2020年高考英语三轮冲刺3500词汇构词法词缀汇总

1.否定前缀[un-]unaware 不知道的uncertain 不确定的uneasy 不安的unfair 不公平的unhealthy 不健康的unimportant 不重要的unnecessary 不必要的unpleasant 不愉快的unreasonable 不合理的untidy 不整洁的unusual 不寻常的unwise 不明智的undress 脱衣unfold 打开unload 卸车unlock 开……的锁unfreeze 解冻unearth 出土，挖掘uncover 揭露①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr.Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences.尽管酷孩子看起来令人羡慕，普林斯坦的研究显示了令人不愉快的结果。

②I felt uneasy at the presence of so many strangers.面对这么多陌生人，我感觉很不自在。

③Although sparrows showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state.虽然麻雀数量没有减少的迹象，但食物链还是总体处于不健康的状态。

[in-，im­/il­，ir­]inactive 不活跃的incomplete 不完整的insignificant 不重要的incapable 无能力的improper 不合适的inappropriate 不合适的inaccurate 不精确的inconvenient 不方便的indirect 间接的immature 不成熟的impatient 不耐烦的imperfect 不完美的impractical 不现实illogical 不合逻辑的illegal 不合法的irregular 不规则的irresponsible 不负责任的①(2019·天津高考)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support.汤姆很独立，除非他想得到父母的支持，否则他从不征求父母的意见。

②Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.产品因使用不当而造成的损坏，第一年可享受免费维修。

[dis-]disability 残疾disappear 消失discourage 使气馁disclose 揭露discover 发现disagree 不同意disapprove 不赞成disobey 不服从dishonest 不诚实的dissatisfied 不满意的disadvantage 缺点disorder 紊乱disuse 废弃①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.有些职位要求学生的年龄在15至24岁或残疾人士达到29岁。

②They made some experiments in a house disused for years.他们在一间废弃多年的屋子里做了一些实验。

③(2019·江苏高考任务型阅读)As a result，humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands. Yet walking upright has its disadvantage.因此，人类可以用手执行非常复杂的任务。

然而直立行走也有它的缺点。

2.错误前缀[mis-]miscalculate 误算mislead 误导misunderstand 误解misuse 滥用misspell 拼错mistrust 不信任①If I am not miscalculating, there are 3 times in all.如果我没算错的话，总共有3次。

②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.把英语作为第二语言学习可能是一段痛苦的经历。

你需要的是一个让你犯错的好老师。

3.方位前缀[super-（也可表示程度）]superhero 超级英雄superiority 优越；优等superman 超人supermarket 超市superstar 巨星；超级明星superstore 大型超市①(2018·6月浙江高考阅读七选五) Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.有时邻居可能会一起去超市购物。

②Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.超级巨星们不能随意行动，因为他们不能不担心那些装备了高级相机的摄影师们。

③They should focus on the superiority of products.他们应该关注产品的优势。

[sub-]Suburb 郊区subway地铁Substitute 代替①With new subway lines built, it is very convenient for us to go travelling.建成了新的地铁线路，我们去旅行很方便了。

②The baby monkeys picked the soft mother-substitutes as their favourites.猴宝宝们挑了手感柔软的母亲替代物作为它们的最爱。

[over-]overestimate高估overreact 反应过度overuse过度使用overcrowded 过度拥挤的①He could not help overreacting to different opinions against his.对那些反对他的不同观点，他忍不住反应过度了。

②Healthy way of life also means avoiding overuse of medicine.健康的生活方式也意味着避免用药过量。

③It is expected to carry 20，000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the centre of the city.人们期望它一天能够承载20 000辆卡车和汽车，这样就可以大大缓解市中心的交通过度拥挤问题。

[trans-]transfer转移；转乘transport运输translate翻译transform转换；改变transplant移植①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.这个团队用更便宜但仍然美味的食谱改变了这家人漫长的周末庆祝活动。

②Transport routes, timetables and fare information are available from the tourist centre.可从游客中心那里获取交通路线、时刻表以及车票费用的信息。

[后缀——置于词根尾部，主要用于改变单词的词性，偶尔用于改变词义]1.名词后缀动作执行者[-er （-or，­ar）]farmer农场主；农民owner物主mayor市长administrator管理者author作者①The administrator said we were entitled to a paid leave for ten days annually during the first five years.领导告诉我们在工作的前5年每年可享受10天的带薪假期。

②The author said something unfair about doctors in his book.作者在他的书中针对医生说了些有失公允的话。

[-ant]applicant申请人assistant助理①In order to get a good job, many applicants poured into the job market.为了得到好的工作，许多求职者涌入了招聘市场。

② I intend to take a part-time job working as an assistant teacher.我打算兼职当助教。

[-ist]dentist牙医scientist科学家specialist专家tourist旅行者①(2019·北京高考阅读B)He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.他建议她做一些研究，和牙医谈谈更健康的糖果应该含有什么成分。

②(2018·6月浙江高考应用文写作)I have accumulated related experience by working part-time in a travel agency, accompanying some foreign tourists.通过在旅行社兼职，陪同一些外国游客，我积累了相关的经验。

跟动作状态有关的名词性后缀[-tion结尾的名词]adoption 采纳，收养attraction 吸引，吸引力action 行动construction 建设description 描述direction 方向，指导edition 编辑，版本election 选举exhibition 展览intention 打算，意图interruption 打断instruction 指令introduction 介绍objection 反对protection 保护reaction 反应reception 接收，接待处rejection 驳斥suggestion 建议①As the old saying goes, “Actions speak loude r than words.”常言道，“事实胜于雄辩。