(强烈推荐)浅析《愤怒的葡萄》中汤姆的转变_毕业论文设计

(此文档为word格式，下载后您可任意编辑修改！)本科生毕业论文（设计）册学院汇华学院专业英语专业班级 2007级9班学生赵兴凯指导教师南方河北师范大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书论文（设计）题目：浅析《愤怒的葡萄》中汤姆的转变学院：汇华学院专业：英语班级： 2007级9班副教授1、论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务研究目标：通过对目标人物转变的分析，加深对作品的理解，通过对人物转变原因的分析，体会作者的人物塑造技巧主要任务：研究目标人物的转变及其转变的原意2、论文（设计）的主要内容汤姆的转变及其转变的原因，转变主要涉及汤姆由一个个人主义者变为一个集体主义者，由一个无信仰的囚徒变为一个坚持信仰的信徒。

3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线基础条件：对作品的整体阅读，对人物命运的具体研究，对背景知识的理解和把握研究路线：以人物命运的转变为主线，着力表现时代大背景下的人物命运，4、主要参考文献1. 斯坦贝克:(愤怒的葡萄》，胡仲持译，上海译文出版社，2003年版。

2. 常耀信.美国文学简史.天津:南开大学出版社，20033. Benson Jackson. The True Adventures of John Steinbeck. New York:Viking,1984.4. John Steinbeck. The Grapes of Wrath(New York: Viking,1996),p4285、计划进度指导教师：年月日教研室主任：年月日注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份河北师范大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书汇华学院英语专业 2011 届河北师范大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述本科生毕业论文（设计）册学院汇华学院专业英语专业班级 2007级9班学生赵兴凯指导教师南方本科生毕业论文设计题目浅析《愤怒的葡萄》中汤姆的转变作者姓名赵兴凯指导教师南方所在学院汇华学院专业（系）英语专业班级（届） 2011届9班完成日期 2011 年 5 月 8 日The Analysis of Tom‟s Transition inThe Grapes of WrathByZhao XingkaiProf. Nan Fang ,TutorA ThesisSubmitted to the Foreign LanguagesInstitute in Partial Fulfillment of theRequirementsfor the Degree of Bachelor of Arts atHebei Normal UniversityMay 8th, 2011Contents Introduction……………………………………………(1)A. The life experience of Steinbeck………………(2)B. The background of the story…………………(3)Chapter One From an individualist to a collectivist …(3)A. To make life by (11)A.The biblical influenc e ……………………(13)B. The naturalism and social surroundings………(14)Conclusion …………………………………………(15)Bibliography ………………………………………(16)Notes ………………………………………………(17)摘要约翰.斯坦贝克生于1902年加利福尼亚的山谷，并攻读于斯坦福大学评》和《人鼠之间》。

斯坦贝克的主要的贡献还包括《珍珠》《罐头工厂街》，《伊甸园以东》和《愤怒的葡萄》。

斯坦贝克于1962年获得了诺贝尔文学奖，而他最为人所知的作品《愤怒的葡萄》被认为是20世纪的经典作品。

这部作品描写了移民乔德一家，被驱赶离开自己的土地，由俄克拉巴马州移民到加利福尼亚州的历史史诗，深刻的讨论了流动工人的悲惨生活。

许多美国人，尤其是加利福尼亚州人对这些移民一直持有歧视和偏见，对他们进行虐待和剥削，使得移民在加利福尼亚州的生活十分悲惨：在《愤怒的葡萄》中，通过把一家的故事生动地再现了移民们的经历。

此文讨论了斯坦贝克对乔德的人物塑造，当作者写《愤怒的葡萄》时，美国仍旧处在经济大萧条时期。

大萧条不仅是经济上的灾难，而且也造成了精神上的危机。

这部小说展现了压迫者和受压迫者之间激烈地冲突，《愤怒的葡萄》是美国文学里程碑式的著作，描写了经济萧条时期人们对于公正和平等本质的探讨和人们在这一时期的恐慌。

整篇文章可分为4部分，介绍的主要是书的作者和作品的主要背景，第一章，介绍了乔德由个人主义到集体主义的转变，第二章，介绍了乔德由世俗中人向坚持自我信仰的转变，第三章，主要描述了造成这种转变的原因，是由当时的社会环境和主导思想所决定。

