2019年托福真题：4月23日托福听力题目解析.doc
2019年3月托福真题回忆及解析
2019年3月托福真题回忆及解析【导语】托福考试对于留学生来说是一个非常有好处的考试，可以让大家在没有到目的地之前就对留学生活有了一个大致的了解。
而且高分获得者势必在申请过程中拥有更大的优势。
为了让大家更好的学习托福，无忧考网给大家整理了2019年3月3日、3月6日、3月19日、3月30日、3月31日的托福真题及回忆，希望对大家托福有帮助，欢迎阅读！3月3日托福口语真题回忆Q1 ：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?We should be complete honest and open to our close friends. Explain why.Q2：阅读标题：Ban sleeping in Library 原因1：影响其它学习的学生原因2：campus tour 的学生看到影响不好听力态度：不同意原因1：学生们在couch 上休息，学习的人可以选择chair，虽然不如couch 舒服，但是为了学习也还OK 原因2：男生也参加过campus tour，感觉挺好的。
大家都没觉得看到休息的学生不好，反而觉得学生学累了不回宿舍玩耍，只是小憩一下就接着学，影响很好。
Q3：阅读标题：flipped classroom 定义：不在课上讲课，反而录视频给学生看，课上做练习听力例子：一个朋友，数学老师，以前都是课上讲课，留作业给学生回家做，结果交上来的作业孩子们各种问题、不会做、甚至不做。
后来转变了方法，把想要教的录成视频让孩子们回家去看，第二天上课做练习，她在班里转着指导，这样问题可以及时解决。
Q4：话题：caterpillar 怎么自我保护要点1：physical feature例子1：身上长尖刺，鸟没法吃要点2：其它动物保护例子2 ：可以分泌sweet liquids 吸引ants 。
如果有predators ，ants 就保护它，chase predators。
2019托福听力真题回忆
2019托福听力真题回忆小编给大家整理了2019年托福考试的真题回忆，希望能够帮助到你们！2019托福听力真题回忆托福阅读听力评分标准本文介绍的是托福阅读听力评分标准,主要帮助大家在考完托福考试后，对应下面的表格，自己做对了多少题，就可以算出考试分数了，下面大家看托福阅读听力评分标准的详细内容。
新托福听力一共是6篇文章，34道题，在6篇文章中所有回答正确的题目数量加起来就是你的“total points”。
在一道表格题中，所有的项目都要回答正确，你才算是拿到了point。
在双项选择题中，只有把两个正确答案都选出来才算拿到了point，少选、多选或者误选都不行。
新托福听力评分标准：新托福阅读考试共三篇文章，每篇12-14道题，如果遇到加试时从考试的五篇文章中随机选取三篇计分。
在这三篇文章中所有回答正确的题目数量加起来就是你的“total points”。
除重要观点题和归类题以外，每道题的分值都是1分。
重要观点题的分值可能是2分。
归类题为3或4分。
考试所得分数范围：0-30分。
新托福阅读评分标准：新托福口语评分标准如下：新托福作文评分标准：六分：文章切题，阐说充分，文章有说服力;段落组织有序，衔接紧密，过渡自然，有很强的逻辑性;段落内句与句连接顺畅，句式使用恰当，灵活，娴熟;用词确切，得体。
文章中有个别语法拼写错误，但不影响内容表达。
五分：文章切题，阐说基本充分，在某些细节上有缺陷。
段落层次组织有序，衔接紧密，过渡自然，逻辑性强;句间连接顺畅，句式使用恰当，灵活;用词基本得体。
文章中有少量用词不当和语法拼写错误。
四分：文章切题，阐说尚可，展开不够。
段落层次组织有序，衔接紧密，过渡自然，有逻辑性;句间连接基本顺畅;有部分句法错误;用词一般，有时不得体。
词性区分和拼写等有若干错误。
三分：文章切题，段落组织基本合理，有逻辑性，但只存在于语义层次上，语言表达上未能体现;句子框架结构基本成立，但有许多语法错误，句间联系不顺畅，往往是不善于使用逻辑连词，显得幼稚，生硬。
托福听力测试题及答案
托福听力测试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. What is the main topic of the lecture?A) The history of the Renaissance.B) The impact of the Industrial Revolution.C) The development of modern art.D) The significance of ancient architecture.2. According to the professor, what is the primary reason for the decline in the number of honeybees?A) The use of pesticides in agriculture.B) The loss of natural habitats.C) The spread of diseases among bees.D) The invasion of non-native bee species.3. What does the student suggest as a solution to the problem discussed in the conversation?A) Conducting more research.B) Implementing new regulations.C) Organizing public awareness campaigns.D) Developing new technologies.4. Why does the woman decide to take a different course next semester?A) The course schedule conflicts with her work hours.B) She is not interested in the subject matter.C) The professor has a reputation for being difficult.D) She has already taken a similar course.5. What is the main purpose of the campus tour mentioned in the lecture?A) To introduce new students to the campus facilities.B) To highlight the university's academic achievements.C) To promote the university to potential students.D) To raise funds for campus improvements.二、填空题（每题1分，共5分）6. The speaker mentions that the _______ is a key factor in determining the success of a business.7. In the dialogue, the man suggests that they should _______ before making a decision.8. The professor explains that the _______ theory has been widely accepted in the field of psychology.9. The woman is concerned about the _______ of the new policy on the local community.10. The student is looking for a part-time job that offers_______ and flexible hours.三、简答题（每题2分，共4分）11. Summarize the main points of the lecture on environmental conservation.12. What are the potential benefits of the proposed research project discussed in the conversation?四、论述题（每题3分，共3分）13. Discuss the role of technology in modern education andits implications for the future of learning.答案：1-5: D A C A C6. innovation7. consult with an expert8. cognitive dissonance9. impact10. health insurance11. The lecture covered the importance of biodiversity, the threats to natural habitats, and the need for sustainable practices.12. The research could lead to new treatments for diseases, improve public health, and contribute to scientific knowledge.13. Technology has revolutionized education by providing access to a wealth of information and interactive learning tools. However, it also raises concerns about the potential loss of human interaction and the digital divide.。
托福听力测试题及答案
托福听力测试题及答案
1. 听下面对话，回答以下问题：
