山西师范大学期末考试试题(卷)
山西师范大学 A班英语2021—2022 学年第二学期期末考试试题

山西师范大学2021—2022学年第二学期期末考试试题学院外国语学院专业21级A级考试科目大学英语(四)题号一二三四五六七八总分分数评卷人复查人请考生手抄:我承诺“本人坚决服从监考老师管理,自觉遵守考试纪律,诚信考试不作弊”。
我承诺_________________________________________________________________________。
Part I Translation(50%)1.Directions:For this part,please translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English.(25%*1=25%)注意:请在答题纸上作答。
上海自贸区(Shanghai Free Trade Zone)是中国政府于2013年设立在上海的区域性自由贸易区。
上海自贸区位于浦东新区(Pudong New Area),总面积为28.78平方公里,是中国大陆境内第一个自由贸易区,也是进行一系列经济改革的“试验田”(testing ground)。
设立上海自贸区是顺应全球经贸发展新趋势,实行更加积极主动开放战略的一项重大举措。
上海自贸区作为试点(pilot project),是中国经济的“试金石”(touchstone),将为深化改革、促进经济活力起到积极的推动作用。
2.Directions:For this part,please translate the following sentences from English into Chinese.(5%*5=25%)注意:请在答题纸上作答。
1.In recent decades,technological innovation and the division of labor have caused major economicchanges by eliminating the need for special strength or skill in many fields and have turned many paid occupations with enjoyable work into boring labor.2.Winter is but another season for those in normal conditions,but for the poor during wartime,winter is adisaster,a pervasive and constant threat.3.She wound up at a motel,putting down the$260she had managed to scrape together from friends andfrom selling her living room set.4.If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant,well-spoken counterpart by my side,Ijust might edge past the competition.5.Why do women consider their looks so deficient?This chronic insecurity isn’t inborn,but createdthrough the interaction of many complex psychological and societal factors.Part II Writing(50%)Directions:For this part,you need to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature.You should write at least200 words.注意:请在答题纸上作答。
山西师范大学期末考试试题(卷)

山西师范大学期末考试试题(卷)2007-2008学年度第一学期院系:外国语学院 专业:英语 试科目:综合英语3 试卷号:A 卷 Test of Intensive Reading for Grade II I. Work with words (15%) Directions: Match the explanation and words or phrases 1. malicious A. to direct the course of a ship or plane. 2. imperious B. great joy or delight 3. derive from C. maintain one‘s opinion 4. confer D. rough measure of assessment based on experience 5. impartiality E. having the wish to hurt others 6. ecstasy F. to invent and prepare a plan, theory etc. 7. rough and ready G . to come from a source or origin 8. blaspheme H. commanding, expecting other‘s obedience 9. partake of I. to eat or drink especially sth. offered 10. formulate J. to swear against God or religion 11.hold one‘s ground K. crude but effective. 12. navigate L. ridiculous or absurd 13. prevarication M. treating with equality; fairness 14.rule of thumb N. avoiding giving a direct answer or firm decision 15.ludicrous O. to give or grant. II. Paraphrase and Cloze (15%) Section A: Explain the underlined parts of following sentences (5%) 1. When I am through with school and have a job, I want my wife to quit working and remain at home so that my wife can more fully andcompletely take care of a wife‘s duties.2. ―She will actually be jealous?