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2015年考研英语真题答案及解析

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语一）解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文选自2014年7月15日International Business Times上一篇题为“DNA of Friendship:Study Finds We are Genetically Linked to Our Friends”（DNA友谊：研究发现我们在基因上和我们的朋友有着千丝万缕的联系）的文章。

首段通过一项研究结果引出朋友之间有一定的基因关联；第二段对研究的受试者进行说明；第三段中遗传学家认为朋友之间共享的1%的基因很重要；第四五段指出研究的两项发现；最后研究者发现相似基因发展更快，但人们喜欢与同族人交友还未能做出解释。

二、试题解析1.[A]when何时[B]why为什么[C]how如何[D]what什么【答案】D【考点】从句辨析【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。

根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导表语从句；再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容，不是指研究的时间（when），原因（why）和方式（how），表示具体内容的表语从句用what引导，因此，该题的答案为what。

2.[A]defended保卫，防守[B]concluded推断，下结论[C]withdrawn撤退，收回[D]advised建议，劝告【答案】B【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析【解析】从此题所在句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is_______中的that是指第一句话的内容（朋友与我们基因上的相关性），很显然是研究得出的结论。

因此，答案为concluded。

3.[A]for为了[B]with和[C]on在…之上，关于，对于[D]by方式【答案】C【考点】上下文语义衔接+介词辨析【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容（研究对1932位独特的受试者进行分析）判断出进行分析的对象是1932unique subjects。

2015年英语二(完整版)

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2015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题参考答案
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Thus, volunteers for this camp are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs, including reception, distribution of documents, etc. Candidates must have adequate patience with the adolescents. Besides, the volunteers ought to have outstanding skills at English. Students who have previous experience as volunteers are preferred.
What triggers this phenomenon? It is not difficult to put forward several factors responsible for this phenomenon. To start with, with the ever-growing eagerness to keep up with others, oceans of folks intended to offer thicker and thicker red envelope to kids as gift money, which leads to the high proportion of our expenditure. What’s more, due to the great urbanization, most Chinese residents move from their hometowns to work in big cities. In order to cover the long distance and enjoy the happy together with family members, a large amount of money is spent on transportation.

2015年考研英语二真题及答案详解

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a__1__undergroundIt's a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because there's __2__ to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldn't know it，__3__ into your phone. This universal armor sends the__4__：“Please don't approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide__5__our screens？One answer is fear，according to Jon Wortmann，executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be__6__as“creep，”We fear we'llbe__7__We fear we'll be disruptive Strangers are inherently__8__to us，so we are more likely to feel__9__when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety，we__10__to our phones.“Phones become our security blanket，”Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more__11__.”But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesn't__12__so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable：Start a__13__. They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow__14__. “When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to__15__how they would feel after talking to a stranger，the commuters thought their__16__would be more pleasant if they sat on their own，” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience，after they__17__with the experiment，“not a single person reported having been snubbed.”__18__，these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication，which makes absolute sense，__19__human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that__20__：Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C]signal [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterpreted [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C]In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rare【参考答案】CDCAC ABDBD AABDC DACBB【试题点评】完型填空为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感。

2015年考研英语二真题答案(完整版)