对话中提到的会议是在什么时候举行的？
A. 上午9点
B. 下午3点
C. 晚上7点
D. 没有提及具体时间
答案：B
2. 听下面讲座，回答以下问题：
教授在讲座中提到了哪种动物的迁徙行为？
A. 蝴蝶
B. 鲸鱼
C. 企鹅
D. 鸟类
答案：A
3. 听下面对话，回答以下问题：
学生为什么去找教授？
A. 询问作业
B. 寻求建议
C. 讨论成绩
D. 报告问题
答案：B
4. 听下面讲座，回答以下问题：
讲座中提到的艺术家是哪个国家的？
A. 法国
B. 意大利
C. 西班牙
D. 荷兰
答案：D
5. 听下面对话，回答以下问题：
对话中提到的图书馆在哪里？
A. 校园中心
B. 校园东边
C. 校园西边
D. 校园北边
答案：C
6. 听下面讲座，回答以下问题：
讲座中提到的实验结果是什么？
A. 成功
B. 失败
C. 需要进一步研究
D. 无法确定
答案：C
7. 听下面对话，回答以下问题：
对话中提到的天气如何？
A. 晴朗
B. 多云
C. 下雨
D. 雪
答案：C
8. 听下面讲座，回答以下问题：
讲座中提到的新技术对环境有何影响？
A. 正面影响
B. 负面影响
C. 没有影响
D. 影响未知
答案：A
结束语：以上是本次托福听力测试题及答案，希望能够帮助考生更好地准备考试。
托福TPO4套听力真题(文本)
托福TPO4套听力真题（文本）小马过河为大家准备了“托福TPO4套听力真题（文本）”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267。
TPO-4TPO 04 – Listening PartConversationNarratorListen to a conversation between a student and a librarian.LibrarianCan I help you?StudentYeah, Ineed to find a review. It’s for myEnglish class. Wehave to find reviews of theplay we are reading. But theyhave to be from when the play was first performed,so I need to know when that was and I suppose I should startwith newspaper reviews and…LibrarianContemporary reviews.StudentSorry?LibrarianYou want contemporaryreviews. What’s the name of the play?StudentIt’s Happy Strangers. Itwas written in 1962 and we are supposed to writeabou t itsinfluence on American theatre and show why it’s been so important.LibrarianWell, that certainly explains whyyour professor wantsyou to read some ofthose old reviews. The critiquesreally torethe play to pieceswhen it opened.It’s so controve rsial. Nobody had everseen anything like it on the stage.StudentReally? Isthat a big deal?LibrarianOh, sure. Ofcourse thecritiques’reaction made some people kind ofcuriousabout it.Theywanted to see what’s causing all the fuss. In fact,we wer eonvacation in New York. Oh, I had tobe, eh,around 16 or so, and myparentstookme to see it. That would’ve been about 1965.StudentSo that wasthe year premier,great, but eh,newspaper from back then weren’tonline,so, how do I…LibrarianWell, wehave copies ofall the newspapers in the basement, and all the majorpapers publish reference guides to their articlesreviews,etc. You willfindthem in the reference stacksin the back. ButI start with 1964, so I thinktheplay had been running for a little while when I saw it.StudentHow do you like it?I mean just two characterson the stage hanging aroundand basically doing nothing.LibrarianWell, Iwas impressed. Theactors werefamous, and besides it was myfirsttime in a realtheatre.But you are right.It was definitelydifferent from manyplays that we read in high school. Ofcourse, in a small town the assignmentsare prettytraditional.StudentYeah, I’ve only read it but it doesn’t seem like it would be much fun to watch.The st orydoesn’t progress in anysort oflogical matter,doesn’t have realending either,just stops. Honestly,you know,I thought it was kind of slow andboring.LibrarianOh, wellI guess you might think that. Butwhen Isaw it back then it wasanything but boring. Some parts werereally funny,but Iremembercrying too.But I’m not sure just reading it. You know, they’ve done thisplay at least onceon campus. I’m sure thereis a tape of theplay in our video library. You mightwant to borrow it.StudentThat’s a good idea. I’ll have a better idea of what I really thinkof it before I read those reviews.LibrarianI’m sure you willbe surprised that anyone ever found it radical. But you will see whyit is still powerful, dramatically speaking.StudentYeah, it must be something about it,or the professor wouldn’thave assigned it.I’m sure I’ll figure it out.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a biology class. The class is discussing animal behavior.ProfessorOk, the nextkind ofanimal behavior I want to talkabout might be familiar toyou. You mayhave seen, for example, a bird that’s in the middle ofa mating ritual, and suddenly it stops and preens,you know, takesa few momentstostraighten its feathers, and then returns tothe mating ritual. This kind of behavior,this doing something that seems completelyout ofplace, is what wecalla ‘Displacement Activity’. Displacement activitiesare activities that animal’s engaging in when theyhave conflicting drives. Ifwe takeour examplefrom a minute ago, if thebird is afraid ofits mate,it’s conflicted.It wantsto mate but it’s also afraid and wantsto run away. So, instead, it startsgrooming itself.So, the displacement activity,the grooming, the straightening ofits feathers,seems to be an irrelevant