初中英语语法-非谓语动词教案

初中英语语法-非谓语动词教案
初中英语语法-非谓语动词教案

初中英语语法-非谓语动词教案

初中英语语法-非谓语动词教案

一非谓语动词种类及句法功能

(一)概述:

在英语中,不作句子谓语,但仍具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Partiiple);过去分词(the Past Partiiple)。

(二)非谓语动词的句法功能

1)逻辑主语

为了强调是谁发出的一个动作,我们往往要有主语明确表现。由于非谓语动词在句中不做谓语,所以强调谁发出的动作就不明显。但它又有动词的某些特征,在这种情况下,就有了其逻辑上的主谓关系。在英语中,非谓语动词的逻辑主语各有其不同的表现方式,也是常考的一个语法项目,尤其是动名词和分词的逻辑主语。现在简要分析一下在不定式、动名词和分词中的逻辑主语。

①不定式的逻辑主语是同过介词f 和fr体现的。这两个介词使用的区别是:当表语是表示主语的性质或特征时(如:gd, nie, ise, generus, flish, lever, sill, rng, stupid, areless, nsiderate, iplite, naught等等),我们

使用f; 其它的使用fr。请看例句:

It is unise f the t turn dn the prpsal 他们拒绝这个建议很不明智。

It is generus f u t sta us fr the night 难为你这么慷慨留我们过夜。

It is a great hnr fr us t attend this rall 我们很荣幸参加这个大会。

It is ver dangerus fr hildren t si in the reservir 孩子们在水库里游泳很危险。

②动名词的逻辑主语是在动名词前用名词或代词表现的。在句首时一般要使用所有格,在句中一般使用其通格。例如:

ar’s grunting ntinuusl anned her husband, and her ther’s staing ith the as the last stra

玛丽的不断唠叨已经使她丈夫很烦,她母亲和他们一块住更使他们的关系雪上加霜。

Xia Li’s being late fr shl upset the teaher

小李的迟到让老师很恼火。

ur sle rr is (u) ur reling n uself t uh

我们唯一的担心是你这个人太相信自己了。

The insisted (Xia ang) Xia ang’s ging ith the tgether

他们坚持要小王和他们一块走。

③分词的逻辑主语有两种:一是悬垂分词的逻辑主语,其二是独立主格结构的逻辑主语。在悬垂结构中,分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,如果两者不能构成逻辑上的一致关系则该句结构是错误的如:Seen fr the spae, the earth l lie a blue ball 从太空看起,地球像个兰色的

这个悬垂结构seen fr the spae = hen the earth is seen, …

Laughing and hatting, the puples left shl fr he 孩子们说说笑笑回家去了。

同上述结构一样,Laughing and hatting = the pupils ere laughing and hatting, …

独立主格结构与悬垂结构不同的是独立结构有自己的主语。这个主语有名词或代词通格表示,放于分词之前,与分词形成逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:

S an rades being absent, the eeting had t be put ff

这么多同志都缺席了,所以会议只得延期。

e all ent he, he reaining behind 我们都回家了,只有他留在后面。eather peritting, e ill g fr an uting next ee 如果天气许可,我们下周去郊游。

The lass (being) ver, the teaher disissed the students 下了,老师把学生打发走了。

The b dne, e all ent he 工作完成之后,我们就都回家去了。

ith the tree grn tall, e get re shade 岁着树的不断长高,树阴也越越浓密了。

Everthing taen int nsideratin, this plan sees t be re feasible

把一切考虑在内,这个计划看起可行。

The red thrughut the night ith the lap lighted 他们挑灯夜战。

第一类是有些动词之后面只能使用动名词做宾语。这些动词有:adit (承认),anledge, appreiate(感激), avid, nsider, nteplate, dela, den, detest, endure, en, exuse, evade, fae, finish, failitate, fan, favr, frgive, an’t help, iagine, inlude, invlve, entin, ind, iss, pstpne, pratise, pardn, resent, resist, require, ris, stand, suggest, understand, be rth, feel lie, an’t stand, thin f, drea f, be fnd f, prevent … (fr), eep … fr, stp …(fr, prtet … fr, set abut, be engaged in, spend … (in), sueed in, be used t, l frard t, bet t, pa attentin t, insist n, feel lie等等。如:

The haven’t finished building the da 他们还没有建好大坝。

e have t prevent the air fr being plluted 我们必须阻止空气被污染。

He is nsidering hanging a b 他正在考虑换个工作。

第二类是既能带动名词又能带不定式作宾语的动词:attept, begin, ease, ntinue, dread, frget, hate, intend, lie, neglet, it, prefer, prpse, reeber, start, tr 具体使用情形请看下述详细解释:

①在begin, start, ntinue, lie, hate, ease等后可以使用两种结构,无有区别。如:

ill u ntinue gardening/t garden after dinner? 饭后你继续干花园的活,好吗?