‖ cried Alan in a rapture.3. When the pleasure got to be the main thing, the fun fetish was sure to follow.4. Only when it was all finished and I was in a triumphant glow of 山西师范大学2007———2008学年第 一 学期期末考试试题(卷) 院系:______专业:__________班级:________姓名:_________学号:___________密封线 密封线以内不作任何标记 密封线achievement did he take me down a peg.5. The lies were most often not what most of us would call earth-shattering. Section B: Cloze (10%)Comprehensiveness alone, however, is not enough to wisdom. There must be, also, a certain of the ends of human life. This may be by the study of history. Many eminent historians have done more harm than good because they viewed facts through the medium of their own passion. Hegel had a philosophy of history which did not suffer from any lack of comprehensiveness, it started from the earliest times and continued into an future. But the chief lesson of history which he sought to was that from the year 400 AD down to his own time Germany had been the most important nation and the of progress in the world. Perhaps one could stretch the comprehensiveness that constitutes wisdom to include not only intellect but also feeling. It is uncommon to find men whose knowledge is wide but whose feelings are narrow. Such men lack I call wisdom.A. by no meansB. awarenessC. inculcateD. sinceE. standard-bearerF. constituteG. whatH. distortingI. illustratedJ. indefinite III. Vocabulary and Grammar (20%)Directions: There are twenty items in this section. Beneath each item there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D, choose one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.1. He is interested in the short story easy style he likes very much.A. whoseB. whatC. whichD. where2. I don‘t feel like on-line shopping and chatting.A. doB. to doC. doingD. done3. Fire engines and ambulances have over other traffic.A. rightB. priorityC. powerD. advantage4. My car is still not working right; the mechanic it.A. must have fixedB. must not have fixedC. can‘t have fixedD. need to have fixed5. John so much for a raincoat as he did.A. wouldn‘t need to payB. didn‘t need to payC. hadn‘t need to payD. needn‘t have paid6. Having written six science fiction stories, she clearly enjoys pursuits.A. intellectB. intellectualC. intelligentD. intelligence7. The main of the Hope Project are poor children living in remote areas.A. benefitB. beneficialC. benefactorD. beneficiary8. deeper may mean to be still, to progress more patiently.A. GoB. To goC. GoingD. Went9. what to do, I immediately telephoned the police.A. Not to knowB. Don‘t knowC. Knowing notD. Not knowing10. If only he told us the truth in the first pl ace, things wouldn‘t have gone so wrong.A. hadB. should haveC. hasD. would have11. I for a long time, but