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with—or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 on a subway.It’s a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there’s 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it，3 into your phone. This universal protection sends the 4 : “Please don’t approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as “weird.” We fear we’ll be 7 .We fear we’ll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we 10 to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesn’t 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . “When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” The New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, “not a single person reported having been embarrassed.”18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It’s that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. A. ticket B. permit C.signal D. record2. A. nothing B. little C.another D. much3. A. beaten B. guided C.plugged D. brought4. A. message B. code C.notice D. sign5. A. under B. beyond C. behind D. from6. A. misinterpreted B. misapplied C. misadjusted D. mismatched7. A. fired B. judged C. replaced D. delayed8. A. unreasonable B. ungrateful C. unconventional D. unfamiliar9. A. comfortable B. anxious C. confident D. angry10. A. attend B. point C. take D. turn11. A. dangerous B. mysterious C. violent D. boring12. A. hurt B. resist C. bend D. decay13. A. lecture B. conversation C. debate D. negotiation14. A. trainees B. employees C. researchers D. passengers15. A. reveal B. choose C. predict D. design16. A. voyage B. flight C. walk D. ride17. A. went through B. did away C. caught up D. put up18. A. In turn B. In particular C.In fact D. In consequence19. A. unless B. since C. if D. whereas20. A. funny B. simple C. logical D. rareSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by chosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting co nventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get toleave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure. Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home____.A. was an unrealistic place for relaxationB. generated more stress than the workplaceC. was an ideal place for stress measurementD.offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?A. Working mothers.B. Childless husbands.C. Childless wives.D. Working fathers.23. The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that____.A. they are both bread winners and housewivesB. their home is also a place for kicking backC. there is often much housework left behindD. it is difficult for them to leave their office24. The word “moola” (Line 4, Para 4) most probably means____.A. energyB. skillsC. earningsD. nutrition25. The home front differs from the workplace in that____.A. home is hardly a cozier working environmentB. division of labor at home is seldom clear-cutC. household tasks are generally more motivatingD. family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who do not have a parent with a college degree—lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. “Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’ can improve.”26. Recruiting more first-generation students has____.A. reduced their dropout ratesB. narrowed the achievement gapC. missed its original purposeD. depressed college students27. The authors of the research article are optimistic because____.A. the problem is solvableB. their approach is costlessC. the recruiting rate has increasedD. their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first-generation students____.A. study at private universitiesB. are from single-parent familiesC. are in need of financial supportD. have failed their college29. The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students____.A. are actually indifferent to the achievement gapB. can have a potential influence on other studentsC. may lack opportunities to apply for research projectsD. are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that____.A. universities often reject the culture of the middle-classB. students are usually to blame for their lack of resourcesC. social class greatly helps enrich educational experiencesD. colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals，there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not f orget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win”.These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out，increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, promptin g arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In，whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack，bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the offi ce and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devoteyourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become____.A. more emotionalB. more objectiveC. less strategicD. less energetic32. “team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to____.A. historical incidentsB. gender differenceC. sports cultureD. athletic executives33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to____.A. revive historical termsB. promote company imageC. foster corporate cooperationD. strengthen employee loyalty34. It can be inferred that Lean In____.A. voices for working womenB. appeals to passionate workaholicsC. triggers debates among mommiesD. praises motivated employees35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?A. Managers admire it but avoid it.B. Linguists believe it to be nonsense.C. Companies find it to be fundamental.D. Regular people mock it but accept it.Text 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for Jure, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having avery hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes,” they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?A. The prospect of a thriving job market.B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.C. The possibility of full employment.D. The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they____.A. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobsB. feel that is enough to make ends meetC. cannot get their hands on full-time jobsD. haven’ t seen the weakness of the market38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US____.A. is harder to acquire than one year agoB. shows a general tendency of declineC. satisfies the real need of the joblessD. is lower than before the recession39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, ____.A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insuranceB. employment is no longer a precondition to get insuranceC. it is still challenging to get insurance for family membersD. full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses ____.A. employment in the USB. part-timer classificationC. insurance through MedicaidD. Obamacare’s troublePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A—G for each numbered paragraph (41—45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. You are not aloneB. Don’t fear your responsibility for your lifeC. pave your own unique pathD. Most of your fears are unrealE. Think about the present momentF. Experience helps you growG. There are many things to be grateful forSome Old Truths to Help Y ou Overcome Tough TimesUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I’ve learned along the way.41.____________________________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very r eal. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42. ____________________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes opento see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43. ____________________________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44. ____________________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45. ____________________________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentr ate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Writea notice to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call for volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, your should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comment.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.完型填空题1 .C signal2 .D much3. C plugged4. A message5. C behind6. A misinterpreted7. B judged8. D unfamiliar9. B anxious10. D turn11.A dangerous12. A hurt13.B conversation14. D passengers15.C predict16. D ride17.A went through18.C in fact19.B since20 B simpleSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121、【答案】[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace【解析】事实细节题。

