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高二英语软件开发单选题50题

高二英语软件开发单选题50题

高二英语软件开发单选题50题1.The main language used in software development is _____.A.PythonB.JavaC.C++D.All of the above答案:D。

在软件开发中,Python、Java 和C++都是常用的编程语言,所以答案是以上皆是。

2.Which one is not a software development tool?A.Visual StudioB.IntelliJ IDEAC.PhotoshopD.Eclipse答案:C。

Photoshop 是图像编辑软件,不是软件开发工具。

Visual Studio、IntelliJ IDEA 和Eclipse 都是常用的软件开发集成环境。

3.The process of finding and fixing bugs in software is called _____.A.debuggingB.codingC.testingD.designing答案:A。

debugging 是调试的意思,即查找和修复软件中的错误。

coding 是编码,testing 是测试,designing 是设计。

4.A set of instructions that a computer follows is called a _____.A.programB.algorithmC.data structureD.variable答案:A。

program 是程序,即一组计算机遵循的指令。

algorithm 是算法,data structure 是数据结构,variable 是变量。

5.Which programming paradigm emphasizes on objects and classes?A.Procedural programmingB.Functional programmingC.Object-oriented programmingD.Logic programming答案:C。

小学上册第十四次英语第四单元寒假试卷(有答案)

小学上册第十四次英语第四单元寒假试卷(有答案)

小学上册英语第四单元寒假试卷(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.My dad is very ________.2. A __________ (长期计划) can support sustainable gardening.3.My mom is a ________.4.The dog wagged its ______ (尾巴) when it saw me. It was very ______ (兴奋).5.I can create a _________ (玩具动物) out of clay.6.中国的________ (history) 充满了起伏与变迁。

7.She has a _____ (cat/dog) at home.8.The cake is ___ (frosted).9.The atmosphere is essential for ______ life on Earth.10.The ancient Chinese invented _____ paper.11.My sister sings in the ________ (合唱团).12. A _____ is a group of stars that is visible in the night sky.13.I like to ______ pictures. (draw)14. A tiny ___ (小龙) appears in stories.15.What do we call the primary color that mixes with blue to create violet?A. RedB. YellowC. GreenD. Orange答案:A16. A molecule that can donate protons is called an ______.17.The process of ______ involves the gradual breakdown of rocks.18.The ______ (水分) in soil is crucial for growth.19.My cousin is a great __________ (志愿者).20.I love reading mystery books. My favorite author is __________.21.The chemical symbol for chromium is __________.22.The flowers are _____ and colorful. (bright)23. A __________ is a mixture that can be separated by evaporation.24.The Sun is a medium-sized star in the ______ galaxy.25.The process of making glass involves heating sand to a high _____.26.The pufferfish can _________ itself. (膨胀)27.The __________ (历史的冲击) prompts reflection.28. A ____ is a friendly creature that enjoys company.29.What is the capital city of the Philippines?A. ManilaB. CebuC. DavaoD. Quezon City答案: A30.An alligator lives in _________ (沼泽地).31. A __________ (分子间力) influences the physical properties of a substance.32. A chemical reaction requires a change in ______.33.We can _____ (graft) plants to improve growth.34.The ice cream is _____ melting. (slowly)35.My dad tells _______ jokes.36.The __________ (地震) shook the buildings.37.The gecko can stick to _______ (墙壁).38.We need to ________ the house.39. A ________ (树枝) can break if it is too heavy.40.Certain plants can ______ (生存) in low-nutrient soils.41.I can ________ (lead) a team effectively.42.She is _______ (reading) a novel.43.The __________ (历史的跨文化交流) fosters