落伍者
微软困境免费时代的落伍者
微软困境免费时代的落伍者侯继勇04月08日07:42 分享到：70微软免费模式收费分类: 互联网摘要: 软件可分为两种，一为通用软件，一为企业级软件。
互联网时代，通用软件已整体向免费模式转型，企业级付费软件模式还有相当一段生存时间，但随着云计算时代的到来，企业软件同样将向免费模式转型，这一现象已经零星出现。
曾经强大的微软成为互联网时代的落伍者。
原因在哪里？微软付费软件的模式背离了互联网时代的普遍经济模式，即免费软件模式，至少是原因之一。
软件可分为两种，一为通用软件，一为企业级软件。
互联网时代，通用软件已整体向免费模式转型，企业级付费软件模式还有相当一段生存时间，但随着云计算时代的到来，企业软件同样将向免费模式转型，这一现象已经零星出现。
关于企业级软件免费，今后专文分析，今天仅探讨通用软件免费及微软困境。
一、从收费到免费互联网时代第一波免费大冲击当属于雅虎代表的门户，核心是“信息免费，广告收费”；接下来则是谷歌，将图书馆资料检索、邮箱、地图、照片管理、办公软件全部免费了，谷歌现在是全世界最大的互联网公司，当然谷歌也是全世界最大的免费软件公司，其市值一度曾经超过付费软件公司微软；再下来则是Facebook，其将SNS软件免费，创造了一个新的互联网神话。
谷歌市值超过微软时，就是付费软件模式与收费软件模式角逐的分水岭。
扎客伯格在哈佛大学刚做Facebook的时候，同学们评价说：他可能是超越比尔.盖茨的人之一。
那是十年前，哈佛的学生已经敏感地意识到，微软过时了。
雅虎、谷歌、Facebook可视为软件业的三次“免费大冲击”，这也基本上可以视为互联网产业的三次代际划分。
趋势则是免费软件走强，付费软件走弱。
在中国互联网，在游戏软件领域，盛大、巨人开创了“软件收费，道具收费”的模式；网易则以免费邮箱打败了263的收费邮箱，360、金山网络则将杀毒软件由收费模式变为免费模式，击垮了瑞星、江民等公司，现在的金山软件正把WPS、词霸等软件免费，以复制在安全软件领域的成功。
杨绛经典语录
杨绛经典语录杨绛经典语录15篇在日常学习、工作或生活中，大家或多或少都接触过一些有名的语录吧，语录是指对那些富有哲理与特殊意义话语的记录，一般用于正式文体。
其实很多朋友都不太清楚什么样的语录才是好的语录，以下是店铺为大家收集的杨绛经典语录，希望能够帮助到大家。
杨绛经典语录11、误解，圣解也！2、世间哪有什么爱情，纯粹是生殖冲动。
3、人生最原始的睡，同样也是死的样品。
4、老年人恋爱，就象老房子着火，没的救。
5、丈夫是女人的职业，没有丈夫就等于失业。
6、情妇虽然要新的才有趣，朋友还让旧的好。
7、不料你的见识竟平庸到可以做社论。
8、医生也是屠夫的一种。
9、思想是不出声的语言。
10、诗有意义是诗的不幸。
11、你不坏，可全无用处。
12、要想结为夫妻,先去旅行一次。
13、假道学的特征可以说是不要脸而偏爱面子。
14、我都姓了一辈子“钱”了，难道还迷信钱吗？15、打狗要看主人面，那么，打猫要看主妇面了。
16、经提倡而产生的幽默，一定是矫揉造作的幽默。
17、有鸡鸭的地方：粪多；有年轻女人的地方：话多。
18、当着心爱的男人，每个女人都有返老还童的绝技。
19、天地间有许多景象是要闭了眼才看得见的，譬如梦。
20、有了门，我们可以出去；有了窗，我们可以不必出去。
21、婚姻是一座围城，城外的人想进去，城里的人想出来。
22、天下就没有偶然，那不过是化了妆的、戴了面具的必然。
23、女人全是傻的，恰好是男人所希望的那样傻，不多不少。
24、年轻的时候，我们总是会将自己的创作冲动误解为创作才能。
25、飓风后的海洋波平浪静，而底下随时潜伏着汹涌翻腾的力量。
26、李先生脸上少了那副黑眼镜，两只大白眼睛像剥掉壳的煮熟鸡蛋。
27、大家照例称好，斜川客气地淡漠，仿佛领袖受民众欢迎时的表情。
28、早晨清醒，居然自己没给蚤虱吃个精光，收拾残骸剩肉还够成个人。
29、为什么爱情会减少一个人心灵的抵抗力，使人变得软弱，被摆布呢？30、世界上没有自认为一无可爱的女人，也没有自认为百不如人的男子。
尤里·日瓦戈——时代的落伍者——浅析《日瓦戈医生》中主人公的人物形象
尤里·日瓦戈——时代的落伍者——浅析《日瓦戈医生》中主人公的人物形象作者：赵静来源：《赤峰学院学报·哲学社会科学版》 2016年第4期赵静（长春大学旅游学院，吉林长春 130607）摘要：长篇小说《日瓦戈医生》是苏联当代著名作家及诗人帕斯捷尔纳克的代表作。
这部作品的问世引起了世界各界人士的关注，一时间众说纷纭，反响热烈，主人公尤里·日瓦戈的形象更是影响了几代人的思想和行为。
本文从对《日瓦戈医生》这部作品的认识开始谈起，根据主人公所处的时代，分析尤里·日瓦戈的英雄形象，研究其个性和心理特征，阐释小说《日瓦戈医生》的社会影响、历史功能和思想意义。
关键词：尤里·日瓦戈；时代的落伍者；人物形象中图分类号：I106文献标识码：A文章编号：1673-2596（2016）04-0153-02收稿日期：2016-02-18基金项目：吉林省教育科学“十二五”规划课题“网络环境下俄罗斯文学课程教学新模式研究”（GH14255）一、研究价值近年来，对帕斯捷尔纳克长篇小说中人物形象的研究成果颇为丰硕，但是对小说《日瓦戈医生》中主人公的人物形象的深入研究却很少见。
《日瓦戈医生》是一部具有启示性的作品，描写的是知识分子的命运，揭示了主人公在那个急剧变化的时代的命运和遭遇。
小说通过对主人公尤里·日瓦戈短短一生的描写，展现了作家对人生命运的深刻探讨，对生活真谛的执着追求。
本文旨在加深我们对该部作品的认识，还能帮助我们进一步了解作品中提到的有关生存、死亡与复活的命题，从而启发读者进一步思考人生的意义和生命的价值。
二、《日瓦戈医生》中主人公的人物形象分析（一）尤里·日瓦戈英雄形象分析尤里·日瓦戈的英雄形象体现在他所依赖的以下几种超越的力量之中。
1.艺术的力量尤里·日瓦戈在小说中虽然是个“医生”，但他还有另外一个身份，那就是“诗人”。
如果说“医生”这个身份是尤里·日瓦戈奉献于国家、献身于社会的一种外在表现，那么“诗人”这个身份则是主人公的气质内涵和精神实质的表现。
《落伍》写人作文
《落伍》写人作文奶奶常感叹道：“我是个落伍的人了，你们年轻人用的东西我都不会用了。
”每当听到这句话，我心中总是感慨万千。
我学过一段时间古筝，会弹这首曲子的古筝版本。
有一天，我在弹琴时，看到奶奶在客厅里翩翩起舞。
我惊讶不已，于是停下弹琴，专注地欣赏起奶奶的舞蹈。
尽管奶奶年纪大了，但舞姿依然优雅，灵活度更是让我自叹不如。
然而，岁月不饶人，这位曾经时尚的奶奶，也抵不过时光的冲刷。
看着奶奶的满头白发，我心中涌起一股岁月的沧桑感。
如今的奶奶不再跳舞，因为舞蹈动作难度太大，而奶奶又是个追求完美的人，她不愿看到自己的舞蹈被随意演绎。
奶奶仍然喜欢看电视里的舞蹈节目，尤其钟情于民族舞蹈。
当她看到现在很多年轻人都在跳韩舞、俄舞时，她感到十分惊讶，原来舞蹈还有这么多花样。
她喜欢新事物，但无奈岁月不饶人，她的身体已无法承受如此高强度的舞蹈。
她常常叹息，现在的时代真好，舞蹈形式如此多样，同时也感慨自己落伍了。
我想，我能体会到奶奶心中的那份无奈。
除此之外，奶奶还对时尚有着自己独特的见解。
她虽然不再追赶潮流，但她依然注重穿着的整洁和舒适。
她会根据季节和场合选择合适的服装，展现出一种别样的优雅。
她常说：“人老了，但心不能老。
”这句话也让我深受启发。
在生活中，我们常常会遇到各种变化和挑战，有时我们会觉得自己跟不上时代的步伐，成为落伍者。
然而，正如奶奶一样，我们可以保持积极的心态，不断学习和适应新事物。
落伍并不可怕，可怕的是失去对生活的热情和追求。
莫道桑榆晚，为霞尚满天。
让我们珍惜每一个年龄段的自己，用心去感受生活的美好，用爱去传递温暖，无论何时都能绽放出属于自己的光芒。
北大荒之路(1947～2047)：从落伍者到领先者
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一个不能投入时代洪流的人是一个落伍者英语作文