She lies t be flattered/being flattered 她喜欢别人奉承她。

②need, ant, require, deserve等动词表示“需要,值得”时,有两种结构可以用:一是使用动名词的主动式表被动;二是使用不定式的被动式。

两者没有意义上的区别。如:

The flers ant atering = The flers ant t be atered 花该浇水了。

hair needs utting = hair needs t be ut 我的头发该理了。

His perfrane deserves praising = His perfrane deserves t be praised

他的工作应该受到表扬。

③reeber, frget, regret等后面使用动词不定式表示未发生的动作;而使用动名词时表示已经发生的动作。如:

I regret t infr u that e are unable t ffer u eplent

我很遗憾地通知你我们无法安排你的就业。

I regret being unable t help u 我很遗憾当时未能帮你。

Dn’t frget t pst the letter n ur a t r 别忘了上班的路上把信寄走。

I frget psting the letter u gave e thins rning 我忘了把你今天早上给我的信发走。

④tr后跟动名词表示“试一试”;和动词不定式连用表示“努力,试图”。This freign guest tried riting ith the hinese brush 这位外国客人试着用毛笔写字。

He tried t heat the ld an ut f his ne 他试图骗这老头的钱。

⑤ean, intend后跟动名词表示“意味着”;接不定式表示“打算”。如:Tda, I intend t finish reading this b 今天我打算读完这本书。

hat he said at the eeting eans his ging abrad next ear

他在会上说的意思是他要出国。

⑥prefer后使用动名词还是不定式有这么两种情况:当我们谈论一般

情况时和当我们说在两种活动之间更喜欢哪一种的时候,一般使用动名词;另一种是和不定式连用,一般用引导另一个短语。如:

D u lie siing? ------- es, but I prefer sailing

你喜欢游泳吗?--- 当然。但是我更喜欢驾驶帆船。

an I give a lift? ----N, thans, I uld prefer t al

你顺便坐我的车走好么?---- 不用了,谢谢!我喜欢步行。

I prefer reading t ging shping n eeends 周末我喜欢读点书,不喜欢逛街。

I uld prefer t spend the eeend at he rather than drive/driving all the a t ur ther’s 我觉得与其开车跑那么远到你母亲那里过周末,倒不如在家更好些。

⑦all, advise, frbid, perit等在没有人做宾语的情况下接动名词;如果有人做宾语时则用不定式。如:

Srr, e dn’t all sing in the leture r 对不起,教室不准抽烟。

e dn’t all peple t se here 我们不许人们在这里抽烟。

I uldn’t advise taing the ar --- there’s nhere t par

我不建议开车去,因为没有停车的地方。

I uldn’t advise u t tae the ar 我劝你不要开车去。

第三类是带t的短语。而实际上这个t是介词,如果不加区分,一律把它看作是动词不定式的小品词的话,很容易判断失误。这一类的短语主要有:attribute … t, e … t, devte … t, ntribute … t, be used t, be austed t, l frard t, pa attentin t, bet t, ppse t, in additin t等。如:

I a ling frard t hearing fr her as sn as pssible

我在盼望着尽快收到她的信。

He strngl ppsed t traveling b air 他强烈反对乘飞机。

3)动词不定式和分词用做宾语补足语

动词不定式和分词都可以用做宾语补足语补充说明宾语的动作和状态。其区别在于不定式表示一个完整的动作,而分词则表示一个完整动作的过程。如:

I sae her get n the tratr and drive it aa 我看见她上了拖拉机把它开走了。

I selled sething burning in the ithen 我闻到厨房什么东西有股糊味。

一般而言,能这样用的动词分为两类:第一类动词既可后接不定式又可接现在分词和过去分词:接不定式时表示一个完整的动作;接现在分词时表示宾语是动作的发出者,表示一个完整动作的一个过程;而接过去分词时,宾语则成为动作的承受者。这类动词有:see, hear, ae, let, have, ath, feel, find, ntie, bserve, l at, listen t。如:

