NYPE93中英文对照
租船运输实务知识要点
<<租船运输实务>>知识要点*程租合同部分:1．对比GENCON’94和GENCON’76,试述主要做了哪些重大修改?1）运费支付条款规定预付运费是不返还的，无论船货是否灭失损坏。
本条还规定如果承租人不支付运费，船东或其代理可以不签发运费预付提单。
2）第六条装卸时间的规定中，包含了WIBON，WCCON，WFPON条款，这对于NOR递交和装卸时间的起算具有重要的影响，对承租人是十分不利的。
3）装卸时间条款里还规定如果递交NOR后，租家检验发现还没做好装卸准备，则从发现时起至再次做好准备的时间不计入装卸时间，而不是递交无效，重新递交。
4）滞期费条款要求承租人按天支付滞期费。
没有支付的话，承租人在收到船东书面通知96小时还未补交，若船舶在装港，出租人有权撤船并索赔。
5）取消了76格式中对承租人十分有利的责任终止条款。
6）增加了对出租人有利的质询条款。
7）在GENON94下经纪人可以对滞期费收取佣金，对于未履行的合同由责任方支付1/3的佣金。
8）多加了一个对分租约运费的留置权2．受载期的概念?承租人订立受载期条款时主要应考虑哪些因素?定义:船舶到达装港并做好装货准备的期限。
承租人应考虑因素：合同和L/C中装运期的规定；备货进度；港口装卸效率；港口泊位及装卸设备等情况。
3.试述朱比特条款的含义和作用。
含义：如果由于不能归责于船东或船舶的原因，船舶到达装港后，租船人未能提供航次指示或装货通知达10天以上，或装货通知发出后20天仍未装船，船东有解除本合同的选择权。
作用：本条款赋予船东解约的选择权，使船东在遇到无货可装的情形时无须盲目的无限期地等待下去，只要规定的期限一到就可以撤船并索赔，以减少不必要的损失，不必等到合同受阻的时候才能撤船，更好地保护船东的利益。
4.GENCON’94对装卸时间的起算是如何规定的?如准备就绪通知书在中午12点之前（包括12点）递交，装卸时间从下午1时起算；如通知书在12点以后递交，装卸时间从下一个工作日上午6时起算。
NYPE 93中英文对照
NYPE'93（中文对照）租约代号：“NYPE 93”波罗的海国际航运公会推荐美国国家船舶经纪人与代理人协会联合会定期租船合同纽约土产交易所格式美国船舶经纪人与代理人协会发行1913年11月6日制定,经1921年10月20日，1931年8月6日,1946年10月3日，1981年6月12日，1993年9月14日修订本租船合同于-—-——--—-—-年———-———-月—---————日由下述-———---—-———船舶的所有人-—--—--—-与承租人————--—----签订。
船舶说明船名:——--—--—--—；船旗：-—-—-—---————；于——-—--—--——-年建造；登记港-—-----—-；登记号—--—-——-；船舶在—-—--———-入级，船级为———--—-——;按夏季干舷高度,船舶海水吃水为---—-——-—，载重量(货物和燃料，包括不超过——-—---—-——长吨*/公吨*的淡水和物料）为-——---——-—-长吨*/公吨＊；散装容积为-——--—-—-—-——-立方英尺；包装容积为——-—--—————-—--立方英尺；船舶吨位为-——-—-————总吨/总登记吨；在良好天气条件下，风力达到包括最大风力蒲福—-———----—级，船舶满载航行时船速大约--—---—-———节,消耗大约-—--—-———-—长吨＊/公吨*的—--————-（燃油）.*适当地删除。
1．租期上述出租人同意出租，上述承租人同意租用上述船舶，从交船时起算,租期为—-—--——，并在下述航行区域内使用船舶.2．交船船舶在————-—-—(地点）置于承租人控制之下。
在交船时，船舶应作好接受货物的准备，货舱须打扫干净，船体紧密，坚实，牢固,并在各个方面适合于普通货物的运输。
船舶应装备有压载水舱,同时具有启动所有装货设备的足够的动力。
出租人应在—--—----—天之前向承租人递交预计交付船舶的日期的通知。
NYPE93中文版
NYPE'93(中文对照)租约代号：“NYPE 93”波罗的海国际航运公会推荐美国国家船舶经纪人与代理人协会联合会定期租船合同纽约土产交易所格式美国船舶经纪人与代理人协会发行1913年11月6日制定，经1921年10月20日，1931年8月6日，1946年10月3日，1981年6月12日，1993年9月14日修订本租船合同于-----------年--------月--------日由下述------------船舶的所有人---------与承租人-----------签订。
船舶说明船名：-----------；船旗：-------------；于------------年建造；登记港---------；登记号--------；船舶在---------入级，船级为---------；按夏季干舷高度，船舶海水吃水为---------，载重量（货物和燃料，包括不超过-----------长吨*/公吨*的淡水和物料）为-----------长吨*/公吨*；散装容积为--------------立方英尺；包装容积为---------------立方英尺；船舶吨位为----------总吨/总登记吨；在良好天气条件下，风力达到包括最大风力蒲福----------级，船舶满载航行时船速大约-----------节，消耗大约-----------长吨*/公吨*的--------（燃油）。
*适当地删除。
1．租期上述出租人同意出租，上述承租人同意租用上述船舶，从交船时起算，租期为-------，并在下述航行区域内使用船舶。
2．交船船舶在--------（地点）置于承租人控制之下。
在交船时，船舶应作好接受货物的准备，货舱须打扫干净，船体紧密，坚实，牢固，并在各个方面适合于普通货物的运输。
船舶应装备有压载水舱，同时具有启动所有装货设备的足够的动力。
出租人应在---------天之前向承租人递交预计交付船舶的日期的通知。
租船运输相关概念
在包船租船方式下，对于船舶延误的风险和费用与航次租船相似，
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交船，是指定期租船合同中船东在规定的地点、时间将船舶交给租船 人的义务。交船时，船舶应符合租船合同规定的适航要求，船上剩油最也 应在合同约定的数量范围内。许多合同范本内还订有交船检验、检验时间 和费用的划分之类的条款。为防止交船地点纠纷，还应规定港口内的某一 精确地点。例如，“到达港口引航站交船进港引水员下船交船”等。交船 时间应在合同约定的交船期限内。
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来回航次租船(Round Voyages Charter)，又称“往返航次租 船”(Return Trip Charter)指的是出租人向承租人提供同一艘船舶装载 货物从原装货港运至卸货港，再从该卸货港或附近港口装载回程货物运回 原装货港或其附近港口，而由承租人支付一定运费的一种船舶营运方式。
(2)到达引航站交船(On Arrival Pilot Station，APS)。
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定期租船，是指船舶所有人将配备船员的船舶出租给租船人使用一定 时期的租船方式。租约期可约定一段期间或以完成一个航次为限，后者亦 称航次期租。租船人在租期内按照约定的用途使用船舶，并支付租金。船 舶所有人一般负责船员工资、船员伙食、船舶维修保养、船舶保险费、物 料、供应品、船舶折旧费、部分货损货差索赔等，而租船人一般则负责燃 油费、港口使费、扫舱洗舱费、垫舱物料费等，并负责部分货损货差索赔。
包运合同租船是指船东在约定的期限内，派若干条船，按照同样的租 船条件，将一大批货物由一个港口运到另一个港口，航程次数不作具体规 定，合同针对待运的货物。
租船运输业务
租船程序
7.Any dues/taxes on vessle, on freight to be for Owners’account. Any dues/taxes on cargo to be for Charterers’ account. 8.If Charterers fail to ship as agreed quantity,they are liable to pay the deadfreight at the freight rate as agreed. 9.Otherwise details as per GENCON C/P.