全文分为作者个人简介和正文两个部分：作者个人简介：Hello everyone, I am an author dedicated to creating and sharing high-quality document templates. In this era of information overload, accurate and efficient communication has become especially important. I firmly believe that good communication can build bridges between people, playing an indispensable role in academia, career, and daily life. Therefore, I decided to invest my knowledge and skills into creating valuable documents to help people find inspiration and direction when needed.正文：一个不能投入时代洪流的人是一个落伍者英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1A Person Out of Step with the Times is Doomed to ObsolescenceIt's an unavoidable truth that the world marches ever onwards, driven by the engine of progress. Those who cannotkeep pace with the swift currents of change risk being cast aside and forgotten, relics of a bygone era. To resist the tide of evolution is to condemn oneself to irrelevance and obsolescence.A person unable or unwilling to immerse themselves in the spirit of their times is doomed to be an outdated anachronism.We've witnessed this harsh reality play out time and again throughout the annals of history. Once powerful civilizations that turned insular and rejected innovation found themselves swallowed up by the hungry tides of the future. The Byzantine Empire, for centuries the greatest power in the Mediterranean, grew arrogant and complacent. As the Renaissance bloomed in Western Europe, ushering in an age of unparalleled intellectual and artistic flourishing, Byzantium remained mired in stagnation and religious dogmatism. Their stubborn refusal to evolve left them powerless to counter the rise of the Ottomans, who enthusiastically embraced modernization. In 1453, the Byzantine capital of Constantinople fell, reduced to rubble - a potent metaphor for the tragic consequences of failing to move with the times.On a more recent note, we can examine the decline of American automobile manufacturers like General Motors and Chrysler in the late 20th century. For decades, they coasted ontheir past success, churning out gas-guzzling behemoths as the tides shifted towards demands for greater fuel efficiency and environmental consciousness. Upstart foreign brands like Toyota and Honda eagerly adapted to these new realities, while Detroit's stalwarts arrogantly held to their antiquated business models. The results were devastating - factory closures, worker layoffs, and an unprecedented loss of market share and profits. It took government bailouts and an enforced renaissance to bring them back into step with the times.These historical examples illustrate the simple truth that no individual, institution or empire can afford to static in the face of relentless change. We must all constantly evolve and reinvent ourselves to remain vital and relevant. Careers that may have seemed secure a decade ago are now outmoded wreckages, swamped by the waves of technological disruption. To cling desperately to comfortable familiarity is to risk being left behind, a relic out of place in the modern world.As students, we sit poised at the intersection of the current age and the dawn of tomorrow. The paths we choose to walk will determine whether we flow with the tides or find ourselves caught in stagnant eddies. We cannot afford to be passive passengers adrift on these churning seas of change. We mustbravely plunge into the currents, ever