泌尿外科医学名词
泌尿外科名词解释

肾自截:输尿管完全闭塞,尿液不能排入膀胱,结核性膀胱炎将逐渐好转,尿路刺激症状亦可缓解甚至消失,但肾却因坏死物质积聚而被广泛破坏,功能损害至全部丧失,此即“自行肾切除”。
肾绞痛:是一种突发性剧痛,先从腰部或胁部开始,沿输尿管向下放射到膀胱甚至睾丸,这是由于肾和睾丸均属于同一神经支配所致。
疼痛多呈阵发性,持续数分钟至数小时。
发作时病人精神恐惧、面色苍白、坐卧不安。
可伴恶心、呕吐。
发作结束时疼痛可完全缓解。
最大尿流率:前列腺增生早期即可发生排尿功能改变,最大尿流率<15ml/s—排尿不畅;<10ml/s—梗阻严重。
最大尿流率不恒定,重复检查往往是必须的。
评估最大尿流率时,排尿量必须超过150ml。
(p852)残余尿尿三杯试验:是排尿过程中,根据红细胞或白细胞在尿中出现阶段的不同,从而对病灶进行初步定位的检查方法。
用三个容器分别收集一次性连续排尿过程中的三段尿样,将三杯尿样分别镜检。
如第一杯异常且程度最重—病变可能在前尿道;第三杯—膀胱颈或后尿道;三杯均异常—膀胱颈以上的尿路系统。
病理性结核:肾结核早期,虽尿已酸性,有镜下血尿,尿中偶能找到结核菌,但尚无临床症状,尿路造影亦正常。
多累及双肾。
膀胱挛缩:膀胱结核中,当整个膀胱受累,可导致膀胱瘢痕性收缩,膀胱容量明显减少,称为~。
无菌性脓尿:结核性脓尿的特点是虽有脓细胞或含结核菌,但普通细菌培养结果一般为阴性。
6高尔夫洞征:因输尿管瘢痕收缩、向上牵拉,膀胱镜下可见输尿管口扩大、内陷,有正常裂隙状变成洞穴状,称~。
这是膀胱和下端输尿管结核的特征性病理改变。
鹿角行结石:充满肾盂和肾盏的分枝状结石引起形似鹿角,故称~ 往往为磷酸胺镁结石阴性结石:尿酸结石虽在KUB中不能显示,但在IVU造影剂的衬托下呈现“负”性充盈缺损的影像。
急迫性尿失禁:逼尿肌收缩亢进时膀胱内压超过尿道阻力所致的漏尿。
病人有急不可待的尿意。
充溢性尿失禁:膀胱内有大量残余尿或膀胱挛缩时膀胱内压超过尿道阻力时引起的溢尿。
泌尿外科学名词解释

泌尿外科学名词解释
泌尿外科学主要研究肾脏、膀胱、输尿管、尿道以及男性生殖器官等器官的疾病,包括肾结石、肾癌、膀胱癌、前列腺疾病等。
泌尿外科学涉及的手术范围广泛,包括肾脏移植、腹腔镜手术、肾上腺肿瘤切除、肾盂输尿管交接部狭窄手术、尿道下裂和阴茎下屈整形等。
此外,泌尿外科学还涉及慢性前列腺炎、男性性功能障碍和男性不育等疾病的诊治。
以上内容仅供参考,建议查阅泌尿外科专业书籍或咨询专业医生以获取更准确的信息。
泌尿外科医学名词

泌尿外科学urology孤立肾Solitary kidney重复肾Renal duplication, duplex kidney游走肾Movable kidney肾静脉栓塞Thrombosis of renal vein肾动脉狭窄Stenosis of renal artery单纯肾囊肿Simple cyst of kidney先天性肾囊性疾病Congenital renal cystic disease肾盂旁囊肿Parapelvic cyst肾损伤Injury of kidney肾裂伤Laceration of kidney肾蒂断裂Rupture of renal pedicle肾积水Hydronephrosis肾脓肿Renal abscess临床肾结核Clinical renal tuberculosis腔内泌尿外科学Endourology肾畸形Deformity of kidney马蹄形肾Horseshoe kidney肾下垂Nephroptosis肾外型肾盂Extrarenal pelvis肾旋转异常Renal malrotation肾动静脉瘘Renal arteriovenous fistula肾动脉栓塞Thrombosis of renal artery肾囊肿Cyst of kidney多囊肾Polycystic kidney肾挫伤Contusion of kidney肾破裂Rupture of kidney肾穿透伤Penetrating injury of kidney肾梗塞Renal infarction巨大肾积水Giant hydronephrosis肾积脓pyonephrosis病理性肾结核Pathological renal tuberculosis肾结核对侧肾积水Renal tuberculosis with Controlateral hydronephrosis 海绵肾Medullary sponge kidney肾肿瘤Tumor of kidney肾皮质腺瘤Renal cortical adenoma肾盂乳头状瘤Papilloma of renal pelvis肾实质癌Carcinoma of renal parenchyma肾透明细胞癌Clear cell carcinoma of kidney肾腺癌Adenocarcinoma of kidney肾鳞状细胞癌Squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis肾切开术Nephrotomy肾盂切开术Pyelotomy肾切除术Nephrectomy经皮肾造瘘术Percutanous nephrostomy肾造瘘术Nephrostomy根治性肾切除术Radical nephrectomy肾盂输尿管松解术Pelvioureterolysis腹膜后淋巴结切除术Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy肾动脉栓塞术Embolization of renal artery肾鹿角状结石Staghorn stone of kidney肾萎缩Renal atrophy输尿管扩张Dilatation of ureter巨输尿管Megaloureter输尿管畸形Deformity of ureter重复肾盂Duplication of pelvis输尿管开口异位Ectopia of ureteral orifice腔静脉后输尿管Retrocaval ureter输尿管脱垂Ureterocele正常位输尿管膨出Orthotopic ureterocele肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤Hamartoma of kidney,Angiomyolipoma 肾良性肿瘤Binign renal tumor肾脂肪瘤Lipoma of kidney肾纤维瘤Renal fibroma肾腺瘤Adenoma of kidney肾盂移行细胞癌transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis肾盂肿瘤tumor of renal pelvis肾癌renal carcinoma肾细胞癌renal cell carcinoma肾颗粒细胞癌granular cell carcinoma of kidney肾母细胞瘤wilms tumor,nephroblastoma肾肉瘤sarcoma of kidney肾盂癌carcinoma of renal pelvis肾盂乳头状癌papillary carcinoma of renal pelvis肾切开取石术nephrolithotomy肾盂切开取石术pyelolithotomy肾-肾盂造瘘术nephropyelostomy肾部分切除术partial nephrectomy肾盂造瘘术pyelostomy肾自截autonephrectomy包膜下肾切除术subcapsular nephrectomy肾输尿管切除术nephro-ureterectomy肾固定术nephropexy剖腰探查术exploratory lumbotomy重复输尿管duplication of ureter输尿管积水hydroureter输尿管损伤injury of ureter输尿管瘘ureteral fistula输尿管结核tubculosis of ureter输尿管乳头状瘤papilloma of ureter输尿管移行细胞癌transitional cell carcinoma of ureter输尿管切开术ureterotomy输尿管松解术ureterolysis输尿管造瘘术ureterostomy输尿管-肠-皮肤尿流改道术uretero-enterocutaneous diversion 离断性肾盂输尿管成形术dismembered ureteropelvioplasty输尿管肾盂吻合术ureteroneopyelostomy输尿管切除术ureterectomy输尿管输尿管吻合术ureteroureterostomy阑尾输尿管成形术appendix