高中英语句子成分讲义与练习
高考英语复习:句子成分讲解课件(附练习及答案)

三是找准学科增分点 认真研究本省、本市、本校近年来的高考数据,细化到每一个知识点的得
失分情况,找准突破点和增分点,有目的进行专项训练和突破提升。英语的阅 读理解和小作文、语文的古文分析和作文、理科的做题速度、文科的答题思路 等,都要制定详细的训练方案和突破的方法策略,在实践中调整提升,打破制 约瓶颈,找到质量提升的突破口。
8. Ap.(同位语)Appositive
概念:紧跟在名词或代词后,对前面的
名词或代词进行解释或补充说明。即两
个词(词组)在一个句子中具有相同的 语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时。
二者关系紧密时不用逗号隔开;如同位语 对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗号 隔开。同位语并不影响其后面的动词的 单复数形式(由其前面的主语词决定)。
S.
At.
2. Jim handed him the cup.
O.
3. I shall answer your question soon.
V.
Adv.
4 . Her job is to train singers.
At.
P.
5. He took many photos yesterday.
O.
Adv.
例句:
1.Yesterday I met Jane, a
friend of my sister's. 2. He told me that his sister
Jane is a doctor.
3. We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
高中英语解析+练习 句子成分

句子结构一、英语句子按照其用途可分四种:1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!二、英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1.简单句:简单句是指只有一套主、谓结构(或并列主语和并列谓语)并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子。
简单句由五种基本句型构成,如下:1)SVP(主+系+表)2)SV(主+谓)3)SVO(主+谓+宾)4)SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)5)SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)常见的系动词有①be;②keep, remain, stay;③feel, taste, smell, sound, look;④seem, appear;⑤get, come, become, turn, grow, go;⑥prove, turn out等。
This is my English book.The weather is getting windy and rainy.The trouble is that they are short of money.练习:划分句子成分a. He looked unhappy at that time.b. It seemed like a good idea at the time.c. She turned 21 in June.d. I was so pleased to hear from you.(短语),如live, travel, work, lie, arrive, stay, agree, rise, fail, succeed, happen, deal with,take place, 等。
高中英语句子成分及练习

高中英语句子成分及练习在高中英语的学习中,理解句子成分是非常重要的一环。
它就像是搭建英语语言大厦的基石,只有掌握了句子成分,我们才能准确地理解和运用英语。
一、句子成分的概述句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
主语是句子所要说的人或事物,通常是一个名词、代词或相当于名词的短语或从句。
比如,“The book is interesting” (这本书很有趣。
)中,“The book”就是主语。
谓语则是说明主语的动作或状态,一般由动词充当。
像“ He studies hard ”(他学习努力。
)里的“studies”就是谓语。
宾语是动作的对象或承受者。
比如在“ She likes music ”(她喜欢音乐。
)中,“music”就是宾语。
表语是用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态等,通常位于系动词之后。
例如“ He is a teacher ”(他是一位老师。
)中,“a teacher”就是表语。
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分。
“The beautiful girl is my sister ”(那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。
)里,“beautiful”就是定语。
状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。
“He runs fast ”(他跑得很快。
)中的“fast”就是状语。
补语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
“We make him happy ”(我们使他高兴。
)中的“happy”就是补语。
二、主语主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、名词化的形容词、短语或从句等来充当。
名词作主语:“Books are our friends ”(书是我们的朋友。
)代词作主语:“They are playing football ”(他们正在踢足球。
)数词作主语:“Two is not enough ”(两个是不够的。
)动名词作主语:“Swimming is good for health ”(游泳对健康有益。
句子成分和基本的句型结构讲义初高中英语衔接课程

语法精讲:句子成分和基本句子结构知识点1 句子成分句子是表达思想的基本单位,主要句子成分(sentence elements)有主语(S)、谓语(V)、宾语(0)、补语(C)、状语(A)、表语(P)、定语(Attr.)等。
具体如下:1.主语(subject):表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。
如:The students are listening to me carefully. They want to learn English well. Learning English well isn't as hard as you think.学生们在认真听我讲课。
他们想学好英语,学好英语不像你想的那么难。
2.谓语(verb):说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。
如:He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
The students are playing basketball on the playground.学生们正在操场上打篮球。
The film is interesting.这部电影很有趣。
