介绍北京1
古都北京古今变迁1
古都北京古今变迁1古都北京古今变迁1中国的都城是随着早期国家的建立而诞生的，而在由原始社会向奴隶社会过渡时期的都城则产生得更早，如山西临汾是我们华夏文化的发祥地之一，古称平阳，传为帝尧建都之地，史称“陶唐古都，伊祁旧地”。
山西省最西南端的永济县相传为舜都。
公元前21世纪，我国第一个奴隶制王朝——夏朝建立，相传其都是于阳城（今河南登封县东），这样我国最早的全国性都城诞生了。
后因各种历史的原因，古都数目不断增多，据《水经注》载，到北魏时止，都城约有180处，加上以后各朝都城，总数应在200处以上。
在所有的王朝都城之中，特别著名的是北京、西安、洛阳、开封、南京、杭州和安阳七处。
在历代古都之中，以七大古都所统治的地域最为广大，经历的年代最为悠久，在历史上所产生的影响最为重要。
北京在奴隶社会时期就是燕、蓟重镇，辽的陪都和金、元、明、清的故都，地上地下文物保存非常丰富，为世界闻名的历史文化古城。
这座古城历史悠久，距今已有3000多年历史。
现有天安门、人民英雄纪念碑、纪念堂、故宫、北海、天坛、颐和园、明十三陵、万里长城和中国猿人遗址等重要革命和历史文物。
北京是一个具有悠久历史的文化古都，早在公元前一千多年的时候，那时的燕国就在这里建起了城墙，从此开创了北京城墙文化的历史。
随着历史的演变和发展，北京城墙所承载的文化内涵也不断被延展着、变化着、丰富着。
城墙是人类开始走向文明的标志。
说到文明就总是离不了城墙、青铜器、文字、阶级这几个标志，而对于古代中国文明的发掘无不以城墙遗址为要，可见城墙对文明来说是多么的重要。
城墙的建设不仅仅反映了人们挖壕筑墙的水平，而且还反映了古代青铜矿冶和铸造的科技进步水平。
只有相对高级和相对发达的城墙建筑，才能够保证城市生活的稳定和发展，这才是城墙“文化”最贴切的核心内涵。
一、城之形制在我国古代的汉字中的“城”，一方面是指“城墙”，另一方面又指“城市”。
对于中国古代的城市的建设来说，大多是先修筑城墙，后形成市区的。
北京的城市职能1
北京的城市职能
• • • • • • 政治中心 重要的经济中心 文化科研教育中心 交通中心 历史文化名城 对外交往中心
你能分别举 例说明北京 的城市功能 吗？
首都国际机场
北京首都国际机场是我国地 理位置最重要、规模最大、 设备最齐全、运输生产最繁 忙的大型国际航空港,也是中 国民用航空网络的辐射中心。
北京六个列入世界遗产名录的景点 ： 颐和园、长城、、周口店猿人遗址 故宫、明十三陵、天坛
外国大使馆
•北京是中国重要的国际交往中心。 北京有许多国际组织驻华机构和 100多个外国大使馆、国际组织代 表机构，海外企业代表机构，外国 新闻驻京记者站等国际交往机构， 各种国际会议也在此频繁召开，是 全国对外交往的中心。
北京是中共中央、全国人民 代表大会常务委员会和中央 人民政府所在地。中央党政 军领导机关所在地。许多关 系到党和国家政治生活的重 要决策在这里制定，许多重 大决定和号令都是从这里发 布。
最高人民法院
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
人民大会 人民大会堂
堂
中国银行 总行
北京金融街
国家主要文化、新闻、出 版、影视等机构所在地， 国家大型文化和体育活动 举办地，国家级高等院校 及科研院所聚集地. 是全 国高等学校最集中、教育 水平最高的地区。
中国美术馆
首都图书馆
重要的交通枢纽
北京的主要铁路干线有： 京哈线 京九线 京包线 京沪线 京广线
北京市是全国重要的
交通枢纽，具有四通 八达的铁路线。
北京西客站
北京是全国的铁路枢纽，北京共有 四个火车站，其中北京火车站和北 京西客站是主要国内列车和国际列 车的停靠站和始发站。北京西站是 九十年代建成的亚洲最大的火车站。
1~10数字谐音自我介绍
1~10数字谐音自我介绍
1、你好，大家好！我是来自北京的小一，我叫李一，一表示“一心一意，一往无前”。
我喜欢阅读、画画、跳舞，希望可以在这里收获更
多的知识和经验！
2、大家好，我是陈二，二表示“助人为乐，二人同行”。
我喜欢旅游、品尝美食、看电影，希望在这里认识更多有趣的朋友！
3、大家好，我是来自广州的朱三，三表示“三人行，必有我师焉”。
我热爱学习、阅读、写作，希望能够在这里遇到志同道合的伙伴！
4、大家好，我是黄四，四表示“四海为家，四方来贺”。
我对音乐、游戏、旅游很有兴趣，希望在这里可以找到志同道合的小伙伴！
5、大家好，我是来自上海的王五，五表示“五湖四海，五颜六色”。
我喜欢阅读、写作、打乒乓球，希望可以在这里结交更多优秀的朋友！
6、大家好，我是赵六，六表示“溜须拍马，六亲不认”。
我喜欢唱歌、跳舞、电影，希望在这里可以找到志同道合的好朋友！
7、大家好，我是孙七，七表示“七上八下，七窍生烟”。
我喜欢音乐、电影、文学，希望和大家一起在这里探讨更多的话题！
8、大家好，我是李八，八表示“八面玲珑，八方来贺”。
我热爱运动、阅读、旅游，希望在这里找到志同道合的朋友！
9、大家好，我是周九，九表示“九九归一，永远保持初心”。
我喜欢音乐、电影、旅游，希望在这里结交更多有趣的朋友！
10、大家好，我是郑十，十表示“十年磨一剑，方能成大器”。
介绍北京故宫的景点
介绍北京故宫的景点《游北京故宫：一场穿越历史的奇妙之旅》嘿，朋友们！今天我想跟你们唠唠北京故宫，那可是个超级厉害的地方。
一走进故宫的大门，哇塞，就感觉像是一下子穿越回了古代。
那朱红色的城墙又高又厚，就像一个个忠诚的卫士，守护着这里面数不清的故事。
这让我想起有一次我和朋友来这儿，朋友开玩笑说这墙肯定偷听了好多皇帝的小秘密呢，哈哈。
沿着中轴线往前走，首先映入眼帘的就是太和殿啦。
太和殿那可真是气派得不像话。
它那金黄的琉璃瓦在阳光下闪闪发光，晃得人眼睛都快睁不开了。
殿前那宽阔的广场，我估摸能容下好几千人呢。
我站在那儿，脑海里就浮现出以前皇帝坐在龙椅上，大臣们在下面毕恭毕敬地朝拜的画面。
我那朋友还特搞笑，学着大臣的样子，弯着腰，嘴里念叨着“吾皇万岁万万岁”，逗得周围的游客都哈哈大笑。
再往里面走就是中和殿啦。
中和殿感觉就像是太和殿和保和殿之间的一个过渡，没有太和殿那么张扬，但是自有一股低调的奢华。
中和殿的建筑风格那也是相当精致，每一处的雕刻都像是在诉说着过去工匠们的心血。
我仔细瞧了瞧那些雕刻，有龙啊、凤啊，还有各种吉祥的图案，那线条流畅得就像画上去的一样。
这时候我那朋友突然问我：“你说这工匠得花多少时间才能刻出这么好看的东西啊？”我想了想说：“估计得花一辈子的功夫吧。
”保和殿也很有看头。
保和殿在古代可是举行殿试的地方呢，能在这儿考试的那可都是学霸中的学霸。
我就想啊，以前那些考生在这儿肯定紧张得不行，我站在里面都感觉有点压力山大了。
我和朋友在这儿还讨论呢，如果我们回到古代，估计连殿试的门儿都摸不着，哈哈。
故宫的东西六宫也很有趣。
这里就像是一个大的后宫小区，每个宫殿都有自己的名字和故事。
我走进一个宫殿，里面的布置虽然没有了当年的繁华，但还是能想象出以前妃子们在这里生活的场景。
我看到那小小的床铺，就对朋友说：“这床看起来好小啊，妃子们睡觉会不会掉下去呢？”朋友白了我一眼说：“你操心的事儿还真多。
”不过说真的，这些宫殿虽然看起来有点破旧了，但那种历史的韵味是怎么也挡不住的。
向你的外国朋友介绍一个城市北京英语作文
向你的外国朋友介绍一个城市北京英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Beijing: A City Where Ancient Meets ModernDear friend,I hope this letter finds you well! As you know, I've been studying in Beijing for the past year, and I can't help but share my awe and appreciation for this incredible city. Beijing is a place where ancient traditions seamlessly blend with modern marvels, creating a captivating fusion that will leave you mesmerized.Let me start by taking you on a journey through the heart of Beijing, the Forbidden City. This vast complex, once the exclusive domain of emperors and their households, is a true architectural marvel. As you step through the iconic Meridian Gate, you'll be transported back in time, surrounded by grand palaces, intricate carvings, and an aura of imperial grandeur. The sheer scale and attention to detail are simply breathtaking, reminding us of China's rich cultural heritage.But Beijing is not just about its glorious past; it's also a city that embraces modernity with open arms. Just a stone's throw away from the Forbidden City lies Tiananmen Square, a vast expanse that has witnessed some of the nation's most pivotal historical events. It's a place where you can feel the pulse of modern Beijing, with towering skyscrapers and bustling crowds mingling with ancient monuments.One of the city's most iconic landmarks is the Temple of Heaven, a masterpiece of ancient Chinese architecture. This stunning complex, with its intricate wooden structures and striking blue-tiled roofs, was once the site where emperors performed solemn rituals to ensure a bountiful harvest. Stepping into the temple grounds, you'll be enveloped by a sense of tranquility and reverence, a stark contrast to the bustling city that surrounds it.Beijing's culinary scene is another highlight that will tantalize your taste buds. From the humble jianbing (a savory crepe-like street food) to the exquisite Peking duck served in upscale restaurants, the city's diverse cuisine reflects its rich cultural tapestry. Don't miss out on trying the iconic Beijing noodles, handmade and perfectly chewy, or indulging in the delectablexiaolongbao (soup dumplings) that burst with flavor in your mouth.Beyond its historical and culinary attractions, Beijing is also a hub of modern entertainment and nightlife. The city boasts an array of trendy bars, clubs, and live music venues, where you can experience the vibrant energy of Beijing's youth culture. From underground DJ parties to upscale rooftop lounges, there's something for every taste and mood.One of my favorite pastimes in Beijing is exploring its hutongs – the labyrinthine network of narrow alleys and traditional courtyard homes. These charming