behavior.So, what do you think anotherexample ofa displacementactivity might be?KarlHow about an animal that, um, instead of fighting its enemyor running away,itattacksa plant or a bush?ProfessorThat’s reallygood suggestion, Karl. But that’s called ‘redirecting’.The animal isredirecting itsbehavior to another object, in this case, theplant or the bush.But that’s not an irrelevant or inappropriate behavior.The behavior makessense. It’s appropriate under the circumstances.But what doesn’t make senseis the object thebehavior‘s directed towards. Ok, who else? Carol?CarolI thinkI read in another class about an experimentwhere an object that theanimal was afraid of was put nextto its food – nextto the animal’s food. Andthe animal, it wasconflicted between confronting theobject and eating thefood, so instead, it just fellasleep. Like that?ProfessorThat’s exactlywhat I mean. Displacement occursbecause theanimal’s got twoconflicting drives – two competing urges, in thiscase, fear and hunger. Andwhat happens is, theyinhibit each other,theycanceleach other out in a wayand a third seemingly irrelevant behavior surfaces through a processthat wecall‘Disinhibition’. Now in disinhibition, thebasic idea is that two drivesthatseem to inhibit,to hold back, a third drive. Or, well,they’re getting in a wayofeach in a… in a conflict situation and somehow lose control,lose theirinhibiting effecton that third behavior,which means thatthe third drive surfaces, it’s expressed in theanimal’s behavior.Now,these displacementactivities can include feeding, drinking, grooming, even sleeping. These arewhat we call ‘Comfort Behavior’.So whydo you thinkdisplacement activitiesare so often comfort behaviors, such as grooming?KarlMaybe because it’s easy for them to do? I mean,grooming is like one of themost accessible things an animal can do. It’s something theydo all thetime,and theyhave the stimulus right there on the outside oftheir bodies in order to do thegrooming, or if food is right in front of them.Basically, theydon’t have to think verymuch about those behaviors.CarolProfessor,isn’t it possible that animals groom because they’ve got messed upa little from fight ing or mating? I mean if a bird’s feathersget ruffled or an animal’s fur,maybe it’s not so strange for them to stop and tidythemselves upat that point.ProfessorThat’s another possible reason although it doesn’t necessarily explain other behavi ors such as eating, drinking or sleeping. What’s interesting is that studies have been done that suggest thatthe animal’s environment mayplay apart in determining what kind of behavior it displays. For example,there’s abird, the ‘wood thrush’,anyway, when the ‘wood thrush’is in an attack-escapeconflict, that is, it’s caught between the two urges to escape from or to attackan enemy,if it’s sitting on a horizontalbranch, it’ll wipe itsbeak on itsperch.Ifit’s sitting on a verticalbranch, it’ll groom its breast feathers.The immediateenvironment of thebird, its immediate,um, its relationship to its immediateenvironment seemsto play a part in which behavior will display.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a literatureclass.ProfessorAll right,so let me close today’s class with some thoughts to keep in mindwhile you are doing tonight’s assignment. You will be reading one of RalphWaldo Emerson’s best-known essays ‘Self-Reliance’and comparing it with hispoems and other works. Ithink this essay has the potentialto be quitemeaningful for all ofyou as young people who probably wonder about thingslike truth and whereyour lives are going - all sorts ofprofound questions.Knowing something about Emerson’s philosophie s will help you when youread ‘Self-Reliance’.And basically, one ofthe main beliefs that he had wasabout truth. Not that it’s something that wecan be taught,Emerson says it’sfound within ourselves. So this truth,the idea that it’s in each one ofus, is oneof thefirst points that you’ll see Emerson ** in this essay. It’s a bitabstract but he’s very into…ah…into each person believing his or her ownthought, believing in yourself, the thought or conviction that’s truefor you. But actually, he tiesthat in with a sort of ‘universal truth’ – something that everyone knows but doesn’t realizetheyknow. Most of us aren’tin touch with ourselvesin a way,so we just aren’t capable of recognizing profound truth. Ittakesgeniuses, people like, say,Sh akespeare, who’reunique because when theyhave a