租船程序
3、租船程序 1）询价 询价又称询盘，通常是承租人以期望的条件 通过租船经纪人在租船市场上要求租用船舶的 行为。 内容一般包括：需要承运的货物种类、数量、 装货港和卸货港、装运期限、租船方式和期限、 期望的运价水平，以及需用的船舶的明细说明 等
租船程序
2）报价（offer） 报价又称发盘，当船舶所有人从船舶经纪人那 里得到承租人的询价后，经过成本估算，或者 比较其他的询价条件，选定对自己有利的条件 后，通过租船经纪人向承租人提出自己所能提 供的船舶情况和提供的条件。 报价的主要内容：除对询价的内容作出答复和 提出要求外，最主要的是关于租金的水平和选 定的租船合同范本及对范本条款的修订、补充 条款。
租船运输的经营方式
特点： （1）船舶的营运调度由船舶所有人负责， 船舶的燃料费、物料费、修理费港口费、 淡水费等营运费用也船舶所有负担 （2）船舶所有人配备船员，负担船舶的 工资、伙食费 （3）航次租船的租金通常称为运费，运 费按货物的数量和双方商定的费率计算
租船运输的经营方式
租船分散知识点(针对租船实务考试的小题)
一、租船运输的概念与特点：1．概念：也称不定期船运输，即运输的组织是根据货源的情况，不确定的在国际间各港口之间进行，是通过船舶出租人（SHIPOWNER）与承租人（CHARTER）之间签订运输合同进行货物运输的基本营运方式。
2．特点：1）不定航线，不定船期2）适合大宗干散货运输3）租金或运费随行就市4）一般通过经纪人成交业务5）租约条款由双方当事人自由约定6）各租船方式均有相应的标准格式合同二、各租船方式的性质与特点:1．航次租船(voyage charter,V/C)性质：承揽运输1)出租人占有和控制船舶，负责船舶的营运调度，负担营运费用。
2)航次租船的"租金"通常称为运费，运费按货物的数量及双方商定的费率计收。
3)租约应订明货物的名称或种类，数量，装卸港口和货物装卸费用等。
4)约定装卸时间，计算方法和滞期速遣的费率等。
5)最常用的标准格式合同为GENCON合同。
2．定期租船（time charter，T/C）性质：介于承揽运输与财产租赁之间1）船东对船舶仍有xx和控制权2）船舶的营运调度由承租人负责，并负担船舶的营运费用和相关的时间风险。
3）租金按船舶的载重吨、租期长短及商定的租金率计算。
4）较长期的定期租船合同中常订有"自动递增条款（Escalation clause）"。
<1．思考题：试分析期租与航次租船合同的区别。
2．报价练习>3．航次期租船（TIME CHARTER ON TRIP）航次期租船又称日租租船，它是一种以完成一个航次运输为目的，但租金按完成航次所使用的日数和约定的日租金率计算。
近年来,TCT日益流行,在租船市场上所占的比重越来越大。
4.光船租船BARE-BOAT CHARTER/DEMISE CHARTER）1）这一租船方式是由船东和租船人的特殊目的而形成的．2）光租的性质是财产租赁，不具有运输承揽的性质。
3）全部船员由承租人配备并听从承租人的指挥。
租船合同 - 纽约土产格式 nype 1993 EN
THIS CHARTER PARTY, made and concluded in1 this day of192Between34 Owners of the Vessel described below, and567 Charterers.8Description of Vessel9Name Flag Built (year).10 Port and number of Registry11 Classed in12 Deadweight long*/metric* tons (cargo and bunkers, including freshwater and13 stores not exceeding long*/metric* tons) on a salt water draft of14 on summer freeboard.15Capacity cubic feet grain cubic feet bale space.16 Tonnage GT/GRT.17 Speed about knots, fully laden, in good weather conditions up to and including maximum18 Force on the Beaufort wind scale, on a consumption of about long*/metric*19 tons of20 * Delete as appropriate. 21 For further description see Appendix "A" (if applicable)22 1.Duration23The Owners agree to let and the Charterers agree to hire the Vessel from the time of delivery for a period24 of252627within below mentioned trading limits.282.Delivery29The Vessel shall be placed at the disposal of the Charterers at303132The Vessel on her delivery33 shall be ready to receive cargo with clean-swept holds and tight, staunch, strong and in every way fitted34 for ordinary cargo service, having water ballast and with sufficient power to operate all cargo-handling gear35 simultaneously.36 The Owners shall give the Charterers not less than days notice of expected date of37delivery.383.On-Off Hire Survey39Prior to delivery and redelivery the parties shall, unless otherwise agreed, each appoint surveyors, for their40 respective accounts, who shall not later than at first loading port/last discharging port respectively, conduct41 joint on-hire/off-hire surveys, for the purpose of ascertaining quantity of bunkers on board and the condition42 of the Vessel. A single report shall be prepared on each occasion and signed by each surveyor, without43 prejudice to his right to file a separate report setting forth items upon which the surveyors cannot agree.44 If either party fails to have a representative attend the survey and sign the joint survey report, such party45 shall nevertheless be bound for all purposes by the findings in any report prepared by the other party.46 On-hire survey shall be on Charterers' time and off-hire survey on Owners' time.474.Dangerous Cargo/Cargo Exclusions48(a) The Vessel shall be employed in carrying lawful merchandise excluding any goods of a dangerous,49 injurious, flammable or corrosive nature unless carried in accordance with the requirements or50 recommendations of the competent authorities of the country of the Vessel's registry and of ports of51 shipment and discharge and of any intermediate countries or ports through whose waters the Vessel must52 pass. Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, in addition the following are specifically53 excluded: livestock of any description, arms, ammunition, explosives, nuclear and radioactive materials,5455565758596061626364 (b) If IMO-classified cargo is agreed to be carried, the amount of such cargo shall be limited to65tons and the Charterers shall provide the Master with any evidence he may66 reasonably require to show that the cargo is packaged, labelled, loaded and stowed in accordance with IMO67 regulations, failing which the Master is entitled to refuse such cargo or, if already loaded, to unload it at68 the Charterers' risk and expense.69 5.Trading Limits70The Vessel shall be employed in such lawful trades between safe ports and safe places71 within72excluding737475as the Charterers shall direct.766.Owners to Provide77The Owners shall provide and pay for the insurance of the Vessel, except as otherwise provided, and for78 all provisions, cabin, deck, engine-room and other necessary stores, including boiler water; shall pay for79 wages, consular shipping and discharging fees of the crew and charges for port services pertaining to the80 crew; shall maintain the Vessel's class and keep her in a thoroughly efficient state in hull, machinery