adapting our knowledge and skillsets to match the shifting demands of the future.In our globalized world, intercultural fluency andopen-mindedness are essential to avoid intellectual isolationism. Those who remain culturally insular and reject outside influences will rapidly be outpaced by their more cosmopolitan peers. We must engage with diverse perspectives and welcome the intermingling of ideas and innovations across borders. To turn our backs on multiculturalism is to deprive ourselves of vital creative spark that allows societies to renew and reinvent themselves in tune with the times.This need for constant evolution extends to the realm of technology. The breakneck pace of digital advancement means that new paradigm-shifting inventions and techniques emerge seemingly every few years. We've already witnessed how swiftly the rise of the internet, mobile computing and social media has transformed our society, economy and culture. Those who cannot engage with and master these new technologies find themselves cast out as obsolete relics within their own lifetimes. We must be fearless lifelong learners, patiently retraining and reskilling ourselves to keep stride with each new wave of innovation.Nor can we afford to be professionally rigid and inflexible. The traditional ideal of spending an entire career confined within the narrow limits of a single career track or specialization has been shattered. We can now expect to navigate multiple different roles and vocations over the course of our working lives as conditions shift. Personal reinvention and the constant acquisition of new competencies has become the price of admission to remain employable and successful over thelong-term. Stubborn resistance to change and unwillingness to expand our skillsets will leave us lagging behind.On a deeper level, the true key to avoiding being made obsolete by the march of time is to cultivate an attitude of open-minded curiosity. We must learn to embrace uncertainty and view change not as a threat but as an exhilarating opportunity. The societies and individuals who will thrive are those who can fluidly adapt their mindsets, beliefs and behaviors to align with new realities. Those who cling stubbornly to dogmas and prejudices of a bygone era will struggle and ultimately fail to keep pace.We need only look at how quickly moral and social norms evolve across generations to see this truth in action. Values, principles and assumptions that seemed eternal and unshakableto our grandparents are now rejected as archaisms by modern youth. The words and ideas that comprise the leading edge of avant-garde rebellion in one era become quaint anachronisms in the next. To exempt our personal worldviews and ethics from this constant renewal process is to risk becoming the outdated bigots and dinosaurs of tomorrow, sneered at for our musty biases.In closing, the wise words of the ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus ring truer than ever before in our dynamic modern age - "No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it's not the same river and he's not the same man." The tides of the zeitgeist are ever-shifting, and we must constantly reinvent ourselves to remain afloat and relevant. To resist this churn is to be left floundering in the shallows as the main currents of life flow onwards. Any person unwilling to shed their old selves and submerge themselves in the waters of new times has failed before they even began. The choice is binary - embrace change or be rendered an obsolete relic. The wise know there is only one acceptable option for those who wish to remain vital.