ureteroplasty输尿管移植术transplantation of ureter输尿管梗阻ureteral obstruction肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄stricture of uretero-pelvic junction输尿管痛ureteral colic膀胱憩室diverticulum of bladder膀胱挫伤contusion of bladder腹膜内膀胱破裂intraperitoneal rupture of bladder膀胱瘘vesical fistula细菌性膀胱炎bacterial cystitis膀胱结核tuberculosis of bladder膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤pheochromocytoma of bladder膀胱乳头状癌papillary carcinoma of bladder输尿管肾盂交接处梗阻obstruction at ureteropelvic junction 先天性巨输尿管congenital megaloureter反流性巨输尿管reflux megaloureter输尿管肠瘘uretero-enteric fistula输尿管肿瘤tumor of ureter输尿管癌carcinoma of ureter输尿管乳头状癌papillary carcinoma of ureter输尿管皮肤造瘘术cutaneous ureterostomy输尿管切开取石术ureterolithotomy输尿管口切开术ureteral meatotomy输尿管回肠皮肤尿流改道术ureteroileal cutaneous diversion输尿管回肠吻合术ureterosigmoidostomy,ureterosigmoid anastomosis输尿管结肠吻合术uretero-colic anastomosis输尿管膀胱吻合术ureteroneocystostomy输尿管皮肤尿流改道术uretero-cutaneous diversion输尿管结石calculus of ureter输尿管狭窄stricture of ureter输尿管口狭窄stricture of uretero-vesical orifice膀胱输尿管反流vesicoureteral reflux膀胱损伤injury of bladder膀胱破裂rupture of bladder膀胱腹膜外破裂extraperitoneal rupture of bladder膀胱阴道瘘vesicovaginal fistula膀胱肿瘤tumor of bladder膀胱乳头状瘤papilloma of bladder膀胱癌carcinoma of bladder膀胱原位癌bladder carcinoma in situ膀胱移行细胞瘤transitional cell carcinoma of bladder膀胱鳞状细胞瘤squamous cell carcinoma of bladder膀胱腺癌adenocarcinoma of bladder膀胱憩室内结石calculus in diverticulum of bladder经尿道膀胱颈切开术transurethral vesical neck incision耻骨上膀胱造口术suprapubic cystostomy膀胱憩室切除术vesical diverticulectomy膀胱切除术cystectomy膀胱全切除术total cystectomy膀胱尿道吻合术vesicourethral anastomosis膀胱灌注irrigation of bladder经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术transurethral resection of bladder tumor 回肠膀胱术ileal conduit, Bricker operation乙状结肠膀胱扩大术sigmoid augumentation cystoplasty回肠膀胱尿流改道术ileal conduit diversion髂腹股沟淋巴结切除术ilioinquinal lymphadenectomy膀胱异物foreign body in bladder膀胱孪缩contracture of bladder尿道口狭窄meatal stenosis尿道下裂hypospadias尿道损伤injury of urethra尿道瘘urethral fistula尿道直肠瘘urethro-rectal fistula尿道阴道瘘urethro-vaginal fistula神经源性膀胱neurogenic bladder尿道机械性梗阻mechanical obstruction of urinary tract尿道综合症urethral syndrome非淋菌性尿道炎non-gonococcal urethritis衣原体性尿道炎chlamydial urethritis尿道尖锐湿疣condylomata acuminata of urethra尿道肉阜urethral caruncle尿道息肉polyp of urethra尿道球腺囊肿cyst of cowper gland尿道癌carcinoma of urethra膀胱肉瘤sarcoma of bladder膀胱结石vesical calculus耻骨上膀胱穿刺吸引术suprapubic needle aspiration of bladder耻骨上膀胱切开取石术suprapubic cystolithotomy膀胱切开取石术cystolithotomy, cystolithectomy膀胱部分切除术partial cystectomy根治性膀胱切除术radical cystectomy可控性回肠膀胱术continent ileal reservoir, kock pouch经皮膀胱造口术percutanous cystostomy尿流改道术diversion of urine, urinary diversion回肠膀胱扩大术Ileum augmentation cystoplasty,ileo-cystoplasty 膀胱前列腺切除术cystoprostatectomy尿道狭窄urethral stricture尿道瓣膜urethral valve尿道憩室urethral diverticulum尿道皮肤瘘urethrocutaneous fistula尿道皮肤瘘urethrocutaneous fistula尿道瘘urinary fistula尿道异物foreign body in urethra尿道结石calculus of urethra压力性尿失禁stress incontinence神经性膀胱nervous bladder尿道探子urethral sounding尿道炎urethritis细菌性尿道炎bacterial urethritis淋菌性尿道炎gonococcal urethritis尿道结核tuberculosis of urethra尿道肿瘤tumor of urethra尿道口切开术urethral meatotomy经尿道尿道瓣膜切除术transurethral resection of urethral valve尿道膀胱固定术urethrovesicopexy经尿道外括约肌切开术transurethral sphincterotomy尿道会师术reconstruction of ruptured urethra by Bank method尿道狭窄扩张术dilatation of urethral stricture尿道切除术urethrectomy尿道内切开术internal urethrotomy肾上腺切除术adrenalectomy皮质醇增生症hypercortisolism经尿道前列腺切除综合症transurethral prostatic resection syndrome 慢性前列腺纤维化chronic fibrosis of prostate前列腺炎prostatitis前列腺肿瘤tumor of prostate前列腺腺癌adenocarcinoma of prostate前列腺癌carcinoma of prostate前列腺切除术prostatectomy耻骨后前列腺切除术retropubic prostatectomy经尿道前列腺切开术transurethral incision of prostate电切镜resectoscope泌尿生殖隔urogenital diaphragm尿路上皮urothelium尿路梗阻urinary