nobody seems to be in the house.A. have been knockingB. knockedC. have knockedD. was knocking12. Mike‘s uncle insists in this hotel.A. staying notB. not to stayC. that he not stayD. that he doesn‘t stay13. The French dancer who had been praised very highly to be a great disappointment.A. turned upB. turned inC. turned downD. turned out14. Although there are occasional outbreaks of gunfire, we can report that the rebellion has in the main beenA. destroyedB. concealedC. suppressedD. restrained15. The speech which he made the project has bothered me greatly.A. concerningB. being concernedC. concernedD. to be concerned16. He had just left university and was , not trying hard for a job.A. hanging outB. hanging onC. hanging aroundD. hanging up17. The famous banker has influence with the president of the United States.A. consideringB. considerableC. considerateD. considered18. We decided against installing the new heating apparatus for the reason it would be too costly.A. whyB. whichC. asD. that19. In learning a foreign language, English, one should first pay attention to speaking.A. sayB. saysC. to sayD. saying20. He will remain here if .A. neededB. need to beC. need beD. need isIV. Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this section there are three reading passages followed by fifteen questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passageSign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy:whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., the world‘s only liberal arts university for deaf people.When Bill Stokoe went to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently form his classroom teacher.Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a from of pidgin English(混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the ―hand talk‖his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf peole dismissed their signing as ―substandard‖. Stokoe‘s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说).It is 37 years later. Stokoe---now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture---is having lunch at a cafénear the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators thought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. ―What I said,‖ Stokoe explains ―is that language is not mouth stuff--- it‘s brain stuff.‖1. The study of sign language is thought to be .A. an approach to simplifying the grammatical structure of a languageB. an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of languageC. a challenge to traditional views on the nature of languageD. a new way to look at the learning of language2. The present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by . .A. a leading specialist in the study of liberal artsB. an English teacher in a university for the deafC. some senior experts in American Sign LanguageD. a famous scholar in the study of the human brain3. According