understanding.44.What do we call a story that explains the origins of something?A. MythB. FableC. LegendD. Fairy tale答案: A45.The Age of Exploration began in the _______ century.46.The chemical process that occurs in our bodies to release energy is called ______.47.I see a _____ (bird/fish) in the tree.48.He is a mechanic, ______ (他是一名机械师), fixing cars.49.The _____ (枝条) can be pruned for better growth.50.The ostrich is the world's largest ______ (鸟).51.Burning wood produces __________.52.She is studying to be a ________.53.The playground is full of ______.54.My cousin is passionate about __________ (艺术).55.I see a _____ (caterpillar) on the leaf.56.I saw a _______ (小松鼠) eating an acorn.57.My __________ (玩具名) always makes me laugh when I __________ (动词).58. A ________ (植物采集) can be educational.59._______ are important for the environment.60.The chemical formula for ammonium sulfate is __________.61. Carta was signed in __________ (1215), limiting the power of the king. The Magn62.The goldfish swims gracefully in the _________ (水).63.The _____ (植物生物) is varied and complex.64.My cousin always visits us during ____.65.He has a pet ___ . (fish)66.My brother has a remote-controlled _____ (飞机).67.What is the main language spoken in the USA?A. SpanishB. EnglishC. FrenchD. Chinese答案: B68.The weather is _____ today. (nice)69.I like ________ (吃) ice cream.70.We have a ________ (meeting) after school.71.What do you call a group of wolves?A. PackB. HerdC. FlockD. Swarm答案: A72.I love to eat ___. (cake)73.I love learning new languages because it helps me understand different _______ (文化).74.Light from ancient stars provides clues about the early _______.75.My dad loves to ________ (烹饪).76.The _____ (fish/bird) is swimming.77.The ice cream truck is ______ (coming) down the street.78.Pandas mainly eat _________ (竹子).79.The hamster runs on its _______ every night.80.What is the name of the famous clock tower in London?A. Big BenB. Eiffel TowerC. Leaning Tower of PisaD. Statue of Liberty答案:A81.My uncle is a __________ (建筑师).82.I always _______ (帮助) my parents.83.My friend is a ______. He wants to be an astronaut.84.His favorite animal is a ________.85.The _____ (星星) twinkle at night.86.The teacher, ______ (老师), inspires us to dream big.87.In art class, we made ________ (手工艺品) using old toys. It was ________ (有趣的) to create something new!88.The rabbit has powerful _______ (后腿) for jumping.89.The police officer, ______ (警察), keeps the community safe.90. A lever can increase the ______ applied to an object.91.The _____ (ocean) is blue.92.The nurse provides care and support in _____ (医院).93.My mom enjoys doing ____ (puzzles).94.I enjoy _______ (看书) at the library.95.The __________ is cool and refreshing during the summer. (海洋)96.What is the name of the place where we go to watch movies?A. TheaterB. MuseumC. Concert HallD. Library答案: A97.What do we call the process of making food from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water?A. PhotosynthesisB. RespirationC. FermentationD. Digestion答案: A. Photosynthesis98.Chemical reactions can be classified as ______ or physical changes.99. A mixture that is not uniform throughout is called a ______ mixture.100.My uncle is a skilled ____ (sculptor).。

