高中英语介词讲义

1 高中英语语法——介词 一.常见高频介词的用法： 1.against (1.)表示方位：“逆；靠着，倚靠；碰着，撞击” Birds fly slowly__________ the wind. Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back _____________ a big tree. He often stands___________ the fence and talks endlessly with my father about gardening. The girl was leaning ___________ the wall with her arms folded. (2.)表示态度：“反对；对着；违背” They got married____________her parents’ wishes. Scientists are racing_____________ time in order to find a cure for cancer as soon as possible. The invention of artifical hearts marked a turning point in the battle___________ heart disease. An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ____________ it. (3.)表示对比：“以……为背景；衬托，相应”： The skier’s red clothes stood out clearly __________the snow. Before selecting the curtain for your newly-decorated house, it’s more important to know what colors look great___________ the wall paper. Flowers look better___________ green leaves. (4.)“防备；对抗”： We will be competing __________ the best companies in Europe. Some animals store food___________ the winter. They don’t believe its goal is to defend____________ possible missile attacks from rogue countries.

2.as (1.)“作为；当作” I feel that one of my duties__________ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. New York City, also known___________Big Apple, becomes one of the world’s great business and cultural centers. __________ an eight-year-old boy, I spent most of that afternoon sitting in the shade while they sweated in the sunshine. (2.)习惯用语：as for; as to至于；关于 _________ for me, I don’t mind going there by train. _________ for the selection of business media, would you like to share some thoughts with us?

3.at (1.)表示“处于...状态” Europe was_________peace for the first time in ten years after the wars. After a rather hard time, people could 2

live________ at last. (注意：in peace“平静地、安静地”=peacefully; at peace处于和平状态) The two countries are _________ war. (2.)表示“在...时刻、钟点、岁” Children begin schooling___________ the age of five. The two brothers decided to leave _________ midnight, for they had many miles to cover. The advertisement said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale___________ a reasonable price (3.)表示速度、价格、比率:“以...” The population of the world is growing_________ a surprising rate. Gary must have driven_________ the speed of 80 miles an hour just now, for which he was given a ticket by a policeman. (4.)表示目标、方向:“对、向、朝”，这类动词有：laugh, come, aim, point He aimed_______ the target. I stared __________everything as if I were looking for the first time. My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows ________ the bird. (5.)表示“应...请求、号召、邀请” We came to Beijing_________ the invitation of my good friend who has been woeking here for three years. (6.)习惯用语：“at+名词短语”：表示“一...就...” at the sight of...一看见...就... at the sound of...一听到...就... at the thought/ ideaof...一想起...就... at the news of ...一得到...的消息,就... The girl cried _________ the sight of her mother. The terrible king’s wish was that all the people would shake in fear_________ the sound of his order. People in love with each other may feel empty and sick___________ the thought of not being together.

4.beyond (1.)表示程度:“超出，非……所能及” To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is_____________ expression in words for me. You really need to pay a visit to Shanghai since you haven’t been there for years, and you will find changes there are_____________ imagination. We must read not only between the lines, but sometimes__________ the lines so that we can fully understand the writer. (2.)表示时间:“过了，比...晚，迟于……” He delayed the matter ________ the fixed time. He came home__________ the usual time. (3.)表示位置：“在……另一边，在……更远处” The woods go for about two miles ___________ the river. 这片森林伸展到河那边大约两英里。 The small villiage is 20 miles_________ the town. 那个小村庄在离城20英里以外的地方。 3

5.by (1.)表示方法、手段：“靠、用、通过” You can reserve tickets __________ phone. 你可以通过电话订票。 He makes a living_________ selling newspapers. This kind of work is done_______hand/machine. 这种工作是手工/机器做的。 ——What do you mean __________saying “the boy is overgrowing?” ——I mean that he is tall_______ his age. (2.)表示标准、度量、数量:根据,按照,以……计算,常用结构“by＋the＋计量名词或by＋un.(weight/length/width/depth/volume)” Parcel post is charged _________ weight and mileage, without reference to contents.包裹邮递按重量和路程收费,不管所装何物。 Meat is sold________ the pound. They are paid_________ the hour. (3.)“经过、经由” If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave___________ the back door. He walked right _________ me without even saying hello.他径直从我身边走过，甚至连招呼都不打。 (4.)表示时间：“在...之前，不迟于” It will be dark_________ the time I get there. The documents need to be ready_________ next Friday. Workers will have finished the construction of the main teaching buildings_________ the end of this month. (5.)表示方位:“在...旁边，靠近”（同beside） He’s wandering, standing__________ the window as if something urgent occurred. The little girl is so timid that she always sit__________ her mother wherever they go.