关键词：转变，个人主义，集体主义，信仰，自然主义AbstractAn American novelist, story writer, playwright, and essayist, John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California in 1902 and attended Stanford University intermittently. As an author of more than thirty books, Steinbeck achieved . His major contributions to literature also include The Pearl, Cannery Row, East of Eden, and The Grapes of Wrath. Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962. He is best remembered for The Grapes of Wrath , a novel widely considered to be a twentieth centuryclassic. The epic about the migration of the Joads , driven from its bit of land in Oklahoma to California, touched off a wide debate about the agricultural reform into effect. "A portrait of the bitter conflict between the powerful and the powerless, of one man's fierce reaction to injustice, and of a people's quiet, stoical strength, The Grapes of Wrath is a landmark of American literature, one that captures the as it probes into the very nature of equality and justice in America."'（1）(Benson,1984:376) The study of John Steinbeck in this thesis centers on the figures of The Grapes of Wrath, and the whole thesis is divided into four parts: Introduction of the author , the man and individualist to a collectivist ; chapter two ,From a worldly prisoner to a christen , chapter three, The causes for Tom‟s transition. The introduction about Steinbeck and and contributions to American literature. The chapter one shows some ideas about the individual and collective thoughts of Tom Joad, the one show the changes take place on Tom‟s body and mind, and the results of the changes brought about. The chapter two provides the basic information about the Tom‟s changes from a worldly prisoner to a disciple. The chapter three shows the causes for the transition, and analysis the social surroundings and the dominant ideas in that period.Key words: transition：individualist：collectivist ：worldliness ：disciple IntroductionA The Life Experience of John SteinbeckAn American novelist, short story writer and journalist, John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California in 1902 .His father was agovernment official ,and 1919 and 1925. Steinbeck did not graduate from the University , but instead chose to support assistant chemist and a road-building worker and was once employed on ranches, which enabled California provided firsthand observation of the attitudes, manners and language of the working men, and consequently lent authenticity to of the lives of the laborers who are the central characters of the Salinas Valley of California or selection of various laboring jobs, figures largely in the source material of Steinbeck's writings. In an age when so many Americans turned away from their native country as a source of inspiration, Steinbeck was an important exception. A commitment to 1930s, John Steinbeck's residency in California ranks as the most professional element of and subject matter mainly from land and people, Steinbeck is surely one of the most American of all modern American writers.Critics Steinbeck's first novel Cup of Gold, a romantic , it attracted little attention. His two subsequent novels, The Pastures of Heaven and To a God Unknown, again brought Steinbeck neither fame nor fortune. All these three novels were unsuccessful both critically and commercially. Steinbeck's reputation as a writer firmly established owing to the circulation of such books as Tortilla Flat, In Dubious Battle and Of Mice and Men. It was with the publication of Tortilla Flat that Steinbeck achieved Tortilla Flat the regional folk material of The Pastures of Heaven, fame that was to grow throughout the rest of the decade. when Dubious Battle appeared and Of Mice and Men appeared. Coming out in the midst of the Great Depression, these books fulfilled a strong cultural expectation of the reading public and created a climate for Steinbeck's first"big" book The Grapes of Wrath.All of them were immensely popular and closely associated with the social and political environment of 1930s America. The Grapes of Wrath , when published, made a tremendous stir in the country. Owing to the success of these books, Steinbeck was once considered as "the young American novelist whose future seems most exciting and most assured."2(Ibid:35) With The Grapes of Wrath, for which , became the foremost novelist in American fiction and won such a label as the spokesman of the 1930s and one of the representatives of the 1930s .This period the stereotype of Steinbeck's criticism. Much of the body of criticism of Steinbeck's writings founded on the works produced by this period. On the whole, it was a period when Steinbeck became mature in art, and produced the sharp contras between illusion and reality. It is evident in retrospect that in career demonstrated a gradual break from the fiction of the late 1930s. "His works were the Second World War broke out in Europe, in America was at its lowest ebb. He for seven years; and Americans, widely reviewed, being mistakenly regarded as merely a glossy coffee table book.B The Background of the StoryThe 1930s is a turbulent times ,strikes took places in several big cities because of industrial depression and uneven distribution of wealth; the rate of unemployment went up due to the oversupply of goods ;farmers were driven off their land owing to the poor the collapse of the Stock Market in 1929,known as the Crash ,which marked the beginning of the Great Economic Depression in the 1930s.Besides, politicalcorruptions ,organized crimes ,the growth of radical labor force ,and the terrorist drive of the Ku Klux Klan made an already disorderly world even more turbulent. The Grapes of Wrath proves to be a symbolic journey of man on the way to finding some truth about life and social conditions, and a record of the dispossessed and the wretched farmers during the Great Depression as well.The title of the book comes from …The Battle Hymn of the Republic ,‟ a war song of the Civil War, in which there are the lines …Mine eyes the glory of the coming of the Lord. The Great Depression throws the country into country into abject chaos and makes life intolerable for the luckless millions. One of the worst stricken areas is the central prairie lands. There the farmers become bankrupt and begin to move in a body toward California, where they experience for families like the Joads .There is unspeakable pain and suffering on the road , and death occurs frequently .Everywhere they reach California and try to settle down, they meet with bitter resistance from the local landowners. What the novel presents us is the classic tale of the Great Depression in the Sun-belt and the animating myth that of the Garden and man's struggle to get back to it.Besides, In November 1933, a gigantic dust cloud rose over area of the United States stretching from Texas to South Dakota; it was a symbol of the store for mid-western and southwestern tanners. As the drought worsened, the topsoil of this region was lifted and blew away by the constant winds. We of this phenomenon in the first chapter of the novel. The opening line of the novel is panoramic as it evokes "the red country and part of the gray country of Oklahoma, the last rains came gently, and they did not cut thescarred earth." Following this panoramic, generalized opening, the paragraph begins to focus on "the plows crossed and re-crossed the rivulet marks." And finally, from the vague, impressionistic opening image, our vision moves from the distant, "the growing corn", to the very close description, the "line of brown" that spreads “along the edge of each green bayonet." And then the novel begins to register broader details of clouds and generalized "weeds" until the paragraph ends where it begins, with a panoramic image of the earth, which "became pale, pink: in the red country and white in the gray country."4(Ibid,256).The influence of the Great Depression and the natural disaster seem to show the appearing of the story, the life experience of the farmers in this period is the sources of the farmers in the story. They are the stereotypes of the figures in the story.Chapter I From an Individualist to a collectivistA．To Make Life by HimselfIn the Grapes of wrath, the Joads experience the process from the pursuit of Tom‟s mind. In chapter one, the interests of the whole family, that is to say , Tom in this period was individual, in the early time, very much , and show little sympathy on the broken farmers who driven off their land , the indifferent thoughts about them was evidenced that Tom think island , in some degree , all the people moving west ,for example, .In chapter Four, when Casy explains them, because at that timereleased from prison and the latter part of the novel , when repairing cars , over all the people moving west:“Goddamn it !” Tom cried. “‟ one foot in front a the others. Idone it at Mac for four years , just marchin‟ in cell an‟ out cellan‟ in mess. Jesus Christ . I thought it‟d be somepin differencewhen I come out ! Couldn‟t think a nothin‟ in there, else yougo stir ‟ now can‟t think a nothing 5(Steinbeck,1996:23) He expresses the individualistic thoughts on the west movement that the business of the others., Tom is seen as a selfish prisoner and an individualistic farmer, when they arrived in California , they do not trust the other farmers, and so they do not unit together to fight for their rights and dignity in the early times, and the economic individualism bring Tom the selfish behavior and choice until in the murder of Jim Casy, Tom was frightened by the devil policemen, the only reason is that not accept the collectivism deep in the migrant lifestyle portrayed in the book, Tom is motivated by the actualization of the individual dreams. And Such an individual consciousness first exists in the Joads themselves. The Joads are close to the natural processes and rhythms of life. They are farmers who and little association with town or city. Their intense and instinctive commitment to family unity and preservation is a superficially attractive but nevertheless narrow and limited form of self-absorption. This is exemplified by their preparation for the journey. Well before the arrival of Tom and Casy the able members of the family work to prepare for life on the road, which is only limited to their family.B To Achieve Through UnityTheir miserable experiences teach them that unity will empower them to overcome difficulties. In the face of adversity, the livelihood of the migrants depends upon their union. the description show the starting point of the transition of Tom, for example,Chapter 14 states the growth of the group concept as a shift in the thinking of Tom from an individualist to a collectivist , The narrative context is Grandpa's illness and death and the unity of the Joads and the Wilsons. "We are thankful to you folks." 6(Steinbeck, 1996:356) Pa said. "We are proud to . Chapter 15 suggests that the Joads' ordeal is a moral experience that affects the society at large. Chapter 17 continues the theme that the experiences on the road further the growth of the group concept: "In the evening a strange thing were the children of all. Theloss of time in the West was one dream………:Every night aworld created, complete with furniture-friends made andenemies established; a world complete with braggarts and withcowards, with quiet men, with , with kindly men. Every nightrelationships that make a world established; and everymorning the world torn down like a circus emerged, then lawswere made, then codes came into bein g.”8(Ibid ,458) And as theworlds moved westward they were more complete and betterfurnished, for their builders were more experienced in buildingthem.As Tom eventually realizes, " of their consciousness from an individualist to a collectivist. In terms of this, it is an impassioned story of the ironic exodus not only from the meantime from individualism to。