小学下册第13次英语第六单元测验卷(有答案)

小学下册第13次英语第六单元测验卷(有答案)

小学下册英语第六单元测验卷(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.I like to ______ (参与) in student council meetings.2.I enjoy coloring in my ________ (涂色书) on rainy days.3.The chemical symbol for barium is _______.4.seum is an ancient __________ (斗兽场) in Rome. The Crus5.What is the name of the famous red fruit that is often used in salads?A. TomatoB. PepperC. CucumberD. Lettuce答案: A6.The garden is alive with colorful _______ and buzzing bees.7.The Berlin Wall separated East and West ________.8.The __________ (生态环境) provides homes for various plants.9.It’s time to ___. (sleep)10. Carta established the principle of ________ (法治). The Magn11.What is the name of the famous artist known for his "The Last Judgment"?A. MichelangeloB. RaphaelC. Leonardo da VinciD. Titian答案: A12.The ________ (baby) is crawling on the floor.13.I enjoy visiting the ________ (科学博物馆) for fun.14.I like to make ______ for my friends' birthdays.15.The ______ (气候变化) impacts global plant life.16. A _______ is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution.17.What do we call a scientist who studies the weather?A. GeologistB. MeteorologistC. BiologistD. Astronomer答案:b18. A __________ (分子间力) influences the physical properties of a substance.19. A parakeet can learn to whistle ______ (曲调).20.I have a ______ of crayons in my backpack. (box)21.How many legs does a spider have?A. 6B. 8C. 4D. 10答案: B22._____ (spore) is used by ferns to reproduce.23.My favorite game is ________ (捉迷藏) with my friends in the ________ (操场).24.I saw a _________ in the garden. (蜗牛)25.What is the opposite of "soft"?A. HardB. HeavyC. SmallD. Wet答案:A Hard26. A force can change an object’s ______.27.The ______ (花盆) needs drainage holes.28. A ________ (猴子) is very clever and enjoys swinging from trees.29.The __________ (历史的传承) preserves our legacies.30.What is the name of the famous American author known for "Beloved"?A. Toni MorrisonB. Maya AngelouC. Alice WalkerD. Zora Neale Hurston 答案: A31.The process of converting a gas into a solid is called _______.32.What do you call the process of growing plants?A. GardeningB. FarmingC. AgricultureD. All of the above答案:D33.The capital of the Gambia is ________ (班珠尔).34. A chemical reaction that requires energy is called an ______ reaction.35.The movie was _______ and exciting.36.The _____ (狮子) is known for its impressive roar.37. A __________ is a measure of the amount of water in the soil.38.The bee dances to communicate with other _________. (蜜蜂)39.What is the name of the famous American author who wrote "The Great Gatsby"?A. Mark TwainB. F. Scott FitzgeraldC. Ernest HemingwayD. William Faulkner答案:B40.The __________ (历史的启示) inspires action.41.What do you call the person who teaches you in school?A. DoctorB. TeacherC. ChefD. Pilot答案:B42.The water is _______ (calm) at the lake.43.The __________ (历史的映像) reflects society.44.We have a ______ (有趣的) discussion in class.45. A frog's skin is often ______ (湿润).46.They are _____ (jumping) rope.47.The flowers smell ______ (sweet) in spring.48. A _______ change involves a change in appearance but not in composition.49.This ________ (玩具) has many fun features.50.The ______ is known for its elaborate courtship dance.51.The ant is very _______.52.I built a huge _________ (玩具城市) with my friends.53.She has a _____ (大) smile that makes everyone happy.54.My friend is very ________.55.My sister enjoys __________. (阅读)56.The _____ (大熊猫) is a rare animal that lives in China. 大熊猫是生活在中国的一种稀有动物。

