英语合成词的构成
英语合成词的构成
合成词
英语中很多单词是通过合成的方式构成的，他们叫做合成词,常见合成词有合成名词、合成动词、合成形容词等几种类型。
1.合成名词
名词＋名词: football足球
名词＋动词: snowfall 下雪
名词＋动词-ing : horse-riding骑马
名词＋介词＋名词: daughter-in-law儿媳
动词-ing＋名词: waiting-room候车室
形容词＋名词: greenhouse温室
副词＋名词: income收入
介词＋名词: afternoon下午
过去分词+副词: grown-up成年人
2.合成动词
名词＋动词: water-cool用水冷却
形容词＋动词: quick-charge快速充电
副词＋动词: outact行动上胜过
3.合成形容词
名词＋形容词: world-famous世界文明的
名词＋动词-ing : peace-loving热爱和平的
名词＋过去分词: heart-broken伤心的
动词＋副词: takeaway外卖的
形容词＋名词: long-distance长途的
形容词＋形容词: dark-blue深蓝色的
形容词＋过去分词: new-born新出生的
副词＋形容词: color-blind色盲的
副词＋动词-ing : hard-working勤劳的
副词＋过去分词: well-known著名的
数词＋名词: first-class头等的
数词＋名词＋形容词: ten-year-old十岁大的数词＋名词＋ed : three-cornered三角的
介词＋名词: indoor 室内的。
英语词语构成
英语词语构成英语构词法英语构词方法主要有三种：即合成法、派生法和转化法。
1、合成法将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起而构成的新词，叫做合成词。
（1）合成形容词①名词+现在分词例：English-speaking 讲英语的，south-facing 朝南的②名词+过去分词例：man-made 人造的，water-covered 被水覆盖的③名词+形容词例：snow-white 雪白的，day-long 整天的④形容词+名词+-ed 例：warm-hearted 热情的，kind-hearted 好心肠的⑤形容词/副词+现在分词例：good-looking 好看的funny-looking 滑稽的⑥副词+过去分词例：well-known 出名的,deep-set(眼睛）深陷的⑦副词/形容词+名词例：right-hand 右手的，full-time 专职的⑧数词+名词例：100-meter 100米的，million-pound 百万英镑的⑨数词+名词+形容词例：180-foot-high 180英寸高的，10-year-old 10岁的⑩数词+名词+-ed 例：four-footed/legged 四脚的，one-eyed 独眼龙的（2）合成名词①名词+名词例：weekend 周末，classroom 教室，bookshop 书店②形容词/介词+名词例：gentleman 绅士，loudspeaker 扬声器③动词+名词例：typewriter 打字机，cookbook 烹调书④名词+动词例：daybreak 破晓，toothpick 牙签⑤动词-ing形式+名词例：reading-room 阅览室，sleeping-car 卧车车厢⑥副词+动词例：outbreak 爆发，downpour 倾盆大雨⑦名词+动名词例：handwriting 笔迹，sun-bathing 日光浴⑧名词+in/to0+名词例：mother-in-law 岳母，brother-in-law 姐夫（3）合成动词①副词+动词例：overthrow 推翻，understand 理解②形容词+动词例：broadcast 广播，whitewash 粉刷③名词+动词例：typewrite 打字，sleepwalk 梦游（4）合成副词①介词+名词例：underfoot 脚下，beforehand 事先②形容词+名词例：hotfoot 匆忙地，someday 有朝一日③形容词+副词例：anywhere 任何地方，outwards 向外（5）合成介词：within在……之内，without没有，inside在……里边，into 进入（6）合成代词：myself我自己，ourselves我们自己，anyone任何人，nobody 没有人nothing没东西，somebody有人。
[精]英语单词构成方法：合成、转化和派生-详解
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英语单词构成方法：合成、转化和派生-详解在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。
一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符“”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。
常见的合成词由以下几种方式合成：1．合成名词policeman，readingroom，blackboard，playground，editorinchief (总编辑)2．合成形容词easygoing，blueeyed，newlybuilt ，lefthanded，broadleaved，facetoface ，twoyearold3．合成动词babysit ，frogmarch，overburden，whitewash4．合成副词hereby，wherever，anyhow，meantime，forever5．合成代词himself，ourselves，nothing6．合成介词outside，without，into二、转化一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。
单词转化后的意义往往与转化前的意义有密切联系。
1．名词和动词之间的转化reason(n.)→reason(v.)He reasoned that if we started at dawn，we would be there by noon. 他推断我们要是黎明出发，中午就能到那儿。
2．形容词(或副词)转化为名词(或动词)well(adj.&adv.)→well(n.)→well(v.)The villagers get their water from a well.该村村民吃井水。
Tears welled up in her eyes.她热泪盈眶。
3．名词转化为形容词或副词downtown市中心，城镇商业中心(n.)→位于闹市区的(adj.)→向(在)城镇商业中心区(adv.)4．形容词转化为副词hard adj.坚硬的，困难的→adv.努力地How hard the students study！这些学生学习多么刻苦呀！5．其他词类转化为名词Medicine is a must for the flooded area.药物是洪水灾区的必需品。
高中英语合成词
合成词也称复合词，顾名思义，就是由两个或两个以上的词合在一起构成的词，可分别用做形容词或副词。
合成词从表面结构上看不拘一格，种类繁多，无论记忆还是使用都十分困难，那么我们除了简单记忆这些词是由哪些词构成之外，还有没有举一反三的规律可循呢？下面我们将一一道来。
I. 复合形容词(COMPOUND ADJECTIVES)1. 含有分词的复合形容词复合形容词中的现在分词与过去分词均源于定语从句中的谓语动词。
例如：●Australia is a country which speaks English. （country 由定语从句修饰）澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家。
