Study of the Character of Frankenstein
英语书中的诡异细节作文
英语书中的诡异细节作文Possible essay:The Eerie Details in English Literature。
English literature is full of eerie details that create a sense of mystery, suspense, and horror. From haunted houses to cursed objects, from ghosts to monsters, from madness to death, these elements of the supernatural and the uncanny add depth and complexity to the stories and characters that we read and remember. In this essay, I will explore some of the most memorable examples of these eerie details in English literature, and analyze their significance and impact.One of the most iconic symbols of the eerie in English literature is the haunted house. Whether it is the decaying mansion of Miss Havisham in Charles Dickens' "Great Expectations", the isolated manor of the Baskervilles in Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Hound of the Baskervilles", orthe cursed castle of Dracula in Bram Stoker's "Dracula", the haunted house represents a space that is both familiar and unfamiliar, both safe and dangerous, both real and unreal. The haunted house is often associated with a tragic or traumatic event that has left a lingering presence, such as a murder, a suicide, or a betrayal. The haunted house can also be a metaphor for the human psyche, with its hidden fears, desires, and secrets. By using the haunted house as a setting, the authors of these works create a sense of unease and suspense that draws the reader into the story and makes them question what is real and what is imagined.Another eerie detail in English literature is the cursed object. This can be anything from a cursed diamondin Wilkie Collins' "The Moonstone", to a cursed portrait in Oscar Wilde's "The Picture of Dorian Gray", to a cursed book in H.P. Lovecraft's "The Necronomicon". The cursed object represents a temptation or a threat that has supernatural powers and can corrupt or destroy those who possess it. The cursed object can also be a symbol of the human desire for power, wealth, or knowledge, and theconsequences of pursuing these goals without regard for morality or ethics. By using the cursed object as a plot device, the authors of these works create a sense of foreboding and dread that adds depth and complexity to the characters and their motivations.A third eerie detail in English literature is the ghost. This can be a literal ghost, such as the ghost of Hamlet's father in William Shakespeare's "Hamlet", or a metaphorical ghost, such as the ghost of guilt or regret in Edgar Allan Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart". The ghost represents a presence from the past that haunts the present and affects the future. The ghost can also be a symbol of the humanneed for closure, forgiveness, or redemption, and the consequences of denying or suppressing these needs. Byusing the ghost as a motif, the authors of these works create a sense of ambiguity and complexity that challenges the reader's assumptions and expectations.A fourth eerie detail in English literature is the monster. This can be a literal monster, such as the monster in Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein", or a metaphorical monster,such as the monster of prejudice or injustice in HarperLee's "To Kill a Mockingbird". The monster represents a threat or an otherness that challenges the norms and values of society. The monster can also be a symbol of the human capacity for cruelty, violence, or intolerance, and the consequences of denying or confronting this capacity. By using the monster as a character, the authors of theseworks create a sense of empathy and reflection that invites the reader to question their own prejudices and assumptions.A fifth eerie detail in English literature is the madness. This can be a literal madness, such as the madness of Bertha Mason in Charlotte Bronte's "Jane Eyre", or a metaphorical madness, such as the madness of obsession or delusion in Emily Bronte's "Wuthering Heights". The madness represents a state of mind that is irrational, unpredictable, and uncontrollable. The madness can also bea symbol of the human struggle for identity, autonomy, or meaning, and the consequences of denying or embracing this struggle. By using the madness as a theme, the authors of these works create a sense of tension and ambiguity that challenges the reader's perception and interpretation.A sixth eerie detail in English literature is the death. This can be a literal death, such as the death of Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet", or a metaphorical death, such as the death of innocence or hopein J.D. Salinger's "The Catcher in the Rye". The death represents a finality that is inevitable, irreversible, and universal. The death can also be a symbol of the human condition of mortality, fragility, and impermanence, andthe consequences of accepting or resisting this condition. By using the death as a motif, the authors of these works create a sense of catharsis and reflection that invites the reader to contemplate their own mortality and legacy.In conclusion, English literature is full of eerie details that enrich and enhance our reading experience. Whether it is the haunted house, the cursed object, the ghost, the monster, the madness, or the death, these elements of the supernatural and the uncanny offer us a glimpse into the human psyche and the human condition. By exploring these eerie details, we can deepen our understanding and appreciation of English literature, andconnect with the timeless themes and issues that it addresses.。
典范英语10 弗莱克斯坦故事介绍
© 2009 Eyeblaster. All rights reserved
Frankenstein wanted fame as a scientist. He wanted to find the secrets of life so that all people live with out the fear of death.