glimpse at this truth,this universal truth,theypay attention to it and expressit and don’t just dismiss it like most people do.So Emerson is reallyinto each individual believing in and trusting him orherself.You’ll see thathe writesabout, well,first, conformity. Hecriticizes that people of his time for abandoning their own minds and their own wills for thesake of conformity and consistency. Theytryto fit in with the restof the worldeven thou gh it’s at odds with their beliefsand their identities. Therefore,it’sbest to be a non-conformist – to do your own thing, not worrying about whatother people think. That’s an important point. Hereally drives thisargumenthome throughout the essay.When you are reading, I want you to think about that and why thatkind ofthought would be relevant to the readers of his time. Rememberthis is 1838,‘Self-Reliance’was a novel idea at thetime and the United State’s citizenswereless secure about themselvesas individuals and as Americans. Thecountry as a whole was trying to define itself. Emerson wanted to give peoplesomething to reallythink about, help them find theirown wayand what it meantto be who theywere.So that’s something that I thin k is definitely as relevanttoday as it was then, probably, um, especially among young adults likeyourselves, you know,uh, college being a time to sort of reallythink about whoyou are and where you’re going.Now we already said that Emerson really emphasizesnon-conformity, right,asa way to sort of not lose your own self and identityin the world, to have yourown truth and not be afraid to listen to it. Well, he takes thisa stepfurther. Notconforming also means, uh, not conforming with yourself or your past. Whatdoes that mean?Well, if you’ve always been a certain way or done a certainthing, but it’s not working for you anymore,or you’re not content,Emersonsays that it’d be foolish to be consistent evenwith our own past. ‘Focus on t hefuture,’ he says, “That'swhat matters more.Inconsistency is good.”He talksabout a ship’s voyage and this is one of themost famous bits oftheessay - how the best voyage is made up of zigzag lines. Up close, it seemsalittle all over theplace, but from fartheraway, the truepath shows and in theend it justifies all theturns along the way.So, don’t worry if you are not surewhere you’re headed or what your long-term goals are.Staytrue to yourselfand it’ll make sense in the end. I mean,I can at test tothat. BeforeI was aliteratureprofessor, Iwas an accountant.Beforethat,I was a newspaperreporter.My life is taking some prettyinteresting turns and here I am, veryhappy with my experiencesand wherethey’ve brought me. Ifyou relyonyourself and trust your own talents,your own interest, don’t worry,your pathwill make sense in the end.ConversationNarratorListen to a conversation between a student and a professor.ProfessorHey,Jane, you look like you arein a hurry.StudentYeah, things are a little crazy.ProfessorOh yeah? What’s going on?StudentOh, it’s nothing. Well, since it’s your class, I guess it’s OK. It’s, it’s just I am having trouble with mygroup project.ProfessorAh, yes, due next week.What’s your group doing again?StudentIt’s about United StatesSupreme Court Decisions. We are looking at theimpact of recent caseson propertyrights, municipal land use cases, owningdisputes.ProfessorRight,OK. And i t’s not going well?StudentNot really.I’m worried about othertwo people in my group. Theyare just sittingback, not really doing their fair share ofthe work and waiting for an A. It’s kindof stressing me out,because we aregetting close to thedeadline and I feellikeI’m doing everything for this project.ProfessorAh, the good old free writerproblem.StudentFree writer?ProfessorAh, it’s just a term that describes thissituation, when people in the group seekto getthe benefits ofbeing in a group without contributing tothe work. Anyway,what exactly do you mean when you say theyjust sit back? I mean,they’vebeen following theweekly progress repotswith me.StudentYes, but I feellike I’m doing 90% ofthe work. I hateto sound so n egative here,but honestly, theyare taking credit for things theyshouldn’t take credit for. Likelast weekin the library,we decided to split up theresearch into 3 partsandeach of us was supposed to find sources in the library for our parts. I went offto the stackand found some really good materialfor mypart, but when I gotback to our table,theywere just goofing off and talking. So I