Australia is a country speaking English. （country 由现在分词短语修饰）Australia is an English-speaking country. （country 由复合形容词修饰）以上三个句子中，我们分别用了三种不同的方法修饰country，三种不同的修饰语与country的逻辑关系都是country speaks English，因为country是动作speak的发出者，按照修饰动作发出者用现在分词的原则，合成词应该使用English-speaking。
然而短语spoken English （英语口语）是不同的，这个短语中被修饰词English是动作speak的承受者，因此，用过去分词spoken, 以上两种不同的逻辑关系必须分清。
我们再来看几个例子：●earthshaking changes = changes which shake the earth翻天覆地的变化（changes 是动作shake的发出者）UN peacekeeping forces=forces which keep peace联合国维和部队（forces 是动作keep的发出者）record-breaking destroy=destroy which breaks record 破记录的毁坏peace-loving people= people who love peace爱好和平的epoch-making decision=decision which makes epoch开新纪元的/划时代的决策fine-sounding words=words which sound fine 甜言蜜语soft-feeling materials=materials which feel soft 手感柔软的面料good-looking gentleman=gentleman who looks good 仪表堂堂的男士hard-working students=students who study hard刻苦读书的学生far-reaching influence=influence which reaches far广泛深远的影响easygoing person=person who goes easy 随和容易相处的人well-being children=children who are well 健康的孩子state-owned enterprises=enterprises which are owned by state国有企业hand-made goods=goods which were made by hand 手工制品heart-felt thanks=thanks which are felt by heart 衷心的感谢fast-developing industry=industry which develops fast 高速发展的产业highly-developed countries=countries have developed highly 高度发达的国家newly-arrived visitors=visitors who have arrived newly 刚刚抵达的参观者well-known university=university which is known very well著名的大学ready-made clothes=clothes which are made and ready to be used做好的, 现成的衣服self-employed person=person who is employed by oneself非受雇于人的，从事个体职业的人snow-covered fields=feilds which are covered by snow白雪覆盖的田野newly-built airport=airport which is built newly新建的飞机场从以上例子可以看出，要了解和掌握含有分词的复合形容词，首先必须了解正确使用及物动词的现在分词和过去分词的关键：①准确了解及物动词的分词与所修饰的名词关系，修饰动作发出者用现在分词表示主动，修饰动作承受者用过去分词表示被动。
高二英语-合成词的构成和使用
派生法（derivation ）复合法（compounding ）--合成词转化法（conversion ）逆成法 缩略法首字母拼音法拟声法合成词的构成和使用一、合成词的概念和意义★ 构词法★ 概念： 英语构词法中合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新词的构词方法。
有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词，有的在词与词之间用连字符“-”构成一个新单词，有的则是以词组的方式构成新词。
通常把这个新词叫做合成词。
二、合成词的构成★ 理解合成词的角度：1）从词性角度认识其不同构成方式 2）常见书写形式 3）理解词义的方法 4）特殊之处★合成词1. 合成名词（1）名词+名词词义理解：____________________________________________________________________Exercise: Exercise: homeland_________ tea-table_________ mother tongue________（2）形容词+名词词义理解：____________________________________________________________________1.合成名词2.合成形容词3.合成动词4.合成副词5.合成介词6.合成代词Exercise: freshman____________ musical instrument__________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: weightlifting_______ zebra crossing_________（4）动词-ing+名词词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: 游泳池________________ 驾驶执照_________________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: daybreak________ heartbeat_______ typewriter_________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________Exercise: get-together_____________ outlet______________upgrade _________________ put-off_____________合成名词Tip: 合成名词变复数的规律合成名词综合练习: Translate the underlined words into Chinese.1. There has been an uptrend in tourism over the last few decades, especially in Europe. ___________2. Just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past decades has gone on reducing risks in advance.________________3. Many of the problems were caused by a breakdown in communications_______________4. The play was really boring. It was as if the actors were moving in slow motion the whole time!