neighborhoods offer a glimpse into the city's past, where you'll find locals going about their daily routines, small vendors selling delicious street food, and hidden gems like quaint tea houses and artisanal shops. It's a world unto itself, a stark contrast to the towering skyscrapers that dominate the city's skyline.Beyond its historical and cultural wonders, Beijing is also a city that embraces modernity and progress. The city's growing tech scene, thriving art districts, and cutting-edge architecture showcase China's rapid development and ambition to be at the forefront of innovation.As I reflect on my time in Beijing, I'm struck by the city's ability to seamlessly blend the old and the new, creating a unique and captivating experience. It's a place where ancient traditions are celebrated and preserved, while also embracing the exciting possibilities of the future.So, my dear friend, when will you be visiting Beijing? I can't wait to show you around this incredible city and share the countless wonders it has to offer. From the grandeur of the Forbidden City to the bustling nightlife and culinary delights, Beijing is sure to leave an indelible mark on your heart and soul.Until then, take care and happy travels!Your friend,[Your Name]篇2Beijing: A City of Contrasts and WondersHey there, friend! As an avid traveler, you've probably heard a lot about Beijing, the capital of China. But let me tell you, this city is like no other place on Earth. It's a fascinating blend of ancient history and modern marvels, where the old and newcoexist in a delicate dance. Prepare to be amazed as I take you on a journey through the streets of Beijing.First and foremost, Beijing is a city steeped in history. You can't help but feel a sense of awe when you stand before the Forbidden City, the iconic imperial palace that served as the home to 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties. This breathtaking complex, with its intricate architecture and massive courtyards, is a true testament to China's rich cultural heritage. Just walking through its gates transports you back in time, and you can almost hear the echoes of history whispering in your ear.But Beijing isn't just about the past; it's also a vibrant, modern metropolis. Just a stone's throw away from the Forbidden City lies Tiananmen Square, the heart of modern Beijing. This vast open space, flanked by imposing government buildings and the mausoleum of Mao Zedong, has witnessed some of the most pivotal moments in China's recent history. It's a place where tradition and modernity collide, and you can't help but feel the weight of its significance.Speaking of modernity, you'll be amazed by Beijing'sever-evolving skyline. Towering skyscrapers and sleek, contemporary architecture stand side by side with historic hutongs (traditional alleyways) and iconic structures like theCCTV Headquarters, affectionately known as the "Twisted Donut." It's a city that's constantly reinventing itself while still cherishing its roots.One of the most breathtaking sights in Beijing is the Great Wall of China. This ancient fortification stretches for thousands of miles, snaking its way across rugged mountain ranges and through lush valleys. Climbing the Great Wall is a bucket-list experience that will leave you in awe of the sheer scale and engineering prowess of those who built it centuries ago. As you gaze out over the rolling hills and the winding path of the Wall, you'll feel a sense of insignificance and yet a deep connection to the generations that came before.But Beijing isn't just about grand monuments and historic sites; it's also a city that's alive with vibrant culture and delectable cuisine. The food scene in Beijing is simply out of this world. From the mouthwatering Peking duck to the humble yet delicious jianbing (a savory crepe-like street food), you'll find yourself immersed in a culinary adventure that will tantalize your taste buds like never before. And let's not forget about the bustling night markets, where you can sample an array of bizarre and exotic foods that will challenge even the most adventurous eaters among us.If you're a shopper, Beijing will be your paradise. From the sprawling Silk Street Market, where you can haggle for everything from designer knockoffs to traditional Chinese souvenirs, to the trendy Sanlitun district, where you can indulge in some high-end retail therapy, there's something for every budget and taste. And if you're looking for a more authentic shopping experience, don't miss the chance to explore the winding hutongs and stumble upon hidden gems that only locals know about.But Beijing isn't just about sightseeing and shopping; it's also a city that celebrates arts and culture in a big way. From the iconic Peking Opera, with its elaborate costumes and mesmerizing performances, to the cutting-edge contemporary art scene that's rapidly gaining international recognition, Beijing is a true melting pot of artistic expression. And let's not forget about the thriving music scene, where you can find everything from traditional Chinese instruments to cutting-edge electronic beats.And let's not forget about the people of Beijing themselves. Warm, friendly, and always eager to share their culture with visitors, the locals add a special charm to this incredible city. Whether it's striking up a conversation with a street vendor orexchanging smiles with a fellow pedestrian, you'll quickly discover that Beijing's true spirit lies in its people.So, my friend, if you ever have the chance to visit Beijing, seize it with both hands. This city is a true feast for the senses, a place where East and West, tradition and modernity, collide in the most spectacular ways. Whether you're exploring ancient monuments, savoring exquisite cuisine, or simply soaking in the vibrant energy of the city, Beijing will leave an indelible mark on your heart and soul.Trust me, after experiencing the wonders of Beijing, you'll never look at the world quite the same way again.