I heard sebd sing an English sng in the next r(表示一个完整的动作)I hear sebd singing an English sng in the next r(表示完整动作的一个片段)

I heard an English sng being sung in the next r(表示完整动作的一个片段)

I heard an English sng sung in the next r(表示一个完整的动作)

第二类动词一般表示“致使”,要用分词做补足语:have, set, eep, get,

ath, leave等。

The sight f the inviting eln in suh a ht suer da set e atering

在这么炎热的夏天看到那些诱人的西瓜着实令我口水直流。

u n’t ath e ding that again 我绝不会再做那事了。

His rears left e ndering abut his real purpse

他的一番话禁不住让我疑惑他的真实意图。

The se started her ughing 烟呛得她直咳嗽。

4)动词不定式和分词用作状语

根据对非谓语动词词性的分析,大家知道,动词不定式和分词同时还具有副词的词性特征,因此能在句子中充当状语。

与分词不同的是,动词不定式在句中做状语时,主要表示目的、结果、原因;而分词做状语主要表示时间、原因、条、让步、结果、目的、伴随等。

一般判别二者之间的区别使用是根据不同的标志词确定的,或者说用arer确定它们。例如,动词不定式表示目的的有in rder t, s as t。表示结果的有:s … as t, suh … as t, enugh t, t … t等。请看例句:

He shuted s as t be ntied(目的)

She started earl in rder t avid the rushing rds(目的)

uld u be s ind as t lend e ur bie?(结果)

He is suh a fl as t thin that his idle hat an influene thers(结果)

The b is ld enugh t l after hiself(结果)

His eesight is t pr t read suh sall letter(结果)

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(word完整版)高中语法非谓语动词专项练习

非谓语动词专项练习 1.The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 2._______ by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds. A. Inspired B. Being inspired C. To be inspired D. Inspiring 3.It's no good _______ here. Let's go home. A. to wait B. waited C. waiting D. being waited 4.I listened to the wind, ______ that he would not come tonight. A. thinking B. to think C. thought D. being thinking 5.As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time. A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished 6.I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 7.Tom apologized to me ______ again. A. to be late B. of being late C. to have been late D. for being late 8.I remained _______ long after I had been told the story. A. puzzling B. puzzled C. being puzzled D. to be puzzled 9.Will you lend him a magazine _________? A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. he read 10.The article _________on this subject was written by Mr. Black. A. referring B. referred C. referring to D. referred to 11.Living near the sea, ___________________. A. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight B. healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy C. it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoy D. so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight 12.__________ since the night before, I felt very hungry. A. Having not eaten anything B. Not eating anything C. I hadn't eaten anything D. Not having eaten anything 13.We then listened to the child ________ the article ______ on the blackboard. A. read, writing B. reading, writing C. to read, written D. read, written 14.________ it with me and I'll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 15._________ such a chance, why don't you have a try? A. To give B. Having C. Given D. Giving 16.We discussed the plan that we would like to see ________ the next week. A. carry on B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 17._________ made them much disappointed. A. His not coming back B. Not his coming back C. He not to come back D. Not he come back 18.Five people were reported ________ in the accident. A. to be killed B. to kill C. killed D. to have been killed 19.I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday. A. joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join 20.He tried to calm himself, _______ . A. force B. to force C. forcing D. forced 21.____________ , I went to the park with my uncle. A. As holiday B. Being no classes C. Since have no classes D. It being a holiday 22. "Do you mind _________?" "Go ahead." A. opening the door B. your opening the door C. my opening the door D. I opening the door 23. I have one or two things ____________. A. to look B. to see C. to see to D. to look to 24._________ is bad for his health. A. Mike smoking B. Mike's smoking C. Mike's being smoking D. Mike smokes 25.I came into the classroom, ______ my seat and sat down to read. A. finding B. to find C. found D. founded 26.I am tired and I don't feel like _____ any further. A. to walk B. to be walking C. walking D. walk 27.She did nothing but ________walk in the street. A. taking B. take C. to take D. took 28.It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now. A. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving 29.I ________ my handbag stolen last week. A. had B. let C. lost D. left 30.________ by a crowd of people, I felt nervous, ______ what to say. A. Watching, didn't know B. Having watched, and not knew C. Having been watch, not known D. Being watched, not knowing

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