But something went wrong----his creation was a monster, ugly and strong. Even Frankenstein could not look on his creation with love---but only with fear. No one gave the monster a chance. All he looked for was friendship until he found that
Lonely and desperate Blind and kind brave Dark-haired pretty girl
The sister
Agatha
Pretty and gentle
Robert Walton: Ship captain who takes Victor aboard in the Arctic. He listens to and writes down Victor’s strange story.
© 2009 Eyeblaster. All rights reserved
Frankenstein
• "Frankenstein" (The Modern Prometheus) is first "science fiction" in western literature, which is born in the Geneva lake by the Mary Shelley (Mary Woolstonecraft Shelley) hand. Originally published in 1818, more popular versions are published in 1831 as the third edition, which belongs to the Gothic novels influenced by the romantic influence. Later, some scholars think that the origin of the story can be viewed as a horror fiction or science fiction. The origin of the novel Frankenstein, is also the mad doctor in the story.
初三英语文学作品赏析单选题40题
初三英语文学作品赏析单选题40题1.In the novel "Oliver Twist", Oliver is mainly characterized by his _____.A.cunningB.braveryC.kindnessD.cruelty答案：C。
Oliver Twist 这个人物在小说中主要以善良著称。
选项A“cunning”（ 狡猾）不符合Oliver 的性格；选项B“bravery”（ 勇敢）在小说中不是Oliver 的主要特点；选项D“cruelty”（ 残忍）与Oliver 完全相反。
2.In "Jane Eyre", Jane is known for her _____.A.arroganceB.timidityC.independenceD.submissiveness答案：C。
Jane Eyre 以独立著称。
选项A“arrogance”（傲慢）不是Jane 的性格；选项B“timidity” 胆小）与Jane 不符；选项D“submissiveness” 顺从）也不符合Jane 的人物特点。
3.In "Pride and Prejudice", Elizabeth Bennet is admired for her _____.A.vanityB.intelligenceC.stupidityD.pettiness答案：B。
Elizabeth Bennet 在（傲慢与偏见》中以聪明才智被人赞赏。
选项A“vanity”（虚荣）不对；选项C“stupidity”（愚蠢）不符合；选项D“pettiness” 小气）也不是她的特点。
4.In "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer", Tom is best described as _____.zyB.cowardlyC.adventurousD.boring答案：C。
英国文学习题
英国文学习题与练习Week 2Early and Medieval English LiteratureReference Questions:1.Who were the earliest settlers of Britton/England? What do you know about them(home, language, belief, life style)?2.What are the 3 conquests? What effects they had upon the nation?3.Ideologically what is the most significant change in people’s spiritual life?4.How was the nation developed politically or what changes were there in the formof the social structure?5.In terms of literature, what influence had the French upon England?6.How many languages were spoken during the French reign? How do youunderstand modern English as a language?7.What was the essence of Christian doctrine preached at the time? Was there anyignoble reason behind it?8.Why was the Middle Ages known as the Dark Ages?9.What was the form of literature at the time? What features does it have?10.What are the 3 periods/stages of Chaucer’s literary career?11.In what way do we call Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales the first work of Englishliterature?Text study: Chaucer’s Canter bury Tales(6-7)1.What is image of the nun?2.Is she favorably and admirably or satirically portrayed? How?3.What figures of speech are used?Week 3Renaissance (1)Reference questions:1.What is Renaissance? How and why did it come about?2.What is the development of drama? What were the original forms and content andpractice of drama?3.Why did drama flourish in Elizabethan age? Who are the major playwrights of thetime?4.Who is Marlowe? What contributions did he make to English drama?5.Who is Shakespeare? What famous and great plays (history, comedy, tragedy)?What features?6.What did Ben Jonson write about? What representative work?7.Prepare the excerpt from Hamlet (31-32). What is it mainly about? What humanistidea can you find in the soliloquy?8.What was the most important translation of the time?Week 4Renaissance (2)Reference questions on Shakespeare and Hamlet:1.Why is Shakespeare an eternal subject of study? Where lies his greatness?2.What are the themes of Hamlet?3.What is the significance of Hamlet as a character?4.What is blank verse?5.What is soliloquy?Text study Hamlet’s soliloquy “To be or not to be” (31-32)1.What is the main idea of Hamlet’s soliloquy? Summarize in one or two sentencesthe main idea of the soliloquy?2.How does the soliloquy reflect the spirit of the time or the idea of humanism?3.How do you analyze Hamlet’s argument in terms of structure?Week 5Renaissance (3)Questions for Renaissance poetry and prose:1.Who was thought to be the greatest English poet since Chaucer? What is hisrepresentative work? What are the features of this poem?2.What new forms (rhyme—blank verse, stanza--sonnet) of poetry were introducedinto England? By whom?3.Who were the famous sonneteers of the time?4.How do you tell an Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet from an English (a Shakespearean)one?5.How many sonnets did Shakespeare write? What are the major subjects?6.Who were the two major prose writers? What is Utopia? Where do you thinkMore possibly got the idea or was it all his own invention? How do you interpret the title of the book?7.What contribution did Bacon make to the English system of thinking andlearning?8.What’s the purpose of his Essays?9.Based on your reading of his work, give