篇3Beijing: A Captivating Blend of Ancient Tradition and Modern MarvelsDear friend,As a student living in Beijing, the capital of China, I'm constantly in awe of this city's unique blend of ancient traditions and modern wonders. Beijing is a place where the echoes of history resonate through every alleyway, while the pulse ofprogress beats vibrantly in its bustling streets. Let me take you on a journey through this remarkable metropolis.The Heart of China's History: The Forbidden City and Tiananmen SquareNo visit to Beijing is complete without exploring the iconic Forbidden City, the epitome of imperial grandeur. This vast palace complex, with its intricate architecture and vibrant hues, was once the exclusive domain of China's emperors. As you wander through its ornate halls and courtyards, you'll be transported back in time, imagining the opulence and power that once reigned within these walls.Adjacent to the Forbidden City lies Tiananmen Square, a vast expanse that bears witness to some of China's most pivotal historical moments. This iconic square is flanked by impressive structures, including the Tiananmen Gate and the imposing Mao Zedong Memorial Hall. Here, you'll find yourself caught up in the energy of the crowds, a testament to the city's enduring spirit.The Great Wall: An Engineering MarvelNo description of Beijing would be complete without mentioning the Great Wall, one of the world's most remarkable feats of engineering. This ancient fortification snakes across therugged mountains surrounding the city, offering breathtaking vistas and a tangible connection to China's rich past. Hiking along the Great Wall is an experience that will leave you in awe of the determination and ingenuity of its builders.Contemporary Wonders: The Bird's Nest and Water CubeBeijing is not just a repository of history; it's also a showcase of modern architectural marvels. The iconic Bird's Nest Stadium, with its intricate lattice-work design, was the centerpiece of the 2008 Olympic Games. Nearby, the striking Water Cube, with its unique bubble-like structure, stands as a testament to China's engineering prowess.Hutongs: Glimpses into Traditional LifeAmidst the towering skyscrapers and bustling streets, Beijing's hutongs offer a glimpse into the city's traditional way of life. These narrow alleyways, lined with courtyard homes and quaint shops, invite you to slow down and immerse yourself in the rhythms of old Beijing. Stroll through these charming neighborhoods, and you'll be rewarded with a sense of tranquility and authentic local experiences.Culinary Delights: From Peking Duck to Street FoodBeijing's culinary scene is a feast for the senses. The city is renowned for its Peking duck, a delicacy that has been perfected over centuries. But beyond this iconic dish, you'll find a dazzling array of street food vendors, offering everything from savory jianbing (Chinese crepes) to tangy candied hawthorn berries. Be prepared to indulge your taste buds and embark on a gastronomic adventure.Urban Oases: Parks and TemplesIn a city as densely populated as Beijing, finding pockets of tranquility is essential. Fortunately, the city is home to numerous parks and temples that offer respite from the urban hustle and bustle. The Summer Palace, with its serene lakes and exquisite gardens, is a true oasis, while the Lama Temple and Confucius Temple provide glimpses into China's rich spiritual heritage.Nightlife and EntertainmentAs the sun sets, Beijing transforms into a vibrant playground for night owls. The city's entertainment districts, such as Sanlitun and Houhai, come alive with an array of bars, clubs, and live music venues. From trendy rooftop lounges to underground speakeasies, Beijing's nightlife caters to every taste and style.Beijing is a city that defies simple descriptions. It's a place where ancient traditions coexist with cutting-edge modernity, where the echoes of history blend seamlessly with the energy of the present. As a student, I feel incredibly fortunate to call this captivating metropolis my home, and I hope this glimpse into its wonders has inspired you to experience it for yourself one day.Warmest regards,[Your Name]篇4Beijing: A Glimpse into China's Ancient and Modern CapitalDear friend,I hope this letter finds you well! As you know, I've been studying in Beijing for the past year, and I can't help but feel amazed by this incredible city every single day. Beijing is a place where ancient history meets modern marvels, and I'm thrilled to share my experiences with you. Grab a cup of tea, and let me take you on a journey through the heart of China's capital.The Forbidden City: A Timeless WonderLet's start with the crown jewel of Beijing, the Forbidden City. This vast complex, once the exclusive domain of emperors andtheir households, is a testament to China's rich cultural heritage. As you step through the magnificent Meridian Gate, you're instantly transported back in time. The intricate architecture, with its grand halls, ornate details, and vibrant colors, will leave you awestruck.Imagine walking through the imperial gardens, where emperors sought solace and contemplation. The perfectly manicured landscapes, adorned with ancient trees and serene ponds, offer a tranquil escape from the bustling city. Don't forget to visit the Palace Museum, housing an invaluable collection of artwork, artifacts, and relics from China's dynastic eras.The Great Wall: A Marvel of EngineeringNo visit to Beijing would be complete without witnessing the Great Wall, one of the world's most impressive engineering feats. This colossal structure, snaking across