to Stokoe, sign language is . .A. an international languageB. a substandard languageC. an artificial languageD. a genuine language4. Most educators objected to Stokoe‘s idea because they thought. .A. a language should be easy to use and understandB. sign language was too artificial to be widely acceptedC. a language could only exist in the form of speech soundsD. sigh language was not extensively used even by deaf people5. Stokoe‘s argument is based on his belief that . .A. language is a product of the brainB. language is a system of meaningful codesC .sign language is derived from natural languageD. sign language is as efficient as any other languagePassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passageA is for always getting to work on time.B is for being extremely busyC is for the conscientious (勤勤恳恳的) way you do your work.You may be all these things at the office, and more, But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn‘t ensure career advancement. Yu have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics – a better job, a raise, praise – many people are still unable – or unwilling – to ― play the game.‖―People assume that office politics involves some manipulative behavior,‖says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management atHofstra University. ― But politics derives from the word ‗polite‘. It can mean lobbying an forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.‖In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursuer one‘s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.― The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,‖says Neil P. Lewis, a management psychologist. ― But if tow or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonable similar ability, a manger is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It‘s simple human nature. ―Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery, tearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.,Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.6. ―Office politics‖ is used in the passage to refer to . .A. the political views and beliefs of office workersB. the interpersonal relationships within a companyC. the various qualities required for a successful careerD. the code of behavior for company staff7. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but . .A. avoid being too outstandingB. get along well with his colleaguesC. honest and loyal to his companyD. give his boss a good impression8. Why are many people unwilling to ― play the game‖(Para. 5)?A. They are not god at manipulating colleaguesB. They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.C. They think the effort will get them nowhere.D. They believe that doing so is impractical.9. The author considers office politics to be . .A. unwelcome at he workplaceB. based for interpersonal relationshipsC. an important factor for