wentand gotmaterialsfor theirsections as well.ProfessorUm…you know you shouldn’t do that.StudentI know,but I didn’t want to risk the project going down thedrain.ProfessorI know Teresa and Kevin. I had both ofthem on othercourses. So, I’m familiarwith the workand work habits.StudentI know,me too. That’s why this has reallysurprised me.ProfessorDo you…does your group like your topic?StudentWell, Ithink we’d all ratherfocus on casesthat deal with personal liberties,questions about freedom of speech,things like that.But Ichose propertyrights.ProfessorYou chose the topic?StudentYeah, Ithought it would be good for us, all of us to trysomething new.ProfessorUm…maybe that’s part of theproblem. Maybe Teresa and Kevin aren’t thatexcited about the topic? And since you picked it,have you thought…talktothem at all about picking a different topic?StudentBut we’ve got all the sourcesand it’s due next week. We don’t have time to start from scratch.ProfessorOK, I will letyou go ‘cause I know you are so busy. But you might consider talking to your group about your topic choice.StudentI willthink about it. Gotto run, see you in class.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a geology class.ProfessorNow we’ve got a few minutes beforewe leave for today.So I’ll just touch on an inter esting subject that I think makesan important point. We’ve been covering rocks and different types ofrocks for the last severalweeks. Butnext weekwe are going to do something a bit different.And to get started I thought I’d mention something that sho ws how uh…as a geologist, you need toknowabout more than just rocksand the structureof solid matter,moving rocks, you may have heard about them.It’s quite a mystery.Death valley is this desert plane, a dry lake bed inCalifornia surrounded bymountains and on the desertfloor these huge rocks,some ofthem hundreds of pounds. And theymove. Theyleave long trailsbehind them,tracksyou might say as theymove from one point to another.Butnobody has been able to figure out how theyare moving because no one haseverseen it happen.Now there area lot of theories,but all we know for sure is that people aren’t’moving the rocks. Thereare no footprints, no tyretracks and no heavymachinery like a bulldozer…uh, nothing was everbrought in to move theseheavy rocks.So what’s going on? TheoryNO.1 ---Wind? Some researchersthink powerfuluh…windstorms might move the rocks. Most of therocks move in the samedirection as the dominant wind pattern from southwest to northeast.But some,and thisis interesting, move straight west while some zigzag or even move inlarge circles.Um…How can that be?How about wind combined with rain? The ground ofthis desertis made of clay. It’s a desert,so it’s dry.But when thereis theoccasionalrain, the clay gr ound becomesextremelyslippery.It’s hard foranyone tostand on, walk on. Some scientiststheorized that perhaps when theground is slipperythe high winds can then move the rocks. There’s a problemwith this theory.One team ofscientists flooded an area ofthe desert with water,then tryto establish how much wind forcewould be necessary to move therocks. And guess this, you need winds of at least five hundred miles an hour to move just the smallest rocks. And winds that strong have neverbeen recorded. Ever!Not on thisplanet.So Ithink it’s safe to say that that issues has been settled.Hereis another possibility–ice.It’s possible that rain on thedesert floor could turn to thin sheetsof ice when temperaturesdrop at night. So if rocks…uh becomi ngbetter than ice,uh … OK, could a pieceof ice with rocks in it be pushed around by thewind? Butthere’s a problem with thistheory,too. Rockstrapped in ice togetherwould have moved togetherwhen the ice moved. Butthat doesn’talways happen. The rocksseem to take separate routes.Thereare a fewother theories. Maybe the ground vibrates, or maybe theground itself is shifting, tilting. Maybe the rocksare moved bya magnetic force. But sadly all these ideas have been eliminated as possibilities. The re’s just no evidence.I bet you are saying to yourself well, whydon’t scientists just setup video camerasto record what actually happens? Thing is this is a protective wilderness area. So by law that type of research isn’t allowed. Besides, in powerful windstorms, sensitive camera equipment would be destroyed. Sowhycan’t researchers just live therefor a while until theyobserve the rocks’moving? Same reason.So whereare we now? Well, right now we still don’t have any answers. So allthis leads backto mymain point – you need to know about more than justrocks as geologists. The researchersstudying moving rocks, well, theycombine their knowledge of rockswith knowledge of wind, ice and such…umnot successfully, not yet.But you know,theywould even have been able to getstartedwithout uh… earth science understanding – knowledge about wind,storms, you know,meteorology. You need tounderstand physics. So forseveralweeks like Isaid we’ll be addressing geology from a wider prospective.I guess that’s all for today. See you next time.