tract obstruction泌尿生殖器外伤genitourinary trauma尿道成形术urethroplasty尿道口成形术urethral meatoplasty压力性尿失禁悬吊术sling procedure for stress incontinence尿道口前移阴茎头成形术meatal advancement and glandular plasty 尿道前移术urethral advancement嗜铬细胞瘤pheochromocytoma原发性醛固酮增生症primary aldosteronism肾上腺非功能性皮脂腺瘤nonfunctional adrenocortical adenoma前列腺增生症hyperplasia of prostate前列腺按摩message of prostate细菌性前列腺炎bacterial prostatitis淋菌性前列腺炎gonococcal prostatitis耻骨上前列腺切除术suprapubic prostatectomy经尿道前列腺切除术transurethral prostatic resection根治性前列腺切除术radical prostatectomy尿路上皮肿瘤urothlial tumor尿路感染urinary tract infection泌尿生殖系统urogenital system精液囊肿seminal cyst, spermatocele精索扭转torsion of spermatic cord精索静脉曲张varicocele精囊炎seminal vesiculitis输精管结核tuberculosis of vas deferens精囊切除术seminal vesiculectomy输精管结扎术vasoligation输精管输精管吻合术vasovasostomy阴囊挫伤contusion of scrotum阴囊肿瘤tumor of scrotum睾丸鞘膜积液hydrocele of testis先天性鞘膜积液congenital hydrocele混合型鞘膜积液combination hydrocele脐尿管urachus脐尿管瘘fistula of urachus脐尿管囊肿urachal cyst脐尿管疾病dieases of urachus脐尿管癌carcinoma of urachus包茎phimosis小阴茎micropenis阴茎挫伤contusion of penis输精管切除术vasectomy精液囊肿切除术spermatocelectomy生殖器疱疹genital herpes交通性鞘膜积液communicating hydrocele阴囊血肿hematoma of scrotum脐尿管腺癌adenocarcinoma of urachus阴茎折断fracture of penis嵌顿包茎paraphimosis阴茎损伤injury of penis阴茎血肿hematoma of penis包皮变应性水肿allergic edema of prepuce包皮垢smegma阴茎勃起erection of penis阴茎纤维性海绵体炎fibrous cavernositis of penis 阴茎血管瘤penile angioma阴茎癌carcinoma of penis阴茎鳞状细胞瘤squamous cell carcinoma of penis 包皮背侧切开术dorsal slit of prepuce阴茎切除术penectomy阴茎再造术reconstruction of penis睾丸发育不全hypoplasia of testis睾丸下降不全incomplete orchiocatabasis回缩睾丸retracted testis克兰费尔特综合症klinefelter syndrome睾丸萎缩atrophy of testis睾丸挫伤contusion of testis死精症necrospermia睾酮testosterone阳萎impotence睾丸炎orchitis腮腺炎性睾丸炎mumps orchitis睾丸精原细胞瘤seminoma of testis睾丸非生殖细胞瘤non-germinal cell tumor of testis 睾丸生殖细胞瘤germinal cell tumor of testis睾丸癌carcinoma of testis睾丸畸胎瘤teratocarcinoma of testis睾丸绒毛膜瘤choriocarcinoma of testis睾丸切除术orchiectomy附睾炎epididymitis附睾肿瘤tumor of epididymis包皮过长redundant prepuce阴茎肿瘤tumor of penis阴茎癌前期病precancerous lesion of penis阴茎鳞状细胞瘤squamous cell carcinoma of penis包皮环切术circumcision阴茎截断术amputation of penis人工阴茎penile prosthesis睾丸附件testicular adnexa隐睾症cryptorchidism睾丸损伤injury of testis早泄prospermia,premature ejaculation血管性阳痿vasculogenic impotence附睾睾丸炎epididymo-orchitis睾丸肿瘤tumor of testis非精原细胞瘤non seminoma睾丸畸胎瘤teratoma of testis睾丸胚胎癌embryonal carcinoma of testis附睾结核tubculosis of epididymis附睾腺瘤adenoma of epididymis遗尿症enuresis尿流中断interruption of urinary stream排尿困难difficulty of urination漏尿leakage of urination充溢性尿失禁overflow incontinence尿末滴沥terminal dribbling尿毒症uremia男性泌尿生殖系结核tuberculosis of male genital-urinary system 肾血管性高血压renal vascular hypertension血性精液hemospermia无精子症azoospermia逆行射精retrograde ejaculation不育sterility尿流率测定uroflometry尿道抬举试验marshall-marchetti test经尿道活检transurethral biopsy经会阴活检transperineal biopsy排泄性尿路造excretory urography,intravenous pyelography肾盂输尿管造影术pyeloureterography肾血管造影术renal angiography经皮肾动脉造影术seldinger technique of renal angiography肾静脉造影术renal venography顺行肾盂造影术antegrade pyelography肾盂镜检查术pyeloscopy输尿管镜检查术ureteroscopy逆行膀胱造影术retrograde cystography排泄性膀胱造影术excretory cystography附睾切除术epididymectomy夜间遗尿症nocturnal enuresis排尿反射micturition reflex排尿犹豫hesitancy in urination尿外渗urinary extravasation假性尿失禁false incontinence女性尿失禁female incontinence剩余尿residual urine结晶尿crystalluria肾小球性血尿glomerular hematuria排尿指数micturition index遗精nocturnal emission精子减少[症] oligospermia手淫masturbation泌尿外科检查urologic examination尿流动力学检查urodynamic study膀胱测压cystometry夜间阴茎勃起试验nocturnal penile tumescence test经直肠活检transrectal biopsy尿道造影[术] urography逆行肾盂造影术retrograde urography,retrograde pyelography 肾动脉造影术renal arteriography选择性肾动脉造影术selected renal arteriography经股静脉插管transfemoral catheterization of femoral