文都网校2015考研英语入

文都网校2015考研英语入学测试卷文都网校2015考研英语入学测试卷满分100分答题时间60分钟学员姓名__________Part IDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Vocabulary（25points）1. Some American colleges are state-supported, others are privately _______ , and still others are supported by religious organizations.A) ensured B) attributed C) authorizedD) endowed2. The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if _______ in any way.A) intervened B) incurred C) provokedD) poked3. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other _______.A) drawbacks B) handicaps C) bruisesD) blunders4. Shoes of this kind are ________ to slip on wet ground.A) feasible B) appropriate C) aptD) fitting5. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.A) prestige B) superiority C) priority D) publicity6. Anthony is a very ________ person and never wastes anything.A) miserly B)thrifty C)economic D) conservative7. The Prime Minister was followed by five or six _______ when he got off the plane.A) laymen B) servants C) directors D) attendants8. He is seriously ill because his girlfriend has just deserted him. Why don’t you try some occupational ________ to remove his mind from distress?A）operation B）therapy C）injection D）medicine9. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding ________ and had a very good time.A) feast B) congratulations C) festival D) recreation10. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight _______ are.A) payments B) charges C) funds D) prices11. The manager gave her his ________ that her complaint would be investigated.A) assurance B) assumption C) sanction D) insurance12. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close________.A) temperament B) contamination C) scrutiny D) symmetry13. We are doing this work in the _________ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.A) context B) contest C) pretext D) texture14. It is ________ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work.A) abrupt B) absurd C) adverse D) addictive15. A human's eyesight is not as ________ as that of an eagle.A) eccentric B) acute C) sensible D) sensitive16. To ________ important dates in history, countries create special holidays.A) commend B) memorize C) propagate D) commemorate17. Depression is often caused by the ________ effects of stress and overwork..A) total B) increased C) terrific D) cumulative18. Many scientists remain ________ about the value of this research program.A) skeptical B) stationary C) spaciousD) specific19. Once you get to know your mistakes, you should __________ them as soon as possible.A) rectify B) reclaim C) refrain D) reckon20. He wouldn't answer the reporters' questions, nor would he __________ for a photograph.A) summon B) highlight C) pose D) marshal21. The club will ________ new members the first week in September.A) enroll B) subscribe C) absorb D) register22. If you don't ________ the children properly, Mr. Chiver, they'll just run riot.A) mobilize B) warrant C) manipulateD) supervise23. Already the class is ________ about who our new teacher will be.A) foreseeing B) speculating C) fabricating D) contemplating24. We should ________ our energy and youth to the development of our country.A) dedicate B) cater C) ascribe D) cling25. Just because I'm ________ to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without showing me any respect.A) redundant B) trivial C) versatile D) subordinateStructure (30 points)26. “Do you want to wait?” “Two weeks ______ too long for me to wait.”A. wasB. isC. areD. were27. Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home now.A. hasB. areC. wasD. is28. The number of articles published on cancer ______ amazing.A. areB. have beenC. isD. be29. Linguistics ______ very difficult to learn.A. is notB. are notC. were notD. wasn't30. Professor Wu, with three lecturers, ______ attending a symposium in Shanghai on energy now.A. isB. areC. wasD. Were31. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A. owns; areB. owns; isC. own; isD. own; are32. He talked a lot about things and persons________they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what33. _____got into the room, _____ the telephone rang.A. He hardly; thenB. Hardly had he; whenC. He had not; thanD. Not had he; when34. Not only ______a promise, but also he kept it.A. did he makeB. he madeC. does he makeD. has he made35. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.A. didn’t realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn’t realizeD. I realized36. This is one of the best films _______.A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked37. The man showed us so heavy a stone________ no man can lift.A. thatB. asC. whichD. and38. I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A. all of whichB. either of whichC. both of thatD. both of which39. I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A. as wasB. which wasC. as wereD. which40. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?A. thatB. /C. whichD. it41. He is good at English, ______we all know.A. thatB. asC. whomD. what42. Much hard ________ he tried，he failed to catch up with the first runner.A. althoughB. asC. whileD. when43. I got in touch with Charles ________ I received his letter.A. when immediatelyB. soonC. immediatelyD. Suddenly44. I have been keeping the portrait ________ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my childhood in Paris.A. sinceB. whereC. asD. If45. Helen listened carefully _____ she might discover exactly what she needed.A. in thatB. so thatC. in caseD. even though46. Guo Degang’s lively shows were _________hot that tickets sold out in minutes.A. veryB. tooC. soD. such47. The old woman always enjoys swimming ________the weather is rough.A. for the sakeB. in caseC. as wellD. even though48. You may take my dictionary________ you don’t keep it too long.A. even beforeB. as long asC. untilD. ever since49. Personality is to man ________ perfume is toa flower.A. so thatB. whatC. thatD. after50. ________ his father is in the firm, he got the job on his own.A. AltogetherB. AlthoughC. In allD. After all51. It wasn’t so much that I disliked her ________ that I just wasn’t interested in the whole business.A. ratherB. so C thanD as52. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process_______ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.A. untilB. butC. unlessD. for53. We won’t give up ________we fail ten times.A. even ifB. untilC. sinceD. whether54. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that55. ________she is no more than 11 years old, her height of 1.82 m is quite remarkable.A. Considering thatB. Because ofC. Thought ofD. ConsidersPart II Reading comprehension （20 points）Directions: There are 2 reading passages in this part. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide the best choice.Passage AIs language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ（Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor）in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the idealtime for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about l, 000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear”. And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity ofthe mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.56. The purpose of Frederick II's experiment was______.