3.宾语(object):指动作所涉及的人或事物。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词或介词之后。
有的动词后面可以接两个宾语,通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object),把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。
如:He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算买本词典。
(动词的宾语)We should learn from him.我们应向他学习。
(介词的宾语)Lend me your book,please.请把你的书借给我。
高中英语句子成分划分练习及答案

高中英语句子成分划分练习及答案篇一:英语划分句子成分句式练习题及答案英语句子成分(一)句子主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:划出主语并说出什么词充当的主语Durin g the 1990s, Am erica n cou ntrymusic hasbee m ore a nd mo re po pular. Weoften spea k Eng lishin cl ass.One-t hirdof th e stu dentsin t his c lassare g irls.To sw im in theriver is a grea t ple asure.Smok ing d oes h arm t o the heal th. T he ri ch sh ouldhelpthe p oor.I t isneces saryto ma stera for eignlangu age.Whenwe ar e goi ng to have an E nglis h tes t has notbeendecid ed. (三)谓语:动词做谓语,谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He pr actic es ru nning ever y mor ning.2、复合谓语:(1)如: You maykeepthe b ook f or tw o wee ks. H e has caug ht abad c old.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
(完整版)高中英语句子成分讲解与练习

句子成分 (Members of a Sentence)什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中,词与词之间有必然的组合关系,依照不同样的关系,能够把句子分为不同样的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的根本成分有七种:主语〔 subject〕、谓语〔 predicate〕、表语〔 predicative〕、宾语〔 object〕、定语〔 attribute〕、状语 (adverbial) 和补语(complement〕。
英语句子的根本结构能够归纳成五种根本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种根本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种根本句型列式以下:一:SV〔主+谓〕二:SVP〔主+系+表〕三:SVO〔主+谓+宾〕四:SVoO〔主+谓+间宾+直宾〕五:SVOC〔主+谓+宾+宾补〕根本句型一:SV〔主+谓〕主语:能够作主语的成分有名词〔如 boy〕,主格代词〔如 you〕,动词不定式,动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词组成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语此后。
不及物动词〔 vi. 〕没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完满的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后边能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S│ V〔不及物动词〕1.The sun │ was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2.The moon │rose.月亮升起了。
3.The universe │remains.宇宙长存。
4.We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5.Who │cares?管它呢?6.What he said │does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。
7.They │talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。
Unit4Naturaldisasters句子成分基本句子结构讲义高中英语人教版
句子成分 & 基本句子结构知识框架知识讲解句子成分My friend,Tom, found his money missing on the way home yesterday.Hewas worried.1. 主语(subject )— S句子的主体,是句子说明的人或事物,通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句担任。
句子成分 补语 状语 定语 主语 谓语 宾语 基本句子结构主语+谓语 主语+谓语+宾语主语+连系动词+表语 主语+谓语+双宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 主语+谓语+状语 主语+谓语+宾语+状语There be 句型 同位语 表语The apple is red.Four and five makes nine.The sick and the old need our help.Running is good for health.2. 谓语(verb)—V表示主语的动作或状态,由动词担任He often reads newspapers.The plane takes off at 8 o’clock.3. 宾语(object)—O表示动作的对象或行为承受者,一般位于及物动词(短语)或介词之后,通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句担任直接宾语:direct object —DO间接宾语:indirect object —IOWhere did you buy that?I wish to call on you.We should help the poor.Do you understand what I mean?4. 表语(predicative)—P位于系动词之后,说明主语的特征、类属、状态或身份,通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词短语或从句担任Please feel free to say what you really think.e to see me tomorrow when I am at work.She is singing.Dancing is her favorite activity.5. 