and81 equipment for and during the service, and have a full complement of officers and crew.82 7.Charterers to Provide83The Charterers, while the Vessel is on hire, shall provide and pay for all the bunkers except as otherwise84 agreed; shall pay for port charges (including compulsory watchmen and cargo watchmen and compulsory85 garbage disposal), all communication expenses pertaining to the Charterers' business at cost, pilotages,86towages, agencies, commissions, consular charges (except those pertaining to individual crew members87 or flag of the Vessel), and all other usual expenses except those stated in Clause 6, but when the Vessel88 puts into a port for causes for which the Vessel is responsible (other than by stress of weather), then all89 such charges incurred shall be paid by the Owners. Fumigations ordered because of illness of the crew90 shall be for the Owners' account. Fumigations ordered because of cargoes carried or ports visited while91 the Vessel is employed under this Charter Party shall be for the Charterers' account. All other fumigations92 shall be for the Charterers' account after the Vessel has been on charter for a continuous period of six93 months or more.94The Charterers shall provide and pay for necessary dunnage and also any extra fittings requisite for a95 special trade or unusual cargo, but the Owners shall allow them the use of any dunnage already aboard96 the Vessel. Prior to redelivery the Charterers shall remove their dunnage and fittings at their cost and in97 their time.988.Performance of Voyages99(a) The Master shall perform the voyages with due despatch, and shall render all customary assistance100 with the Vessel's crew. The Master shall be conversant with the English language and (although101 appointed by the Owners) shall be under the orders and directions of the Charterers as regards102 employment and agency; and the Charterers shall perform all cargo handling, including but not limited to103 loading, stowing, trimming, lashing, securing, dunnaging, unlashing, discharging, and tallying, at their risk104 and expense, under the supervision of the Master.105(b) If the Charterers shall have reasonable cause to be dissatisfied with the conduct of the Master or106 officers, the Owners shall, on receiving particulars of the complaint, investigate the same, and, if107 necessary, make a change in the appointments.1089.Bunkers109(a) The Charterers on delivery, and the Owners on redelivery, shall take over and pay for all fuel and110 diesel oil remaining on board the Vessel as hereunder. The Vessel shall be delivered with:111long*/metric* tons of fuel oil at the price of per ton;112 tons of diesel oil at the price of per ton. The vessel shall113 be redelivered with: tons of fuel oil at the price of per ton;114tons of diesel oil at the price of per ton.115* Same tons apply throughout this clause.116(b) The Charterers shall supply bunkers of a quality suitable for burning in the Vessel's engines117 and auxiliaries and which conform to the specification(s) as set out in Appendix A.118 The Owners reserve their right to make a claim against the Charterers for any damage to the main engines119 or the auxiliaries caused by the use of unsuitable fuels or fuels not complying with the agreed120 specification(s). Additionally, if bunker fuels supplied do not conform with the mutually agreed121 specification(s) or otherwise prove unsuitable for burning in the Vessel's engines or auxiliaries, the Owners122 shall not be held responsible for any reduction in the Vessel's speed performance and/or increased bunker123 consumption, nor for any time lost and any other consequences.124 10.Rate of Hire/Redelivery Areas and Notices125 The Charterers shall pay for the use and hire of the said Vessel at the rate of $126 U.S. currency, daily, or $U.S. currency per ton on the Vessel's total deadweight127 carrying capacity, including bunkers and stores, on summer freeboard, per 30 days,128 commencing on and from the day of her delivery, as aforesaid, and at and after the same rate for any part129 of a month; hire shall continue until the hour of the day of her redelivery in like good order and condition,130 ordinary wear and tear excepted, to the Owners (unless Vessel lost) at131132133unless otherwise mutually agreed.134The Charterers shall give the Owners not less than days notice of the Vessel's135 expected date and probable port of redelivery.136For the purpose of hire calculations, the times of delivery, redelivery or termination of charter shall be137 adjusted to GMT.13811.Hire Payment139(a)Payment140Payment of Hire shall be made so as to be received by the Owners or their designated payee in141, viz142143144in145currency, or in United States Currency, in funds available to the146 Owners on the due date, 15 days in advance, and for the last month or part of same the approximate147 amount of hire, and should same not cover the actual time, hire shall be paid for the balance day by day148 as it becomes due, if so required by the Owners. Failing the punctual and regular payment of the hire,149 or on any fundamental breach whatsoever of this Charter Party, the Owners shall be at liberty to150 withdraw the Vessel from the service