八年级英语计算机编程单选题50题

八年级英语计算机编程单选题50题

八年级英语计算机编程单选题50题1.There is a problem in the _____.A.codeB.programputerD.screen答案:A。

本题考查词汇辨析。

code 是“代码”,program 是“程序”,computer 是“电脑”,screen 是“屏幕”。

题目中说有一个问题,通常是在代码中存在问题。

2.We need to write a new _____.A.codeB.programC.bookD.paper答案:B。

本题考查词汇辨析。

write 通常和program 搭配表示写程序,code 一般说write code( 编写代码)但题干中没有这种表述,book 是“书”,paper 是“纸”。

3.The _____ is running smoothly.A.codeB.programC.machineD.car答案:B。

本题考查词汇辨析。

run smoothly(运行顺畅)通常用来形容program,code 不能直接说running smoothly,machine 是“机器”,car 是“汽车”。

4.He is an expert in _____ writing.A.codeB.programC.articleD.story答案:A。

本题考查词汇辨析。

expert in 后面接具体的领域,code writing 是“代码编写”,program 一般说programming,article 是“文章”,story 是“故事”。

5.The _____ has some bugs.A.codeB.programC.deskD.chair答案:B。

本题考查词汇辨析。

has some bugs 有一些漏洞)通常说的是程序有漏洞,code 一般说have errors( 有错误),desk 是“书桌”,chair 是“椅子”。

6.There are two conditions. We need to use 'if...else...' statement. Which one is correct?A.if condition then do something else do something else.B.if condition: do something else: do something else.C.if condition: do something else do something else.D.if condition then do something else.答案:C。

高二英语编程入门单选题50题

高二英语编程入门单选题50题

高二英语编程入门单选题50题1.In programming, a variable is used to store _____.A.dataB.codeC.functionD.error答案:A。

选项A“data”意为“数据”,变量在编程中是用来存储数据的。

选项B“code”是“代码”,变量不是用来存储代码的。

选项C“function”是“函数”,变量不存储函数。

选项D“error”是“错误”,变量也不存储错误。

本题考查编程基础词汇“variable”的含义。

2.When you write a program, you need to use a(n) _____ to tell the computer what to do.mandmentC.libraryD.error message答案:A。

选项A“command”意为“命令”,写程序时需要用命令告诉计算机做什么。

选项B“comment”是“注释”,不是用来告诉计算机做什么的。

选项C“library”是“库”,也不是用来直接告诉计算机做什么的。

选项D“error message”是“错误信息”,不是用来指示计算机行动的。

本题考查编程相关词汇的理解。

3.In programming, an algorithm is a set of _____ to solve a problem.A.dataB.stepsC.errorsnguages答案:B。