篇2A Stagnant Life in the Whirlwinds of ChangeThe world we inhabit is one that is in a perpetual state of flux. Change is the only constant, as the famous saying goes. We are inundated with new advancements, new technologies, and new cultural shifts happening at a breakneck pace every single day. In such a dynamic environment, it is imperative that we as individuals adapt and evolve in tandem with the times we live in. Stagnation and resistance to change are ill-advised strategies that will only serve to leave us behind as obsolete relics. To live a fulfilling and enriched existence in the modern era, one must be prepared to embrace the ever-shifting tides of progress wholeheartedly. A person unable or unwilling to immerse themselves in the currents of their era risks being rendered an outdated anachronism, left floundering in the whirlwinds of an accelerating world.Throughout the course of human civilization, history has been shaped by those bold enough to challenge the accepted norms and blaze new trails of innovation. From the revolutionary ideas of enlightened thinkers that sparked the fires of renaissance and reform, to the pioneers of industry and technology who ushered in eras of unprecedented advancement, progress has always been propelled by visionary individuals unafraid to defy the status quo. Just as crucially however, progress has depended on the participation and acceptance ofthe greater populace, a critical mass of people willing to ride those waves of transformation into uncharted waters.Those who cling stubbornly to the outdated precepts and antiquated traditions of yesteryear are doomed to languish in irrelevance as the world surges ahead without them. We need only examine the fates of once globally preeminent civilizations and empires that became insular and resistant to the winds of change to see the perils of such willful detachment. The mighty Romans, blinded by arrogant self-assuredness, failed to evolve and ended up violently subsumed by the very barbarians they sneered at as primitives. Closer to the modern era, the utterly avoidable decline of the Ottoman Empire stands as a potent warning against the folly of steadfast immobility in a rapidly shifting world order.On an individual level, the consequences of an inability to participate in the currents of one's era are no less dire. In our hyper-connected age of blistering technological progress, those who cannot adapt to emerging tools and paradigms face immense disadvantages. The professional realm is an unforgiving arena where obsolescence is punished with scarce job prospects and truncated career trajectories. An employee apprehensive about mastering new workplace software andprocesses, or a professional averse to continuous education to remain relevant in their field, is effectively choosing to circumscribe their own earning potential and occupational advancement.Even our personal lives and social interactions have grown intertwined with the technological momentum sweeping our societies forward. Only the stubbornly luddite would willfully deny themselves the enriching opportunities of global connectivity and informational access granted by the internet and smart