rugged mountains and valleys, is a symbol of human perseverance and ingenuity. As you hike along the ancient stones, you can't help but feel a sense of awe and respect for the laborers who built it centuries ago.The section of the Great Wall near Beijing, known as Badaling, is a popular spot for visitors. However, if you're up for a more adventurous experience, I highly recommend venturing to the less crowded sections like Mutianyu or Jinshanling. There,you can truly appreciate the wall's grandeur and take in the breathtaking vistas of the surrounding landscapes.Tiananmen Square and the HutongsIn the heart of Beijing lies Tiananmen Square, the vast public space that has witnessed some of China's most pivotal historical events. As you stand in the square, surrounded by imposing monuments and buildings, you can't help but feel the weight of history. Keep an eye out for the iconic portrait of Chairman Mao Zedong, which hangs on the Tiananmen Gate and serves as a powerful symbol of China's modern era.Just a stone's throw away from Tiananmen Square, you'll find the captivating Hutongs – a labyrinth of narrow alleyways and traditional courtyard houses that offer a glimpse into Beijing's past. Wander through these charming neighborhoods, where you'll encounter locals going about their daily routines, street vendors selling mouthwatering snacks, and hidden gems like quaint teahouses and artisan workshops.Modern Marvels and Culinary DelightsBeijing is not just a city steeped in history; it's also a thriving metropolis embracing the future. The city's skyline is punctuated by breathtaking modern architecture, such as the iconic Bird'sNest Stadium and the striking CCTV Headquarters. These structures are a testament to China's rapid development and prowess in design and engineering.But Beijing isn't just about sightseeing; it's also a culinary paradise. From the mouth-watering Peking duck to the delectable dumplings and noodle dishes, the city offers a tantalizing array of flavors to explore. Don't miss out on the vibrant food streets and night markets, where you can sample an endless variety of delicacies and immerse yourself in the bustling atmosphere.Beijing's Cultural RichnessBeyond its tangible attractions, Beijing is a city that exudes a rich cultural tapestry. From the ancient temples and palaces that dot the cityscape to the vibrant art galleries and museums showcasing contemporary works, there's something to captivate every cultural enthusiast.Attend a traditional Beijing Opera performance and be mesmerized by the intricate costumes, elaborate makeup, and powerful storytelling. Explore the city's thriving art scene, where talented artists are pushing boundaries and creatingthought-provoking pieces that reflect the ever-evolving spirit of China.A City of Contrasts and Endless DiscoveryWhat I find most fascinating about Beijing is the harmonious coexistence of the ancient and the modern, the traditional and the cutting-edge. This city is a living embodiment of China's transformation, where the past is celebrated and the future is embraced with open arms.As I wander through the streets, I'm constantly reminded of the incredible diversity and richness that Beijing has to offer. From the bustling commercial districts to the serene parks and gardens, there's always something new to discover around every corner.So, my dear friend, if you ever have the opportunity to visit Beijing, seize it wholeheartedly. Immerse yourself in the city's captivating sights, flavors, and cultural treasures. I can assure you that Beijing will leave an indelible mark on your heart, just as it has on mine.Until we meet again,Your friend,[Your Name]篇5Beijing – A Captivating Blend of Ancient and ModernHey there, friend! I'm excited to share with you about one of the most fascinating cities I've ever visited – Beijing, the capital of China. This bustling metropolis is a mesmerizing blend of ancient history and modern wonders, offering a unique experience that will leave you in awe.Let's start with the iconic landmarks that make Beijing a must-visit destination. The Forbidden City, a vast complex that served as the imperial palace for centuries, is an architectural marvel that will transport you back in time. As you wander through its grand halls and meticulously designed courtyards, you can almost feel the presence of the emperors who once ruled from these walls. The intricate details and sheer scale of this UNESCO World Heritage Site are simply breathtaking.Another iconic site that you can't miss is the Great Wall of China. While sections of the wall stretch across various provinces, the section near Beijing is arguably the most famous and visited. Imagine hiking along this ancient fortification, taking in the breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and valleys. It's an experience that will make you appreciate the engineering marvels of ancient civilizations and the sheer determination of those who built this wonder.But Beijing is not just about ancient history; it's also a vibrant, modern city that embraces progress while respecting its roots. One of the most striking examples of this is the Olympic Park, home to the famous Bird's Nest and Water Cube stadiums. These iconic structures, built for the 2008 Summer Olympics, showcase China's architectural prowess and innovative spirit. Exploring the park and marveling at these unique designs is an absolute must.Speaking of modern marvels, you can't leave Beijing without visiting the futuristic Sanlitun district. This trendy neighborhood is a hub for shopping, dining, and nightlife, boasting an array of high-end boutiques, international restaurants, and vibrant clubs. It's the perfect place to experience Beijing's cosmopolitan vibe and indulge in some retail therapy or culinary adventures.And