__________________5. There has been a break-out from the local prison.________________6. TV companies always welcome feedback from viewers.____________2.合成形容词（1）名词+形容词词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: care-free_____________ nation-wide______________（2）形容词+形容词词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: bitter-sweet_____________ wide-awake______________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: mouth-watering_____________ world-shaking______________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: 令人心碎的______________ w eather-beaten_____________（5）形容词+动词-ing词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: long-suffering______________ smooth-running_____________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: long-lost ______________ full-blown________________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: absent-minded ______________ 热心的______________（8）副词+动词-ing词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: fast-moving__________________ 深远的_________________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: 新建的_____________________ 著名的________________合成形容词综合练习: Translate the underlined words into Chinese.1. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them. __________________2. With so many years of experience, the festival has become a well-oiled machine. ___________3. Pet-keeping has a very long history. In other words, it’s a time-honoured tradition. ___________4. After years of time-consuming experiments, the scientists finally made a major breakthrough in the field of artificial intelligence.___________5. The Prius is the world's first mass-produced gasoline-electric hybrid car.________________ 3.合成动词词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: water-ski_________ 用磁带录下来 __________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________Exercise: blackmail_________ shortchange __________（3）副词+动词词义理解：____________________________________________________________________Exercise: 吃得太多_________ uplift __________合成动词综合练习 : Translate the underlined words into Chinese.1. You can negotiate the price by using your fingers and even ask questions by using your hands to outline the shapes of things.________2. When you’ve finished your essay, make sure that you double-check it for mistakes.__________3. Although no one was injured, Tim was forced to postpone his travel plans.___________4. We will be able to download any file or update our computers just by saying a few words.__________,__________5. He avowed(坦白) his crime when the policeman begin to cross- examine him. __________合成副词: __________ _____________ 合成介词: __________ _____________ 合成代词: __________ _____________合成词综合练习: Fill in the blanks using the compound words in the boxDear Li Su,Guess what? I finally booked my trip to Greece! I am staying in a (1) _____________hotel in the city center. I think it will be very convenient. Although I am traveling alone, I think I will make new friends easily because I am pretty (2) ___________ .I have not made a travel plan because I am fairly(3) ____________and like to take my time (4) __________.Greece will be so interesting. I am looking forward to seeing all the (5) __________ ancient buildings and trying the (6)mouth-watering well-known happy-go-lucky brand new suitcase outgoing sightseeing_______________ food. Well, I have to finish packing my (7) ________. I promise to send you a postcard from Athens.Your friend,Yang Jie三、合成词在英语试题中的运用1. 