of the Charterers without prejudice to any claims they (the Owners)151 may otherwise have on the Charterers.152 At any time after the expiry of the grace period provided in Sub-clause 11 (b) hereunder and while the153 hire is outstanding, the Owners shall, without prejudice to the liberty to withdraw, be entitled to withhold154 the performance of any and all of their obligations hereunder and shall have no responsibility whatsoever155 for any consequences thereof, in respect of which the Charterers hereby indemnify the Owners, and hire156 shall continue to accrue and any extra expenses resulting from such withholding shall be for the157 Charterers' account.158 (b)Grace Period159 Where there is failure to make punctual and regular payment of hire due to oversight, negligence, errors160 or omissions on the part of the Charterers or their bankers, the Charterers shall be given by the Owners161 clear banking days (as recognized at the agreed place of payment) written notice to rectify the162 failure, and when so rectified within those days following the Owners' notice, the payment shall163 stand as regular and punctual.164 Failure by the Charterers to pay the hire within days of their receiving the Owners' notice as165 provided herein, shall entitle the Owners to withdraw as set forth in Sub-clause 11 (a) above.166(c)Last Hire Payment167Should the Vessel be on her voyage towards port of redelivery at the time the last and/or the penultimate168 payment of hire is/are due, said payment(s) is/are to be made for such length of time as the Owners and169 the Charterers may agree upon as being the estimated time necessary to complete the voyage, and taking170 into account bunkers actually on board, to be taken over by the Owners and estimated disbursements for171 the Owners' account before redelivery. Should same not cover the actual time, hire is to be paid for the172 balance, day by day, as it becomes due. When the Vessel has been redelivered, any difference is to be173 refunded by the Owners or paid by the Charterers, as the case may be.174 (d)Cash Advances175 Cash for the Vessel's ordinary disbursements at any port may be advanced by the Charterers, as required176 by the Owners, subject to 2½ percent commission and such advances shall be deducted from the hire.177 The Charterers, however, shall in no way be responsible for the application of such advances.17812.Berths179The Vessel shall be loaded and discharged in any safe dock or at any safe berth or safe place that180 Charterers or their agents may direct, provided the Vessel can safely enter, lie and depart always afloat181 at any time of tide.18213.Spaces Available183(a) The whole reach of the Vessel's holds, decks, and other cargo spaces (not more than she can184 reasonably and safely stow and carry), also accommodations for supercargo, if carried, shall be at the185 Charterers' disposal, reserving only proper and sufficient space for the Vessel's officers, crew, tackle,186 apparel, furniture, provisions, stores and fuel.187 (b) In the event of deck cargo being carried, the Owners are to be and are hereby indemnified by the188 Charterers for any loss and/or damage and/or liability of whatsoever nature caused to the Vessel as a189 result of the carriage of deck cargo and which would not have arisen had deck cargo not been loaded.190 14.Supercargo and Meals191The Charterers are entitled to appoint a supercargo, who shall accompany the Vessel at the Charterers'192 risk and see that voyages are performed with due despatch. He is to be furnished with free193 accommodation and same fare as provided for the Master's table, the Charterers paying at the rate of194per day. The Owners shall victual pilots and customs officers, and also, when195 authorized by the Charterers or their agents, shall victual tally clerks, stevedore's foreman, etc.,196 Charterers paying at the rate of per meal for all such victualling.197 15.Sailing Orders and Logs198The Charterers shall furnish the Master from time to time with all requisite instructions and sailing199 directions, in writing, in the English language, and the Master shall keep full and correct deck and engine200 logs of the voyage or voyages, which are to be patent to the Charterers or their agents, and furnish the201 Charterers, their agents or supercargo, when required, with a true copy of such deck and engine logs,202 showing the course of the Vessel, distance run and the consumption of bunkers. Any log extracts203 required by the Charterers shall be in the English language.204 16.Delivery/Cancelling205 If required by the Charterers, time shall not commence before and should the206 Vessel not be ready for delivery on or before but not later than hours,207 the Charterers shall have the option of cancelling this Charter Party.208Extension of Cancelling209If the Owners warrant that, despite the exercise of due diligence by them, the Vessel will not be ready210 for delivery by the cancelling date, and provided the Owners are able to state with reasonable certainty211 the date on which the Vessel will be ready, they may, at the earliest seven days before the Vessel is212 expected to sail for the port or place of delivery, require the Charterers to