your personal impression of/comment onhis Essays?10.The English Renaissance period is known for its translations. What are the mostimportant translations of this age?Text studyQuestions on Sonnet 18 by Shakespeare (58):1.What is the English sonnet form? Study the metrical and rhyme scheme as wellas the structure?2.What’s the main idea? Is it really about love? What is peculiar of this love poem?3.What figures of speech are used?Questions on “Of Studies” by F. Bacon (52-53):1.How do you define the style?2.Study the essay by comparing the English version with the translation of MrWang. How do you like the Chinese version?3.Paraphrase and comment on sentences 1-6, 10-12.Week 6Revolution and RestorationReference questions:1. What was the most important social event during the mid-17th century?2. What were the two most popular forms of lyric?3. Why is Milton the greatest poet of the period? What is the significance of ParadiseLost?Text study:Paradise Lost by John Milton(67-68)1.What is the historical background of the work?2.As a transitional writer, how does Milton combine his humanistic ideas with hisPuritan ideas?3.What is the image and the significance of Satan in the two extracts?4.What philosophy can we get from the text?Week 718th century Enlightenment(1)Questions:1.What was the most important intellectual event of the time?2.The 18th century is called an age of the bourgeoisie. Why? And what effect it hadon literature of the century?3.Why did English novel appear in this century?4.What are the major forms of literature?5.What have neo-classicism and realism got to do with the EnlightenmentMovement?6.Why did literature of Sentimentality and Gothicism come into being in the latterpart of the century?Text study: J. Swift’s “A Modest Proposal” (81-89)1.How do you describe the narrator’s to ne?2.What or who are the targets of Swift’s mockery?3.Is the proposal modest? Prove your point.Week 818th century Enlightenment(2)Text study:An Essay on Man by A. Pope(89-90)1.What is heroic couplet?2.What is the poetic pattern?3.What are the themes of the two extracts?4.Paraphrase the texts or tell in brief your interpretation.“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” by Thomas Gray (91-92)1.What do you know of the Graveyard poetry?2.What is the poetic pattern?3.What is the predominant mood?4.What is the theme ?5.Summarize each stanza in your own words.Week 919th-century Romanticism (1)Questions:1.How is the period defined in time?2.What was the historical background, politically, economically and ideologically?3.What was the predominant genre of literature? Who were the important writers ofthe time?4.In what way was romanticist literature different from that of neoclassicism in the18th century, such as in form, guiding principle, subject matter, purpose, style, etc.?Text study: “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by Wordsworth (103)1.What is the theme?2.What is the predominant image?3.How does it reflect the poet’s idea of romantic poetry?4.What is the poetic pattern?5.Paraphrase each stanza in one sentence.Week 1019th-century Romanticism (2)Text study:“The World Is Too Much with Us” by Wordsworth (116-7)1.What is the theme, i.e. the meaning, of the first line?2.What romantic ideas does it advocate?3.What type of sonnet form it is?4.What romantic spirit does it represent?5.Paraphrase the poem in your own words.“Ode on a Grecian Urn” by John Keats (109-110)1.What is the theme of the poem?2.What is the rhyme scheme?3.What romantic feature does the poem reflect?4.Summarize each stanza in one or two sentences.Week 11Victorian Literature (1)Questions:1.What is the historical background politically, economically and ideologically?2.What is the predominant form of literature during this period?3.Who are the representative writers? And what was the literary tendency?4.What changes came about towards the end of the century?Week 12-13Victorian Literature (2)(3)Suggested Topics for workshop on Frankenstein by Mary Shelley[be sure to support your argument with evidence from the text]1.Creator vs. CreatureWhat is the relation between the creator and the creature?[Prometheus and Zeus; Adam and Eve and God; Monster and Victor; Parents and Victor]2.G rowth and Corruption of the MonsterWhat kind of a creature is he at first? Why and how does he change? What does he become?3.P sychoanalytical Study of FrankensteinWhy does he create the monster? In what way is the monster a reflection of himself/his inner desire? Can you apply Freudian theory of id, ego, and superego or his theory of dreams to the study of the character of Victor? What dual structure is there within him?4.The Novel and the AuthorWhy did Mary create the monster/the book? What’s the revelation of the experience (love, hatred, fear, guilt), personality, and interest of the author as reflected in the novel?5.Frankenstein, the First Science FictionWhat is scien-fiction? What scien-fictional features are there? What gothic elements?6.The Modern PrometheusHow has the concept of creation (material, way, purpose & result)changed from that in the Bible? What message is left about modern science?7.Women in Modern lifeWhat role do women play in modern life