personal advancementD. indispensable to the development of company culture10. It is the author‘s view that . .A. self-promotion does not necessarily mean flatteryB. hard work contributes very little to one‘s promotionC. many employees fail to recognize the need of flatteryD. speaking up for oneself is part of human naturePassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passageAs soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one.―The constitution,‖said the association‘s spokesman, ―gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesn‘t spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect them selves.‖―Don‘t you think it‘s dangerous to have one in the house, particularly where there are children around?‖―The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse separately in a drawer.‖― Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody.‖The spokesman said, ―Hydrogen bombs don‘t kill people—people kill people. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent effect. If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they‘re going to think twice about breaking in.‖―But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder.‖―Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at he moment it is very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is program which would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns.‖11. According to the passage, some people started a national association so as to . .A. instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at homeB. coordinate the mass production of the destructive weaponC. promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weaponD. block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bomb12. Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals on the grounds that . .A. they may fall into the hands of criminalsB. people‘s lives will be threatened by the weaponC. most people don‘t know how to handle the weaponD. the size of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawer13. By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman meansthat it . .A. can kill those entering others‘ house by forceB. will threaten the safety of the owners as wellC. will frighten way any possible intrudersD. can show the special status of its owners14. According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs are very much worried that . .A. the cost of the weapon will put citizens on an unequal basisB. the wide use of the weapon will push up living expenses tremendouslyC. poorly-educated Americans will find it difficult to make use of the weaponD. the influence of the association is too powerful for the less privileged to overcome15. From the tone of the passage we know that the author is . .A. not serious about the private ownership of H-bombsB. concerned about the spread of nuclear weaponsC. doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safetyD. unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombsV. Translation (20%)A. Translate the following sentences into English in your ANSWER SHEET. (10%)1. 我感到十分惊讶的是,他用一种超然冷静的态度分析着他们所有人的危险形势。