let's not forget about the cultural experiences that await you in Beijing. The city is home to numerous museums, galleries, and performance venues that showcase China's rich artistic heritage. Whether you're interested in ancient artifacts, contemporary art, or traditional performances like Beijing Opera, you'll find an abundance of options to immerse yourself in the local culture.One of my favorite experiences in Beijing was exploring the picturesque parks and gardens scattered throughout the city. From the serene B篇6Beijing: A City of Contrast and WonderHey there! I'm so excited to share with you all about Beijing, the vibrant capital of China. It's a city that seamlessly blends ancient traditions with modern marvels, offering an unforgettable experience to every visitor. Get ready to embark on a journey through bustling streets, imperial grandeur, and delectable culinary delights!First things first, let's talk about the sheer scale of this metropolis. Beijing is massive, like really massive! With a population of over 21 million people, it's one of the most populous cities in the world. But don't let the numbers intimidate you; the city has a remarkable way of making you feel right at home amidst the hustle and bustle.One of the most iconic landmarks in Beijing is, without a doubt, the Forbidden City. This vast palace complex, built during the Ming Dynasty, is an architectural masterpiece that will leave you in awe. Imagine walking through the same gates that onceonly emperors could pass, surrounded by intricate carvings, beautiful gardens, and an overwhelming sense of history. It's like stepping into a real-life museum, but one that's incrediblywell-preserved and brimming with stories waiting to be discovered.Speaking of history, you can't visit Beijing without exploring the Great Wall of China. Trust me; it's an experience like no other. This ancient fortification stretches for thousands of miles, snaking its way across mountains and valleys. Climbing the steep steps and taking in the breathtaking views from the top is an absolute must-do. It's a reminder of the incredible feats of human ingenuity and perseverance. Plus, how cool would it be to say you've walked on one of the Seven Wonders of the World?But Beijing isn't just about ancient monuments and historical sites. It's also a city that embraces modernity with open arms. Head over to the Central Business District, and you'll be greeted by towering skyscrapers, sleek shopping malls, and a vibrant nightlife scene. The contrast between the old and new is truly mesmerizing, and it's something that makes Beijing so unique.One thing you definitely can't miss is the food scene in Beijing. From mouth-watering Peking duck to delectable dumplings and everything in between, this city is a culinaryparadise. I highly recommend trying the classic Beijing snacks like tanghulu (candied haws on a stick) and jian bing (a savory crepe-like treat). And don't even get me started on the incredible street food – it's an adventure for your taste buds!If you're a nature lover, Beijing has some amazing spots for you to explore. The Summer Palace, with its stunning gardens, lakes, and temples, is a true oasis within the city. Or you could venture out to the stunning Fragrant Hills Park, where you can hike through lush greenery and enjoy breathtaking views of the city skyline.But Beijing isn't just about sightseeing and eating (although those are definitely highlights!). It's also a city with a rich cultural heritage that's deeply ingrained in its everyday life. From traditional Chinese opera performances to vibrant temples and festivals, you'll find yourself immersed in a world that celebrates its roots while embracing the future.Now, I know what you're thinking: "But what about the language barrier?" Don't worry, my friend! Beijing is a cosmopolitan city, and many locals, especially in tourist areas, have a decent grasp of English. Plus, with the help of translation apps and a bit of creativity (think charades!), you'll be able to navigate your way around just fine.And let's not forget about the transportation system. Beijing has an incredibly efficient and affordable metro system that can take you pretty much anywhere you need to go. It's clean, reliable, and an absolute lifesaver when it comes to beating the infamous Beijing traffic.Now, I know I've painted a pretty picture-perfect image of Beijing, but let's be real – no city is without its quirks and challenges. One thing you'll quickly notice is the air quality. On some days, the smog can be quite intense, making it a bit harder to breathe and limiting visibility. But don't let that deter you; the city has been taking steps to address this issue, and there are plenty of indoor activities to enjoy on those particularly hazy days.Another thing to keep in mind is the sheer chaos that can sometimes unfold on the streets of Beijing. Traffic rules are more like...suggestions, and jaywalking is an art form. But once you embrace the organized chaos, it becomes part of the city's charm.And let's not forget about the crowds. Beijing is a bustling metropolis, and during peak seasons or holidays, popular attractions can get incredibly crowded. But don't let that stopyou from experiencing the magic – just plan ahead, get there early, and embrace the energy of the masses.Overall, Beijing is a city that will captivate you with its rich history, stunning architecture, delicious cuisine, and vibrant culture. It's a place where ancient traditions seamlessly intertwine with modern innovations, creating a truly unique and unforgettable experience.So, what are you waiting for? Pack your bags, grab your camera, and get ready to immerse yourself in the wonders of Beijing. Trust me; this city will leave an indelible mark on your heart and soul. And who knows, you might even catch me wandering the streets, trying to navigate the organized chaos with a smile on my face and a delicious jian bing in hand!。