as reflected in the novel?8.The Relayed Narration/ On the Narrative StructureHow and by whom is the story told? Why three different narrators? How is the narration related to the theme development?9.The Journey of Exploration and DiscoveryWhat is the purpose of Walton’s journey? What is his actual discovery?10.The StyleWhat is the style of the novel? And what strength and weakness?Week 1420th-century Literature (1)Reference questions:1.What is the historical background of the period?2.What is modernism?3.What is postmodernism?Week 1520th-century Literature (2)Text study:Extract from Mrs Dalloway by V. Woolf (handout)1.What is stream-of-consciousness?2.How is the heroine’s character split into two or portrayed at two different levels? Extract from Ulysses by James Joyce (handout)1. How is random thought portrayed?Week 1620th-century Literature (3)Text study: “Eveline” by James Joyce (192-195)1.What is setting, historical and social?2.Why makes Eveline decide not to go away with her boyfriend? How is epiphanyachieved?3.How does the story contribute to the theme of the work---Dubliners---as awhole?。
科学怪人 Frankenstein 全英讲解
精选可编辑ppt
10
However, the people were so full of fear that they ran him out of town even though he had hurt no one.
精选可编辑ppt
11
The monster hid in a cottage. And he built a good relationship with a blind old man. He helped him do the housework.
精选可编辑ppt
14
Frankenstein promised the monster and started to make a female monster. However ,finally he destroyed the thing he had half-made because he feared that he created another killer..
2. The monster is 100% man-made. While Pygmalion’s statue was changed to a beautiful woman by the goddess of love.
精选可编辑ppt
20
3.Two very different endings
Background of Frankenstein The story of Frankenstein
Video time Question
精选可编辑ppt
2
Background of Frankenstein
Frankenstein is a novel written by Mary Shelley about a creature produced by scientific experiment.
弗兰肯斯坦读后感(英文)
弗兰肯斯坦读后感（英文）Frankenstein is enormously important as a prototype for science fiction and as an early feminist work.Background of Frankensteincentury London to two influential writers. Mary Shelley was born in 18th-Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, was a radical feminist who diedafter giving birth to Mary, and her father, William Godwin, raised her alone.Mary left home at 16, married Percy Shelley after his first wife's suicide, and wrote Frankenstein in a writer's challenge from Lord Byron in 1816-1817. The story, based on a horrendous vision, was composed during sweeping life changes. Frankenstein was published anonymously in 1818. However, the story is enduring in its psychological drama, questions asked, and memorable characterizations. The story has adapted to many forms, with each adaptation telling a very different version of Shelley's original tale.Frankenstein is an advisory notice done up in gothic costume, warning post-industrial society about the explosion of scientific knowledge and its potential misapplication and the subsequent dehumanization of mankind. Much as the silent sci-fi film Metropolis warned of the need for labor unions, Frankenstein warned of the need for considered action in the use of knowledge, and the alienation in storefor driven knowledge seekers. In Frankenstein, Shelley asks who exactly the real monster is.About the Novel: FrankensteinIn the beginning, Dr. Frankenstein is rescued from an ice flow inthe sea near the North Pole. Chased through the Arctic by his Creature, Victor Frankenstein is saved by Captain Walton, who listens to the tale of the quest for knowledge--all gone wrong. Victor describes his childhood as a paradise, where his mother and father indulged him. But, his parents also failed to teach him reality, cause-and-effect, or the principles of respect. With these deficiencies, he considered his adopted sister Elizabeth a possession that he married to own.Elizabeth could not help Victor overcome his addiction to creating a superhuman species. Victor achieved the goal of his addiction and was subsequently repulsed by it. Elizabeth was quite literally killed by his addiction as Victor's Creature destroyed everything that was dear to him. His parents had abandoned his soul in their enabling, and he abandoned his own creation without a name and without a thought.Frankenstein reveals three generations of monsters--personified in Victor's mother, Victor, and the Creature. In addition, Elizabethwas reduced to monster status in her treatment as an object, and Mary Shelley herself was a monster (an educated feminist) who could not put her name to her own work.Victor, the Creature, and Mary Shelley were all different from the mainstream society that rejected them as monstrous: a radical scientist,an inhuman creation, and a feminist without a mother. Victor lost everyone of value, Shelley lost her mother at birth, and the Creature could not fit in anywhere. The Creature's abandonment by parent and society is similar to that of the feminist for over two centuries. Feminists were scorned and abandoned as they obtained knowledge and subsequent power to participate more fully in societies. As portrayed in Katja von Garnier's 2004 film Iron Jawed Angels, feminists were attacked, beaten, and shunned, just as was the Creature in Frankenstein. Shelley must have felt such abandonment and rejection, considering that herfather educated her extensively, but she could not sign her own book.。