山西师范大学地理信息系统专业期末考试试题(卷)_试卷_B卷

⼭西师范⼤学地理信息系统专业期末考试试题(卷)_试卷_B卷地理信息系统原理(每⼩题2分,共10分)1、点、线、⾯是GIS的三类基本要素,能实现点⾯之间转换,但不能实现线⾯之间的转换。
()2、世界上第⼀个GIS产⽣于美国。
()3、TIN数据结构和四叉树结构都是可变分辨率的数据结构。
()4、判断点是否在多边形内常采⽤平板技术。
()5、空间数据的分层组织与数据库中的层次数据模型概念相同。
()(每⼩题2分,共20分)1、获取栅格数据的⽅法有:()A.⼿扶跟踪数字化法 B.屏幕⿏标跟踪数字化法C.扫描数字化法 D.⼈⼯读取坐标法2、⽮量结构的特点是:()A.定位明显、属性隐含 B.定位明显、属性明显C.定位隐含、属性明显 D.定位隐含、属性隐含3、“⼆值化”是处理何种数据的⼀个技术步骤:()A.扫描数据 B.⽮量数据 C.关系数据 D.属性数据4、给出的⽅法中,哪项适合⽣成DEM:()A.等⾼线数字化法 B.多边形环路法C.四叉树法 D.拓扑结构编码法5、⽣成电⼦地图必须要经过的⼀个关键技术步骤是:()A.细化 B.⼆值化 C.符号识别 D.符号化6、描述地理实体本⾝位置、形状和⼤⼩等的数据为:()A.属性数据 B.⼏何数据 C.关系数据 D.统计数据7、解决道路拓宽中拆迁指标的计算问题,可应⽤的空间分析⽅法是:()A.缓冲区分析B.包含分析C.⽹络分析D.最短路径分析8、在栅格数据获取过程中,为减少信息损失提⾼精度可采取的⽅法是:()A.增⼤栅格单元⾯积B.缩⼩栅格单元⾯积C.改变栅格形状D.减少栅格总数9、对于估算长度、转折⽅向的凹凸度⽅便的编码⽅法是:()A.游程编码B.块码C.四叉树编码D.链码10、GIS区别于其它信息系统的⼀个显著标志是:()A.空间分析B.计量分析C.属性分析D.统计分析(共7题,共70分)1、GIS与其它信息系统的关系和区别。
(10分)2、GIS中地图投影配置应遵循的基本原则。
山西师范大学的思想政治哲学期末考试测试题

院系:_____________ 专业:_______________ 班级:_________ 学号:___________ 姓名:_____________山 西 师 范 大 学 2007——2008 学 年 第 一 学 期 期 末 考 试 试 题 (卷)密 封 线 密 封 线 以 内 不 准 作 任 何 标 记 密 封 线6、按技术社会形态划分的人类社会发展的序列是、、和。
7、从个别事实走向一般概念、结论的思维方法是的方法。
三、单项选择题(每题1分共10分)1、在哲学史上,唯物主义和唯心主义的斗争同时交织着()A可知论与不可知论的斗争 B 辩证法和形而上学的斗争C唯物史观与唯心史观的斗争 D反映论和先验论的斗争2、“感觉到了的东西,我们不能立刻理解它,只有理解了的东西,才能更深刻的感觉它”,这一观点说明() A感性认识和理性认识有质的不同 B理性认识能促进感性认识C感性认识需要上升到理性认识 D感性认识是不可靠的3、证明辩证唯物主义时空观的科学依据是()A牛顿力学 B能量守恒和转化定律C达尔文的进化论 D非欧几何学和相对论4、下列属于主观唯心主义的是()A 理在事先,以理为本B 生死有命,富贵在天C 理在气中,理随事变D 心外无物,心外无理5、下列各组社会意识形式中,全部属于意识形态范围的是()A法律思想、哲学、宗教 B法律思想、逻辑学、宗教C政治思想、语言学、艺术 D 自然科学、道德、宗教6、“在科学上没有平坦的大道,只有不畏劳苦沿着陡峭山路攀登的人,才有希望达到光辉的顶点。
”这说明()A非理性因素是人的重要认识能力B实践是科学发展的根本动力C 想象和幻想是科学创造中的可贵品质D意志对人的认识的进行是一种重要的支撑力量和推动力量7、“手推磨产生的是封建主为首的社会,蒸气磨产生的是工业资本家为首的社会。
”这句话揭示了()A以生产工具为主的生产力的性质和变革决定生产关系的性质和变革B生产工具是衡量生产力水平的重要尺度C科学技术在生产工具的变革中具有重要作用D社会形态的更替有其一定的顺序性8 、对社会发展最有利的地理环境是()A 自然条件的单纯富饶B 自然条件的差异性和多样性C 草木繁茂、雨量充足的热带D 土地肥沃、雨量适中的平原9、有首古诗:“王子去求仙,丹成入九天,洞中方七日,世上已千年”,这是用神话形式说明时间的()A客观性 B有限性 C相对性 D可知性10、在自由与必然关系问题上,马克思主义哲学认为,自由是指人们()A完全按照自己的意志创造历史B不受必然性制约的创造性活动C对客观必然性的认识和对客观世界的改造D按照共同拟定的计划改造自然和社会四、多项选择题(每题2分共10分)1、国家与旧的氏族组织相比较所具有的显著特征有()A按地域划分居民 B 拥有居民自动武装组织C拥有特殊的武装队伍D征收赋税2、下列观点中包含实践对认识的决定作用原理的是()A没有调查就没有发言权 B冰冻三尺,非一日之寒C百闻不如一见,百见不如一干 D学习如逆水行舟,不进则退3、在社会生活中,人()A 既是价值主体,又是价值客体 B既为他人服务,又接受他人服务C既是目的,也是手段 D既尽义务,又享受权利4、恩格斯说:“经济上落后的国家在哲学上仍然能演奏第一提琴。
山西师范大学文学院

院系:_____________ 专业:_______________ 班级:_________ 学号:___________ 姓名:_____________山 西 师 范 大 学 文 学 院 2007——2008 学 年 第 二 学 期 期 末 考 试 试 题 (卷)密 封 线 密 封 线 以 内 不 准 作 任 何 标 记 密 封 线五、论述题(10分)阅读下面这段话,举例回答后面的问题。
心理学家维戈茨基在谈到文学的形式时谈到:千百年来,美学家们一直在强调形式和内容的和谐一致,强调形式图解、补充和配合内容;而我们突然发现,这是一个莫大的谬误,形式是同内容作战,同它斗争,形式克服内容,形式和内容的这一辨证矛盾似乎正是我们的审美反应的真正心理学内涵。
问题:1、谈谈中国传统文论和西方的形式主义对形式的不同认识,并对他们的观点合理评价。