vein腹主-肾动脉造影术abdominal aorto-renal arteriography经尿道输尿管肾盂镜检查术transurethral ureteropeyloscopy输尿管肾镜ureterorenoscope输尿管肾盂造影术ureteropyelography膀胱造影术cystography膀胱尿道造影术cysto-urethrography膀胱冲洗法bladder washout method膀胱镜cystoscope逆行尿道造影术retrograde urethrography尿道镜urethroscope导尿术urethral catheterization,catheterization输精管造影术vasography阴茎海绵体造影术cavernosography肾图renography液电碎石术electrohydraulic lithotripsy经皮肾镜取石术percutaneous nephrolithotomy性行为sexual behavior性功能sexual function男性不育症male infertility精液semen高肾素型高血压high renin hypertension多尿型肾衰竭polyuric renal failure去梗阻后利尿postobstructive diuresis体外动静脉短路external arterio-venous shunt绒毛膜促性腺激素chorionic-gonodotropin hormone动力性尿路梗阻dynamic obstruction of urinary tract腹股沟疝inguinal hernia膀胱镜cystoscopy尿道造影术urethrography排泄性尿道造[术] excretory urethrography尿道膀胱造影[术] urethrocystography尿道镜检查[术] urethroscopy间歇性导尿intermittent catheterization淋巴系造影[术] lymphography输精管精囊造[术] vaso-seminal vesiculography输精管附睾造影[术] vasoepididymography精囊造影[术] seminal vesiculography附睾造影[术] epididymography超声碎石术ultrasonic lithotripsy体外冲击波碎石术extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy 性活动sexual activity精子spermatozoon男性性功能障碍male sexual dysfunction性腺功能减退症hypogonadism少尿型肾衰竭oliguric renal failure渗透性利尿osmotic diuresis组织相容性试验histocompatibility test性染色体sex chromosome射精ejaculation特发性腹膜后纤维化idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis 细胞调亡apoptosis腹膜后纤维化retroperitoneal fibrosis憩室diverticulum动静脉瘘arteriovenous fistula剖腹探查术exploratory laparotomy冷冻疗法cryotherapy畸胎瘤teratoma肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄stricture of pyeloureteric junction 孤立性肾囊肿solitary renal cyst闭合伤closed injury肾移植renal transplantation肾上腺移植adrenal transplantation组织相容性histocompatibility超急性排斥反hyperacute rejection慢性排斥反应chronic rejection单克隆抗体monoclonal antibody麻醉anesthsia白细胞介素Interleukin尸体肾移植cadaveric renal transplantation疤痕scar端侧吻合术end-to-side anastomosis息肉polyp腹腔镜检查术laparoscopy错构瘤hamartoma重肾双输尿管duplication of kidney and ureter 合并伤associated injury器官移植organ transplantation急性肾小管坏死acute tubular necrosis睾丸移植testis transplantation排斥反应rejection急性排斥反应acute rejection免疫抑制immunosuppression多克隆抗体polyclonal antibody感染infection乳头状瘤papilloma端端吻合术end-to-end anastomosis。
【外科复习资料】_泌尿外科名解整理

泌尿外科名词解释整理肾绞痛renal colic由肾盂输尿管连接处或输尿管急性梗阻、扩张引起的疼痛为肾绞痛。
其特点是绞痛,呈阵发性,剧烈难忍,辗转不安、大汗,伴恶心、呕吐膀胱过度过动症overactive bladder,OAB以尿急为特征,伴有尿频和夜尿,可伴有或不伴有急迫性尿失禁,此症候群称为膀胱过度活动症持续性尿失禁又称真性尿失禁,是指尿液持续地昼夜从膀胱或泌尿道瘘中流出,几乎没有正常的排尿,膀胱呈空虚状态。
常见的原因为外伤、手术或先天性疾病引起的膀胱颈和尿道括约肌损伤。
充溢性尿失禁又称假性尿失禁,是指膀胱功能完全失代偿,膀胱呈慢性扩张,并且从未完全排空,当膀胱过度充盈后,尿液会不断溢出。
夜间多见。
各种原因所致的慢性尿潴留均可能出现这种症状急迫性尿失禁严重的尿频、尿急而膀胱不受意识控制就开始排尿,通常继发于膀胱炎、神经源性膀胱以及重度膀胱出口梗阻。
这类尿失禁可能由膀胱的不随意收缩引起压力性尿失禁当腹内压突然增高(咳嗽、喷嚏、大笑、运动等)时,尿液不随意地流出。
这是由于膀胱和尿道之间正常解剖关系改变,使腹内压突然增加时传导至膀胱和尿道的压力不等,膀胱压力增高而没有相应的尿道阻力增加,从而产生漏尿。
另外,也与盆底肌肉松弛有关,也见于根治性前列腺切除术的病人。
遗尿enuresis是指除正常自主性排尿外,睡眠中出现无意识的排尿。
新生儿及婴幼儿为生理性,3岁以后除功能性外,可因神经源性膀胱、感染、后尿道瓣膜等病理性因素引起。
肾挫伤损伤仅局限于部分肾实质,形成肾瘀斑和(或)包膜下血肿,肾包膜及肾盏肾盂黏膜完整。
损伤涉及肾集合系统可有少量血尿导尿试验用于检查膀胱破裂。
导尿管插入膀胱后,如引流出300ml以上的清亮尿液,基本上可以排除膀胱破裂;如无尿液导出或仅少量血尿,则膀胱破裂的可能性大。
此时可经导尿管向膀胱内注入灭菌生理盐水200~300ml,片刻后再吸出。
液体外漏时吸出量会减少,腹腔液体回流时吸出量会增多。
泌尿外科专业介绍及泌尿系统手术分类

膀胱癌
症状
无痛性肉眼血尿、尿频、尿急、尿痛等。
诊断方法
B超、CT、MRI等影像学检查,膀胱镜检查及活检,尿液细胞学检查等。
前列腺癌
症状
排尿困难、尿频、尿急、尿痛等。
诊断方法
直肠指检、血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)检测、超声、MRI等影像学检查,前列腺穿刺活检等。
其他常见疾病
01
02
03
04
尿路感染
泌尿外科专业介绍 及泌尿系统手术分 类
目录
• 泌尿外科专业概述 • 泌尿系统解剖与生理 • 泌尿系统常见疾病及诊断方法 • 泌尿系统手术分类及适应症 • 围手术期管理与并发症防治 • 总结与展望
01
CATALOGUE
泌尿外科专业概述
定义与发展历程
定义
泌尿外科是医学的一个分支,专门研 究泌尿系统疾病的诊断、治疗和预防 。
膀胱内部结构
膀胱内部包括粘膜层、肌层和浆膜 层,具有储存尿液和排尿的功能。
膀胱生理功能
膀胱的主要功能是储存尿液和排尿 ,通过逼尿肌的收缩和舒张实现排 尿过程。
尿道解剖与生理功能
尿道位置与形态
尿道起始于膀胱颈部,终于尿道外口 ,女性尿道短而直,男性尿道长而弯 曲。
尿道内部结构
尿道生理功能
尿道的主要功能是排尿和射精(男性 ),通过尿道括约肌的收缩和舒张控 制尿液和精液的排出。
症状包括尿频、尿急、尿痛等 ,诊断方法包括尿液分析、细
菌培养等。
肾盂肾炎
症状包括高热、寒战、腰痛等 ,诊断方法包括尿液分析、血
液检查、影像学检查等。
肾囊肿
症状包括腰部不适、血尿等, 诊断方法包括B超、CT等影像
学检查。
尿道狭窄
泌尿外科名词解释