frankenstein英文故事梗概
frankenstein英文故事梗概篇一：Title: Frankenstein - Summary of the English StoryIn the 19th century, a brilliant young scientist named Victor Frankenstein becomes obsessed with unlocking the secrets of life and death. Through his studies, he discovers the method to create a being from dead body parts and brings his creation to life. However, horrified by the grotesque and unnatural creature he has made, Frankenstein rejects his creation and abandons it.The creature, now left alone and misunderstood, roams the countryside in search of companionship and acceptance. It experiences rejection and fear from humans due to its monstrous appearance. The creature learns to read and educate itself, developing a keen intellect and heightened emotions. It becomes aware of its own loneliness and desires a mate who can understand and love it.Driven by its longing for companionship and revenge against Frankenstein for abandoning it, the creature forces the scientist to create a female companion for him. Victor reluctantly agrees, but as he nears completion of the second creature, he realizes the grave consequences of his actions.Fearing the havoc that two such creatures could wreak upon humanity, he destroys his work.Enraged and heartbroken, the creature vows revenge against Frankenstein for denying it happiness. It embarks on a mission to destroy everything Frankenstein holds dear, murdering his loved ones one by one. Victor, tormented by guilt, dedicates his life to hunting down the creature and putting an end to its reign of terror.The chase leads them to the Arctic, where the two adversaries confront each other. Victor, weakened by exhaustion and extreme cold, dies in the pursuit. Overwhelmed by grief and realizing the futility of its actions, the creature mourns its creator and pledges to end its own existence.Frankenstein is a cautionary tale of the consequences of scientific ambition, the dangers of playing God, and the importance of compassion and understanding. It explores themes of loneliness, rejection, and the search for identity. Ultimately, both Frankenstein and his creation suffer the consequences of their actions, reminding us of the moral responsibility that comes with wielding knowledge and power.。
弗兰肯斯坦英文版
简介或许以这个悲伤而恐怖的故事拍成的电影要比世界上由任何其他故事拍成的电影都要多。
为什么有这么多的人喜欢它？因为当我们第一次读到它时，它就好像是出自我们梦中的记忆一样。
这是一个古老的故事，也是一个新的故事。
说它“古老”是因为它创作于一百五十多年以前，那时的科学发展才刚刚起步；说它“新”是因为弗兰肯斯坦的问题也就是我们今天所面临的问题。
科学给予我们力量去改造世界，但这种力量也可能与我们作对并毁灭我们。
弗兰肯斯坦创造了一个新的人，他比任何其他人都要巨大和强壮——然而弗兰肯斯坦控制不了他，这个怪物毁灭了弗兰肯斯坦所爱的一切。
今天的科学家正在创造着巨大的机器、电脑和武器，他们声称这些东西对我们有益——但我们能够驾驭它们吗？玛丽·雪莱（1797—1851）是维多利亚时代的一位重要作家。
她的丈夫是英格兰最著名的诗人之一——珀西·比希·雪莱。
1‘Captain！Something is moving on the ice．Look over there！’The sailor stood at the top of the mast，high above the Captain．His hand pointed away from the ship，across the miles of ice that covered the sea．The Captain looked to the north，where the sailor was pointing．He saw something coming fast towards the ship across the ice．He put his telescope to his eye，and through it he could see the shapes of ten dogs pulling a sledge over the ice．He could also see the driver of the sledge—a huge figure，much bigger than a man．The sledge came nearer and nearer to the sea．Soon it was only a quarter of a mile from the ship．No one needed a telescope now to see the huge figure of the driver．Suddenly the sledge went behind a mountain of ice and disappeared．At that moment another sledge appeared．It，too，was moving fast，and was clearly chasing the first sledge．This driver was a smaller figure，more like an ordinary man．Faster and faster the dogs ran；then the second sledge also disappeared behind the mountain of ice．Two hours passed．The sledges did not appear again．Nothing moved on the ice．Soon night came，and in the night there was a storm．In the morning，the sailors saw that great pieces of ice were floating round the ship．Suddenly the sailor on the mast shouted again：‘Captain，I can see a man on the ice．’The sailor was pointing to a piece of ice that was floating near the ship．A man was sitting on the ice，and near him was a broken sledge．The man was nearly dead from cold and could not walk．The sailors carried him carefully onto the ship，and took him to the Captain，who said：‘Welcome to my ship．I am the Captain and my name is Robert Walton．’‘Thank you，Captain Walton，’ the man said．‘My name is Frankenstein，Victor Frankenstein．’Then he fainted and said no more．Two days passed before the man was strong enough to talk and then the Captain asked him to tell his story．‘I am trying to catch someone，’ said Frankenstein．‘That is why I have come so far north on the ice．’‘We saw you following someone，’ the Captain said．‘He was huge，much bigger than a man．We saw his sledge just in front of you on the night before the storm．’‘I am pleased you all saw that huge figure，’ Frankenstein said．‘Perhaps that will help you to believe my story．’During the days，while the Captain worked on the ship，Frankenstein wrote down his story，and each evening he read what hehad written to the Captain．