导游证《地方导游基础知识》第一章辅导：北京市概况 (1)
导游证《地方导游基础知识》第一章辅导：北京市概况 北京是中华人民共和国首都，中央直辖市，中国政治、文化、科教和国际交流中心，同时也是中国经济金融的决策中心和管理中心。
北京简称“京”，市政府驻地为北京市。
【地理环境】 北京市位于华北平原北部，背靠燕山，毗邻天津市和河北省，并与天津市一起被河北省所环绕。
总面积1.64万平方千米。
北京市山区面积1.02万平方千米，平原区面积为0，62万平方千米。
北京的地势西北高，东南低，平均海拔43.5米。
北京市西部为西山，属太行山脉;北部和东北部为军都山，属燕山山脉。
的山峰为京西门头沟区的东灵山，海拔2303米。
最低的地面为通州区东南边界。
西山、军都山两山在南口关沟相交，形成一个向东南展开的半圆形大山弯，人们称之为“北京弯”，它所围绕的小平原即为北京小平原。
诚如古人所言：“幽州之地，左环沧海，右拥太行，北枕居庸，南襟河济，诚天府之国。
” 北京自西向东贯穿五大水系(属海河流域)：大清河水系(流经房山区的一段称拒马河)、永定河水系、北运河水系(其上游称温榆河)、潮白河水系和蓟运河水系，多由西北部山地发源，向东南蜿蜒流经平原地区，最后分别汇入渤海。
北京没有天然湖泊，有水库85座，其中大型水库有密云水库、官厅水库、怀柔水库、海子水库。
【气候特征】 北京的气候为典型的温带半湿润大陆性季风气候。
春季，气温回升快，昼夜温差大;夏季，酷暑炎热，降水集中，形成雨热同季;秋季，天高气爽，冷暖适宜，光照充足;冬季，寒冷漫长，长达5个月左右。
全年无霜期180~200天，西部山区较短。
年平均气温10℃一12℃。
降水季节分配很不均匀，全年降水的80%集中在夏季6月、7月、8月三个月，7月、8月有大雨。
年平均降水量664毫米。
北京太阳辐射量全年平均为l12—136千卡/厘米，年平均日照时数为2000—2800小时。
值在延庆区和古北口，为2800小时以上;最小值分布在霞云岭，日照为2063小时。
介绍一下北京英语作文不少于5句
介绍一下北京英语作文不少于5句全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Discovering BeijingHello everyone! Today, I want to tell you all about Beijing, the amazing city where I live. Beijing is the capital of China and it's a really cool place to be. Let me share some interesting facts about this fantastic city.Firstly, Beijing is famous for its rich history. There are so many historical sites to explore! The Great Wall of China is one of the most famous landmarks in Beijing. It's really long and you can even see it from space. I went there with my family once, and it was so cool to walk on the wall and imagine what it was like a long time ago.Secondly, Beijing is also known for its delicious food. One of my favorite dishes is called Beijing Roast Duck. It's a special kind of duck that is roasted until the skin is crispy and the meat is tender. When you eat it, you wrap the duck in a thin pancake with some vegetables and sauce. It's really yummy! There arealso lots of street food vendors where you can try all kinds of tasty snacks.Next, let me tell you about the exciting places you can visit in Beijing. The Forbidden City is a must-see attraction. It used to be the palace for emperors in ancient China. Now, it's a huge museum with beautiful buildings and gardens. I felt like a prince or princess walking through the grand halls and imagining what life was like back then.Another cool place is Tiananmen Square. It's one of the largest public squares in the world! I went there on National Day with my classmates, and it was so crowded. We saw the Monument to the People's Heroes and the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall. It was really interesting to learn about the history of China and see all the important buildings.Lastly, Beijing is a city of contrasts. You can find modern skyscrapers and traditional hutongs (narrow alleys) side by side. The Olympic Park is a great example of modern architecture. The Bird's Nest stadium and the Water Cube are so unique and impressive. I felt like I was in a futuristic world when I visited there.In conclusion, Beijing is an amazing city with a rich history, delicious food, and exciting places to visit. I'm so lucky to livehere and experience all the wonderful things it has to offer. If you ever get the chance, I highly recommend visiting Beijing. You won't be disappointed!That's all for today, my friends. I hope you enjoyed learning about Beijing through my eyes. Thank you for listening!篇2Title: Exploring the Wonders of BeijingHello everyone! Today I want to share with you some exciting facts about Beijing, the capital city of China. Beijing is a fantastic place with so much to see and learn!Firstly, let's talk about the Great Wall. It's a famous symbol of China and one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The Great Wall is very long, stretching over 21,000 kilometers! Can you imagine that? It was built a long, long time ago to protect China from enemies. I would love to climb the Great Wall someday and see the beautiful view from the top!Next, we have the Forbidden City. It's like a giant palace where emperors used to live. The Forbidden City has 9,999 rooms, which is a huge number! I can't even count that high. It's a place filled with history and secrets. I would love to explore allthe hidden treasures inside and maybe even pretend to be an emperor for a day!Another amazing place in Beijing is the Temple of Heaven. It's a place where people used to pray for good harvests. The temple is surrounded by a big park where you can see people doing tai chi, flying kites, and playing traditional Chinese music. It sounds so peaceful and fun! I would love to join them and learn some tai chi moves.Oh, and how can we forget about the cute and cuddly pandas? Beijing has a zoo called the Beijing Zoo, where you can see these adorable creatures up close. Pandas are a national treasure of China, and they are so fluffy and playful. I would love to spend a day with them, feeding them bamboo and watching them roll around.Lastly, we have the Olympic Park, where the 2008 Olympic Games were held. It's a place full of sports and excitement. I would love to run on the track and imagine myself winning a gold medal for my country. It's like a dream come true!Beijing is such an amazing city with a rich history and so many wonderful places to explore. I hope one day I can visit Beijing and experience all these incredible things myself. Thankyou for listening to my presentation, and I hope you enjoyed learning about Beijing as much as I did!