devices. Meanwhile, the social spheres of today's youth exist in seamless convergence with the online digital realm in ways their predecessors could scarcely conceive of. To reject these developments outright is to relegate oneself to the status of a disengaged outsider, alienated from the zeitgeist that defines the lived experiences of one's contemporaries.It would be naive however, to interpret the necessity of immersing oneself in the currents of the times as an endorsement of reckless and indiscriminate adoption of every new fad or trend that materializes. Wisdom and discernment are paramount when navigating the breakneck pace of modern upheavals. There is a profound difference between prudently embracing beneficial innovations and heedlessly chasing emptynovelties. The endless hunger for shallow consumerist spectacle and trivial novelties peddled by our profit-driven culture industries is a vapid form of immersion that contributes little towards meaningful progression. One can still reserve judicious skepticism towards developments that appear vapid or deleterious.True immersion in the tides of one's era should involve a nuanced balance of discerning evaluation and openness to enriching experiences and positive transformations. It necessitates a pragmatic willingness to evolve one's perspectives, skill sets and habits to align with an ever-shifting Present while retaining a moral anchor of core principles. Those who can strike this delicate equilibrium position themselves to thrive as active participants shaping the narrative arcs of their time. Conversely, the insular adherents to uncompromising dogma and theclose-minded rejectors of all change are destined to dwell as outdated bystanders, deprived of agency over their own lived realities.In summary, the ability and willingness to immerse oneself in the currents that define one's era is not an optional affectation, but an existential imperative in our age of dizzying upheaval. The consequences of stubborn stagnation in the face of relentlessprogress range from the lofty and abstract - civil societies stagnating into irrelevance, to the acutely personal - individuals marginalized from professional and social prospects. While judicious discretion is advisable, a wholesale rejection of the shifting tides is a surefire path to obsolescence and disempowerment. To live a life of relevance, agency and enrichment in this tumultuous modern epoch, one must curate an openness to constantly evolving alongside the kinetic currents of their era. The alternative is to be engulfed by the whirlwinds of an accelerating world, left behind as a relic out of step with the beat of their times. In the eternal flux of human existence, evolutionary embrace or stagnant fossilization are the only paths available.篇3A Person Who Cannot Immerse Themselves in the Trends of the Times is OutdatedThe world is changing rapidly, and those who cannot keep up with the times are at risk of being left behind. In today's fast-paced society, where innovation and progress are the driving forces, a person who cannot immerse themselves in the trends of the times is undoubtedly outdated.As students, we are constantly exposed to new technologies, ideas, and ways of thinking. The educational system itself is evolving, with traditional teaching methods being supplemented or even replaced by more modern and engaging approaches. Online learning