Here is Victor Frankenstein's story．2I was born in Switzerland，in the town of Geneva．My parents loved each other very much，and I learnt from the example of their love．I learnt that to love and to be patient are the most important things in the world．My mother hoped to have a daughter after I was born，but for five years I was the only child．And then my mother found a sister for me．She was helping a family in which there were five children．They were very poor，and the children were thin and hungry．One of the children was a little girl，with golden hair and blue eyes Her name was Elizabeth．My mother took the little girl into our family，and Elizabeth became the daughter that my mother had always wanted．As I grew older，my love for Elizabeth became stronger all the time．Later my mother had two other sons，Ernest and William．A youngwoman called Justine came to live in the house to help my mother with the children．We loved her as much as she loved us．The years passed happily，and we had everything that we needed．At school I met another very fine person．His name was Henry Clerval，and he was very clever．My family also liked him very much，so he was a welcome visitor to our house．I studied very hard at school．I wanted to know the secrets of life，and，most of all，I wanted to know how to make living things．I read all the books that I could find．One day，some－thing happened that added a new idea to the ideas that I al－ready had．I was fifteen at the time，and we were on holiday in the mountains．There was a wild storm，and with it came the most frightening thunder and lightning that I had ever seen in my life．About twenty metres in front of our house was a great tree．Suddenly a huge fork of lightning hit the tree．After a few seconds，there was nothing left of it except a black piece of wood two metres high．The lightning had destroyed it．I saw how strong electricity was．I began to read all the books that I could find about electricity and its terrible power．维克多的故事开始了3For seventeen years my life was very happy．Then the first sad thing happened．My mother became very ill，and soon she knew that she was dying．Just before she died，she asked Elizabeth and me to go to her room．She held our hands and said：‘My children，I am very happy because you love each other，and because one day you will get married．Everyone in the family loves you，Elizabeth．Will you take my place in the family，my dear？I can die happy if you will look after them when I have gone．’My mother died，and we were very sad，because we loved her dearly Elizabeth was brave and helped us；her sweet smile gave us some happiness in the unhappy days after my mother's death．The time came for me to go to university．I did not want to leave my sad family，but we all knew that I should go．It was hard to leave，too，because the parents of my good friend Henry Clerval would not let him go to university with me．And so I had to go alone．On my first day at the university I met my teacher，ProfessorWaldman，who was one of the greatest scientists in the world．He gave a wonderful talk to all the students who were starting at the university．He ended his talk by saying：‘Some of you will become the great scientists of tomorrow．You must study hard and discover everything that you can．That is why God made you intelligent—to help other people．’After the professor's talk，I thought very carefully．I remembered the storm when I was fifteen．I remembered how the lightning had destroyed the tree．I wanted to use electricity to help people，and I wanted to discover the secrets of life．I decided to work on these two things．I did not know then that my work would destroy me and the people that I loved．I started work the next day．I worked very hard and soon Professor Waldman and I realized that I could learn to be a very good scientist．The professor helped me very much，and other important scientists who were his friends helped me，too．I was interested in my work and I did not take one day's holiday during the next two years．I did not go home，and my letters to my family were very short．After two years I had discovered many things and I built a scientific machine that was better than anything in the university．My machine would help me answer the most important question of all．How does lifebegin？Is it possible to put life into dead things？To answer these questions about life I had to learn first about death．I had to watch bodies from the moment when they died and the warm life left them．In the hospital and in the university，I watched the dying and the dead．Day after day，month after month，I followed death．It was a dark and terrible time．Then one day，the answer came to me．Suddenly I was sure that I knew the secret of life．I knew that I could put life into a body that was not alive．I worked harder and harder now．I slept for only a short time each night，and I did not eat much food．I wrote to my family less often．But they loved me and did not stop writing to me．They said they understood how busy I was．They did not want me to stop work to write or to see them．They would wait until I had more time．They hoped to see me very soon．The professors realized that I was doing very important work，and so they gave me my own laboratory．