[A] to prove that children are born with the ability to speak[B] to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech [C] to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak[D]to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language57. The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that______.[A]they are incapable of learning language rapidly[B]they are exposed to too much language at once[C]their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak[D]their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them58. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that______.[A]he is born with the capacity to speak[B]he has a brain more complex than an animal's[C]he can produce his own sentences[D]he owes his speech ability to good nursing59. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?[A]The faculty of speech is inborn in man.[B]Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.[C]The child’s brain is hi ghly selective.[D]Most children learn their language in definite stages.60. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will______ in future.[A]have a high IQ[B].be less intelligent[C].be insensitive to verbal signals[D].not necessarily be backwardPassage BCommuter trains are often stuffy and crowded, and they frequently fail to run on time. As if that were not bad enough, Tsuyoshi Hondou, a physicist at Tohoku University in Japan, published a paper in 2002 that gave commuters yet another reason to feel uncomfortable. Dr Hondou examined mobile phone usage in enclosed spaces such as railway carriages, buses and lifts, all of which are, in essence, metal boxes. His model predicted that a large number of passengers crowded together, all blathering, sending text messages, or browsing the web on their phones, could produce levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceed international safety standards. That is because the radio waves produced by each phone are reflected off the metal walls of the carriage, bus or lift. Enough radiation escapes to allow the phone to communicate with the network, but the rest bathes the inside of the carriage with bouncing microwaves.This sounds worrying. But maybe it isn’t after all. In a paper published recently in Applied Physics Letters, Jaime Ferrer and Lucas Fernández Seivane from the University of Oviedo in Spain—along with colleagues from the Polytechnic University of Madrid andTelefónica Móviles, a Spanish mobile operator—dispute Dr Hondou’s findings. They conclude that the level of radiation is safe after all.The key addition to the new research is the effect of the passengers themselves. While each phone produces radiation that bounces around the car, the passengers absorb some of it, which has the effect of reducing the overall intensity, just as the presence of an audience changes the acoustics of a concert hall, making it less reverberant. Dr Hondou’s model, in short, was valid only in the case of a single passenger sitting in an empty carriage with an active mobile phone on every seat.While Dr Hondou acknowledged this in his original paper, he did not specifically calculate the effect that leaving out the other passengers would have on the radiation level. As a result, say the authors of the new paper, he significantly overestimated the level of electromagnetic radiation. When one is sitting on a train, Dr Ferrer and his colleagues found, the most important sources of radiation are one’s own phone, and those of one’s immediate neighbors. The radiation from these sources far exceeds that from other phones or from waves bouncing around the carriage. And all thesesources together produce a level of radiation within the bounds defined by the ICNIRP, the international body that regulates such matters.61. According to paragraph 1, the essential common characteristic of train carriages, buses, and lifts is that _______.[A] they are all metal boxes.[B] they are often stuffy and overcrowded.[C] they all allow enough radiation to escape for mobile communications to take place[D] people use their mobile phones in them.62. How could “levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceed international safety standards” be produced for Dr. Houdou? [A] Mobile phones give off a lot of electromagnetic radiation.[B] Train carriages, buses, and lifts are not safe places to use mobile phones.[C] A lot of people could use their mobile phones in a confined space at the same time.[D] Blathering produces radio waves which bounce around the interior of these places.63. Why do the Spanish researchers dispute Dr. Hondou’s theory?[A] Because they are funded by a mobile phone operator.[B] Because people absorb electromagnetic radiation.[C] Because electromagnetic radiation isn’t dangerous at all.[D] Because Dr. Hondou assumed that every single person was using their mobile phone at exactly the same time.64. Dr. Hondou’s research was not thorough enough because _______.[A] he didn’t have enough time to assess everything before his paper was published. [B] he didn’t admit th at the people in train carriages, buses, and lifts could influence the level of electromagnetic radiation.[C] he didn’t investigate the effect of people on electromagnetic radiation levels.[D] Japan is a crowded country where people often use mobile phones, so he only looked at that specific situation.65. According to the Spanish researchers, which of the following statements is true?[A] The closer you are to a mobile phone, the greater your exposure to electromagnetic radiation.[B] The closer you are to a mobile phone that is being used to send and receive signals, the greater your exposure to electromagnetic radiation.[C] The amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected by metal is almost too small to be measured.[D] You shouldn’t stand close to pe ople who are using their mobile phones in train carriages, buses, and lifts.Part III Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese. (25分)Getting a proper amount of rest is absolutely essential for building your energy resources. If you frequently work far into the night or have a poor sleep, it stands to reason that you may start to feel a little run down. Though everybody isdifferent, most people need at least seven to eight hours of sleep per night in order to function at their best.If you have been lacking energy, try going to bed earlier at night. If you can wake up feeling well-rested, it will be an indication that you are starting to get an appropriate amount of sleep at night. If you sleep more than eight hours every night but still don't feel energetic, you may actually be getting too much sleep.Once in a while, you are bound to have nights where you don't get an adequate amount of sleep. When your schedule permits you can also consider taking a short sleep during the day, for sometimes taking a nap is the perfect way to recharge your batteries.。