platforms, interactive whiteboards, and virtual reality simulations are just a few examples of how education is adapting to the digital age.If we fail to embrace these changes and cling to outdated methods, we risk falling behind our peers who are more open to new experiences and willing to adapt. The job market is becoming increasingly competitive, and employers are seeking candidates who possess not only academic qualifications but also the ability to think critically, problem-solve, and navigate the ever-changing landscape of their respective industries.Moreover, the world is becoming increasingly interconnected, and global awareness is more important than ever before. A person who cannot immerse themselves in the trends of the times may struggle to understand and appreciate different cultures, perspectives, and ways of life. This lack of understanding can lead to miscommunication, prejudice, and missed opportunities for personal and professional growth.However, it is important to note that embracing change does not mean blindly following every trend or abandoning our values and traditions. Rather, it involves striking a balance between preserving our cultural heritage and adapting to the demands of the modern world. We must be discerning and critical in our approach, separating passing fads from meaningful advancements that can truly improve our lives and contribute to the betterment of society.One area where this balance is particularly important is in the realm of technology. While technological advancements have undoubtedly brought numerous benefits, such as improved communication, access to information, and conveniences in daily life, we must also be mindful of the potential pitfalls. Overreliance on technology can lead to a lack of face-to-face human interaction, decreased attention spans, and a disconnection from the natural world.As students, it is our responsibility to develop a healthy relationship with technology, using it as a tool to enhance our learning and personal growth while maintaining a strong sense of self-discipline and critical thinking. We must learn to discern credible sources of information from misinformation andpropaganda, and we must cultivate the ability to analyze and interpret data objectively.Furthermore, we must recognize that progress is not limited to technological advancements alone. Social movements, political reforms, and cultural shifts also play a significant role in shaping the trends of the times. A person who cannot immerse themselves in these broader societal changes risks becoming disconnected from the issues and challenges facing our world.For example, the ongoing fight for social justice and equality is a defining aspect of our times. Movements such as Black Lives Matter, #MeToo, and LGBTQ+ rights have brought important issues to the forefront of public discourse. As students, we have a unique opportunity to engage with these conversations, to learn from diverse perspectives, and to contribute our voices to the ongoing dialogue.Similarly, environmental concerns and the urgency of addressing climate change are issues that will undoubtedly shape the future of our planet. A person who cannot immerse themselves in the trends of sustainability, renewable energy, and eco-friendly practices will be ill-equipped to navigate the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.In conclusion, a person who cannot immerse