There was a small flat above the laboratory，where I lived，and sometimes I stayed inside the building for a week and did not go out．Above the laboratory I built a very tall mast．It was 150metres high，and higher than the tallest building in the city．The mast couldcatch lightning and could send the electricity down to my machine in the laboratory．I had never forgotten the lightning that had destroyed the tree．There had been so much power in the electricity of that lightning．I believed I could use that electricity to give life to things that were dead．I will say no more than that．The secret of my machine must die with me．I was a very clever scientist，but I did not realize then what a terrible mistake I was making．4In my laboratory I made a body．I bought or stole all the pieces of human body that I needed，and slowly and carefully，I put them all together．I did not let anybody enter my laboratory or my flat while I was doing this awful work．I was afraid to tell anybody my terrible secret．I had wanted to make a beautiful man，but the face of the creature was horrible．Its skin was thin and yellow，and its eyes were as yellow as its skin．Its long black hair and white teeth were almost beautiful，but the rest of the face was very ugly．Its legs and arms were the right shape，but they were huge．I had touse big pieces because it was too difficult to join small pieces together．My creature was two and a half metres tall．For a year I had worked to make this creature，but now it looked terrible and frightening．I almost decided to destroy it．But I could not．I had to know if I could put life into it．I joined the body to the wires from my machine．More wires joined the machine to the mast．I was sure that my machine could use electricity from lightning to give life to the body．I watched and waited．Two days later I saw dark clouds in the sky，and I knew that a storm was coming．At about one o'clock in the morning the lightning came．My mast began to do its work immediately，and the electricity from the lightning travelled down the mast to my machine．Would the machine work？At first nothing happened．But after a few minutes I saw the creature's body begin to move．Slowly，terribly，the body came alive．His arms and legs began to move，and slowly he sat up．The dead body had been an ugly thing，but alive，he was much more horrible．Suddenly I wanted to escape from him．I ran out of the laboratory，and locked the door．I was filled with fear at what I had done．For hours I walked up and down in my flat．At last I lay down onmy bed，and fell asleep．But my sleep was full of terrible dreams，and I woke up suddenly．The horrible thing that I had created was standing by my bed．His yellow eyes were looking at me；his mouth opened and he made strange sounds at me．On his yellow face there was an awful smile．One of his huge hands reached towards me…Before he could touch me，I jumped off the bed and ran downstairs into the garden．I stayed there all night，but I could not think clearly．I was afraid．And when morning came，I went out into the town and began to walk about．I did not notice where I was walking，but soon I came to the station．A train from Geneva had just arrived，and the passengers were leaving the station．One of them ran towards me when he saw me．It was my dear friend Henry Clerval．He was very pleased to see me．He took my hand and shook it warmly．‘My dear Victor！’ he said．‘What a lucky chance that you are here at the station．Your father，and Elizabeth and the others，are very worried about you，because you have not visited them for a long time．They ask me to make sure that you are well．And I have very good news．My father has agreed to let me study at the university，so we shall be able to spend a lot of time together．’I was very happy to hear this news，and for a moment I for-got my fears．I took Henry back to my flat and asked him to wait outside while I went in to look．I was afraid that the creature was still there．But he had disappeared．At that time I did not think of other people，and what the creature could do to them．I took Henry into the flat and cooked a meal for us．But Henry noticed how thin I was，and that I was laughing too much and could not sit still．Suddenly he said：‘My dear Vic tor，what is the matter with you？Are you ill？Has something awful happened？’‘Don't ask me that，’ I cried．I put my hands over my eyes．I thought I could see the horrible creature there in front of me．I pointed wildly across the room，and shouted：‘He can tell you．Save me！Save me！’ I tried to fight the creature，but there was nothing there．Then I fainted and fell to the floor．Poor Henry！I do not know what he thought．He called a doctor and they put me to bed．I was very ill for two months，and Henry stayed and looked after me．His loving care saved me from death．I wanted to go home and see my family as soon as possible．When I was well enough，I packed my clothes and books．All my luggage was ready，and I was feeling very happy when the postman arrived with some letters．One of the letters ended my short time of happiness．5The letter was from my father in Geneva，and this is what he wrote：My dear Victor，I want you to know before you arrive home that an awful thing has happened．