选项A“data”是“数据”,算法不是一组数据。

选项B“steps”是“步骤”,算法是解决问题的一组步骤。

选项C“errors”是“错误”,算法不是错误的集合。

选项D“languages”是“语言”,算法不是语言的集合。

本题考查编程基础词汇“algorithm”的含义。

4.A function in programming is like a(n) _____ that performs a specific task.A.toolB.errorC.datanguage答案:A。

五年级英语电脑编程单选题50题(含答案)

五年级英语电脑编程单选题50题(含答案)

五年级英语电脑编程单选题50题(含答案)1. What does “program” mean?A. bookB. computerC. softwareD. pencil答案:C。

“program”的意思是程序、软件。

选项A“book”是书;选项B“computer”是电脑;选项D“pencil”是铅笔。

只有选项C“software”与“program”的意思最接近。

2. “Code” is related to _____.A. musicB. paintingC. programmingD. sports答案:C。

“code”是代码,与编程“programming”相关。

选项A“music”是音乐;选项B“painting”是绘画;选项D“sports”是运动。

3. When we “debug”, we are _____.A. playing gamesB. finding mistakesC. reading booksD. watching movies答案:B。

“debug”是调试,也就是找错误。

选项A“playing games”是玩游戏;选项C“reading books”是读书;选项D“watching movies”是看电影。

4. A good “programmer” needs to be _____.A. lazyB. carefulC. noisyD. rude答案:B。

一个好的程序员需要细心。

选项A“lazy”是懒惰的;选项C“noisy”是吵闹的;选项D“rude”是粗鲁的。

5. “Software” is made up of _____.A. colorsB. numbersC. wordsD. code答案:D。

软件是由代码组成的。

选项A“colors”是颜色;选项B“numbers”是数字;选项C“words”是单词。

6. What do we use to write “code”?A. penB. paperC. keyboardD. eraser答案:C。

小学上册第十四次英语第1单元期中试卷(有答案)

小学上册英语第1单元期中试卷(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.Which word means "to see something"?A. HearB. TouchC. SmellD. Look答案: D. Look2.The __________ is a large lake located in Canada. (安大略湖)3.I enjoy participating in _______ (比赛) at school. It helps me build confidence.4. A colloidal solution has tiny particles that do not ______.5.The __________ (历史的影响深远) shapes futures.6.We should always _______ (保持) our classroom _______ (干净).7.The _______ can help prevent soil erosion.8.Sound waves require a medium such as air, water, or ______.9.My best friend is __________, and we love to __________ together.10. A _______ (蜥蜴) can be seen basking in the sun.11.The chemical formula for potassium chloride is _____.12.The capital of Denmark is ________ (丹麦的首都是________).13. A crab scuttles sideways on the _______ looking for its next meal.14. A catalyst is not consumed in a ______.15.The __________ in spring brings new life to the garden. (雨水)16. A _______ (小兔子) hops around in the garden.17.The cake is _______ (刚烤好)。

小学上册第三次英语第6单元测验试卷(有答案)

小学上册英语第6单元测验试卷(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.The Earth's crust is primarily composed of ______ and sedimentary materials.2.What do plants need to grow?A. LightB. WaterC. SoilD. All of the above答案:D3.Stellar evolution describes the life cycle of a _______.4.The ______ (根茎) helps store energy for the plant.5.The Earth’s ______ is made up of solid rock and is where we live.6.The ______ (植物的生命周期) is an interesting topic.7.What is the primary color that mixes with blue to create violet?A. GreenB. YellowC. RedD. Orange答案:C8.I have a _____ (手套) that keeps my hands warm in winter. 我有一双冬天保暖的手套。

9.What do we call the act of running a marathon?A. CompetingB. RacingC. JoggingD. Sprinting答案:B10.The _______ (蜗牛) leaves a trail.11.She is a _____ (科学家) studying renewable resources.12.The _______ (老虎) is known for its stealth.13.She has a new ________.14.I want to ________ (learn) a new language.15.The chemical symbol for lithium is _______.16.What is the process of a plant growing from a seed called?A. GerminationB. PollinationC. FertilizationD. Propagation答案: A17.I enjoy sharing my toy ________ (玩具名称) stories with friends.18.What do you use to eat soup?A. KnifeB. ForkC. SpoonD. Plate答案:C Spoon19.The _______ (老虎) is known for its strength.20.My father helps me with my __________. (作业)21.My mom grows ________ in the kitchen.22.The __________ is a large area of grassland in Africa.23.She is ________ (wearing) a blue dress.24.Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of ______.25.Read and match.(看图连线。