宾语补足语(object plement)—C位于宾语之后,对宾语进行补充说明的成分,通常由形容词、分词(短语)、不定式(短语)、名词、介词(短语)或副词担任I found the book very interesting.Do you hear Tom singing?Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.注意:主动语态变被动语态后,宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语Someone considered him to have stolen the money.He was considered to have stolen the money by someone.6. 定语(attributive)修饰或限定名词或代词的成分,通常由形容词、代词、数词、名词(所有格)、动名词(短语)、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)或从句担任Open your mouth and put on your tongue.It’s a fine day today.Put the child in the sleeping bag.Let’s try another way to do this.7. 状语(Adverbial)—A用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子,可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、程度、条件、方式、让步等。
高中语法句子成分练习题及讲解
高中语法句子成分练习题及讲解### 高中语法句子成分练习题及讲解#### 练习题一:主谓一致1. 题目:阅读下列句子,找出主语和谓语,并判断是否一致。
- 例句:The team is working on the project.- 答案:主语是 "The team",谓语是 "is working",一致。
2. 题目:完成下列句子,确保主谓一致。
- 例句:All of the homework __ done by the students.- 答案:All of the homework is done by the students.#### 练习题二:定语从句1. 题目:将下列句子改写为含有定语从句的形式。
- 例句:The book is interesting. I read it last night. - 答案:The book that I read last night is interesting.2. 题目:选择正确的关系代词填空。
- 例句:I have a friend __ I can trust.- 答案:I have a friend whom I can trust.#### 练习题三:状语从句1. 题目:将下列句子改写为含有时间状语从句的形式。
- 例句:When the bell rang, the students left the classroom.- 答案:The students left the classroom when the bell rang.2. 题目:选择正确的连词填空。
- 例句:She will call you __ she arrives.- 答案:She will call you as soon as she arrives.#### 练习题四:名词性从句1. 题目:将下列句子改写为含有宾语从句的形式。
高中英语语法专题一: 英语语法框架 句子成分讲解和练习(word版 含答案)
Part 1:英语语法框架一·词法:词法研究的对象是各种词的形式及其用法。
英语词类的形式变化有:名词和代词的数,格和性的形式变化;动词的人称、时态、语态、语气等形式变化;以及形容词和副词比较等级的形式变化。
种类:1 名词:是人和事物的名称,如pen(钢笔);English(英语),life(生活)。
2 代词:是用来代替名词的词,如we(我们),his(他的),all(全部)。
3 副词: 是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词,如quickly(快),often(经常),very(很)。
4 数词:是表示“多少”和“第几”的词,如four(四),eighteen(十八),first(第一)5 形容词:用来修饰名词,如great(伟大的),honest(诚实的),difficult(困难的)。
6 动词: 表示动作和状态,如write(写),walk(行走),think(想)。
7 连词: 是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词,如and(和),because(因为),if(假如)8 冠词: 说明名词所指的人或物的词,如a,an(一个),the(这,那)。
9 介词: 表示名词(或代词)与句子里其它词的关系,如from(从),in(在…内),between(在…之间)。
10 感叹词: 表示感情,如oh(噢),aha(啊哈),hush(嘘)。
[注一]属于前六类(名、代、副、数、形、动等词)的词都有实义,叫做实词。
属于后四类(连、冠、介、感等词)的词没有实义,叫做虚词。
[注二]不少词可以属于几个词类,如work(工作;动词和名词),fast(快,形容词和副词),since(自从;连词和介词)等。
构词法定义:构词法是研究怎样造词的学问。
掌握构词法有助于记忆单词,扩大词汇量。
英语单词看似海量,其实真正“原生态”的数量有限,而大量的都是通过构词法造出来的。
如:Foot (足) + ball (球) ------football 足球Sea (海) + food ( 食品) -----seafood 海鲜食品种类:英语最基本的构词法有三种:派生,合成和转化。
高中英语语法-句子成分讲解课件
五大基本句型 主谓 主系表 主谓宾 主谓宾宾补 主谓间宾直宾
2.2 谓语
定义:主语的动作或主语所具的特征和状态, 一般在主语之后。
2.2 谓语
I can swim.
She has finished the homework 分类 简单谓语:由一个动词I 或do动n’词t 短lik语e a构pp成les.
He likes reading.
复合谓语: 情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形
the parade.
形容词
He followed the order to walk along the street. 动词不定式
2 总结:句子成分
句子成分
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
表语
定语 状语
同位语
3.句子分类
My brother and I like apples.(并列主语) I like apples and dislike bananas.(并列谓语)
形容词 现在分词 过去分词
动词不定式 介词短语 副词 名词
2.5表语
定义:又叫主语补足语。 用于说明主语的身份、特征或状态。 一般位于系动词之后。
2.5表语
作表语的成分 I am a student It's hers. Time is precious. The war was over. Five plus two is seven. They seem to know the truth My hobby is reading.
介词短语
I waited to see you.