包茎〔phimosis〕是指阴茎包皮完全覆盖龟头而且包皮外口狭小,包皮不能上翻至冠状沟。
多数为先天性的,局部病人亦可因包皮外伤、反复感染等原因引起。
包皮过长〔redundant prepuce〕是指包皮完全覆盖龟头,但包皮能自由向上翻转及复位。
多尿〔polyuria〕正常成人每天尿量在1500ml 左右,假设每天尿量经常>2500ml 时,并伴随排尿次数增多者称为多尿。
多尿主要由肾脏浓缩功能障碍所致,常见于尿崩症、糖尿病、原发性醛固酮增多症及肾脏疾患等。
儿茶酚胺症意为体内儿茶酚胺分泌过多所致的综合征,包括嗜铬细胞瘤和肾上腺髓质增生两种疾病,后者极为罕见,其临床病像与嗜铬细胞瘤极为相似。
精索静脉曲张〔cirsocele〕系精索的静脉回流受阻或瓣膜闭锁不全而使血液倒流淤滞,导致蔓状静脉丛迂曲扩张。
多见于青壮年。
绝大多数发生在左侧。
尿道上裂〔epispadia〕是一种尿道的先天性发育异常,在胚胎第8 周时,生殖结节始基向后移位过多,以致尿生殖窦末端连接的尿生殖沟位置靠前,如尿生殖沟不在中线集合,就成为尿道上裂。
尿道下裂〔hypospadia〕是一种最常见的先天性尿道畸形,在胚胎第7 周时,生殖结节腹侧面尿道沟两旁的尿道皱襞逐渐融合形成一完整的尿道。
如在尿道发育中,尿道沟两侧尿道皱襞的正常融合受到障碍,那么出现临床所见的不同程度的先天性尿道下裂。
女性尿道下裂罕见。
尿频〔Urinary frequency〕指排尿次数明显增多,每次尿量减少而每日尿量正常。
尿失禁〔Urinary incontinence〕在清醒状态下尿液不由自主从尿道口流出或渗出称为尿失禁。
尿痛〔urodynia〕排尿时或排尿末尿道内或膀胱区疼痛称为尿痛,常与尿频、尿急合并存在。
尿痛多为下尿路炎症,引起膀胱或尿道的痉挛性收缩所致,表现为会阴部、膀胱区及尿道内挛缩样或烧灼样疼痛。
脓尿〔pyuria〕脓尿是指尿液中出现大量的脓细胞,严重者病人排出的尿液伴有脓块,呈混浊状。
泌尿外科名词概念解释

名词概念解释1膀胱刺激征?尿频、尿急、尿痛同时存在,三者合成称膀胱刺激征;2镜下血尿借助显微镜见到尿液中含红细胞。
离心尿液每高倍镜视野中红细胞>3个3多尿,少尿,无尿多尿:3000~5000ml/日、少尿:<400ml/日;无尿:<100ml/日;4终末血尿,初始血尿,全程血尿终末血尿:见于排尿中末端的肉眼血尿,初始血尿:排尿起始段的肉眼血尿,全层血尿:见于排尿全层的肉眼血尿,5 ED勃起功能障碍(ED):持续或反复不能达到或维持足够阴茎勃起以完成满意性生活。
6 PSA , fPSA , tPSA , PSA密度①PSA(前列腺特异性抗原):是一种含有237个氨基酸的单链糖蛋白,由前列腺腺泡和导管上皮细胞分泌,具有前列腺组织特异性。
正常:血清PSA 0~4ng/ml 男性;血清PSA>10/ml 高度怀疑前列腺癌。
②fSAD(游离前列腺特异性抗原),③tPSA(总前列腺特异性抗原) ,④PSA密度(PSAD)7尿三杯试验以排尿最初的5~10ml尿为第一杯,以排尿最后的10ml为地三杯,中间部分为第二杯。
收集时尿流应连续不断。
8尿流动力学借助流体力学及电生理学方法研究和测定尿路输送、储存、排出尿液的功能,为分析排尿障碍的原因、选择治疗方式及评定疗效提供客观依据。
通过经皮肾盂穿刺灌注测压或尿路造影时动态影像学观察上尿路尿动力学变化。
9多囊肾一种先天性遗传性疾病,初期肾内仅有少数几个囊肿,以后发展为全肾布满大小不等囊肿,压迫肾实质,使肾单位减少。
10-多发肾囊肿是最常见的伸张异常,任何年龄均可发生,常偶然发现。
可以是先天的,在胚胎时期形成,可以是创伤、炎性、肿瘤等引起。
往往无家族史,囊肿内含体液(血浆)、其中那个红细胞等一般不会出现高血压,肾功能不全。
11蹄铁(马蹄)性肾两肾下极在腹主动脉和下腔静脉前相互融合,形成马蹄形畸形。
12UPJO(肾输尿管连接处梗阻)主要是壁层肌肉内螺旋结构的改变,可能是先天性缺陷或由于外在因素如迷走血管、纤维束带对肾盂输尿管连接处的压迫造成梗阻,使肾盂蠕动波无法通过,组建引起肾盂积水。
泌尿、男生殖系统

8 .漏尿 指尿不经尿道口而由泌尿道瘘口中流出, 如输尿管阴道瘘、膀胱或尿道阴道瘘、脐尿道瘘、 先天性输尿管异位开口及膀胱外翻等。病人经阴道 漏尿时常自称尿失禁,应予以鉴别。 9 .遗尿 除正常自主性排尿外,睡眠中无意识地 排尿。新生儿及婴幼儿为生理性, 3 岁以后除功能 性外,可因神经源性膀胱、感染、后尿道瓣膜等病 理性因素引起,应予泌尿系统检查。
三、诊断性器械检查 1、导尿管 按材料、形状、大小、用途等有各种类 型导尿管,目前最常用的是气囊(Foley)导尿管。 以法制( F )为计量单位, 21F 表示其周径为 21mm,直径为7mm 。用于测定残余尿、注入造影 剂确定有无膀胱损伤或引流尿液、解除尿潴留等。 使用 Foley 导尿管,在气囊充气或水之前,必须先 确认导尿管尖端已进入膀胱。否则因气囊位于后尿 道,并予以充气或水,常造成后尿道损伤而出血。 残余尿测定应在病人排尽尿后立即插入导尿管进行。 正常时无残余尿。
2 、膀胱痛
由于急性尿潴留所致膀胱过度扩张,疼痛发生于膀 胱附近的耻骨上区域。但慢性尿潴留即使膀胱平脐, 亦可不引起疼痛,或略感不适。 由于膀胱感染,疼痛常呈锐痛、烧灼痛,在男性通 常放射至尿道阴茎部的远端,而女性则放射至整个 尿道。
3 、前列腺痛 由于急性炎症可引起会阴、直肠、腰骶部疼痛,有 时可牵涉及耻骨上区、腹股沟区及睾丸。 4 、阴囊痛 由睾丸或附睾病变引起,包括外伤、精索扭转、睾 丸或附睾附属物扭转以及感染,附睾炎为最多见。 睾丸扭转和急性附睾炎时,均可引起阴囊剧烈疼痛, 两者需予进一步鉴别。睾丸痛亦可由于肾绞痛或前 列腺炎症放射引起。
逆行肾盂造影 顺行肾盂造影 膀胱尿道造影:采用导尿管置入膀胱或尿道 后注入造影剂,可显示膀胱形态及其病变如 损伤、畸形、瘘管、及膀胱肿瘤等。排泄相 可显示膀胱输尿管回流及尿道病变。 血管造影:血管造影的方法有直接穿刺、经 皮动脉穿刺插管、选择性肾动脉、静脉造影 以及数字减影血管造影( DSA )。适用于肾 血管疾病、肾损伤、肾实质肿瘤等。可对晚 期肾肿瘤进行栓塞治疗。
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泌尿外科学urology孤立肾Solitary kidney重复肾Renal duplication, duplex kidney游走肾Movable kidney肾静脉栓塞Thrombosis of renal vein肾动脉狭窄Stenosis of renal artery单纯肾囊肿Simple cyst of kidney先天性肾囊性疾病Congenital renal cystic disease肾盂旁囊肿Parapelvic cyst肾损伤Injury of kidney肾裂伤Laceration of kidney肾蒂断裂Rupture of renal pedicle肾积水Hydronephrosis肾脓肿Renal abscess临床肾结核Clinical renal tuberculosis腔内泌尿外科学Endourology肾畸形Deformity of kidney马蹄形肾Horseshoe kidney肾下垂Nephroptosis肾外型肾盂Extrarenal pelvis肾旋转异常Renal malrotation肾动静脉瘘Renal arteriovenous fistula肾动脉栓塞Thrombosis of renal artery肾囊肿Cyst of kidney多囊肾Polycystic kidney肾挫伤Contusion of kidney肾破裂Rupture of kidney肾穿透伤Penetrating injury of kidney肾梗塞Renal infarction巨大肾积水Giant hydronephrosis肾积脓pyonephrosis病理性肾结核Pathological renal tuberculosis肾结核对侧肾积水Renal tuberculosis with Controlateral hydronephrosis 海绵肾Medullary sponge kidney肾肿瘤Tumor of kidney肾皮质腺瘤Renal cortical adenoma肾盂乳头状瘤Papilloma of renal pelvis肾实质癌Carcinoma of renal parenchyma肾透明细胞癌Clear cell carcinoma of kidney肾腺癌Adenocarcinoma of kidney肾鳞状细胞癌Squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis肾切开术Nephrotomy肾盂切开术Pyelotomy肾切除术Nephrectomy经皮肾造瘘术Percutanous