declare whether or not they will213 cancel the Charter Party. Should the Charterers elect not to cancel, or should they fail to reply within two214 days or by the cancelling date, whichever shall first occur, then the seventh day after the expected date215 of readiness for delivery as notified by the Owners shall replace the original cancelling date. Should the216 Vessel be further delayed, the Owners shall be entitled to require further declarations of the Charterers in217 accordance with this Clause.218 17.Off Hire219 In the event of loss of time from deficiency and/or default and/or strike of officers or crew, or deficiency220 of stores, fire, breakdown of, or damages to hull, machinery or equipment, grounding, detention by the221 arrest of the Vessel, (unless such arrest is caused by events for which the Charterers, their servants,222 agents or subcontractors are responsible), or detention by average accidents to the Vessel or cargo unless223 resulting from inherent vice, quality or defect of the cargo, drydocking for the purpose of examination or224 painting bottom, or by any other similar cause preventing the full working of the Vessel, the payment of225hire and overtime, if any, shall cease for the time thereby lost. Should the Vessel deviate or put back226 during a voyage, contrary to the orders or directions of the Charterers, for any reason other than accident227 to the cargo or where permitted in lines 257 to 258 hereunder, the hire is to be suspended from the time228 of her deviating or putting back until she is again in the same or equidistant position from the destination229 and the voyage resumed therefrom. All bunkers used by the Vessel while off hire shall be for the Owners'230 account. In the event of the Vessel being driven into port or to anchorage through stress of weather,231 trading to shallow harbors or to rivers or ports with bars, any detention of the Vessel and/or expenses232 resulting from such detention shall be for the Charterers' account. If upon the voyage the speed be233 reduced by defect in, or breakdown of, any part of her hull, machinery or equipment, the time so lost, and234 the cost of any extra bunkers consumed in consequence thereof, and all extra proven expenses may be235 deducted from the hire.23618.Sublet237Unless otherwise agreed, the Charterers shall have the liberty to sublet the Vessel for all or any part of238 the time covered by this Charter Party, but the Charterers remain responsible for the fulfillment of this239 Charter Party.24019.Drydocking241The Vessel was last drydocked242*(a) The Owners shall have the option to place the Vessel in drydock during the currency of this Charter243 at a convenient time and place, to be mutually agreed upon between the Owners and the Charterers, for244 bottom cleaning and painting and/or repair as required by class or dictated by circumstances.245 *(b) Except in case of emergency no drydocking shall take place during the currency of this Charter246 Party.247* Delete as appropriate24820.Total Loss249Should the Vessel be lost, money paid in advance and not earned (reckoning from the date of loss or250 being last heard of) shall be returned to the Charterers at once.251 21.Exceptions252 The act of God, enemies, fire, restraint of princes, rulers and people, and all dangers and accidents of the253 seas, rivers, machinery, boilers, and navigation, and errors of navigation throughout this Charter, always254 mutually excepted.25522.Liberties256The Vessel shall have the liberty to sail with or without pilots, to tow and to be towed, to assist vessels257 in distress, and to deviate for the purpose of saving life and property.258 23.Liens259 The Owners shall have a lien upon all cargoes and all sub-freights and/or sub-hire for any amounts due260 under this Charter Party, including general average contributions, and the Charterers shall have a lien on261 the Vessel for all monies paid in advance and not earned, and any overpaid hire or excess deposit to be262 returned at once.263The Charterers will not directly or indirectly suffer, nor permit to be continued, any lien or encumbrance,264 which might have priority over the title and interest of the Owners in the Vessel. The Charterers265 undertake that during the period of this Charter Party, they will not procure any supplies or necessaries266 or services, including any port expenses and bunkers, on the credit of the Owners or in the Owners' time.26724.Salvage268All derelicts and salvage shall be for the Owners' and the Charterers' equal benefit after deducting269 Owners' and Charterers' expenses and crew's proportion.27025.General Average271General average shall be adjusted according to York-Antwerp Rules 1974, as amended 1990, or any272 subsequent modification thereof, in and settled in273 currency.274The Charterers shall procure that all bills of lading issued during the currency of the Charter Party will275 contain a provision to the effect that general average shall be adjusted according to York-Antwerp Rules276 1974, as amended 1990, or any subsequent modification thereof and will include the "New Jason277 Clause" as per Clause 31.278Time charter hire shall not contribute to general average.27926.Navigation280Nothing