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a United Statesgovernment class.ProfessorOK, last timewe were talking about government support for the arts. Who cansum up some of themain points? Frank?FrankWell, Iguess there wasn’t reallyany, you know, official government support forthe artsuntil thetwentieth century. Butthe first attempt theUnited Statesgovernment made to,you know, to support the artswas the FederalArtProject.ProfessorRight,so what can you say about the project?FrankUm…it was started during the Depression, um…in the 1930s to employout-of-work artists.ProfessorSo wasit successful? Janet?What do you say?JanetYeah, sure,it was successful. I mean, for one thing, the project established a lot of…uh like community art centersand galleriesand places like ruralareas where people hadn’t really had access to thearts.ProfessorRight.FrankYeah. Butdidn’tthe government end up wasting a lot of money for art that wasn’t even verygood?ProfessorUh…some people might say that. Butwasn’t theprimary objective of the FederalArt Project to provide jobs?FrankThat’s true.Imean…it did provide jobs for thousands of unemployed artists. ProfessorRight.But then when the United Statesbecame involved in the Second World War,unemployment was down and it seems that these programs weren’treally necessary any longer.So, moving on, we don't actuallysee any govern…wellany realgovernment involvement in the artsagain until theearly 1960s, when President Kennedyand otherpoliticians started topush for major funding to support and promotethe arts. Itwas felt bya number ofpoliticians that …wellthat the governmenthad a responsibilityt o support the artsas sort of…oh, what can we say?...thethe soul…or spirit of the country. The idea was that therebe a federal subsidy…um…uh…financial assistance to artists and artistic or cultural institutions. And for just those reasons, in 1965, the National Endowment for the Artswas created.So it was through the NEA,the National Endowment for the Arts, um…that the artswould develop, would be promoted throughout the nation. And thenindividual statesthroughout thecountry started to establish their own state arts councils to help support the arts. Therewas kind of uh…culturalexplosion.And bythe mid 1970s, by 1974 I think, all fifty stateshad their own arts agencies, their own state artscouncils that work with the federalgovernmentwith corporations, artists, performers, you name it.FrankDid you just say corporations? How are theyinvolved?ProfessorWell, you see, corporations aren’t always altruistic. Theymight not support the artsunless…well, unless the government made i t attractive for them to do so,by offering corporations tax incentives tosupport the arts, that is, by lettingcorporations pay less in taxesif theywerepatrons ofthe arts. Um, theKennedyCentre in Washington D.C., you mayuh…maybe you’ve been there,or Lincoln Centrein New York. Bothof these werebuilt with substantialfinancial support from corporations. And the Kennedyand Lincoln centresaren’t the only examples. Manyof your cultural establishments in theUnitedStateswill have a plaque somewhere acknowledging the support – themoneytheyreceived from whatevercorporation. Oh, yes, Janet?JanetBut aren’t therea lot ofpeople who don’t think it’s thegovernment’s role tosupport the arts?ProfessorWell, as a matter offact, a lot ofpoliticians who did not believe in governmentsupport for the arts, theywantedto do away with the agencyentirely, for thatveryreason, to get rid of governmentalsupport.But theyonly succeeded intaking away about half the annual budget. And as far as thepublic goes,well…thereare about as many individuals who disagree with the governmentsupport as thereare those who agree.In fact,with artistsin particular, youhave lots of artistswho support and who have benefited from this agency,although it seems that just as many artistssuppose a government agencybeing involved in the arts, for many different reasons, reasons like theydon’twant the government to controlwhat theycreate.In other words, theargumentsboth for and against government funding ofthe artsare as manyand, and as varied as the individual styles ofthe artists who hold them.源于：小马过河相关推荐：2012年11月18日托福写作真题解析2012年11月18日托福口语真题解析2012年11月18日托福阅读真题解析2012年11月18日托福听力真题解析。