小学下册Y卷英语第三单元寒假试卷[含答案]

小学下册英语第三单元寒假试卷[含答案]英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1 An island formed from volcanic activity is called a ______ island.2 I made a scrapbook of all my ________ (旅行). Each page tells a unique ________ (故事).3 Which animal says "moo"?A. DogB. CatC. CowD. Sheep答案:C4 The _____ (蛇) can be found in many different colors.5 What is 12 4?A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 9答案:C6 The rabbit hops around the ______ (花园). It is searching for ______ (食物).7 I like to drink ______ (果汁).8 What do you call the tall structure used by firefighters to reach high places?A. LadderB. RampC. StairsD. Elevator答案:A9 What do we call the device that converts sunlight into electricity?a. Solar panelb. Wind turbinec. Batteryd. Generator答案:a10 The _______ (老虎) has stripes.11 What is the name of the famous battle fought in 1066 in England?A. Battle of HastingsB. Battle of WaterlooC. Battle of AgincourtD. Battle of Gettysburg答案:A12 My friend gave me a _____ (滑板) as a gift.13 What is the name of the famous scientist who developed the theory of evolution?A. Charles DarwinB. Albert EinsteinC. Isaac NewtonD. Nikola Tesla答案:A14 What do we call a person who studies astronomy?A. AstronomerB. AstrophysicistC. CosmologistD. All of the above15 How many sides does a square have?A. ThreeB. FourC. FiveD. Six16 My favorite drink is ______ (lemonade).17 I write with a ________ (pen).18 What is the name of the famous clock tower in London?A. Big BenB. Eiffel TowerC. Leaning TowerD. Colosseum答案:A19 The _____ is the nearest galaxy to Earth.20 What is the opposite of wet?A. DryB. DampC. MoistD. Humid21 The frog's croak is loud and ______ (引人注意).22 A chemical reaction that releases heat is called ______.23 The kittens are ______ in the basket. (sleeping)24 What is the opposite of happy?A. SadB. ExcitedC. JoyfulD. Angry25 The ______ is a chart that shows all the elements.26 The bird sits on a _______ (鸟坐在_______上).27 Which animal is known for building dams?A. BeaverB. OtterC. FoxD. Bear答案:A28 What is the name of the popular animated movie featuring a lion?A. Finding NemoB. The Lion KingC. AladdinD. Frozen29 The scientist discovered a new _____ (物种).30 I have a ________ (遥控车) that I race with my friends.31 What is the name of the famous American singer known for her powerful voice?A. Aretha FranklinB. Mariah CareyC. Whitney HoustonD. Adele答案: C. Whitney Houston32 I have a picture of my _______ (我有一张我_______的照片).33 The _____ (铃铛) chimes softly.34 Gravity is the force that keeps planets in _______ around the sun.35 Which holiday celebrates the new year?A. ChristmasB. HalloweenC. New Year's DayD. Thanksgiving36 The rabbit's ears help it hear _________. (声音)37 I like to _____ (参观) new places.38 What do you call an animal that only eats plants?A. CarnivoreB. HerbivoreC. OmnivoreD. Insectivore答案:B39 My favorite holiday is ________ (复活节) because of the eggs.40 The bear hibernates during the ______ (冬天).41 The ____ has a shiny shell and is often found on beaches.42 What is the name of the famous bridge in New York City?A. Golden Gate BridgeB. Brooklyn BridgeC. Tower BridgeD. Sydney Harbour Bridge答案:B43 To neutralize an acid, you can add a ______.44 Astronomical units (AU) are used to measure distances within our ______.45 What is the name of the famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci?A. The Starry NightB. Mona LisaC. The Last SupperD. The Scream答案: B46 The chemical formula for sodium cyanide is ______.47 The capital of Canada is __________.48 I take a ______ (背包) for my hiking trips.49 The Earth's surface features are shaped by ______ forces.50 The cat plays with a _____ ball of yarn.51 A precipitate forms when two solutions _____ together.52 What is the name of the first spacecraft to land on the surface of Mars?A. Viking 1B. SpiritC. CuriosityD. Opportunity53 His favorite color is ________.54 We have a family ___. (tradition)55 Shale is a type of sedimentary rock that is formed from ______ clay particles.56 What is the capital of Argentina?A. Buenos AiresB. SantiagoC. BogotáD. Lima57 Some _______ are great for attracting hummingbirds.58 My friend is passionate about _______ (名词). 她总是 _______ (动词).59 My _____ (邻居) helps me with my homework.60 A __________ is a type of chemical bond that involves the transfer of electrons.61 The garden is filled with colorful _______ that bloom beautifully every season.62 The chemical formula for ammonia is _______.63 I have a special ________ that makes me feel happy.64 The _______ (小金刀) is a swift swimmer in the sea.65 What is the capital city of Chile?A. Buenos AiresB. SantiagoC. LimaD. Bogotá答案:B66 I like to watch cartoons about my toy ____. (玩具名称)67 My dream is to travel to __________. I want to see __________ and experience the culture. I hope to meet new friends and learn __________ while I’m there.68 What do you call a baby kangaroo?A. JoeyB. CalfC. CubD. Kid答案: A69 The ancient Egyptians created intricate ______ (艺术品).70 The ancient Egyptians built their cities along the _____ River.71 What is the name of the famous detective created by Arthur Conan Doyle?A. Hercule PoirotB. Sherlock HolmesC. Miss MarpleD. Sam Spade72 What is the name of the famous ship that sank in 1912?A. BritannicB. Queen MaryC. TitanicD. Lusitania答案:C73 She is wearing a lovely ___. (dress)74 What is the name of the largest desert in the world?A. SaharaB. ArabianC. GobiD. Kalahari答案:A75 I love to watch _____ (小动物) play in the park.76 The __________ is a famous historical site in Egypt. (金字塔)77 My brother is a ______. He enjoys drawing cartoons.78 A _______ is used to measure the amount of liquid in a container.79 A ________ (园艺活动) engages communities.80 What do you call the study of stars and planets?A. BiologyB. AstrologyC. AstronomyD. Geology81 micropolitan) area is smaller than a metropolitan area. The ____82 My brother's name is . (我哥哥的名字是。

