officials , which practice was common here .The president was killed , which circumstance was very serious . ( = which fact )He hung about for hours and , which was worse, kept me from my work . (which 代表后半句的意思)Note: 注意下面两种which 的用法:He is sure to come unless (which is impossible) he has something urgent . ( which 从句放在括号中, 表示作出某种说明)She said ,“I..ve done my best .”Which was true . ( which 紧跟在直接引语之后)7)用作表语的关系代词(1)关系代词that 可指代人或物, 用作表语, 仅用于限制性定语从句中。