篇3Exploring BeijingHi everyone! Today, I want to tell you all about Beijing, the amazing city where I live. Beijing is the capital of China and it's a really cool place to be. Let's dive into the exciting world of English compositions in Beijing!First of all, English compositions are a big part of our studies here. We have English classes in school where our teachers teach us how to write interesting and creative essays. We learn about different topics like animals, sports, and even our favorite hobbies. Writing compositions helps us improve our English skills and express our thoughts in a clear and organized way.In Beijing, we also have many opportunities to practice our English writing outside of school. There are writing competitions and events where we can showcase our talents. It's so much fun to participate and show off our creativity to others. We get to meet other students who love writing as much as we do, and we even receive certificates and prizes for our hard work.One of the best things about Beijing is the numerous libraries and bookstores. They are like treasure troves for us young writers! We can find a wide range of English books and resources to help us with our compositions. Sometimes, we spend hours in the library, reading and getting inspired by the amazing stories and ideas from around the world. It's like going on an adventure without leaving the city!In addition, Beijing is a city full of history and culture, and this inspires us in our writing. We can visit historical sites like the Great Wall of China and the Forbidden City, where we learn about the rich heritage of our country. These experiences give us new perspectives and ideas for our compositions. We can write about the bravery of ancient warriors or the beauty of traditional Chinese art. It's like traveling through time with our words!Last but not least, we have wonderful teachers and mentors who guide us in our writing journey. They encourage us to be creative, think outside the box, and express ourselves freely. They give us helpful feedback and teach us new techniques to make our compositions even better. With their support and guidance, we become more confident writers and storytellers.In conclusion, Beijing is a fantastic place for young writers to explore and improve their English compositions. Whether it'sthrough school, competitions, libraries, or the rich culture of the city, we have countless opportunities to grow as writers. So, if you ever visit Beijing, don't forget to bring your notebook and pen, because the city is waiting to inspire your next masterpiece!Hope you enjoyed reading about Beijing and English compositions. Keep writing and have a great time exploring the world of words!篇4Exploring BeijingHi everyone! Today I want to tell you all about the amazing city of Beijing. It's a place full of history, culture, and exciting adventures! Let's dive into the wonders of Beijing!Firstly, let's talk about the Great Wall. It's one of the most famous landmarks in the world! The Great Wall of China is located near Beijing and stretches for thousands of kilometers. Can you imagine that? It's like a huge dragon winding through the mountains! When you visit the Great Wall, you can walk along its ancient stones, learn about its history, and even take pictures to capture the memories.Next, we have the Forbidden City. It's like a magical palace that used to be the home of emperors. The Forbidden City is enormous, with over 9,000 rooms! Wow, that's a lot of rooms! Inside, you can see beautiful gardens, stunning architecture, and precious artifacts. It's like stepping back in time to ancient China. Exploring the Forbidden City will make you feel like a real-life prince or princess!Now, let's talk about the Temple of Heaven. It's a place where emperors used to pray for good harvests. The Temple of Heaven is surrounded by a big park where people come to exercise, fly kites, and have fun. It's a great place to enjoy nature and learn about Chinese traditions. If you're lucky, you might even see locals playing traditional musical instruments or practicing tai chi!Another exciting place to visit in Beijing is the Summer Palace. It's a beautiful garden with a big lake, hills, and stunning pavilions. In summer, you can take a boat ride on the lake or even try your hand at rowing. It's so much fun! The Summer Palace is also a great spot to have a picnic and enjoy the fresh air. Don't forget to bring your camera because you'll want to capture the breathtaking views!Lastly, make sure to visit the Beijing Zoo. It's not just an ordinary zoo, it's home to some adorable giant pandas! Pandas are native to China, and they are so cute and cuddly. You can watch them eat bamboo, play with each other, and maybe even catch them taking a nap. It's an experience you won't want to miss!In conclusion, Beijing is an incredible city with so much to offer. From the Great Wall to the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the Summer Palace, and the Beijing Zoo, there are endless adventures waiting for you. So, grab your backpack, put on your walking shoes, and get ready to explore the wonders of Beijing. It's going to be an unforgettable journey!Remember,篇5Exploring BeijingHello, everyone! Today, I want to tell you about Beijing, the capital city of China. Beijing is a wonderful place with lots of interesting things to see and do.First of all, let me introduce you to the Great Wall. It's a really long wall that stretches across the country. It's so big that youcan even see it from space! When I went there with my family, we had so much fun climbing up the steps and looking out at the beautiful countryside.Next, we visited the Forbidden City. It's a huge palace where emperors used to live a long time ago. The buildings are so grand and colorful, and there are so many rooms to explore. I felt like a prince or princess walking through those ancient halls.Another famous place in Beijing is Tiananmen Square. It's the biggest city square in the world! When we went there, we saw lots of