2015年全国硕士研究生招生测验英语(一)试题(完整版)及参考答案

2015年全国硕士研究生招生测验英语(一)试题(完整版)及参考答案————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] onANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as related as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 astudy published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends andunrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. AsJames Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, Most people do not even 7 their fourthcousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Whythis similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 Perhaps, as the team suggests, it draws us tosimilar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us inchoosing genetically similar friends 13 than nal kinship of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkablefindings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this couldhelp 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17factor.The findings do not simply corroborate peoples 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say theresearchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data tocheck ancestry of subjects.Section II Reading Comprehension1、What2、Concluded223、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、see23Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)原标题：2015 年考研英语一真题答案（完整版）TEXT 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insistedkings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandalsand the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and standdown. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is onthe wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularlypolarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above mere polities and embodya spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchys continuing popularity as heads of state. Andso, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (notcounting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royalfamilies have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for anon-controversial butrespected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, theirvery history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges andinequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and theincreasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolicheart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesseshave day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party withthe international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the Britishroyals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.24It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled)granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a prettyhierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because theyprovide a service-as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as Englishhistory shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.21. According to the first two graphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A]eased his relationship with his rivals.[B]used to enjoy high public support.[C]was unpopular among European royals.[D]ended his reign in embarrassment.22. Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly[A]to give voters more public figures to look up to.[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.[C]owing to their undoubted and respectable status.[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment.23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to graph 4?[A] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[B] Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D] The nobilitys adherence to their privileges.2524. The British royals have most to fear because Charles[A]takes a tough line on political issues.[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised.[C]takes republicans as his potential allies.[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role.25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B]Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats[D]Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs21.Dended his reign in embarrassment.22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all MonarchiesTEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whetherpolice can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person duringan arrest.26California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the oldassumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard,the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications arediscernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers anddefendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of asmartphone- a vaststorehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects purse .The court has ruled thatpolice dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arresteewithout a warrant. But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone maycontain an arrestees reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recentcorrespondence. The development of cloud computing. meanwhile, has made that exploration so much theeasier.But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimesdemands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosionand accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digitalnecessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of thepassenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] search for suspects mobile phones without a warrant.[B] check suspects phone contents without being authorized.[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one of[A] tolerance.27[B] indifference.[C] disapproval.[D] cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring ones phone content is comble to[A] getting into ones residence.[B] handing ones historical records.[C] scanning ones correspondences.[D] going through ones wallet.29. In graph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.[D] citizens privacy is not effective protected.30.Orin Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)Californias argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.2826. Bcheck suspects phone contents without being authorized.27.Cdisapproval28.A getting into ones residence29. D citizens privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitutionText 3The journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process, editor-in-chief MarciaMcNott announcedtoday. The Follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that Mistakes in data analysisare contributing to the Published research findings.Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,writes McNutt in an editorial.Working with the American Statistical Association, the Journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics boardof reviewing Manut will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the Journals editors, or by its existing Board ofReviewing Editors or by outside peer The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review theseAsked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said,The creation of thestatisticsboardwas motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientificresearch and is part of Sciences overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.Giovanni Parmigiani，a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a mr of the SBoRE group, sayshe expects the board to play primarily on advisory role. He agreed to join because he found the foresight behindthe establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will notonly be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places thatmay want to model their approach after Science.John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is a most welcome stepforwardand long overdue,Most journals are weak in statistical review，and this damages the quality of what theypublish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential thanexpert review,he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal ofthe American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.29Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly commonin published research，according to David Vaux，a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, hewrote in 2012，but journals should also take a tougher line，engaging reviewers who are statistically literate andeditors who can verify the process.Vaux says that Sciences idea to pass some papers to statisticians has somemerit，but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identifythe papers that need scrutinyinthe first place.31. It can be learned from graph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase flagged up (.2)is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Sciences circulation.[D]set an example for other journals3034. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA. adds to researchers worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33. D set an example for other journals34. C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papersText4Two years ago. Rupert Murdochs daughter, spoke at the unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of ourcollapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the mechanismin society should be profit and themarket we the people who create the society we want, not profit.31Driving her point home, she continuedIts increasingly absence of purpose，of a moral language with ingovernment, could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom. This same absence ofmoral purpose was wounding companies, such as International, she thought, making it more likely that it wouldfore had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes-finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, forconspiring to hack phones, and finding the predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge-the widedearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This ishacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of theWorld in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking butthe terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knewof what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how thestories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In todays world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens inthe organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrinehas been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency,flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what waswritten or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. MsBrooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked noquestions, gave no instructions-nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. Accordign to the first two graphs, Elisabeth was upset by(A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.(B) companies financial loss due to immoral practices(C) governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.(D) the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.3237. It can be inferred from graph 3 that(A) Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.(B) more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.(C) Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.(D) phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes that Rebekah Brookss defence(A) revealed a cunning personality.(B) centered on trivial issues.(C) was hardly convincing.(D) was part of a conspiracy.39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows(A) generally distorted values.(B) unfair wealth distribution.(C) a marginalized lifestyle.(D) a rigid moral code.40 Which of the following is suggested in the last graph?(A) The quality of writings is of primary importance.(B) Common humanity is central to news reporting.33(C) Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.(D) Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.36. A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37. Bmore journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38. C was hardly convincing39. A generally distorted values40. C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart BIn the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable onefrom the list A- G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any ofthe blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings forindividual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of Englishgrammar.(41) You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind ofspeech event is involved.Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension toconsist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You inferinformation you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.(42)Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is inquestion is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or true meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy,or some timeless relation of the text to theworld.(43)Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44)34This doesnt, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers fromdifferent historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of thesame words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about textscan play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)Suchdimensions of reading suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit(oftenunacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading. It doesnt then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller,more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other, and actas useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the readingcomponent of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course?Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely todiffer considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class willencourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context.On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well aspossible links between them.[D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or referencemight have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about itsvalidity-inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far lessresponsible.[F] In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily asmouthpieces for the authors own thoughts.[G] Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual andcontextual material:between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a texts formal structures(so35especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude thatwe bring to the text.41.C 42.E 43.G 44.B 45.APart CRead the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translationshould be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-onethe great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerfuland diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny ofan uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with theirvaried ideas,customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups ofEnglishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted totransplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar toAmerica, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintainingold-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at firstscarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in manyways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed theAtlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In themeantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America.These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-totwelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost instorms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew thevessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorderof events, The air at twelve leagues distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden. Thecolonists first glimpseof the new land was a sight of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real36treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber.Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.46）在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