2、如何正确地看待形式与内容之间的关系?山 西 师 范 大 学 2007——2008 学 年 第 二 学 期 期 末 考 试 试 题 (卷)密 封 线 密 封 线 以 内 不 准 作 任 何 标 记 密 封 线四、分析题(每小题11分,共22分)答案要点:1、文学既是无功利的又是功利的,既是形象(感性)的又是理性的,既是情感的又是认识的。
由此,我们可以得出:文学的审美意识形态性质是对文学活动的特殊性质的概括,指文学是一种交织着无功利与功利、形象与理性、情感与认识等综合特性的话语活动。
在这双重性质中,审美的性质是突出的和直接的,而意识形态性质(即社会性质)则是间接的和隐藏的。
文学并不直接体现其意识形态性质——功利、理性、认识,而总是保持自己的审美风貌。
但在这风貌背后,总是巧妙地体现着意识形态的性质。
而且,文学愈是审美的,就愈能寄寓意识形态意图,人们总是在著名的文学作品中受到启迪教育,受到感染鼓舞。
2、艺术概括就是通过观照特殊事物来完成统一任务的,即通过概括个别而推出一般。
2022年山西师范大学教育学专业《普通心理学》期末试卷A(有答案)

2022年山西师范大学教育学专业《普通心理学》期末试卷A(有答案)一、单项选择题1、心理学的研究对象主要是()。
A.灵魂B.行为C.行为与意识D.躯体与神经2、S=KIn,斯蒂文森提出的该公式表达了()之间的关系。
A.感受性与感觉阈限B.绝对感受性与绝对感觉阈限C.差别感受性与差别感觉阈限D.心理量与物理量3、神经冲动的传导形式有()。
A.化学传导和声传导B.电传导和光传导C.化学传导和电传导D.光传导和热传导4、运动后效现象属于()。
A.错觉B.似动C.真动知觉D.诱发运动5、“情绪的认识-评估说”强调大脑皮层对情景的认识和评估,反应序列是“情景-评估-情绪”,该情绪理论由提出()。
A.詹姆斯B.坎农C.阿诺德D.沙赫特6、根据鲁利亚的观点,由边缘系统与脑干网状结构等组成的机能系统是()。
A.平衡系统 B.调节系统 C.动力系统D.信息接受、加工和存储系统7、长时记忆系统对来自短时记忆系统的信息的加工是()。
A.物理特性编码B.表象(形象)编码C.言语听觉编码D.语义编码8、具有片断和简缩性,并具有较快速度的言语是()。
A.外部言语B.对话言语C.独自言语D.内部言语9、护士为了工作和病人的需要,不管节假日,不顾家庭负担,坚守工作岗位,全心全意为病人服务的精神,体现了意志的()。
A.坚韧性B.果断性C.自制性D.独立性10、小王开车行驶在马路上,突然从路边窜出一条狗,此时他顾不上多想,迅速转动方向盘并急刹车,刹车之后,他才感觉自己的心砰砰乱跳,呼吸急促,觉得害怕,能够较好地解释该现象的情绪理论是()。
A.詹姆斯-兰格理论B.坎农-巴德学说C.阿诺德的“评定-兴奋”学说D.情绪的动机-分化理论11、下列选项中,属于晶体智力的是()。
A.形成抽象概念的能力 B.发现复杂关系的能力C.理解词汇能力D.知觉的速度12、小莉活泼好动,热情大方,行动敏捷,适应力强,但她做事缺乏耐心和毅力,稳定性差。
由此可以判断她的气质类型是()。
山西师范大学

院系:_____________ 专业:_______________ 班级:_________ 学号:___________ 姓名:_____________山 西 师 范 大 学 2007——2008 学 年 第 一 学 期 期 末 考 试 试 题 (卷)密 封 线 密 封 线 以 内 不 准 作 任 何 标 记 密 封 线13、(《》)第一次创造了我国用部首排列的方法。
其特点是()。
14、(《》)和(《》)是朱起风和符定一平生辛勤劳动的结晶。
二、名词解释(每小题3分,共15分)1、语文词典2、书目3、百科全书4、类书5、年谱三、写出下列工具书的检索途径(每小题2分,共10分)1、检索最新图书出版信息可利用哪本工具书?2、检索关于古代文学家陶潜的论文的途径较多,请列举几种?3、检索古代诗文字句、成语典故的工具书较多,最便捷的是哪几种?4、王晫《今世说》一书收在哪几种丛书中?从哪些图书馆可借到这部著作,可利用哪部工具书?5、检索1949-1979年出版过哪些《诗经》的选注本、选译本?可利用哪本工具书?四、是非判断题(每小题1分,共5分)1、《二十四史纪传人名索引》可以代替《三国志人名索引》。
()2、检索编辑出版方面的名词术语可利用《中国出版年鉴》。
()3、《中国人名大辞典》中没注出生卒年。
()4、检索彼特拉克《歌集》的内容,可在《外国文学手册》中找到。
()5、二十五史是《史记》至《明史》再加上《清史稿》。
{ }五、论述题(每小题10分,共50分)1、论述文献检索的涵义和作用。
2、试比较《现代汉语词典》与《汉语大词典》的异同。
3、简述总集与别集的联系与区别。
4、论述书目在学术研究上的作用和地位。
5、简述《佩文韵府》的检索步骤和方法。
山 西 师 范 大 学 2007——2008 学 年 第 一 学 期 期 末 考 试 试 题 (卷)密 封 线 密 封 线 以 内 不 准 作 任 何 标 记 密 封 线1、涵义:根据研究课题的需要,运用科学的方法,从众多的文献中迅速查出指定文献的工作程序。
山西师范大学期末考试试题 高等代数

院系:_____________ 专业:_______________ 班级:_________ 学号:___________ 姓名:_____________山 西 师 范 大 学 2021——2022学 年 第 二 学 期 期 末 考 试 试 题 (卷)密 封 线 密 封 线 以 内 不 准 作 任 何 标 记 密 封 线山西师范大学期末考试试题(卷)2021—2022学年第二学期院系: 数计学院 专业: 数学与应用数学 考试科目: 高等代数II 试卷号: A 卷题 号 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 总分 分 数评卷人 复查人(注意:答案请写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效!)一、辨析题,先判断正误,再简要说明理由。
(每题3分,共15分)1. 数域P 上的任意一个二次型都可经过非退化的线性替换化为标准形,且化成的标准形是唯一的。
2. 数域P 上的所有n 阶上三角矩阵对于矩阵的加法和数量乘法构成数域P 上的一个线性空间。
3. 线性变换的乘法满足结合律和交换律。
4. 线性空间V 的任意线性变换A 都有1(0)V V -=⊕A A。
5. 欧氏空间V 的线性变换A 是正交变换的充要条件是A 保持V 的任意两个向量的夹角不变。
二、简答题。
(每题4分,共20分)1. 叙述矩阵的相似与合同之间的区别和联系。
2. 给定线性空间V 的一个非零向量,怎样把这个向量扩充为线性空间V 的一组基?3. 解释A 在这两组之下的矩阵的概念及其关系。
4. 叙述正交变换的定义,并解释第一类正交变换和第二类正交变换的含义。
