词汇翻译技巧讲义

代词的增减
英译汉时很多代词可以省略，而汉译英时则根据英语的行文需要增加适当的代词。

7. Calmly, Mother looked around before she turned back fearlessly, closing the door behind her and dashed to the window.
母亲镇定地环顾四周，然后毫不畏惧地转身回到屋里，顺手关上门，一个箭步奔到窗口。

8. I shall take it as axiomatic that mankind has, by that time, chosen the latter alternative.
译文一: 我认为人类到那时将会选择后者，这一点是不言而喻的。

译文二：不消说，那时人类将会选择后者。

9. In order to get a great amount of water power, we need large pressure and current.
要得到巨大的水力，就需要高水压和大水量。

10. In the giraffe¡¯s neck, there are lots of muscles that flex and relax repeatedly as the animal moves its head and sucks up drinking water.
长颈鹿移动头部喝水时，脖子里有很多肌肉会反复地收紧和放松。

11.她懒洋洋地站起来，估量丈夫不会再回来额。

Lazily she rose. Her husband probably would not come home, she supposed.
12. 梅春姐用手护着头，紧紧地缩着她的身子。

Meichun, protecting her head with her arms, contracted her body.
介词的增减
13）She was one of my colleagues at the university at which I taught.
她是我任教的那所大学的同事。

14) At about this time, movies actors began running for President, astronauts began flying around the planet to get from one desert to another, and people began renting one-bedroom apartments for $2000 a month.
如今，电影演员开始竞选总统；宇航员在地球周围飞来飞去，从一个沙漠飞到另一个沙漠；人们开始租用两千美元一月的单卧室公寓。

15)I get positively angry with the impertinence of it and the everlastingness.
这么鲁莽无礼，没完没了，真让我生气。

16) It turns out that the skin and other tissues in their legs and feet are much stiffer and tougher than those of other animals. As a result, the scientists found, the blood vessels in the leg cannot swell. Therefore, the blood has nowhere to go but back up to the heart.
原来，它们腿部和脚部的皮肤及其他组织比其他动物要紧密、坚韧得多。

结果，科学家们发现，它们腿部的血管无法膨胀，因此，血液只能流回心脏，别无他处可去。

17. 他已经把这事忘得一干二净了。

He has forgotten all about it.
18. 接到信时我高兴得跳了起来。

I jumped with joy when I received the letter.
关联词的增减——英译汉时省略，汉译英时补充
19）Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers.
原译：在历史书上最常出现和最为显赫的人大多是那些伟大的征服者、将军及军人。

改译：历史书上最常出现，最为显赫者，大多是些伟大的征服者、将军和军人。

20）Even if you go there, there won¡¯t be any result.
原译：即使你去了也不会有什么结果。

改译：去了也不会有什么结果。

你去了也白去。

21）The wind was so strong that he found it difficult to keep on his feet.
原译：风如此之大，以致他发现站住很困难。

改译：风太大了，他感到很难站稳。

满足译文语境需要
原文可根据上下文提示或在一定的文化语境中将有些内容予以省略，并不妨碍读者的理解，但译文有时须采用增词法，将所省略的内容明确化，否则译入语读者会感到信息不足。

1）I was all but dancing with impatience in the checkout line and sighed with exasperation. Hearing me, he smiled apologetically.
站在结账队伍里的我不耐烦地在动来动去，恼怒地叹了口气。

听到我的叹气声，他满脸歉意
地笑了。

2）I never told my love cocally; still, if looks have language, the merest idiot might have guessed I was over head and ears.
我从来没有把自个儿的爱情说出口，可是如果眉目也能传情，那么即使白痴也能看出，我已经沉溺在爱河里，没了顶了。

3）这只是我的理解，我觉得有些牵强甚至走样，我觉得我懂得其却难以表述。

This is only my personal understanding of the song, which I knew was a somewhat farfetched distortion of it. I could sense and feel its meaning but could not say it.
4) 女人的生活天地较小，一旦过了35，便像吃了耗子药，非紧张不可。

译文一：Women live in a smaller world. When they are over 35, they are bound to get upset, as if they had taken medicine for mice.
译文二: Women live in a rather limiter world. At 35, they will be more upset than ever, as if they had taken by mistake a dose of pesticide (and just realize it).
5)John sat near her on the bed. His face was white as he sat holding her hot hands.
约翰坐在床边陪着她。

当他握着她滚烫的双手时，他脸色苍白。

6）Now in the foothills there was his grave----a grave I could not bear to visit.
现在，他的坟墓就在山脚，我却不忍心去看一眼。

7）她忽然觉得心头一紧，不知怎么的就哭了起来，那是欢乐的泪水，满足的泪水。

She suddenly felt her heart tighten, and began to cry. They were tears of joy, and of satisfaction.
8)我想要他画一张他没有画过的画，我说：¡°你给我画一张册页，从来没有画过的。

¡±他欣然答应了。

I wanted him to paint me something he¡¯d never painted before. When I asked him, he readily agreed.
Exercise。