2015考研英语二真题及答案解析(完整版)

文都首发2015考研英语（二）真题及答案（完整版）来源：文都教育Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。

Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET1(10points)In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a1undergroundIt’s a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there’s2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you.But you wouldn’t know it，3into your phone.This universal armor sends the4：“Please don’t approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide5our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be6as“creep,”We fear we’II be7We fear we’II be disruptive Strangers are inherently8to us，so we are more likely to feel9when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety,we 10to our phones.“Phones become our security blanket，“Wortmann says.”They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more11.”But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesn’t 12so bad.In one2011experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:Start a13.They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow14."When Dr.Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to15how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their16would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,"the New York Times summarizes.Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience,after they17with the experiment,"not a single person reported having been snubbed.”18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication,which makes absolute sense,19human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that20:Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1.[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signall[D]record2.[A]nothing[B]link[C]another[D]much3.[A]beaten[B]guided[C]plugged[D]brought4.[A]message[B]cede[C]notice[D]sign5.[A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D]from6.[A]misinterprete[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D]mismatched7.[A]fired[B]judged[C]replaced[D]delayed8.[A]unreasonable[B]ungreatful[C]unconventional[D]unfamiliar9.[A]comfortable[B]anxious[C]confident[D]angry10.[A]attend[B]point[C]take[D]turn11.[A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D]boring12.[A]hurt[B]resis[C]bend[D]decay13.[A]lecture[B]conversation[C]debate[D]negotiation14.[A]trainees[B]employees[C]researchers[D]passengers15.[A]reveal[B]choose[C]predictl[D]design16.[A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D]ride17.[A]went through[B]did away[C]caught up[D]put up18.[A]In turn[B]In particular[C]In fact[D]In consequence19.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]whereas20.[A]funny[B]simple[C]Iogical[D]rare答案：1.signal2.Much3.plugged4.message5.behind6.misinterpreted7.judged8.unfamiliar9.anxious10.turn 11.dangerous12.hurt13.Conversation14.passengers15.predict16.ride17.went through18.in fact19.since20.simpleSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Text1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys.People art actually more stressed at home than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortntlol.Which is it at stress marker.While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,”writes one of the researchers.Sarah Damaske,In fact women say they feel better at work.She notes.“it is men not women.Who report being bappicr at home than at work,”Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without,but more so for nonparents.This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back.For women who stay home,they never get to leave the office.And for women who work outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women,it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front,however,people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor;they need to be talked into it,or if they’re teenagers,threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus,they’re your family.You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the tasks apparently infinite,the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Pa ragraph1，most previous su rveys found that home___________[A]was an un realistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske，who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C]Childless wives[D]Working fathers23The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact thay___________[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”(Line4，Para4)most probably means___________[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____________[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded答案：21.D offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.B childless husbands23.A they are both bread winners and housewives24.C earnings25.B division of labor at home is seldom clear-cutText2For years,studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education,colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them.This has created“a paradox”in that recruiting first-generation students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has“continued to reproduce and widen,rather than close”achievement gap based on social class,according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense.But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour,next-to-no-cost program)can close63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities,and their findins are based on a study involving147students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive rsity．First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1percent)were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for8.6percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degreeTheir thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-gene ration students”struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the‘rules of the game，’and take advantage of college resou rces,”they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students’like them can improve26.Recruiting more first-generation students has[A]reduced their d ropout rates[B]narrowed the achievement gao[C]missed its original pu rpose[D]depressed college students27The author of the research article are optimistic because[A]the problem is solvable[B]their approach is costless[q the recruiting rate has increased[D]their finding appeal to students28The study suggests that most first-gene ration students[A]study at private universities[B]are from single-pa rent families[q are in need of financial support[D]have failed their collage29.The author of the paper believe that first-generation students[A]a re actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B]can have a potential influence on othe r students[C]may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projects[D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30.We mayinfer from the last paragraph that——[A]universities often r~ect the culture of the middle-class[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C]social class g reatly helps en rich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question答案：26.C missed its original purpose27.A the problem is solvable28.C are in need of financial support29.D are inexperienced in handling issues at college30.D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText3Even in traditional offices，“the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was20years ago，"said Ha rva rd Business School professor Nancy Koehn She sta rted spinning off examples.