托福听力部分历年真题详解2024版
托福听力部分历年真题详解2024版Introduction托福考试中的听力部分是考生们普遍感到较为困惑和挑战的一部分。
为了帮助考生们更好地应对托福听力考试，本篇文章将详细解析2024年的托福听力部分历年真题，并提供一些有效的解题技巧和策略。
Section 1 - Conversation第一节 - 对话In this section, you will listen to a conversation between two people. The conversation may be about everyday topics such as shopping, studying, or planning activities. This part of the test aims to assess your ability to understand and grasp spoken information in different contexts.Sample Question:Question: What is the main purpose of the conversation?Answer: The main purpose of the conversation is to discuss the plan fora group project.解析：这道题目要求考生理解对话的主要目的。
通过仔细倾听和分析对话内容，我们可以确定对话是关于一个小组项目计划的讨论。
因此，正确答案是"The main purpose of the conversation is to discuss theplan for a group project."Section 2 - Lecture第二节 - 讲座In this section, you will listen to a lecture or a speech by a professor. The lecture will cover academic topics and the speaker will often provide examples and explanations to support their main points. This part of the test assesses your ability to comprehend and extract information from lectures.Sample Question:Question: What is the professor's opinion about the new research findings?Answer: The professor's opinion is that the new research findings are promising, but further studies are needed to confirm the results.解析：这道题目要求考生理解教授对新的研究发现的观点。
TPO23听力解析详细版
TPO23 listening 问题解析注：红色标记为解题突破。
（编辑整理by 傻美）Section 1Conversation 11. What is the cause of the student's problem?A．She missed the deadline for submitting her announcement to the university web siteB. She did not include enough information in her announcement.C. The editors of the university web site did not post her announcementD. The university web site will not be available to students for several days.答案：C解析：（08”）定位句：I'm here 'cause... well,there's something I don't understand. I set an announcement for an event. And this morning I checked the events section of the university's website. And nothing, there is no mention of it.听清开头就会发现，有很明显的提示词cause，还停顿了。
原因就是女生在网上发布了一个通知，但是在学校网页上木有这个通知。
C选项正确2. What did the student's group have to promise the author in order to get him to visit the university?A. That he would have a large audience for his readingB. That his books would be advertised on the university web siteC. That the French Department would pay his travel expensesD. That he would also be able to speak at another nearby university答案：A解析：（52”）定位句：We were able to sell him on the idea by promising there’ll be a nice size crowd, I felt confident about that, because I know how enthusiastic our group is.女生说作者能来是因为承诺了他可以去很多人，因为学生们都很有热情。
托福(听力)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)
托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Listening ComprehensionSection One：Listening Comprehension听力原文：Listen to a conversation between a student and his studio art professor.S: Professor Jones, good morning! Could I talk with you for a minute?P: Sure, Marty. What’s up? Is it about the class assignment this week?S: No, no... I’m almost done... really enjoying it.P: I’m glad to hear that.S: So, well, I’ve been talking to some of the other students in our studio art class and we were wondering who to talk to about maybe buying art supplies that are more environmentally safe for the art classes.P: Well, that’d be me. As the chair of the art department, I do have a say in purchasing decisions, but of course all decisions are voted on by the department faculty. You know... we already buy some eco-friendly products, for example, the easels in your painting studio. They’re made of wood from a South American eucalyptus tree. The trees grow really fast and new trees grow from the stumps of trees that have already been harvested. This is a great renewable resource.S: I didn’t know that. That’s fantastic! We are also considering drawing paper and pencils. There are some really cool companies that use recycled paper to make drawing paper and some pencil companies that make greener products out of wood from sustainable