语法填空中的合成词Find out the compound words in the passage and understand the meanings.(2019北京东城二模)World Environment Day is a UN Environment-led global event, which takes place on June 5 every year and is celebrated by thousands of communities worldwide. Since it began in 1972, it has grown to become the largest of all the celebrations of environment each year. China owns half the world’s electric vehicles and 99% of the world’s electric buses. By hosting World Environment Day 2019, the Chinese government will be able to showcase its innovation and progress toward a cleaner environment.Fill in the blanks using the compound words(改自2019北京海淀二模)The year 2018 marks the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and___________(开放). The past four decades has seen China shift its society from a farmer’s community to a digital culture successfully. Under the leadership of CPC, many achievements can be seen in every field. The life of the Chinese people has improved, with millions of people being lifted out of poverty. The country now has the world’s largest _____________(高速的) rail network. And with around 800 million Internet users, China has become the world’s _________________(增长最快的)online shopping market.2. 完形填空中的合成词Find out the compound words in the passage and understand the meanings.(2019北京高考)Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.……Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organization, On Point for college. Although the programme asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes beyond to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to assist them. If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drivers to and from school, Wilson never hesitates to buy them a meal.(2019天津高考)I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some _____1_____ station.The _____2______moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the ____3_____of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash, all lost to the bus.1. A. accessible B. hidden C. unknown D. convenient2. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. eye-catching D. heart- stopping3. A. parts B. contents C. details D. ingredients3. 阅读理解中的合成词(2017北京海淀第一学期期中，C)The discovery shows life may have formed quicker and more easily than once thought, about half a billion years after Earth formed. And that may also give hope for life forming elsewhere, such as Mars, said study co-author Martin V anKranendonk of the University of New South Wales and director of the Australian Center for Astrobiology. “It gives us an idea how our planet evolved and how life gained a foothold,” V ankranendonk said.1.The underlined words “gained a foothold” in Paragraph 3 mean____.A. continuedB. changedC. increasedD. started(2016 课表II,B)……Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”….3. What does the underlined word “downside ”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. DrawbackC. DifficultyD. Burden.。
高中英语2024届高考复习合成词构成汇总(共四大类)