“If you and I pa rachuted back to Fortune500companies in1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission,passion.There were goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，but we didn’t talk about energy；we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabula ry is very“team”-oriented-and not by coincidence.“Let’s not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious；it’s the idea that I’m a coach，and you’re my team，and we’re in this togethec.There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win".These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khu rana points out，increase allegiance to the firm.“You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，”said KhuranaThis new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The“mommy wars”of the1990s a re still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In，whose title has become a buzzword in its own right.Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But if your work is your“passion,”you’II be more likely to devote yourself to it，even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bedBut this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，but manage rs love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb it As Nunberg said，“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.”In a workplace that’sfundamentally indiffe rent to your life and its meaning office speak can help you figu re out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are31.According to Nancy Koehn,office language has become________[A]more e motional[B]more objective[C]less energetic[D]less energetic[E]less strategic32.“team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to________[A]historical incidents[B]gender difference[C]sports culture[D]athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to________[A]revive historical terms[B]promote company image[C]foster corporate cooperation[D]strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In_________[A]voices for working women[B]appeals to passionate workaholics[C]triggers dcbates among mommies[D]praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A]Managers admire it but avoid it[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C]Companies find it to be fundamental[D]Regular people mock it but accept it答案：31.A more emotional32.C sports culture33.D strengthen employee loyalty34.A voices for working women35.C companies find it to be fundamentalText4Many people talked of the288,000new jobs the Labor Department reporled for Jure,along with the drop in the unemployment take to6J percent.at good news.And they were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was targely ovedookcd.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now830,000（4,4percent）above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare,it is worth making an important distinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June,but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by640,000(7.9percent)from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is“yes.”they are classified as working part-time.The survey then asks whether they worked less than35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only elassified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than35hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare becanse one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment.For many people,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However,Obamacare has allowed more than12million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges.These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36.Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?A.The prospect of a thriving job market.B.The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.C.The possibility of full employment.D.The acceleration of job creation.37.Many people work part-time because theyA.prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobsB.feel that is enough to make ends meetC.cannot get their hands on full-time jobsD.haven't seen the weakness of the market38.Involuntary part-time employment in the USA.is harder to acquire than one year agoB.shows a general tendency of declineC.satisfies the real need of the joblessD.is lower than before the recession39.It can be learned that with Obamacare,.A.it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insuranceB.employment is no longer a precondition to get insuranceC.it is still challenging to get insurance for family membersD.full-time employment is still essential for insurance40.The text mainly discusses.A.employment in the USB.part-timer classificationC.insurance through MedicaidD.Obamacare’s trouble答案：36.B the increase of voluntary part-time jobs37.C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs38.B shows a general tendency of decline39.B employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance40.A employment in the USSome Old Truths to Help You Overcorne Toucgh TimesUefortunately,life is not a bed of roses,We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover,we are grieving various kinds of loss:a friendship,a rontantic relatlonshlp of a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time,but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over,we press forward,stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life.Furthermore,these losses make us mature and eventally move as toward future opportunities for growth and happiness.I want to share these old truths I’ve learned along the way.41.Fear is both useful and harmful.This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it.Unfortunately,people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears.My favorite actor will smith once said,“Fear is not real.It is a product of thoughts you create.Do not misunderstand me.Danger is very real.But fear is a choice.”I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42.If you are???by???and43..Sometimes it is casy to feel bad because you are going through tough times.You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44..No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is,you should always remember that you are not alone.Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life,especially your dearest and nearest people,You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor,help and companionship.If you have no friends or relatives.Try to participate in several online communities,full of people who are always willing to share advice and cncouragement.45.Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources.This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your of own life.When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best.You live in your skin, think your own thoughts,have your own values and make your own choices.答案：41.D Most of your fears are unreal42.E Think about the resent moment43.G There are many things to be grateful for44.A you are not alone45.C Pave your own unique pathSectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar.It could be your commute to work,a trip into town or the way home.Whichever it is,you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery.The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect:people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention.When we travel down awell-known route,because we don’t have to concentrate much,time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards,when we come to think back on it,we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it.So we assume it was shorter.参考译文：想想看在一条非常熟悉的路上驾驶的感觉，这可能发生在上班，进城或回家的路上。