5. 设12,,...,n εεε欧氏空间V 的一组基。
叙述12,,...,n εεε的度量矩阵的概念,并给出与,V αβ∈的内积的关系。
三、计算题。
(每题15分,共30分)1. 化二次型为标准形:123121323(,,)2+26f x x x x x x x x x =-。
2. 求下列齐次线性方程组的解空间(作为5R 的子空间)的一组标准正交基:123451234532220,230。
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三、简答题(每题8分,共40分)
1、(1)幼儿学校的目的。
奥柏尔林十分重视学前儿童的教育。
他认为,在儿童早期就应该开始实施正确的教育。
其目的是,通过把儿童置于有规律的照料和指导之下,创造出一种有秩序的生活;通过教授正确的法语,使儿童理解法语的赞美诗和说教;通过手工的传授,培养儿童勤劳的精神,使他们学会劳动技能。
(2)幼儿学校的内容和方法。
奥柏尔林认为,在儿童早期的教育方面,首要的任务就是语言教育。
奥柏尔林幼儿学校的保育内容包括:标准法语、宗教赞美诗、唱歌、讲童话和格言、采集和观察植物、地图知识、游戏以及手工编织方法的系别: 年级:_______________ 班
级全称:_________
姓名:____
_________ 山 西 师 范 大 学 2007——2008 学 年 第 二 学 期 期 末 考 试 试 题 ( 卷)
山 西 师
范 大 学 2007——2008 学 年 第 二 学 期 期 末 考 试 试
题
(卷) 密 封 线 密 封 线 以 内 不 准 作 任 何 标 记 密 封 线
传授等。
(3)幼儿学校的教师。
为了在所辖教区进行幼儿学校的工作,奥柏尔林聘请一些善良的有编织技能的妇女担任儿童的指导员。
其中,奥柏尔林最得力的助手就是路易斯·舍普勒。
奥柏尔林一般先给这些女指导员讲解教学内容,以便使她们更容易地给年幼儿童讲解。
2、清末的蒙养院,是幼儿家庭教育向社会教育转化的形式,虽然有了蒙养的建制,但幼儿教育仍主要在家庭中进行,采取的是“蒙养家教合一”的方针。
“章程”规定:“蒙养家教合一之宗旨,在于以蒙养院辅助家庭教育,以家庭教育包括女学。
”蒙养院的形式,不过是学前教育从家庭教育向社会教育的一种过渡。
蒙养院是辅助家庭教育的组织。
训练保姆的教材,也要每家散给一本,以供教育孩子使用。
每个家庭都是一个蒙养院。
家庭也可以雇保姆教养子女。
保姆成绩合格,发给保姆教习凭单,听其自营生意,也可受聘于家庭成为家庭保姆。
3、朱熹的儿童教育思想主要包括以下几个方面:(1)重视蒙养教育。
他依据古代的教育经验,把整个学校教育的过程划分为小学与大学两个阶段。
其中8-15岁为小学教育段,即蒙养教育段。
他特别重视蒙养阶段的基础教育作用。
为了说明其重要性,他还把小学阶段的教育形象地比喻为“打坯模”阶段。
(2)要求慎择师友。
由于幼儿模仿性强,是非辨别能力弱,周围的环境对他们的影响很大。
因此朱熹也与古代许多教育家一样,强调在幼儿教育中应注意慎择师友。
(3)强调“学眼前事”。
他规定小学的主要任务应当是“学其事”,学习眼前日用的事。
为使儿童“眼前之事”的学习有章可循,他亲自为儿童编写了《小学》与《童蒙须知》两部教材。
(4)提倡正面教育。
朱熹在教育工作中一贯重视和提倡以正面教育为主。
根据正面教育的原则,他还对教师提出指导、示范和适时启发的要求。
4、民国时期,南京临时政府和北洋政府在教育制度上先后进行了两次学制改革,推动了学前教育制度的发展。
(1)蒙养园制度的建立。
在蔡元培的主持下制定并公布了“壬子癸丑(1912-1913年)学制”。
将蒙养院改为蒙养园,收未满6岁的儿童。
同年,教育部还公布了《师范学校令》和《师范学校规程》。
由于民国初年这几项法规的颁布,就使蒙养园制度得以确立。
(2)幼稚园制度在学制体系上的确立。
1922年11月,教育部通过《学校系统改革案》,这就是所谓“新学制”,又称“壬戌学制”。
此学制规定:幼稚园招收6岁以下之儿童。
正式将幼稚园列入学制系统。
5、卢梭的自然教育理论,以及适应儿童天性发展的教育年龄分期及方法,击中了旧教育的弊病,闪烁着新教育的光辉,在西方教育史上被世人誉为新旧教育的分水岭。
尽管卢梭的教育理论中存在着一些片面、偏激及至自相矛盾的地方,但是,他的教育理论在历史上具有积极的进步意义,同时也促使后世儿童观和教育观的巨大变革,实为开创新教育的一个重要的里程碑,极大地推动了近代幼儿教育理论的发展。
四、论述题(每题15分,共30分)
1、颜之推的家庭教育思想主要包括以下几个方面:(1)固须早教。
他认为家庭教育要及早进行,有条件的还应在儿童未出生时就实行胎教。
(2)威严有慈。
他要求父母对子女威严有慈,慈严结合,不能无教而有爱,这无疑是正确的。
但他对棍棒教育推崇备至,显然是不可取的。
(3)均爱勿偏。
他认为,在家庭教育中应当切忌偏宠,不论子女聪慧与否,都应以同样的爱护与教育标准来对待。
(4)应世经务。
他主张上自明王圣帝,下至庶人凡子,均须勤奋学习,学习的目的在于“行道以利世”,要掌握“应世经务”的真实本领。
(5)重视风化陶染。
他十分重视让儿童置身于比较优良的社会交往的环境之中。
(6)语言的学习应该成为儿童教育的一项重要内容。
学习语言应注意规范,不应强调方言,要重视通用语言。
2、洛克的幼儿教育思想主要体现在幼儿的体育、德育和智育三个方面。
洛克十分重视幼儿的体育。
在他看来,这是未来的“绅士”首先要具备的条件。
为了使儿童能有强健的体魄,他强调身体的锻炼要从小抓起。
首先就要让他们养成适应冷热变化的习惯。
在饮食方面,他主张儿童过有节制的生活,每天的饮食要极清淡、极简单。
在运动方面,他要求儿童除了坚持每天的户外活动外,还要学习游泳。
洛克认为,德育是形成人的健康精神至关重要的环节,德行是人生最重要。
最不可缺少品德。
为了形成幼儿
的德行,他强调进行理性教育,而且理性教育要及早抓起。
理性教育的方法有:“慎奖励,少惩罚;重名誉,恶羞辱;少限制,多练习;树榜样,做示范。
在绅士教育理论理论中,洛克把智育放在较为次要的位置。
他认为,读书、写字和学问也是必需的,但并不是最主要的。
洛克也要求他们学习知识和学问。
但他首先强调幼儿智力的发展与训练,学习的根本目的“是增进心的活动与能力,而不是扩大心的所有物”。
在论述知识教育时,他认为,对幼儿来说,适宜学习写字、图画、阅读、语言、舞蹈和游戏等他还认为,儿童的学习内容要经常变化,不断更新,才能使他们专心勤勉地来接受,而不致感到厌倦。
洛克在幼儿教育上形成了一些独特的见解,科学地按体育、德育和智育分别论述,并赋予了丰富的内涵,提出了许多有价值的。
但是,由于洛克推崇家庭教育而反对学校教育,因此他的幼儿教育理论无疑是论述家庭幼儿教育的。