herein stated is to be construed as a demise of the Vessel to the Time Charterers. The Owners281 shall remain responsible for the navigation of the Vessel, acts of pilots and tug boats, insurance, crew,282 and all other matters, same as when trading for their own account.283 27.Cargo Claims284Cargo claims as between the Owners and the Charterers shall be settled in accordance with the Inter-Club285 New York Produce Exchange Agreement of February 1970, as amended May, 1984, or any subsequent286 modification or replacement thereof.287 28.Cargo Gear and Lights288The Owners shall maintain the cargo handling gear of the Vessel which is as follows:289290291292 providing gear (for all derricks or cranes) capable of lifting capacity as described. The Owners shall also293 provide on the Vessel for night work lights as on board, but all additional lights over those on board shall294 be at the Charterers' expense. The Charterers shall have the use of any gear on board the Vessel. If295 required by the Charterers, the Vessel shall work night and day and all cargo handling gear shall be at the296 Charterers' disposal during loading and discharging. In the event of disabled cargo handling gear, or297 insufficient power to operate the same, the Vessel is to be considered to be off hire to the extent that298 time is actually lost to the Charterers and the Owners to pay stevedore stand-by charges occasioned299 thereby, unless such disablement or insufficiency of power is caused by the Charterers' stevedores. If300 required by the Charterers, the Owners shall bear the cost of hiring shore gear in lieu thereof, in which301 case the Vessel shall remain on hire.302 29.Crew Overtime303 In lieu of any overtime payments to officers and crew for work ordered by the Charterers or their agents,304 the Charterers shall pay the Owners, concurrently with the hire per month305 or pro rata.306 30.Bills of Lading307(a) The Master shall sign the bills of lading or waybills for cargo as presented in conformity with mates308 or tally clerk's receipts. However, the Charterers may sign bills of lading or waybills on behalf of the309 Master, with the Owner's prior written authority, always in conformity with mates or tally clerk's receipts.310(b) All bills of lading or waybills shall be without prejudice to this Charter Party and the Charterers shall311 indemnify the Owners against all consequences or liabilities which may arise from any inconsistency312 between this Charter Party and any bills of lading or waybills signed by the Charterers or by the Master313 at their request.314(c) Bills of lading covering deck cargo shall be claused: "Shipped on deck at Charterers', Shippers' and315 Receivers' risk, expense and responsibility, without liability on the part of the Vessel, or her Owners for316 any loss, damage, expense or delay howsoever caused."31731.Protective Clauses318This Charter Party is subject to the following clauses all of which are also to be included in all bills of lading319 or waybills issued hereunder:320 (a)CLAUSE PARAMOUNT321 "This bill of lading shall have effect subject to the provisions of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act of the322 United States, the Hague Rules, or the Hague-Visby Rules, as applicable, or such other similar national323 legislation as may mandatorily apply by virtue of origin or destination of the bills of lading, which shall324 be deemed to be incorporated herein and nothing herein contained shall be deemed a surrender by the325 carrier of any of its rights or immunities or an increase of any of its responsibilities or liabilities under said326 applicable Act. If any term of this bill of lading be repugnant to said applicable Act to any extent, such327 term shall be void to that extent, but no further."328 and329(b)BOTH-TO-BLAME COLLISION CLAUSE330 "If the ship comes into collision with another ship as a result of the negligence of the other ship and any331 act, neglect or default of the master, mariner, pilot or the servants of the carrier in the navigation or in332 the management of the ship, the owners of the goods carried hereunder will indemnify the carrier against333 all loss or liability to the other or non-carrying ship or her owners insofar as such loss or liability represents334 loss of, or damage to, or any claim whatsoever of the owners of said goods, paid or payable by the other335 or non-carrying ship or her owners to the owners of said goods and set off, recouped or recovered by the336 other or non-carrying ship or her owners as part of their claim against the carrying ship or carrier.337 The foregoing provisions shall also apply where the owners, operators or those in charge of any ships or338 objects other than, or in addition to, the colliding ships or objects are at fault in respect to a collision or339 contact."340 and341 (c)NEW JASON CLAUSE342 "In the event of accident, danger, damage or disaster before or after the commencement of the voyage343 resulting from any cause whatsoever, whether due to negligence or not, for which, or for the344 consequences of which, the carrier is not responsible, by statute, contract, or otherwise, the goods,345 shippers, consignees, or owners of the