themselves in the trends of the times is undoubtedly outdated. In our rapidly changing world, adaptability, open-mindedness, and a willingness to learn and grow are essential qualities for personal and professional success. As students, we have a unique opportunity to embrace change, challenge outdated beliefs and practices, and contribute to the progress of society.However, this journey of immersion and growth is not without its challenges. We must learn to strike a balance between tradition and innovation, to think critically and discern truth from falsehood, and to maintain a strong sense of ethics and values. Only by embracing change while remaining grounded in our principles can we truly thrive in theever-evolving landscape of the times.。
时代抛弃落伍者
速发展时，却没有从传统商业环境 中转型到新的环境 中，今天将 面，破产境地。技 术发展淘汰 百年老 ｌ 每
店 不幸 成 为现 实。在 为柯 达 公 司的倒下 唏 嘘的 时候 ，我们 是否 应该 深 思 ，明天我 们该 怎样 脱胎换 骨 ， 才不 会被 时代抛 弃 ？ 摩托 罗拉 公 司曾是 手机 生产 “ 国” ，在 智 能 手机 冲 击 下 ，不得 不 委 身谷歌 旗 帝
总编寄语
Ｆ Ｒ０Ｍ ｌ １｝ Ｅ ＥＤｌ Ｔ０Ｒ
时 代 抛 弃 落 伍 者
整 个 社 会 仿 佛 是 在 一 夜 之 间 发 生 了翻 天 覆 地 的 变化 。我 们 刚 刚 经历 了主
机 、个人 计 算 机 时代 ，又一 下 子迈 入今 天 的云 计算 、 物联 网时代 。我们 有 了互 联 网、有 了苹果 、有 了 ｎ ｏ 、有 了 ａ ｂｏ、 有 了 博 、有 了 索 引擎 、有 了 Ａｄ ｉ ｒｄ Ｆｃ ｏ ｅ ｋ 微 搜 平 板 电脑 。人 们 在 信 息技 术 的推 动 下 ，怀揣 着信 息化 的 梦想 ，分 享 着信 息化 的初 步成 果 。我 们 生活 的环 境 悄 无 声 息地 发 生 着改 变，这 种 改 变也预 示 着社 会 的 商
新的时代蕴含 着新的商业环境 ，新 的商业环境推 动新的商业模式降临，新
的商 业模 式产 生新 的产 业方 式 。在 新 商 业模 式 下 ，原 来 的经 营 方 式势必 要进 行
变革。在新 的时代到来时，人们的消费习惯、企业的生产方式、产品的供应链、市场的组织格局变化
都 对原 来 的生产 组 织产 生 巨大冲击 ，在 这种 情 况下创 新是 必不 可 少 的。但是 光 有创新 恐怕还 不 够 。柯 达公 司 曾是 数 字摄影 的 发明 者 ，在 上世 纪九十年 代 也 曾经推 出过 专业 级 的数码 相机 ，但在 信 息技 术 飞
北大荒之路_1947_2047_从落伍者到领先者_胡鞍钢
一、北大荒开发奇迹与世界三大黑土地开发何谓“北大荒”？是指中国最北部地区，是世界三大黑土地带之一，因其寒冷和荒芜而被称之为“北大荒”。
特别是三江平原，一直是以狩猎和捕鱼为生的满族、赫哲族的生息之地，直至新中国成立前，依然人烟稀少，沼泽遍布，故人称：“北大荒，真荒凉，又是狍子又是狼，光长野草不打粮”——这是当时北大荒的真实写照〔3〕，也是北大荒开发的“一片空白”的历史起点。
所谓奇迹，是指“一个引起惊叹不已的事实，因为其原因深藏不露”〔4〕，“一个超越人们使用各种手段的自然力而产生的后果”〔5〕。
正是历经60多年，几代北大荒人创造了现代人类垦殖史上的“北大荒奇迹”，也是“中国农业奇迹”（即中国用世界12%的谷物生产耕地、6.5%水资源却供养了20%以上的人口）〔6〕的突出代表和重要贡献者。
由于世界三大黑土地带都分布在四季分明的寒温带，水量十分充足，黑土地有机质含量大大高于黄土几倍甚至十倍，是地域广阔、肥力最高、最适宜大规模开发的粮食生产基地。
从近代人类史上有三次大规模开发，而只有两次可称为真正的开发奇迹。
第一次开发及奇迹是美国。
由于密西西比河发源于美国西部偏北的落基山北段的群山峻岭之中，由北向南纵贯美国大平原，注入墨西哥湾，全长3950千米。
密西西比河流域黑土地约有1.8亿亩，大部分是在土壤肥沃的平原，也成为美国粮食特别是玉米最大产地。
从19世纪60年代开始的美国“西边开发”运北大荒之路(1947～2047):从落伍者到领先者〔1〕胡鞍钢〔2〕（清华大学国情研究中心）[1]本文系作者2010年8月19日在黑龙江省农垦总局报告会上的讲稿，总局党委书记兼局长隋凤富等同志参加，向世华（黑龙江省农垦经济研究所所长）、刘珉（清华大学国情研究中心博士后）协助整理。
在此感谢隋凤富同志邀请，作者2010年8月上旬到总局、建三江分局和红兴隆分局调研，高跃辉同志等陪同，并多次与隋凤富等同志交流与探讨，在此形成了讲课稿；而后作者补充了新材料，又作了修改。
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落伍者
当法国知识分子集体失语时，加缪成为唯一理性的象征。
加缪与萨特决裂，两位朋友因思想对立而陷入情绪的激烈状态。
一场争吵之后，从此势不两立：萨特狂热的追求社会主义、宣扬暴力的历史合理性，嘲笑加缪的“改良主义神话”，对苏联的白色恐怖熟视无睹……正如当时的绝大多数知识分子一样。
加缪在一群“进步青年”中显得格格不入，他宛如其中的落伍者坚守着自己和平改良的良方。
他走在这阵思潮的最后，以呵护人性价值的医生的身份坚定地“介入”历史。
身处最后，能保持自我的理性而不被疯狂的人群裹挟。
身处人群之中，则往往身不由己。
加缪并没有像伏尔泰所言“人人满面红光，手执圣旗走向邪恶”，而是在“同去同去”的盲流中睁眼看见了理想的残酷与变态，在战火之中冒险出面调停，以求和平。
勒庞在《乌合之众》中将知识分子划分为“异质性群体”，他们以理想支配着群体心理，这是稳定心理的有力基础，也是社会责任感的来源。
但与此同时，他们也拥有一切群体的特质——他们喜欢幻觉而不是真理，理性对群体毫无影响。
身处群体，就如同水滴落入大海，成为群体中可有可无的一部分，以一致的步伐运动，以统一的口号发声，失去了个人的声音，也失去了思考的能力，情感强烈且极端，对自己的力量没有清醒的认识，显得专横而偏狭……但身处其中，一切身不由己却又顺其自然。
身处最后，能选择自己的道路，走出不一样的未来。
加缪走在队伍的最后，看见了前方的悬崖，于是走上了自己的和平之路，避免了车毁人亡的惨剧。
他虽遭受了冷嘲热讽与咒骂，但历史证明他是对的。
当萨特在奋力将存在主义与社会主义结合时，加缪用《局外人》把荒谬作为对抗残酷社会的武器，以《鼠疫》体现在绝望中坚持真理的英雄主义，借《西西弗神话》谱写了一曲人道主义的篇章……他在“理想乌托邦”与现实之间选择了后者，文章中所具有的普世价值不仅为我们指点迷津，更具有永恒的现实意义。
在这条道路上，加缪走向了极致，以另一种方式实现了自己思想的传递。
今日社会，人人都在争先恐后，甚至希望在比赛之前就“赢在起跑线上”。
奋勇向前固然没错，但事事争先，盲目从众，在竞争时却不知为何而争，这种病态的心理也让人细思恐极。
加缪走在最后，成为“时代的理性”。
我们也不妨走在最后，扪心自问我为何而跑。