虚拟语气讲义

虚拟语气的介绍一、含义虚拟语气表示说话的人的一种愿望、意见、命令、要求，有时候是一种非真实的假设、料想或者是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。

二、分类虚拟语气通常有两种形式，一种是be 型虚拟，即不管主语是什么人称，动词一律采用动词原形。

另一种是were型虚拟，即主语不管是什么人称，动词一律采用were这种表示过去的某种时态形式。

三、be 型虚拟语气的用法He suggested that everybody （should） leave this dangerous place as soon s possible.从上面一个例子我们可以看出，即在主语不管是何人称，主句的谓语是什么时态，后面的从句中我们都是采用动词原形。

be型虚拟中间的should 可以省略。

再举一个例子：She insisted that she (should) go to the south for her holiday.1.用于表示命令，决定，建议等词语之后的that分句中a)用在decide, decree，demand, insist, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest,等动词之后的that-分句中。

The doctor insisted that he not eat meat.The government has decided that the road be rebuilt.We propose that the English teacher be replaced.b)用在advisable（明智，可取的），appropriate, desirable, essential, urgent, imperative（紧急，重要，亟待处理的）, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory（必须的，强制的）, proper等形容词之后的that-分句中。

It’s necessary that he come back without delay.I think it would be advisable that they be here right now.It’s important that we should do our best.c)用在decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution等名词之后的that-从句中。

（还是表示命令，建议，决定的词，只不过是名词而已）。

Your advice that she wait till next week is reasonable.We were quite angry about his demand that more food be given out.2.if,in case, lest, though，whatever, so long as 引导的分句中。

这一块目前只需了解if 的用法。

其他暂时不需掌握。

其实if 后引导的从句如果里面加上了should,则表示某事不是太可能发生。

If you should change your mind, do let me know.这里should也可以放在主语前，形成倒装的形式。

Should you change your mind, do let me know.Should anyone phone, please tell them I’m busy.当然在非正式的用语中，也可以直接使用陈述式结构。

四.were 型虚拟。

这就是我们经常说的，对将来，现在，过去的一种不切实际的假设或者是根本上与事实不符的一种假设或愿望。

1. if 引导的条件状语从句表示与事实相反或虚构的假设，a.和现在事实相反的假设，If + 过去时，主句为would/should/could/might+动词原形（过去将来时）如：If I were you, I would study hard./ If he had enough money, he would buy a computer.b.和过去事实相反的假设If +过去完成时，主句为would/should/could/might +have done如：If you had come five minutes earlier, you would have met him.If they had been treated in time, they would not have died.c.和将来事实相反的假设如：If I were to do it, I would do it in another day.If it rained tomorrow, we wouldn’t be able to go on picnic.2.用介词短语代替条件状语从句的虚拟，常用的介词有with, without, but for.（主句时态与上面相同）如：Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.3..在wish, would rather(宁愿), if only 引导的从句后，表示一种愿望。

I wish it were spring all year round.I wish I could fly.I wish I had met that film star yesterday.How I wish it would be fine tomorrow!If only I were not so nervous.I’d rather I weren’t at the site of the accident.4.as if ,as though引导的从句中表示一种与事实相反的情况，则也采用虚拟语气。

It looks as if the old man could live another 10 years.The old man is lying on the ground as if he were dead.They ran as fast as they could as if a ghost were chasing them.He ate as if he hadn’t had a meal for years在3,4这两点中，对过去的虚拟都采用had done的形式。

对现在进行时的虚拟用were doing 的形式。

对现在的虚拟用一般过去时的形式。

对将来时的虚拟采用would/should /could/might do 的形式。

即所有的时态往后退一个。

比较if only与only ifonly if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。

I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.If only the alarm clock had rung.5. It is time that从句中也是采用虚拟语气。

It is time that everybody set out.It is high time that we had lunch.6.如果从句中有were、had或者should时，则可以省略if，并将were、had或者should提前至句首，构成部分倒装，但如果是否定句，则否定词not不提前。

如：Were I to be young again, I would study medicine./ If I were to be young again, I would study medicine. Had you not left so early, you might have missed the train.If you had not left so early, you might have missed the train.If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.Had it not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.2.在虚拟语气第一和第三人称单数可以采用was,也可以采用were.但在If I were you,和 as it were(宛如，好比)中我们只用were.The smile on her face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the diamonds.He is my best friend, my second self, as it were.Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their subjunctive forms.1. If I (be) you, I shouldn’t do it.2. He behaves as if he (be) better than us.3. It is essential that he (have) all the facts.4. I wish he (pass) all the exams.5. We suggest that the meeting (be)delayed till next week.6. If I felt overtired, I ( not go) on.7. I think it advisable that a secretary (be) employed at once.8. He advised that she (wait) for a few weeks.9. He spoke to her as if she (be) a stranger.10. I’d play football if I (be) younger.11. It is necessary that every member (know) of the school rules.12. If need (be), we can always bring another car.13. I require that they (come)by ten.16. God (bless) you!17. Long (live) my beloved.18. They made a decision that all schools (remain) closed for the moment.19. He insisted that we (go) to his birthday party.20. Whatever (be)his excuse, he is not an incompetent worker.21 What would you do about the problem if you (be) in my shoe?22. If I (earn) a good salary, I wouldn’t think of changing my job.23. If he (say) such a thing to me, I would tell him to mind his own business.25.If only he (admit) he was wrong, his friends might have mercy on him.26. If we had caught the 10 o’clock train, we (get) there by lunchtime.27. We (call ) you if we had known your telephone number.28. If he (take) the medicine, she would have felt much better.29. If she had read the book, she (know) what I meant.30. If he were to get in touch with me, I (explain.)。