goods shall contribute with the carrier in general average to the346 payment of any sacrifices, losses, or expenses of a general average nature that may be made or incurred,347 and shall pay salvage and special charges incurred in respect of the goods.348 If a salving ship is owned or operated by the carrier, salvage shall be paid for as fully as if salving ship349 or ships belonged to strangers. Such deposit as the carrier or his agents may deem sufficient to cover350 the estimated contribution of the goods and any salvage and special charges thereon shall, if required,351 be made by the goods, shippers, consignees or owners of the goods to the carrier before delivery."352 and353(d)U.S. TRADE - DRUG CLAUSE354 "In pursuance of the provisions of the U.S. Anti Drug Abuse Act 1986 or any re-enactment thereof, the355 Charterers warrant to exercise the highest degree of care and diligence in preventing unmanifested356 narcotic drugs and marijuana to be loaded or concealed on board the Vessel.357Non-compliance with the provisions of this clause shall amount to breach of warranty for consequences358 of which the Charterers shall be liable and shall hold the Owners, the Master and the crew of the Vessel359 harmless and shall keep them indemnified against all claims whatsoever which may arise and be made360 against them individually or jointly. Furthermore, all time lost and all expenses incurred, including fines,361 as a result of the Charterers' breach of the provisions of this clause shall be for the Charterer's account362 and the Vessel shall remain on hire.363Should the Vessel be arrested as a result of the Charterers' non-compliance with the provisions of this364 clause, the Charterers shall at their expense take all reasonable steps to secure that within a reasonable365 time the Vessel is released and at their expense put up the bails to secure release of the Vessel.366The Owners shall remain responsible for all time lost and all expenses incurred, including fines, in the367 event that unmanifested narcotic drugs and marijuana are found in the possession or effects of the368 Vessel's personnel."369and370(e)WAR CLAUSES371 "(i) No contraband of war shall be shipped. The Vessel shall not be required, without the consent of the372 Owners, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, to enter any port or zone which is involved in a state373 of war, warlike operations, or hostilities, civil strife, insurrection or piracy whether there be a declaration374 of war or not, where the Vessel, cargo or crew might reasonably be expected to be subject to capture,375 seizure or arrest, or to a hostile act by a belligerent power (the term "power" meaning any de jure or de376 facto authority or any purported governmental organization maintaining naval, military or air forces).377 (ii) If such consent is given by the Owners, the Charterers will pay the provable additional cost of insuring378 the Vessel against hull war risks in an amount equal to the value under her ordinary hull policy but not379 exceeding a valuation of In addition, the Owners may purchase and the380 Charterers will pay for war risk insurance on ancillary risks such as loss of hire, freight disbursements,381 total loss, blocking and trapping, etc. If such insurance is not obtainable commercially or through a382 government program, the Vessel shall not be required to enter or remain at any such port or zone.383 (iii) In the event of the existence of the conditions described in (i) subsequent to the date of this Charter,384 or while the Vessel is on hire under this Charter, the Charterers shall, in respect of voyages to any such385 port or zone assume the provable additional cost of wages and insurance properly incurred in connection386 with master, officers and crew as a consequence of such war, warlike operations or hostilities.387 (iv) Any war bonus to officers and crew due to the Vessel's trading or cargo carried shall be for the388 Charterers' account."389 32.War Cancellation390In the event of the outbreak of war (whether there be a declaration of war or not) between any two or391 more of the following countries:392393394395 either the Owners or the Charterers may cancel this Charter Party. Whereupon, the Charterers shall396 redeliver the Vessel to the Owners in accordance with Clause 10; if she has cargo on board, after397 discharge thereof at destination, or, if debarred under this Clause from reaching or entering it, at a near398 open and safe port as directed by the Owners; or, if she has no cargo on board, at the port at which she399 then is; or, if at sea, at a near open and safe port as directed by the Owners. In all cases hire shall400 continue to be paid in accordance with Clause 11 and except as aforesaid all other provisions of this401 Charter Party shall apply until redelivery.402 33.Ice403 The Vessel shall not be required to enter or remain in any icebound port or area, nor any port or area404。
对承租人使用金康94’合同的一些修改建议
对承租人使用金康94’合同的一些修改建议【摘要】金康94是波罗的海国际航运公会推出的金康租约的最新版本，虽然波罗的海国际航运公会之前一直是力求取得货主的认可，而在各方面尽量平衡货主与船东之间的利益。
但是，金康94却是完全站在船东的立场上制定的，对货主十分不利。
但是在世界尤其是亚洲的租船市场上，金康94的使用频率极高，甚至有人把金康94等同于航次租约。
既然金康94的盛行是承租人无力去改变的，那么承租人至少可以在金康94的基础上对其进行修改，为自己争取最大利益。