深圳2024年09版小学6年级B卷英语第2单元全练全测

深圳2024年09版小学6年级英语第2单元全练全测考试时间:90分钟(总分:140)A卷考试人:_________题号一二三总分得分一、选择题(共计20题,共40分)1、What do we call a young fish?A. FryB. FingerlingC. LarvaD. Pup2、选择题:What is the opposite of rich?A. WealthyB. PoorC. AffluentD. Prosperous3、Which fruit is red and round?A. BananaB. AppleC. GrapeD. Orange4、What is the main ingredient in hummus?A. ChickpeasB. LentilsC. BeansD. Peas5、选择题:What is the color of a typical tomato?A. YellowB. GreenC. RedD. Blue6、What do we call a young rabbit?A. KitB. PupC. CubD. Chick7、选择题:What do we call a person who sings?A. DancerB. SingerC. PainterD. Writer8、What is the term for the boundary around a black hole where nothing can escape?A. SingularityB. Event HorizonC. Photon SphereD. Gravity Well9、选择题:What do you call the natural satellite of Earth?A. StarB. MoonC. PlanetD. Comet10、选择题:What do we call a person who writes poems?A. NovelistB. PoetC. AuthorD. Lyricist11、选择题:What is the name of the famous tower in Paris?A. Big BenB. Eiffel TowerC. Leaning Tower of PisaD. Statue of Liberty12、What is the opposite of "hot"?A. ColdB. WarmC. CoolD. Spicy13、What do you call the sound a cat makes?A. BarkB. MeowC. MooD. Quack14、What is the main ingredient in guacamole?A. TomatoB. AvocadoC. PepperD. Onion15、Which animal is known for its long neck?A. ElephantB. GiraffeC. RhinoD. Hippo16、What do you call a young cat?A. PuppyB. KittenC. CubD. Foal17、What is the name of the toy building blocks?A. LegoB. PuzzleC. DollD. Action Figure18、选择题:What do we call the color of the sun?A. YellowB. OrangeC. WhiteD. Red19、What is the name of the famous detective created by Arthur Conan Doyle?A. Hercule PoirotB. Sherlock HolmesC. Miss MarpleD. Sam Spade20、选择题:What do you call a large animal that lives in the ocean?A. FishB. WhaleC. SharkD. Dolphin二、听力题(共计20题,共40分)1、听力题:The chemical formula for potassium carbonate is ______.2、听力题:The chemical symbol for thallium is __________.3、听力题:The process of mixing different substances is called ______.4、听力题:The Earth's crust is rich in ______ materials.5、听力题:The flowers are _____ and yellow. (pink)6、听力题:We had a _____ (party/picnic) last weekend.7、听力题:A ____ has a soft, fluffy tail and loves to dig.8、听力题:A base can neutralize an _____.9、听力题:The _____ (mountain) is high.10、听力题:An organic compound contains ______.11、听力题:In a chemical reaction, the reactants undergo change to form new _____.12、听力题:The higher you go, the _______ the air pressure.13、听力题:The park is ________ from my house.The ______ is a talented artist.15、听力填空题:I feel safe at home when __________ because __________.16、听力题:My brother is interested in ____ (engineering).17、听力题:My favorite color is _____ (blue/sit).18、听力题:The __________ is a region known for its social movements.19、听力题:I like to _____ (explore) new things.20、听力题:The chemical formula for sodium citrate is __________.三、填空题(共计20题,共10分)1、填空题:A rabbit's strong legs help it escape from ________________ (捕食者).2、填空题:My _____ (舅舅) is a pilot.3、填空题:The _______ (Spanish colonization) greatly impacted the indigenous peoples of America.4、 (13) Pole is covered in ice. 填空题:The ____5、填空题:I want to _______ (学习) how to drive.6、填空题:The pelican's pouch is used to store ______ (鱼).7、填空题:A _____ is a large area of flat land in the countryside.She is a lawyer, ______ (她是一名律师), who helps people.9、填空题:The _______ (Pilgrims) celebrated the first Thanksgiving with Native Americans.10、填空题:My grandma enjoys making ____.11、填空题:Certain plants can ______ (为动物提供) food and shelter.12、填空题:The scientist conducts experiments in a _____ (实验室).13、填空题:My sister is a great __________. (诗人)14、填空题:The kitten pounces on a _________. (玩具)15、填空题:The ancient Sumerians created one of the earliest forms of ________ (文字).16、填空题:When I grow up, I want to have a ________ (赛车). It goes very ________ (快).17、填空题:Certain plants are known for their ability to _____ in harsh conditions.(某些植物以其在恶劣条件下生存的能力而闻名。