2015考研英语真题及答案

2015考研英语真题及答案Introduction:The 2015 Graduate Entrance Examination, also known as the "考研" in China, is a crucial exam for many students seeking to pursue their postgraduate studies. Among the subjects included in this exam is English, which tests candidates' language proficiency and reading comprehension skills. In this article, we will provide an overview of the 2015 English exam paper, along with the answers and explanations for each section.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionIn the Reading Comprehension section of the 2015 exam, candidates were required to read four passages and answer questions based on the information provided. The passages covered a range of topics such as literature, science, and social issues. Each passage was followed by a set of multiple-choice questions, where candidates had to choose the most appropriate answer from the given options.Passage 1:The first passage focused on the importance of sleep and its impact on human health. Questions related to the effects of sleep deprivation, the benefits of regular sleep patterns, and the methods to improve one's sleep quality.Passage 2:The second passage discussed the concept of "emotional intelligence" and its significance in personal and professional success. Candidates weretested on their understanding of the term, its components, and its practical applications in various situations.Passage 3:Passage 3 explored the relationship between language and thought. It examined the influence of language on one's perception of reality and the concept of linguistic relativity. Questions revolved around the hypothesis and examples presented in the passage.Passage 4:The final passage focused on the rise of e-books and their impact on the publishing industry. Candidates were required to comprehend the challenges faced by traditional publishing houses, the advantages of e-books, and the future prospects of this digital medium.Section 2: Cloze TestThe Cloze Test section aimed to assess candidates' vocabulary and grammar skills. In this section, a passage was provided with several gaps, and candidates had to choose the most appropriate word from the options given to fill in the blanks. The passage often revolved around a specific theme or topic, allowing candidates to showcase their understanding of context and language usage.Section 3: Error CorrectionThe Error Correction section tested candidates' ability to identify and correct grammatical mistakes in given sentences. Each sentence contained one or more errors, ranging from verb tense errors to subject-verb agreementproblems. Candidates had to carefully analyze each sentence and mark the part that needed correction.Section 4: TranslationThe Translation section required candidates to translate English sentences into Chinese. This section aimed to evaluate candidates' translation skills and their understanding of both languages. The sentences often included idiomatic expressions or cultural references, challenging candidates to convey the intended meaning accurately.Section 5: WritingIn the Writing section, candidates were given a choice of essay topics and required to write a well-structured and cohesive essay. The topics covered a wide range of social, cultural, and scientific issues, allowing candidates to demonstrate their critical thinking, argumentation, and essay writing skills.Conclusion:In this article, we have provided an overview of the 2015 Graduate Entrance Examination English paper. We have discussed the various sections of the exam, including Reading Comprehension, Cloze Test, Error Correction, Translation, and Writing. By familiarizing themselves with the questions and answers from the 2015 exam, candidates can better prepare for future exams and improve their chances of success. Good luck to all those undertaking the "考研"!。

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文都网校2015考研英语入学测试卷
满分100分答题时间60分钟学员姓名__________
Part I
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Vocabulary（25points）
1. Some American colleges are state-supported, others are privately _______ , and still others are supported by religious organizations.
A) ensured B) attributed C) authorized D) endowed
2. The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if _______ in any way.
A) intervened B) incurred C) provoked D) poked
3. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other _______.
A) drawbacks B) handicaps C) bruises D) blunders
4. Shoes of this kind are ________ to slip on wet ground.
A) feasible B) appropriate C) apt D) fitting
5. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.
A) prestige B) superiority C) priority D) publicity
6. Anthony is a very ________ person and never wastes anything.
A) miserly B)thrifty C)economic D) conservative
7. The Prime Minister was followed by five or six _______ when he got off the plane.
A) laymen B) servants C) directors D) attendants
8. He is seriously ill because his girlfriend has just deserted him. Why don’t you try some occupational ________ to remove his mind from distress?
A）operation B）therapy C）injection D）medicine
9. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding ________ and had a very good time.
A) feast B) congratulations C) festival D) recreation
10. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight _______ are.
A) payments B) charges C) funds D) prices
11. The manager gave her his ________ that her complaint would be investigated.
A) assurance B) assumption C) sanction D) insurance
12. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close________.
A) temperament B) contamination C) scrutiny D) symmetry
13. We are doing this work in the _________ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.
A) context B) contest C) pretext D) texture
14. It is ________ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work.
A) abrupt B) absurd C) adverse D) addictive
15. A human's eyesight is not as ________ as that of an eagle.
A) eccentric B) acute C) sensible D) sensitive
16. To ________ important dates in history, countries create special holidays.
A) commend B) memorize C) propagate D) commemorate
17. Depression is often caused by the ________ effects of stress and overwork..
A) total B) increased C) terrific D) cumulative
18. Many scientists remain ________ about the value of this research program.
A) skeptical B) stationary C) spacious D) specific
19. Once you get to know your mistakes, you should __________ them as soon as possible.
A) rectify B) reclaim C) refrain D) reckon
20. He wouldn't answer the reporters' questions, nor would he __________ for a photograph.
A) summon B) highlight C) pose D) marshal
21. The club will ________ new members the first week in September.
A) enroll B) subscribe C) absorb D) register
22. If you don't ________ the children properly, Mr. Chiver, they'll just run riot.
A) mobilize B) warrant C) manipulate D) supervise
23. Already the class is ________ about who our new teacher will be.
A) foreseeing B) speculating C) fabricating D) contemplating
24. We should ________ our energy and youth to the development of our country.
A) dedicate B) cater C) ascribe D) cling
25. Just because I'm ________ to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without showing me any respect.
A) redundant B) trivial C) versatile D) subordinate
Structure (30 points)
26. “Do you want to wait?” “Two weeks ______ too long for me to wait.”
A. was
B. is
C. are
D. were
27. Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home now.。