nephrostomy肾造瘘术Nephrostomy根治性肾切除术Radical nephrectomy肾盂输尿管松解术Pelvioureterolysis腹膜后淋巴结切除术Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy肾动脉栓塞术Embolization of renal artery肾鹿角状结石Staghorn stone of kidney肾萎缩Renal atrophy输尿管扩张Dilatation of ureter巨输尿管Megaloureter输尿管畸形Deformity of ureter重复肾盂Duplication of pelvis输尿管开口异位Ectopia of ureteral orifice腔静脉后输尿管Retrocaval ureter输尿管脱垂Ureterocele正常位输尿管膨出Orthotopic ureterocele肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤Hamartoma of kidney,Angiomyolipoma 肾良性肿瘤Binign renal tumor肾脂肪瘤Lipoma of kidney肾纤维瘤Renal fibroma肾腺瘤Adenoma of kidney肾盂移行细胞癌transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis肾盂肿瘤tumor of renal pelvis肾癌renal carcinoma肾细胞癌renal cell carcinoma肾颗粒细胞癌granular cell carcinoma of kidney肾母细胞瘤wilms tumor,nephroblastoma肾肉瘤sarcoma of kidney肾盂癌carcinoma of renal pelvis肾盂乳头状癌papillary carcinoma of renal pelvis肾切开取石术nephrolithotomy肾盂切开取石术pyelolithotomy肾-肾盂造瘘术nephropyelostomy肾部分切除术partial nephrectomy肾盂造瘘术pyelostomy肾自截autonephrectomy包膜下肾切除术subcapsular nephrectomy肾输尿管切除术nephro-ureterectomy肾固定术nephropexy剖腰探查术exploratory lumbotomy重复输尿管duplication of ureter输尿管积水hydroureter输尿管损伤injury of ureter输尿管瘘ureteral fistula输尿管结核tubculosis of ureter输尿管乳头状瘤papilloma of ureter输尿管移行细胞癌transitional cell carcinoma of ureter输尿管切开术ureterotomy输尿管松解术ureterolysis输尿管造瘘术ureterostomy输尿管-肠-皮肤尿流改道术uretero-enterocutaneous diversion 离断性肾盂输尿管成形术dismembered ureteropelvioplasty输尿管肾盂吻合术ureteroneopyelostomy输尿管切除术ureterectomy输尿管输尿管吻合术ureteroureterostomy阑尾输尿管成形术appendix ureteroplasty输尿管移植术transplantation of ureter输尿管梗阻ureteral obstruction肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄stricture of uretero-pelvic junction输尿管痛ureteral colic膀胱憩室diverticulum of bladder膀胱挫伤contusion of bladder腹膜内膀胱破裂intraperitoneal rupture of bladder膀胱瘘vesical fistula细菌性膀胱炎bacterial cystitis膀胱结核tuberculosis of bladder膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤pheochromocytoma of bladder膀胱乳头状癌papillary carcinoma of bladder输尿管肾盂交接处梗阻obstruction at ureteropelvic junction 先天性巨输尿管congenital megaloureter反流性巨输尿管reflux megaloureter输尿管肠瘘uretero-enteric fistula输尿管肿瘤tumor of ureter输尿管癌carcinoma of ureter输尿管乳头状癌papillary carcinoma of ureter输尿管皮肤造瘘术cutaneous ureterostomy输尿管切开取石术ureterolithotomy输尿管口切开术ureteral meatotomy输尿管回肠皮肤尿流改道术ureteroileal cutaneous diversion输尿管回肠吻合术ureterosigmoidostomy,ureterosigmoid anastomosis输尿管结肠吻合术uretero-colic anastomosis输尿管膀胱吻合术ureteroneocystostomy输尿管皮肤尿流改道术uretero-cutaneous diversion输尿管结石calculus of ureter输尿管狭窄stricture of ureter输尿管口狭窄stricture of uretero-vesical orifice膀胱输尿管反流vesicoureteral reflux膀胱损伤injury of bladder膀胱破裂rupture of bladder膀胱腹膜外破裂extraperitoneal rupture of bladder膀胱阴道瘘vesicovaginal fistula膀胱肿瘤tumor of bladder膀胱乳头状瘤papilloma of bladder膀胱癌carcinoma of bladder膀胱原位癌bladder carcinoma in situ膀胱移行细胞瘤transitional cell carcinoma of bladder膀胱鳞状细胞瘤squamous cell carcinoma of bladder膀胱腺癌adenocarcinoma of bladder膀胱憩室内结石calculus in diverticulum of bladder经尿道膀胱颈切开术transurethral vesical neck incision耻骨上膀胱造口术suprapubic cystostomy膀胱憩室切除术vesical diverticulectomy膀胱切除术cystectomy膀胱全切除术total cystectomy膀胱尿道吻合术vesicourethral anastomosis膀胱灌注irrigation of bladder经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术transurethral resection of bladder tumor 回肠膀胱术ileal conduit, Bricker operation乙状结肠膀胱扩大术sigmoid augumentation cystoplasty回肠膀胱尿流改道术ileal conduit diversion髂腹股沟淋巴结切除术ilioinquinal lymphadenectomy膀胱异物foreign body in bladder膀胱孪缩contracture of bladder尿道口狭窄meatal stenosis尿道下裂hypospadias尿道损伤injury of urethra尿道瘘urethral fistula尿道直肠瘘urethro-rectal fistula尿道阴道瘘urethro-vaginal fistula神经源性膀胱neurogenic bladder尿道机械性梗阻mechanical obstruction of urinary tract尿道综合症urethral syndrome非淋菌性尿道炎non-gonococcal urethritis衣原体性尿道炎chlamydial