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酒花颗粒(增加苦味和香味,主要是容易采购的苦香兼优 型酒花,包括海库勒、哥伦布、战斧、宙斯、珍珠、传统 等,30 – 300 g/hl )
• CO2Extract (for bittering mainly)
二氧化碳酒花浸膏(主要是增加苦味)
• Post fermentation bitter products (light stability, foam)
精酿啤酒中最重要的酒花制品
• Pellets (for everything, aroma/flavor/bitterness, all varieties 100 – 6000 g/hl !)
酒花颗粒(增加香味/风味/苦味,所有品种的酒花用量为 100 – 6000 g/hl !)
• Hop cones (wet hopping, brewers cut, pressed cones, plugs) 酒花球果(湿投酒花,) • CO2Extract (to decrease vegetative material) 二氧化碳酒花浸膏(为了减少植物材料数量) • Post fermentation aroma products (hop oil fractions, PHA products, to support aroma and to decrease vegetative material) 后发酵酒花制品(酒花油馏分、纯净酒花香油制品,目的是维持香味 和减少植物材料的用量)
利用率=(啤酒中异构α-酸/酒花中α-酸)×100%
5
Estimated Distribution of Hop Products 2014/15
2014/2015年酒花制品使用情况分布估计
Crop 2014: Demand for 9,357 Tons Alpha in 2014 2014年收获:2014年α-酸需求为9357吨
There can not be a clear distinction!
无明显区别!
German Pilsner – Mainstream or Craft ?
德国皮尔森——主流还是精酿?
Guiness – Mainstream or Craft?
吉尼斯——主流还是精酿?
Mainstream 主流
– Iso-Pellets 异构酒花颗粒
– Iso Extracts – post fermentation 异构提取液-后发酵 % Utilization = (IAA in beer / dosed AA) x 100
45-55 %
70-90 %
– Isomerized Kettle Extract (IKE) 异构酒花浸膏(IKE) 45-55 % •
• IAA content of craft beer (US and non US) 5-60 mg/L
精酿啤酒的异构α-酸含量为 5-60 mg/L
Iso-alpha content, does not say anything about beer type !
没有特指任何啤酒品种的异构α-酸含量!
What hops can do for the mainstream and craft industry
酒花对主流工业和精酿啤酒的贡献
Dr. Christina Schönberger Barth Haas Group
Raw hop composition 原酒花成分
Alpha acids
Beta acids
• Alpha Utilization:
α-酸利用率:
– Baled Hops 成捆酒花 – Regular Pellets (Type 90) 常规酒花颗粒(90型) – Enriched Pellets (Type 45) 浓缩酒花颗粒(45型) – CO2 Extract 二氧化碳酒花浸膏 15-30 % 25-40 % 25-40 % 30-40 %
加工助剂(发酵泡沫和澄清)
Hop Product advantages compared to raw Hops
相比生酒花,酒花制品的优势
• Easier handling:
处理更容易:
Raw Hops density: 100 - 150 kg/m3 (compared to 480 - 550 kg/m3 for pellets and 1,000 kg/m3 for CO2 Extract)
精酿啤酒厂数量呈指数增长——美国、意大利、西班牙、瑞士、斯勘的纳维 亚、奥地利、德国等。
• • • • • Hops in the centre of attention (cult!)
酒花是关注的中心(膜拜!)
Besides aroma and flavor: inspiration by other brewers, other beers, word of mouth, opinion makers
Flavour intensity 风味浓度
Craft 精酿
Most important hop products for intern. Lager-type beers
拉格啤酒中最重要的酒花制品
• Pellets (for bittering also aroma –hop varieties of good availability, Herkule, CTZ, Perle Tradition etc, 30 – 300 g/hl)
旋沉
发酵
陈贮
过滤
Craft beers
精酿啤酒
Hop Product Tree
酒花产品结构树
Cone hops
生酒花
Pellets (type 90-45)
酒花颗粒(45型、 90型)
Beta acids
CO2 extract
CO2酒花浸膏
Iso-alpha acids Tetra Rho
Beta acids Lipid and Waxes
欧洲拉格啤酒的异构α-酸含量为17-25 mg/L
• IAA content of German Lager 18-38 mg/L
德国拉格啤酒的异构α-酸含量为18-38 mg/L
• IAA content of chinese beers between 2-18 mg/L
中国啤酒的异构α-酸含量为2-18 mg/L
酒花特性
• Bitterness 苦味 • Aroma 香味
• Flavour 风味
• Mouthfeel口感 • Foam 泡沫
• Microbiological stabilty 微生物稳定性
• Physical stability 物理稳定性 • Flavour stability 风味稳定性 • Process aid (fermentation foam, clarification)
α-酸
% w/w 2 – 20 1 – 12 0.3 – 4 2–5
Alpha acids
β -酸
Hop oils
酒花油
Polyphenoles (Tannines)
α-酸
多酚类(单宁)
Proteins
蛋白质
Cellulose
15
40 – 50 6 – 10
Water, Cellulose, etc.
For many craft beers hops are the story
对于多数精酿啤酒而言,酒花就是故事
Flavor Varieties
风味酒花品种
15
Factors for Covetousness
令人嫉妒的因素
• • • Everything considered as flavour variety is much sought after!
生酒花密度:100 – 150 kg/m3 (颗粒酒花、 CO2 酒花浸膏的密度分别是480 - 550 kg/m3 和1,000 kg/m3 )

Better stability:
稳定性更好:
Raw Hops undergo certain degradation reactions. CO2 Extract is stable, pellets are packed in inert gas atmosphere
后发酵苦型酒花制品(耐光性、泡沫)
• Post fermentation aroma products (hop oil fractions, PHA products)
后发酵香型酒花制品(酒花油馏分、纯净酒花香油制品)
Most important hop products for craft-type beers
α
Beta acids
纤维素
M水分 单糖 果胶
Monosaccharides
Pectines Minerals (Ash)
2
2 10
Hop oils
水分、纤 维素等
酒花油
Hop polyphenols
酒花多酚类
Lipids and waxes
矿物质(灰分)
脂类和蜡
2
Hop properties
Distribution of Extract (est. 3,900 Tons Alpha) 浸膏的分布图(估计3900吨α-酸)
Extract 酒花浸膏 50%
Extract 浸膏 60%
Pellets 酒花颗粒 48%
Raw Hops 生酒花 2%
Distribution of Advanced Products (est. 374 tn α) 先进产品的分布图(估计374吨α-酸)
Lipid and Waxes
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