forests.P: Well, I can see you’ve done some research. Why don’t you write up a proposal? You can give us a list with the prices of the eco-friendly supplies you’d like the department to consider, and the faculty can compare that to the current cost of supplies at our next meeting.S: Oh, yeah ... I can appreciate that decisions will also be affected by the cost.P: Well, yes...that’s partly true. Of course, we have a budget for supplies and most of that money has been spent for this year, but you know, the university has been allocating additional funds for more eco-friendly practices. It’s part of their new ‘green campus’initiative.S: Yeah, the solar panels were recently installed on the roof of my dorm, and actually I read an article about the initiative in the campus newspaper. There’s a committee... I even heard there’s student representation that help in decision making related to the implementation of the university’s environmentally friendly practices.P: That’s right! The Green Committee and the solar panels you mentioned are just one of the many things they’ve done. So, I don’t know... given the university’s commitment to becoming more environmentally friendly and the fact that the university does receive partial funding from the state government to support this initiative... you never know!S: Ok... urn, when do you want the figures?P: Well, the next meeting of the art department faculty is at the beginning of next month. That gives you about three weeks.S: That should be enough time. We’ll get to work on it right away. Thanks for your help!1．Why does the student go to see the professor?A．To ask whether students can be represented at an upcoming faculty meeting B．To propose changing the kinds of supplies the art department usesC．To discuss an art project inspired by environmental concernsD．To complain about the lack of materials available to art students正确答案：B解析：目的主旨题。
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2019 年托福真题： 4 月 23 日托福听力题目解析2017 年托福真题： 4 月 23 日托福听力题目解析
以下是 4 月 23 日托福听力部分遇到的考试题目：
lecture
1.animal grooming
2.physical ecology
3.静物绘画
4.历飞机场的建造
5.发展心理学小孩心理发展的四个阶段
6.艺术史中国青铜器
7.earth science
8.黄金比例 1.6
9.物理
10.art history
11.English literature
12.urban planning
13.美索不达米亚地区和埃及两种城市化的对比
14.青蛙叫
15.deer management
16. 天文学 the death of star
17.文艺复兴艺术家赞助商客户
conversation
1.女生问一个管理员他们的电影社需要的东西，管理员说他不负责这个，但是能够帮她宣传，然后女生就在说自己的电影社
2.男生去找自己的 anthropology 教授
3.学生要改善自己的住宿环境
4.学生询问作业的选题
5.honey bees
新托福听力题完整版第一套回忆：
Conversation1- 论文 - 选题 -English Literature
学生提到写罗宾汉Robin Hood。
Conversation2- 宿舍 - 改善住宿环境
两个建议：在新造的停车场与宿舍之间种树，改善房屋的保温效果。
Lecture1- 物理学 - 布朗运动 ( 旧题 =2016.10.15)
布朗运动和 random motion 。
科学家希望将布朗运动应用到工业上，但是因为 particle 运动是很难控制的，然后提到了难以控制的原因，而且说这种原因学生们肯定已经知道了，然后说到使用 bacteria 会更好地控制他们向同一个方向运动，而且能够通过控制氧气的浓度来控制 bacteria 运动的速度。
Lecture2- 艺术史 - 中国青铜器【此篇对于中国学生来说送分】
中国青铜器的鼎盛年代( 小黑板：Shang Dynasty Zhou Dynasty) ，特点：帝王和贵族使用，用于religious ritual ，普通人喝水什么的
用陶器，青铜器比同时期希腊的好得多，上面有复杂的雕饰。
Lecture3- 发展心理学 - 皮亚杰 - 儿童心理发展四阶段 ( ≈TPO10L4，提到皮亚杰 )
总分结构，四阶段： 0-2;2-6;6-11;12 以上的儿童发展四个阶段，每
个阶段有不同的发展的特点。
其中 2-6 ：抽象思维，语言 6-11 ：能够理解
物质守恒而更小的孩子不行，最后态度：即使有相当多的批评
意见，但是这个研究依然很经典，大家都参考。
Lecture4- 生物学 - 动物 grooming( 旧题 =2016.8.21)
动物 groom 行为，动物有两种行为，一种是autogrooming,就是
自己给自己舔毛，抓虱子清洁，能够保持卫生 ; 另一种是
allogrooming ，这个就高级多了，是互相顺毛，抓虱子，主要还有一
个作用就是能够安抚人心，保证动物群体的稳定性。
举黑猩猩的例子，原
来有研究认为 groom 给这个社群的首领增加 dominant ，后来就在非洲
做实验，选出三个群体里的 alpha male ，就是的猩猩，个头分别是
large ，medium，和 small 。
据观察， small 的黑猩猩头头，经常会实
行 allogrooming ，因为自己的体积不占优势，而 large 的黑猩猩则很少实
行 allogrooming ，因为它够大够强，根本不需要这种安抚人心的动作。
最
后通过这个实验证明 large 的还是有 dominant 的很多优势，如 mating
等，最后出了态度，证明之前学说是准确的。
新托福听力题完整版第二套内容回忆：
Conversation1- 校园场景 - 俱乐部
女生去学校的接待室要求为他们的俱乐部租一个房间。
并且要
boards 放置 flyers. 接待工作人员告诉她 boards 已经被教授们用了，
需要去对面的楼里面那拿。
然后女生介绍了自己的俱乐部以及告诉他下
周有一个关于艺术家的纪录片，对方表示很有兴趣登记了一些信息。
Conversation2- 学术对话
男生找老师，参加了一个去所以他准备办一个 theatre show, 并且在开场的时候一起找 myth, 和DC的 field trip.但是需要筹钱，之前他看过别人用这种方式筹钱，drama 的学生合作让 drama 的学生写
script并且演出来。
Lecture1- 生物学 - 盆地
本文主要介绍了盆地，包含河流，雨林以及生态系统。
讲述了里
面生物多样性，物种进化等，生物很多但是很多不繁殖。
其中一个例
子是有一种虾 shrimps 它们长的很相似，但是不繁殖。
Lecture2- 考古学 - 驯化动物
本文主要介绍了驯化动物。
文章提到通常情况下驯化动物的骨架
比野生动物小，但是为什么这样不得而知。
在一个美国村落，里面的
山羊基本都是母羊和小羊那是因为人们打猎的时候比较喜欢公的动物
因为体型大，但是家养的话倾向于母性，因为她们能够产奶还能够下崽。
后来又提到另外一个村落里面的动物根据研究可能比之前那个村
落驯化动物还要久。
Lecture3- 艺术史 - 黄金比例
本文主要介绍了艺术设计里面的黄金比例，演讲者说黄金比例在
数学里面出现，但是艺术设计，绘画建筑里面同样很重要。
它采用黄金分割，黄金比例 0.618 ：1 图案里面哪个部分去掉都好看。
最后说黄金分割用在艺术设计里面的宗旨是要高效利用而不是为了好看。
Lecture4- 地球科学 - 氧气
本文先是从当前的环境问题社会问题出发，然后讲很久以前地球
上面没有生物也没有氧气。
后来出来了某种bacteria于是出现了各种各样的生物诸如菌类等。