urethritis尿道尖锐湿疣condylomata acuminata of urethra尿道肉阜urethral caruncle尿道息肉polyp of urethra尿道球腺囊肿cyst of cowper gland尿道癌carcinoma of urethra膀胱肉瘤sarcoma of bladder膀胱结石vesical calculus耻骨上膀胱穿刺吸引术suprapubic needle aspiration of bladder耻骨上膀胱切开取石术suprapubic cystolithotomy膀胱切开取石术cystolithotomy, cystolithectomy膀胱部分切除术partial cystectomy根治性膀胱切除术radical cystectomy可控性回肠膀胱术continent ileal reservoir, kock pouch经皮膀胱造口术percutanous cystostomy尿流改道术diversion of urine, urinary diversion回肠膀胱扩大术Ileum augmentation cystoplasty,ileo-cystoplasty 膀胱前列腺切除术cystoprostatectomy尿道狭窄urethral stricture尿道瓣膜urethral valve尿道憩室urethral diverticulum尿道皮肤瘘urethrocutaneous fistula尿道皮肤瘘urethrocutaneous fistula尿道瘘urinary fistula尿道异物foreign body in urethra尿道结石calculus of urethra压力性尿失禁stress incontinence神经性膀胱nervous bladder尿道探子urethral sounding尿道炎urethritis细菌性尿道炎bacterial urethritis淋菌性尿道炎gonococcal urethritis尿道结核tuberculosis of urethra尿道肿瘤tumor of urethra尿道口切开术urethral meatotomy经尿道尿道瓣膜切除术transurethral resection of urethral valve尿道膀胱固定术urethrovesicopexy经尿道外括约肌切开术transurethral sphincterotomy尿道会师术reconstruction of ruptured urethra by Bank method尿道狭窄扩张术dilatation of urethral stricture尿道切除术urethrectomy尿道内切开术internal urethrotomy肾上腺切除术adrenalectomy皮质醇增生症hypercortisolism经尿道前列腺切除综合症transurethral prostatic resection syndrome 慢性前列腺纤维化chronic fibrosis of prostate前列腺炎prostatitis前列腺肿瘤tumor of prostate前列腺腺癌adenocarcinoma of prostate前列腺癌carcinoma of prostate前列腺切除术prostatectomy耻骨后前列腺切除术retropubic prostatectomy经尿道前列腺切开术transurethral incision of prostate电切镜resectoscope泌尿生殖隔urogenital diaphragm尿路上皮urothelium尿路梗阻urinary tract obstruction泌尿生殖器外伤genitourinary trauma尿道成形术urethroplasty尿道口成形术urethral meatoplasty压力性尿失禁悬吊术sling procedure for stress incontinence尿道口前移阴茎头成形术meatal advancement and glandular plasty 尿道前移术urethral advancement嗜铬细胞瘤pheochromocytoma原发性醛固酮增生症primary aldosteronism肾上腺非功能性皮脂腺瘤nonfunctional adrenocortical adenoma前列腺增生症hyperplasia of prostate前列腺按摩message of prostate细菌性前列腺炎bacterial prostatitis淋菌性前列腺炎gonococcal prostatitis耻骨上前列腺切除术suprapubic prostatectomy经尿道前列腺切除术transurethral prostatic resection根治性前列腺切除术radical prostatectomy尿路上皮肿瘤urothlial tumor尿路感染urinary tract infection泌尿生殖系统urogenital system精液囊肿seminal cyst, spermatocele精索扭转torsion of spermatic cord精索静脉曲张varicocele精囊炎seminal vesiculitis输精管结核tuberculosis of vas deferens精囊切除术seminal vesiculectomy输精管结扎术vasoligation输精管输精管吻合术vasovasostomy阴囊挫伤contusion of scrotum阴囊肿瘤tumor of scrotum睾丸鞘膜积液hydrocele of testis先天性鞘膜积液congenital hydrocele混合型鞘膜积液combination hydrocele脐尿管urachus脐尿管瘘fistula of urachus脐尿管囊肿urachal cyst脐尿管疾病dieases of urachus脐尿管癌carcinoma of urachus包茎phimosis小阴茎micropenis阴茎挫伤contusion of penis输精管切除术vasectomy精液囊肿切除术spermatocelectomy生殖器疱疹genital herpes交通性鞘膜积液communicating hydrocele阴囊血肿hematoma of scrotum脐尿管腺癌adenocarcinoma of urachus阴茎折断fracture of penis嵌顿包茎paraphimosis阴茎损伤injury of penis阴茎血肿hematoma of penis包皮变应性水肿allergic edema of prepuce包皮垢smegma阴茎勃起erection of penis阴茎纤维性海绵体炎fibrous cavernositis of penis 阴茎血管瘤penile angioma阴茎癌carcinoma of penis阴茎鳞状细胞瘤squamous cell carcinoma of penis 包皮背侧切开术dorsal slit of prepuce阴茎切除术penectomy阴茎再造术reconstruction of penis睾丸发育不全hypoplasia of testis睾丸下降不全incomplete orchiocatabasis回缩睾丸retracted testis克兰费尔特综合症klinefelter syndrome睾丸萎缩atrophy of testis睾丸挫伤contusion of testis死精症necrospermia睾酮testosterone阳萎impotence睾丸炎orchitis腮腺炎性睾丸炎mumps orchitis睾丸精原细胞瘤seminoma of testis睾丸非生殖细胞瘤non-germinal cell tumor of testis 睾丸生殖细胞瘤germinal cell tumor of testis睾丸癌carcinoma of testis睾丸畸胎瘤teratocarcinoma of testis睾丸绒毛膜瘤choriocarcinoma of testis睾丸切除术orchiectomy附睾炎epididymitis附睾肿瘤tumor of epididymis包皮过长redundant prepuce阴茎肿瘤tumor of penis阴茎癌前期病precancerous lesion of penis阴茎鳞状细胞瘤squamous cell carcinoma of penis包皮环切术circumcision阴茎截断术amputation of penis人工阴茎penile