而本文就是从承租人的利益角度上为承租人在租约洽谈中修改金康94的条款的一些建议。
【关键字】金康9 承租人利益修改建议本文着手于具体分析金康94’各个相关条款，并给出相应的有利于承租人的建议。
一，总述性描述金康94的第一条主要是描述租约双方的身份及船舶、卸货港的大概情况。
就船舶自身描述而言，金康94只是给出了船舶的船名、总吨位和净吨位。
但是如果承租人所要托运的是轻泡货或是冷藏货，则承运船舶的容积和冷冻装备就显得至关重要。
尽管这些情况承租人在与船东在洽谈租约的时候肯定会进行一定的了解，但是一旦租约有所争议，并进入了诉讼程序，最终具有证据力的还是双方协定的租约。
所以还是将这些数据纳入租约较为稳妥。
而且其实即使是船东本人对于船舶的数据也不能说是十分了解，因为实际控制船舶的是船长、船员而不是船东。
另一方面船舶经过一定时间的使用，船舶自身的数据肯定会有所变化的，而这种变化能够使船舶偏离原始数据多少，不经仔细的专业测量不得而知。
况且也不能排除船东在磋商中对船舶数据进行细小的夸大等等。
所以承租人，尤其是托运轻泡货或是冷藏货的承租人，更要必要将与其所要运的货物相关的重要的船舶数据及相关的船舶设备的情况纳入租约，如果情况允许的话，最好是把这些对于船舶的描述的性质由保证条款转变为条件条款，使得承租人可以在船东违反此项条款的时候，承租人可以从船东处获得索赔，并中断租约。
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NYPE'93中文对照）租约代号： “NYPE 93”波罗的海国际航运公会推荐美国国家船舶经纪人与代理人协会联合会定期租船合同纽约土产交易所格式美国船舶经纪人与代理人协会发行1913年 11 月 6日制定，经 1921年 10月 20日， 1931年 8 月 6日，1946年 10 月 3日， 1981年 6月 12日， 1993年 9月 14 日修订签订。
船舶说明本租船合同于与承租人年 ----- 月 日由下述 船舶的所有人船名：号 -----；；船旗： ；于 年建造；登记港 ；登记 船舶在--，载重量入级，船级为 ；按夏季干舷高度，船舶海水吃水为 （货物和燃料，包括不超过 长吨*/ 公吨*；长吨*/ 公吨*的淡水和物料）为散装容积为 位为 ------ 立方英尺；包装容积为 立方英尺；船舶吨总吨/总登记吨；在良好天气条件下，风力达到包括最大风力蒲福--------级，船舶满载航行时船速大约 -------- 节，消耗大约------- 长吨*/ 公吨*的（燃油）。
*适当地删除。
1．租期上述出租人同意出租，上述承租人同意租用上述船舶，从交船时起算，租期为 ---- ，并在下述航行区域内使用船舶。
2．交船船舶在----- （地点）置于承租人控制之下。
在交船时，船舶应作好接受货物的准备，货舱须打扫干净，船体紧密，坚实，牢固，并在各个方面适合于普通货物的运输。
船舶应装备有压载水舱，同时具有启动所有装货设备的足够的动力。
出租人应在天之前向承租人递交预计交付船舶的日期的通知。
3．交船/还船检验除另有约定外，在交船和还船前，双方当事人应自负费用指定各自的验船师，分别在船舶到达第一个装货港/ 最后一个卸货港之前进行交船/还船联合检验，以确定船上所存的燃油量和船舶状态。
每次检验后应作出一份联合检验报告，并由每名验船师签字，该报告并不妨碍验船师提交一份其上列有其不同意见的事项的独立报告的权利。
如果一方当事人未能派代表参加检验，并未能在联合检验报告上签字，该当事方应受另一当事人方作出的任何报告中的调查结果的约束。
交船检验由承租人承担时间损失，还船检验由出租人承担时间损失。
4．危险货物/ 除外货物（1）船舶应被用于运输合法货物，不包括任何危险性，伤害性，易燃性或者腐蚀性的货物，但根据船舶登记国，装货港，卸货港和船舶必经水域的港口或国家的主管当局的要求或者指示运输的除外。
此外，在不影响上述一般原则的情况下，下列货物应明确除外：任何品名的牲畜，武器，弹药，爆炸物，核材料和放射性材料，'o（2）如果协议运输国际海事组织所属的货物，该货物的数量不应超过吨，承租人应向船长提供其可能合理要求的表明货物已经根据国际海事组织的规定进行包装，加标，装船和积载的任何证据，否则，船长有权拒绝该货物，或者，如果货物已经装船，船长有权将货物卸下，并由承租人承担风险和费用。
5．航行区域船舶应在------------- 范围内的安全港口和安全地点之间，但不包括--------- ，根据承租人的指示，从事合法贸易。
6．出租人负责的事项除另有约定外，出租人应负责并支付船舶保险费，全部供应品，舱室，甲板，机舱和其他必要的物料，包括锅炉用淡水；并支付船员的工资，上船和离船的领事费，以及有关船员的港口服务费；维持船级并使船体，船机和设备在租期内处于充分有效状态，配备足够的胜任的高级船员和普通船员。
7．承租人负责的事项除另有约定外，在租期内，承租人应当提供并支付所有燃油，港口使费（包括强制看管人，货物看管人和强制垃圾处理费），与承租人的经营成本有关的所有通讯费用，引航费，拖带费，代理费，佣金，领事费（有关船员或船旗的领事费除外），以及第6 条所述费用以外的所有其他通常费用，但是，当船舶由于其本身应负责的原因（并非由于恶劣天气）而进港时，则所产生的所有费用由出租人支付。
船舶由于船员生病而被指令熏舱时，由出租人负担费用。
由于船舶按本租船合同进行营运期间所装运的货物或者所挂靠的港口的原因，船舶被指令熏舱时，由承租人负担费用。
承租人应提供并支付必要的垫舱物料，以及特殊运输或特殊货物所需的任何额外设备，但出租人应允许承租人使用船上已有的任何垫舱物料。
在还船前，承租人应自负费用和时间将其提供的垫舱物料和设备移走。
8．航次的履行（1）船长应使船舶在航次中尽快速遣，并会同船员提供习惯性帮助。
船长应精通英语，并且（尽管由出租人任命）在有关船舶使用和代理方面应服从承租人的指示和命令；承租人在船长的监督下，自负风险和费用负责全部货物的操作，包括但不限于装载，积载，平舱，绑扎，加固，垫舱，解绑，卸载和理货；（2）如承租人有合理的原因对船长或者高级船员的行为表示不满，出租人在收到对此种抱怨的反映时，应调查事实，如有必要，对人员的任命予以更换。
9．燃油（1）承租人在交船时，出租人在还船时，应接受并支付下述船上所述的所有燃油和柴油。
交船时船上所存燃油为 -------------------- 长吨*/ 公吨* ，油价为-----/ 每吨；柴油为----- 吨，油价为 ----- /每吨。
还船时船上所存燃油为-吨，油价为------- /吨；柴油为 ------ 吨，油价为------- /每吨。
*本条使用相同的吨。
（2）承租人应提供质量适合发动船舶主机和辅机的燃油，并符合附件 A 所列的规定。
对由于承租人使用不适合的燃油或者不符合协议约定的燃油造成船舶的主机和辅机的任何损害，出租人保留其向承租人提出索赔的权利。
而且，如果承租人提供的燃油与协议的规定不一致，或者不适合发动船舶主机或辅机，则出租人对任何营运中船速的降低和/ 或燃油消耗量的增加不负责任，对任何时间损失和任何其他后果亦不负责任。
10．租金率/还船区域和还船通知承租人对该船舶的租用，应按每日-------- 美元，或者按---- 夏季干舷时的船舶总载重量，包括燃料和物料，以每吨------------- 美元的费率每30 天向出租人支付租金，从船舶按前述规定交付之日起算，对于一个月中的任何部分时间，以同一费率支付；租金应付至船舶以交船时的同样良好状态（正常损耗除外），在还给出租人（除非已灭失）时为止，双方另有约定者除外。
为了计算租金，交船，还船或合同终止的时间应以格林尼治平时为准。
11．租金的支付1）支付上述租金应按日以 ----- 货币，或以美元现金支付给出租人或其指定的在-- 的受款人，即 ---------- ，且每半个月预付一次。
对于最后一个月或其中部 分时间，应支付估计的租金数额，当其不足以支付实际租用时间的租金时，如 经出租人要求，差额租金应按时每天支付。
如承租人未能按时支付租金，或对 本租船合同有任何的根本违反，出租人有权将船舶从承租人营运中撤回，而不 影响其（出租人）可能拥有的向承租人索赔的任何权利。
在本条第 2 款规定的宽限期届满后的任何时间，并在租金未付情况下，出 租人有权中止履行其任何和全部义务，而不影响其撤船的权利，并且对由此产 生的任何后果不负责任，承租人应赔偿出租人因此而遭受的损失，而且租金仍 需照付；出于出租人中止履行其义务而产生的任何额外费用，由承租人支付。
2）宽限期由于承租人或其银行一方的疏忽，过失或错误而未能准时支付租金时，出租人应向承租人发出书面通知，要求其在 ------------ 净银行工作日（为协议的支 付地点所承认）补交未付的租金，当承租人根据出租人通知在 ------------- 天内予以 补交时，应视为其准时支付租金。
3）最后一期租金的支付在最后一期租金和 / 或倒数第二期租金应付之时，船舶在驶往还船港的航程中，对出租人和承租人可能同意的为完成该航程所估计的必要时间，应支付租 金。
对于船上实际储存的燃油，由出租人接收，还船前预计的费用由出租人负担。
该租金不足以支付实际租用的时间时，差额租金应按时每天支付。
还船后 有余额的，由出租人退还；不足的，由承租人支付。
承租人应在知。
天之前向出租人发出预计还船的时间和可能的地点的通如承租人在收到出租人通知的1 款所规定的撤船权。
天内未能支付租金，出租人享有本条第4）现金垫付经出租人要求，承租人应现金垫付船舶在任何港口的日常费用，并收取2.5%的佣金，该垫款从租金中扣除。
但是，承租人对该垫款的使用不负责任。
12．泊位船舶在承租人或其代理人指示的任何安全码头或任何安全泊位或地点装货和卸货，但以船舶能在任何潮汐情况下安全地驶入，靠泊，驶离并保持永久漂浮为条件。
13．可以使用的舱容（1）船舶的所有货舱，甲板和通常装货地点（不超过其能合理安全地积载和装运的范围），以及押运员（如有的话）舱室的全部容积，除仅为高级船员，普通船员，船具，属具，家具，供应品，物料和燃料留有适当和足够的舱室外，均归承租人使用。
（2）在装运甲板货的情况下，对此种装载所造成的船舶的任何灭失和/ 或损害和/或任何性质的责任，以及如果没有装运该甲板货，就不会发生的灭失和/或损害和/ 或责任，由承租人负责赔偿出租人。
14．押运员及伙食在承租人负担风险的情况下，承租人有权指派一名押运员随船观察航次是否尽快速遣。
船舶应向押运员提供免费居住的舱室，以及与船长相同标准的伙食，承租人按每天 ----------- 价格支付。
出租人应当向引航员和海关官员供应膳食，经承租人或其代理人授权，也应向理货员，装卸工人的领班等供应膳食，而由承租人按每顿 ------------- 价格支付所有这些人员的伙食费用。
15．航行指令和航海日志承租人应随时向船长用英文书面提供所有必要的指示和航行指令，船长应在甲板日志及轮机日志上完整和正确地记录航次的情况，供承租人或其代理人查阅；并且，如经要求，向承租人，其代理人或押运员提供甲板日志和轮机日志的真实副本，以表明船舶航向和航行里程，以及燃油的消耗情况。
承租人所要求的任何航海日志的摘要应以英文提供。
16．交船/解约如经承租人要求，在------- 之前不计算租期；如果在------ 之时或之前，但时，船舶未能做好交船准备，承租人有解除本租船合同的选择权。
不晚于延期解约如果出租人确定，尽管其尽到谨慎处理，船舶仍不能在解约日之前做好交船准备，只要出租人能明确一个船舶将做好交船准备的合理的确定的日期，则最早在船舶预计驶往交船港口或地点的前七天，出租人可以要求承租人宣布是否解除本租船合同。
如果承租人选择不解除合同，或在两天内或解约日之前（以两者中较早者为准）未作出答复，则以出租人通知的预计做好交船准备之日后的第七天代替原来的解约日。
如果船舶进一步延期，出租人根据本条规定有权要求承租人再次作出声明是否解约。
17．停租如果由于船员不足和/ 或船员罢工，或物料不足，船舶发生火灾，船体，船机或设备发生故障或损害，船舶搁浅，船舶被扣押而延误（因承租人，其雇佣人员，代理人或分合同人应负责的事件被扣押时除外），或船舶或货物发生海损事故而延误（因货物的潜在瑕疵，质量或缺陷引起的除外），船舶为检验或漆底而入干船坞，或由于任何其他类似原因阻碍船舶的充分工作时，对因此所损失的时间停付租金和加班费（如有的话）。