高考英语合成词构成汇总一、合成名词1.名词+名词Suit套装+case箱=suitcase手提箱/衣箱earth地球+quake地震+earthquake地震head头+line线+headline报刊大致标题man人+kind种类=mankind人类egg鸡蛋+plant植物=eggplant茄子2.形容词+名词green绿色+house房子=greenhouse温室high高的+way路=highway高速公路short短的+hand手=shorthand速记3.名词+动词ing形式sun太阳+bathing洗浴=sun-bathing日光浴tape磁带+recording唱片=tape-recording磁带录音4.动词+名词scare惊吓+crow乌鸦=scarecrow稻草人break打破+water水=breakwater防波堤pick挑选+pocket口袋=pickpocket扒手5.副词+名词in里面+land陆地=inland内陆over超过+coat外套=大衣6.代词+名词he他+goat公山羊=he-goat公山羊she她+wolf母狼=she-wolf母狼7.动词+副词get得到+together共同=联欢会break打破+down下=breakdown崩溃break打破+through穿过=breakthrough突破8.动词ing形式+名词dining吃饭+car车=dining car餐车waiting等待+room房间=waiting room候诊室sleeping睡觉+pills药片=sleeping pills安眠药。
9.副词+动词out出+break打破=outbreak爆发out出+put放=output产量down下+fall掉=downfall垮台10.名词+介词passer过路人+by经过=passer-by过路人looker检查员+on上面=looker-on旁观者11.其他方式构成的合成词well很好地+being存在=well-being健康make制作+up上=makeup化妆品snow下雪+fall落下=snowfall下雪day天+break打破=daybreak拂晓grown长大+up上=grown-up长大brother兄弟+in里面+law法律=brother-in-law妹/妹夫commander指挥官+in里面+chief首领=commander-in-law总司令。
英语合成词
U 6 p120合成形容词和其他合成词一样，合成形容词（compound adjectives）也是由两个或两个以上的字合组而成的。
由于现代英语结构尽量从繁入简，合成词，特别是合成形容词的运用，就越来越普遍，报章杂志更是如此。
合成形容词的构成方法，主要有下列 6 种：①名词+形容词，如：oil-rich, duty-free, praiseworthy, life-long, carefree, worldwide, skin-deep, sea-sick, cock-sure, word-perfect 等。
②形容词+形容词，如：bitter-sweet, red-hot, Afro-Asian, socio-political, dead-alive, blue-black 等。
③名词+现在分词，如：peace-loving, labour-saving, law-abiding, time-consuming, painstaking, trouble-shooting 等。
④名词+过去分词，如：examination-oriented, man-made, poverty-stricken, bed-ridden, wind-blown, weather-beaten, heart-broken 等。
⑤形容词+现在分词，如：good-looking, easy-going, eager-seeming, direct-acting 等。
⑥形容词+过去分词，如：kind-hearted, narrow-minded, single-handed, new-born, soft-spoken, strong-headed, many-sided 等。
在这六类合成形容词中，①、③和④的生产率最高。
此外，合成形容词还可以从其他词类或结构转化而来，气象万千，韵味十足：⑴从副词短语转化而来，如：all-round protection, off-the-cuff opinion, round-the-clock investigation, the ahead-of-schedule general election, a once-a-week discussion 等。
英语单词的构成独立单词合成词
”，在不引起歧义的情况下，将其省略。
合成词：一般加上连字符“-复合词：两个或两个以上独立的词在一起出现，构成一个复合词。
派生词：派生词，是英语主要的构词法。
这方法是借前缀或后缀之助，制造出派生词，主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。
复合词一、复合名词：复合名词在英语中占有很大的数量，通常在句中作主语、宾语；常见的有而是该名词的用途。
偶尔也可用作定语，但表示的不是该名词的特点，以下几种类型： A．“名词＋名词”。
例如：门铃 4housework家务活）doorbell）football足球2）classroom教室 3）1铅笔盒 5）pencil-box ing”。
例如： B．“名词＋动词-）笔记 43）bookkeeping）handwriting书法 2）sun-bathing日光浴1）watchmaking钟表制造业letter-writing书信5形式在这类复合词中起定语的作用，它与后-ing．“动词-ing＋名词”。
动词C面名词的关系有两种情况：是现-inga．在逻辑上有主谓关系，并用来表示所修饰的名词的特征。
这时动词在分词。
例如：飞鱼 3running water流水）flying fish1）working people 劳动人民 2）是动名词。
例如： b．在逻辑上没有主谓关系，这时动词-ing1）sitting-room 起居室2）reading-room 阅览室 3）sleeping-pills 安眠药4）building material 建筑材料 5）dining car 餐车D．“动词＋名词”。
例如：1）pickpocket 扒手 2）breakwater 防浪堤 3）playground 操场 4）workplace 车间 5）driftwood 浮木．“形容词＋名词”。
例如：E．） 4blackboard 黑板两面派 3） 1）shorthand 速记2）double-dealer）high-speed 高速white-face 丑角 5 F．“动词＋副词”。
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合成词
英语中很多单词是通过合成的方式构成的，他们叫做合成词，常见合成词有合成名词、合成动词、合成形容词等几种类型。
1。
合成名词
名词＋名词： football足球
名词＋动词: snowfall 下雪
名词＋动词—ing ： horse—riding骑马
名词＋介词＋名词： daughter-in-law儿媳
动词-ing＋名词: waiting—room候车室
形容词＋名词: greenhouse温室
副词＋名词： income收入
介词＋名词： afternoon下午
过去分词+副词: grown—up成年人
2。
合成动词
名词＋动词: water-cool用水冷却
形容词＋动词： quick-charge快速充电
副词＋动词: outact行动上胜过
3。
合成形容词
名词＋形容词: world—famous世界文明的
名词＋动词—ing ： peace-loving热爱和平的
名词＋过去分词： heart—broken伤心的
动词＋副词: takeaway外卖的
形容词＋名词： long—distance长途的
形容词＋形容词: dark—blue深蓝色的
形容词＋过去分词: new—born新出生的
副词＋形容词： color—blind色盲的
副词＋动词—ing ： hard-working勤劳的
副词＋过去分词： well—known著名的
数词＋名词： first-class头等的
数词＋名词＋形容词: ten-year-old十岁大的数词＋名词＋ed ： three—cornered三角的介词＋名词: indoor 室内的。