动词不定式
His parents died,leaving him an orphan. 分词 He was late because he got up late. 从句
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-------主语是句子的主体,是一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。
主语一般是由名词,代词或数词充当。
2. 谓语( predicate ) ------ 谓语通常由动词充当,位于主语之后。
3. 宾语( object ) ------ 宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象,或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。
宾语一般由名词或代词充当。
4. 定语( attributive ) ------ 定语对名词或代词加以修饰或限定。
定语通常由形容词担任,也可以由名词,副词词组,介词词组,非谓语形式和从句充当。
5. 状语( adverbial ) ------ 状语主要用以修饰动词,形容词和副词,一般由副词充当。
介词词组,非谓语形式和从句也可以充当状语。
6. 补语( complement ) ------ 补语补充说明主语或宾语的身份和特征,分为主语补足语(subject complement)和宾语补足语( object complement)。
主语补足语位于连系动词后,也称为表语,一般由名词或形容词担任。
7. 同位语( Appositive) --- 解释说明句中名词具体内容,与其具有同等意义的成分。
III.句子的基本类型句子结构与成分详解I.简单句1. 简单句的分类英语的简单句分为5种基本句型,句子再长,句子中的这些主要成分还是这5类。
(1) 主语+谓语:I waited and waited. She came.(2) 主语+谓语+宾语:I ate three hamburgers.(3)主语+谓语(系动词)+表语:My name is David. I am a teacher. I feel happy today.(4) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补:(当主谓宾结构无法将句子表达完整时,需要宾语补足语)Everyone calls me David. (名词作宾补)We found the hall full. (形容词做宾补)I saw him running in the street yesterday. (-ing分词结构作宾补)I saw him knocked down by a car yesterday. (-ed分词结构作宾补)(5) 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语My teacher gave mea book yesterday.2.定语:形容词,-ing动名词/分词,-ed分词以及从句都可以做定语。
(1) high mountain, deep sea, blue sky (形容词作定语)*另外,形容词作定语有时放在被修饰的后面,例如(2)。
(2) something new一些新事物(修饰something, anything等不定代词,定语必须后置)people present到场的人(present表示“出席的、到场的”时候,只能后置修饰名词) (3) The speaker at the platform is our teacher. (介词短语作定语)(3) I don’t know the man standing there.(-ing分词结构作定语)(4) I love the picturestaken in Shanghai. (-ed分词结构作定语)(5) A man who hasn’t been to the Great Wallis not a hero. (定语从句)3. 状语:表示状态的词,词组,-ing分词,-ed分词或从句。
(1) Nowadays many people fancy Apple products. (副词作状语)(2) He is running very faston the playground. (副词和介词短语作状语)(3) Hearing the news, the whole class was wild with joy. (-ing分词结构作状语)(4) Seated between his parents, the naughty boy became very quiet.(-ed分词结构作状语)(5) When I was young, I used to play tennis every weekend. (状语从句)II. 复合句:复合句分为并列复合句和从属复合句1. 并列复合句由并列连词连接:and、or、but等等。
2. 从属复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
(1) 定语从句:从句在句中用作定语。
(2) 状语从句:从句在句中用作状语。
(3) 名词性从句:从句在句中充当名词词组,用作句中的主语,宾语,表语等成分。
Practice:I. Choose the one which indicates a subject1. To have our hair cut before the Spring Festival is a traditionalcustomin China.A B C D2. Retiring from the job for a long timemakes my fatherhave a sense of loss.A B C D3. If it rains tomorrow, the matchwill be put off.A B C D4. That he didn’t know how to log in that website made himlaughed at by his classmates.A B C D5. Believe it or not, it seemed to bea coincidencethat we chose the same subject in our essays.A B C DII. Choose the one which indicates an object1. How manybooks and dictionaries do you have in your bookcase?A B C D2. We should avoideating high-fat food in order not to damage our health.A B C D3. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane is taking off.A B C D4. In my opinion, I consider it unnecessaryto put too much emphasis on the English grammar.A B C D5. Those peoplewho are actually tourists from Japan were told that their flight would be delayedA B C DIII. Choose the one which indicates a predicative1. Using body language properly in greetings will make people feel welcome.ABCD2. It becomes a common sense that laws can’t always protect victims.A B C D3. It is said that the dormitory rooms on the fifth floor are ours.A B C D4. They told me that the truth was that I didn’t pass the interview.A B C D5. After he failed the exam, he turned to have no confidence in study.A B C DIV. Choose the one which indicates an attributive1. He made a speech to express his ideas to the people presentin the regular meeting.A B C D2. Talking in Englishas possible as you canis considered the best way to learn English well.A B C D3. She feelsthat there is an unfair treatmenttoward female employees who work for the company.A B C D4. It is very hard for a person lacking courage to open a new wayin his career.A B C D5. He is so proud that he has gota bottle of French wine produced in 1972in his collection.A B C DV. Choose the one which indicates an adverbial1. That African country is known to win its independencein 1970.A B C D2. The global temperature is rising by 1% every year as a result of the greenhouse effect.A B C D3. Our headmaster has never been late in attending meetings.A B C D4. Many of his teachers have remarked that the way he talks and behaves seems reallystrange.A B C D5. We have decided to believe in you without hesitationwhatever they say about you.A B C DVI. Choose the one which indicates an objective complement1. The bank was foundrobbedby a group of armed menearly in the morning.A B C D2. It is not easy to make one who has been mentally hurtbelieve in someone else.A B C D3. The witness claimed that he saw the suspectclimbing up into the windowat that time.A B C DVII. Choose the one which indicates an appositive1. Japan, the most developed country in Asia, is known to the worldfor its comics and animations.A B C D2. Expertspredicted that the case that the famous politician was murdered would bring a storm.A B C D。