prosthesis睾丸附件testicular adnexa隐睾症cryptorchidism睾丸损伤injury of testis早泄prospermia,premature ejaculation血管性阳痿vasculogenic impotence附睾睾丸炎epididymo-orchitis睾丸肿瘤tumor of testis非精原细胞瘤non seminoma睾丸畸胎瘤teratoma of testis睾丸胚胎癌embryonal carcinoma of testis附睾结核tubculosis of epididymis附睾腺瘤adenoma of epididymis遗尿症enuresis尿流中断interruption of urinary stream排尿困难difficulty of urination漏尿leakage of urination充溢性尿失禁overflow incontinence尿末滴沥terminal dribbling尿毒症uremia男性泌尿生殖系结核tuberculosis of male genital-urinary system 肾血管性高血压renal vascular hypertension血性精液hemospermia无精子症azoospermia逆行射精retrograde ejaculation不育sterility尿流率测定uroflometry尿道抬举试验marshall-marchetti test经尿道活检transurethral biopsy经会阴活检transperineal biopsy排泄性尿路造excretory urography,intravenous pyelography肾盂输尿管造影术pyeloureterography肾血管造影术renal angiography经皮肾动脉造影术seldinger technique of renal angiography肾静脉造影术renal venography顺行肾盂造影术antegrade pyelography肾盂镜检查术pyeloscopy输尿管镜检查术ureteroscopy逆行膀胱造影术retrograde cystography排泄性膀胱造影术excretory cystography附睾切除术epididymectomy夜间遗尿症nocturnal enuresis排尿反射micturition reflex排尿犹豫hesitancy in urination尿外渗urinary extravasation假性尿失禁false incontinence女性尿失禁female incontinence剩余尿residual urine结晶尿crystalluria肾小球性血尿glomerular hematuria排尿指数micturition index遗精nocturnal emission精子减少[症] oligospermia手淫masturbation泌尿外科检查urologic examination尿流动力学检查urodynamic study膀胱测压cystometry夜间阴茎勃起试验nocturnal penile tumescence test经直肠活检transrectal biopsy尿道造影[术] urography逆行肾盂造影术retrograde urography,retrograde pyelography 肾动脉造影术renal arteriography选择性肾动脉造影术selected renal arteriography经股静脉插管transfemoral catheterization of femoral vein腹主-肾动脉造影术abdominal aorto-renal arteriography经尿道输尿管肾盂镜检查术transurethral ureteropeyloscopy输尿管肾镜ureterorenoscope输尿管肾盂造影术ureteropyelography膀胱造影术cystography膀胱尿道造影术cysto-urethrography膀胱冲洗法bladder washout method膀胱镜cystoscope逆行尿道造影术retrograde urethrography尿道镜urethroscope导尿术urethral catheterization,catheterization输精管造影术vasography阴茎海绵体造影术cavernosography肾图renography液电碎石术electrohydraulic lithotripsy经皮肾镜取石术percutaneous nephrolithotomy性行为sexual behavior性功能sexual function男性不育症male infertility精液semen高肾素型高血压high renin hypertension多尿型肾衰竭polyuric renal failure去梗阻后利尿postobstructive diuresis体外动静脉短路external arterio-venous shunt绒毛膜促性腺激素chorionic-gonodotropin hormone动力性尿路梗阻dynamic obstruction of urinary tract腹股沟疝inguinal hernia膀胱镜cystoscopy尿道造影术urethrography排泄性尿道造[术] excretory urethrography尿道膀胱造影[术] urethrocystography尿道镜检查[术] urethroscopy间歇性导尿intermittent catheterization淋巴系造影[术] lymphography输精管精囊造[术] vaso-seminal vesiculography输精管附睾造影[术] vasoepididymography精囊造影[术] seminal vesiculography附睾造影[术] epididymography超声碎石术ultrasonic lithotripsy体外冲击波碎石术extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy 性活动sexual activity精子spermatozoon男性性功能障碍male sexual dysfunction性腺功能减退症hypogonadism少尿型肾衰竭oliguric renal failure渗透性利尿osmotic diuresis组织相容性试验histocompatibility test性染色体sex chromosome射精ejaculation特发性腹膜后纤维化idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis 细胞调亡apoptosis腹膜后纤维化retroperitoneal fibrosis憩室diverticulum动静脉瘘arteriovenous fistula剖腹探查术exploratory laparotomy冷冻疗法cryotherapy畸胎瘤teratoma肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄stricture of pyeloureteric junction 孤立性肾囊肿solitary renal cyst闭合伤closed injury肾移植renal transplantation肾上腺移植adrenal transplantation组织相容性histocompatibility超急性排斥反hyperacute rejection慢性排斥反应chronic rejection单克隆抗体monoclonal antibody麻醉anesthsia白细胞介素Interleukin尸体肾移植cadaveric renal transplantation疤痕scar端侧吻合术end-to-side anastomosis息肉polyp腹腔镜检查术laparoscopy错构瘤hamartoma重肾双输尿管duplication of kidney and ureter 合并伤associated injury器官移植organ transplantation急性肾小管坏死acute tubular necrosis睾丸移植testis transplantation排斥反应rejection急性排斥反应acute rejection免疫抑制immunosuppression多克隆抗体polyclonal antibody感染infection乳头状瘤papilloma端端吻合术end-to-end anastomosis。