people flying kites and taking pictures. We also visited the Tiananmen Gate, which is a very important symbol of China.But Beijing is not just about historical sites. It also has some really cool modern buildings. One of my favorites is the Bird's Nest stadium. It's called that because it looks like a giant bird's nest made of steel. It's where the 2008 Olympic Games were held, and it's still used for sports events today.Lastly, I have to mention the delicious food in Beijing. We tried Peking duck, which is a famous dish from this city. It's roasted duck with crispy skin and tender meat. It was so yummy! We also had dumplings and noodles, which are traditional Chinese foods.In conclusion, Beijing is an amazing city with a rich history and lots of exciting things to explore. From the Great Wall to the Forbidden City, there's something for everyone. I had so much fun learning about Chinese culture and trying new foods. If you ever get the chance, I highly recommend visiting Beijing!I hope you enjoyed my essay about Beijing. Thank you for listening!篇6Hi, everyone! Today I want to tell you about Beijing, the capital city of China. It's a really cool place!Beijing is a big city with lots of amazing things to see. One of the most famous attractions is the Great Wall of China. It's really long and you can even walk on it! I went there with my family and we had so much fun exploring and taking pictures.Another awesome place in Beijing is the Forbidden City. It's a huge palace with beautiful buildings and gardens. I felt like a prince or princess walking through the grand halls. I learned a lot about ancient China there.There are also many fun activities in Beijing. I went to a traditional Chinese opera show and the actors wore colorfulcostumes. It was like watching a play, but with singing and dancing. I also tried eating Beijing roast duck, which is a famous local dish. It was really tasty!The people in Beijing are friendly and helpful. I met some local students at a park and we played games together. They taught me some Chinese words and it was so cool to learn a new language.I really enjoyed my time in Beijing. It's a city with a rich history and so many exciting things to do. If you ever have a chance to visit, I'm sure you'll have a great time too!I hope you like the essay! If you have any more requests or need further assistance, feel free to ask.。
想去北京的理由一年级写话
想去北京的理由一年级写话1. 我好想去北京哦！北京可好玩了！我听爸爸说，那里有好大好大的天安门广场，可以放好多好多风筝呢。
我要是去了，一定要放一个超级大的风筝，让它飞到天上去跟小鸟打招呼。
2. 还有，北京有好多好多熊猫！它们圆滚滚的，黑白相间，可爱极了。
我要是去了动物园，一定要和熊猫拍好多照片，然后给我的小伙伴们看。
他们肯定会羡慕得眼睛都绿了！3. 听说北京的故宫可大了，里面有好多好多的房间。
我要是去了，一定要数一数到底有多少个房间。
要是数不过来，我就请小老鼠帮忙，它们肯定能钻到每个角落去数清楚。
4. 北京还有长城呢！我在电视上看到过，长城像一条巨大的龙，盘在山上。
我要是去了，一定要爬到最高的地方，看看能不能摸到天上的云彩。
5. 妈妈说北京有很多好吃的，什么烤鸭啊、炸酱面啊。
我最想尝尝烤鸭，听说皮脆肉嫩，可香了。
我要是去了，一定要吃个够，吃到肚子圆鼓鼓的，像个小气球一样。
6. 北京的胡同也很有意思。
听说胡同里的房子都是四四方方的，挨得紧紧的。
我要是去了，一定要在胡同里玩捉迷藏，肯定特别好玩。
7. 我还想去看看奥运会的"鸟巢"。
它长得真的像鸟窝吗？要是真的有小鸟在里面筑巢，那该多有趣啊！我要是去了，一定要仔细找找，看能不能发现小鸟的家。
8. 北京的公园可多了。
我最想去北海公园，听说那里有一个大湖，湖里有好多鱼。
我要是去了，一定要喂鱼，看看它们会不会跳出水面来和我玩。
9. 听说北京的地铁可厉害了，像地下的大蜘蛛网一样，四通八达。
我要是去了，一定要坐地铁去各个地方，看看能不能在地下遇到小老鼠开的地铁。
10. 北京还有很多博物馆。
我最想去自然博物馆，那里有恐龙骨架呢！我要是去了，一定要和恐龙骨架合影，然后告诉小伙伴们我遇到了真的恐龙。
11. 我还想去看看天坛。
听说那里有回音壁，站在那里说话，声音会传得老远老远。
我要是去了，一定要对着回音壁大喊："我爱北京！"看看声音能传多远。
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明 城 墙 遗 址
清 乾 清 宫
7.明清两代帝王居
明朝： 太惠成仁宣英代 洪建永洪宣正泰 英宪孝武世穆神 天成弘正嘉隆万 后有三宗光熹思 后有三号泰天祯
清朝： 太太世祖圣世高 天天顺治康雍乾 仁宣穆敬德溥仪 嘉道咸同光宣统
8.近代史上革命城
•1911年10月10日，中国爆发了资 产阶级民主革命，第二年二月清 帝被迫宣告退位。至此，中国最 后一个封建王朝溃亡，北京作为 帝都的历史到此结束。 •在此后的30多年里，北京历经苦 难：先是连年不断的军阀战争， 使当年的帝都变得衰微破败； 1937年日本侵略军侵入，古城在 血与火中苦熬了8年；抗日战争胜 利后，国民党政府接管这座城市。
6.元移旧址建大都
元朝灭金以后，元世祖至元三年（1266）决定以金中都城东北的原辽、 金离宫为中心，修筑新城。 元至元九年（1272）将新城命名为大都，定为京师。 至元二十二年（1285），大都城基本竣工，历时18年。
元大都城墙遗址
元大都示意图
7.明清两代帝王居
•明初改元大都为北平，明成祖永乐元年（1403）改北平名北京，为陪 都。 •永乐十九年（1421年），朱棣以北京为首都，正式从南京迁都北京。 •明朝占据元大都之初，即洪武元年（1368），将北城垣南缩五里至今 北京德胜门、安定门一线。明成祖决定迁都北京后，永乐十七年（1419 年）又将南城垣向南拓展二里至今宣武门、正阳门、崇文门一线。 •明世宗嘉靖三十二年（1553年），边警日急，于是增筑北京南部外城， 全城形势遂成“凸”字形。 •明朝灭亡之后，清朝仍建都北京，城市布局无太大变化。
西周初年蓟城示意图
北京琉璃河燕国墓地
3.秦汉隋唐是重镇
•秦时，在原燕地置广阳郡，蓟城（今北京） 为广阳郡治所。 •西汉时期，蓟城先后为广阳郡→燕国→广 阳郡→广阳国→广阳郡等郡与王国的治所 所在。 •东汉时期，蓟城是东汉政权稳定北方的重 镇。汉光武帝刘秀经营河北，主要依靠幽 州郡上谷、渔阳两群突骑，为建立东汉王 朝奠定了基础。
•据《大清会典》记载，皇城的正门是天 安门，位于皇城南垣正中。 •明时称“承天门”，取“承天启运，受 命于天”之意。 •清顺治八年（1651）并易名为天安门， 含“受命于天”和“安邦治民”之意。
华表古称“谤木”。今天安门前的华表仍然 保持了尧时诽谤木的基本形状。 华表不单纯是个装饰品，而是提醒古代帝王 勤政为民的标志。
•1949年春，古都北京和平解放。 •1949年10月1日，中华人民共和 国成立，北京成为新生的共和国 的首都。
开国大典 中 山 公 园
练习
1929年12月2日，在北京房山周口店龙骨山发现的
猿人头盖骨化石，震惊了中外，被命名为
“
”，简称“北京猿人”或“北京
在同一座山的顶部洞穴中，又发现了另一
东汉北京一带郡县图
北京大葆台西汉广阳王墓（黄肠题凑）
燕京八景——蓟门烟树
3.秦汉隋唐是重镇
•自曹魏以下，蓟城或为幽州燕郡治所，或为燕国治所。
•十六国时期，鲜卑人慕容儁还曾一度在此建立前燕（352-357）。
这是北方少数民族政权第一次在北京地区建立的政治中心。
•隋朝废幽州为涿郡。
前燕南进示意图
•唐武德元年（618）复改为 幽州，治所均仍在蓟城。
时期的人类骨骼化石，定名为“ ” 。他们是
比较接近于现代人类的新人。距今约
万年。
1.周口店里有“二人” ——北京猿人、山顶洞人
•1929年12月2日，在北京房山周口店龙骨山发现的猿人头盖骨化石， 震惊了中外，被命名为“中国猿人北京种”，简称“北京猿人”或 “北京人”。北京人属直立人。距今约70-20万年。
•唐代，蓟城改称幽州城。 为中国北方的军事重镇和商 贸中心。也是中原边塞的交 通枢纽。唐太宗李世民东征 朝鲜，即以幽州为基地。
唐幽州城示意图
4.辽朝陪都“南京”城
•辽会同元年（938）后晋高祖石敬瑭遣使将燕云十六州图籍送于辽， 辽太宗耶律德光遂升幽州为南京，建为陪都，又称燕京，蓟城则称南 京城或燕京城。从而揭开了北京都城史的序幕。
辽南京城示意图
辽代天宁寺塔
金
中
都
5.金朝“中都”是中心
水 关
遗
址
金朝灭辽以后，海陵王天德三年（1151）在辽南京城的基础上，扩展 其东、西、南三面，次年竣工。 金贞元元年（1153年），改燕京为中都，迁都于中都城。此乃北京正 式建都之始。
金 中 都 复 原 图
（ 北 京 建 都 纪 念 阙 ）
金 中 都 大 安 殿 遗 址
北京
率真一组
北京的基本情况
北京，中 国的首都， 位于华北平 原北端，东 南与北方经 济中心天津 相连，其余 为河北省所 环绕。
一、历史之旅
1.周口店里有“二人” ——北京猿人、山顶洞人
•1929年12月2日，在北京房山周口店龙骨山发现的猿人头盖骨化石， 震惊了中外，被命名为“中国猿人北京种”，简称“北京猿人”或 “北京人”。北京人属直立人。距今约70-20万年。
•1933年，在同一座山的顶部洞穴中，又发现了另一时期的人类骨 骼化石，定名为“山顶洞人”。他们是比较接近于现代人类的新人。 距今约1.8万年。
周口店遗址博物馆
北京猿人头盖骨发现处
2.周初分封有蓟燕
昔周武王封尧后于蓟，今城内西北隅 有蓟丘，因丘以名邑也。
——北魏·郦道元《水经注》
•公元前11世纪，蓟国是统治中国北方的西周王朝的一个分封国。 •春秋中期，位于蓟国西南面的另一个封国燕，兼并了蓟，并迁都 于蓟城。直到公元前226年燕国被强大的秦国所灭，蓟城一直是燕 的都城。据考古学家考证，当年的蓟城就在现北京城区的西南部。
•1933年，在同一座山的顶部洞穴中，又发现了另一时期的人类骨 骼化石，定名为“山顶洞人”。他们是比较接近于现代人类的新人。 距今约1.8万年。
周口店遗址博物馆
北京猿人头盖骨发现处
二、名胜解读
1.皇城与紫禁城
天 安 门 和 华 表
•明永乐四年（1406）开始营建北京皇城， 在元皇城的基础上略做南移，许多元代的皇 家园林被保留在明代的皇城之内，如元代的 太液池（今北海和中海）、后苑（今景山） 等都成为了明代皇城的组成部分。 •清代沿袭明制，在皇城的基本格局上并未 做大的改变。