Your dear youngest brother，William，is dead．He was murdered．It happened last Thursday evening when Elizabeth and I and your two brothers，Ernest and William，went for a walk outside the city．William and Ernest were playing．William had hidden from Ernest，and Ernest asked Elizabeth and me to help find William．We all began to search for him，but we couldn't find him．We searched all night．At five in the morning I found him．He was lying on the grass，white and still．I could see the marks of fingers on his neck—the murderer had strangled him．Elizabeth had let him wear a gold chain of hers round his neck．On the chain was a very small picture of your mother．We all think that someone murdered William to steal the gold chain．Poor Elizabeth isterribly unhappy at William's death．She thinks he died because she let him wear the chain．Hurry home，my dear Victor．You are the only one who can help Elizabeth，and we all need you．With all our love，Your FatherHenry helped me to catch the train．The journey seemed very long，and it was late at night before the train reached Geneva．I decided to spend the night in a village outside the town and go home early in the morning．I wanted to see the place where William had died．As I started my walk，a storm broke and lightning lit the sky．The police had put posts round the place where the murderer had strangled William，so I found it easily．I cried sadly as I stood there．My poor brother had been a kind and happy boy，and we had all loved him．Again the lightning lit the sky，and I saw a huge figure standing in the rain．When I saw it，I knew at once what it was．It was the creature that I had made．What was he doing there？But although I asked myself the question，I knew the answer．He had murdered my brother．I was sure that I was right．I decided to try and catch him．But as I moved，he ran to－wards the mountains．He ran much faster than any man．He climbed themountain easily，reached the top，and disappeared．I stood there in the dark and the rain，and knew that I had created a monster．And he had murdered my brother．6At first I decided to tell the police my story．But would they believe me？I had been very ill．When the police learnt about my illness，they would think the monster was just one of my bad dreams．I decided that I could not tell anybody．I went home to my family and they were very pleased to see me．Then they told me that the police had found the murderer．Perhapsyou will think that this was good news，but I have not told you who the police had arrested．As I went into the house，I noticed that one person did not come to meet me．It was Justine，the young woman who looked after the children and who was like a sister to us．And it was Justine that the police had arrested．A few days after the murder，the police had searched the house and had found the gold chain in Justine's coat pocket．Everyone in the family knew that Justine had not murdered William．I knew who the murderer was，but I could not tell anyone．We were sure that Justine would be free after the trial，because nobody could believe that she was a murderer．But we were wrong．The trial did not go well for Justine．There were a number of strange facts that were difficult to explain，and the judge decided that she was the murderer．The punishment for murder was death．We argued and cried．We said she could not murder anyone．But nothing could change the judge's order．So I got up early and went to the judge's house and told him about the monster．He did not believe me．He thought I was lying in order to save Justine's life．In the prison Justine waited quietly for death．We spent many hourswith her，and she spoke calmly and kindly to us．She was happy because we believed that she had not killed William．And she was almost looking forward to death，be－cause then she would be with William and our dear mother in a place of peace．Her love and gentleness added to my great unhappiness．I knew she was going to die because of me．I knew my brother had died because of me．I had brought nothing but sadness and misery to my family．I took a boat and went out on Lake Geneva．Why didn't I end my life then？Two things stopped me．My father was old and another death would probably kill him．And I had to stay alive—to keep my family safe from the monster．Fear for my family and hate for my monster were with me day and night．I became ill again，and Elizabeth's love could not help me．I needed o escape for a while—to leave my unhappiness behind me．So I went to walk alone in the Alps．I hoped the wild beauty of the mountains would help me．Slowly I became calmer among the beautiful mountains．I learnt to sleep again，and for days I did not see anybody．Then one morning I saw a figure coming towards me faster than any man could go．It jumped easily over the rocks and I saw with horror the monster that I had created．On his face was a look of deep sadness，but also of evil．Atfirst I could not speak be－cause I hated him so much．But at last I said：‘You are an evil creature．I shall kill you if I can，because you have killed two people that I love．’The monster's yellow eyes looked at me．‘I am the unhappiest creature in the world，but I shall fight for my life，’ he said．‘I am bigger and stronger than you，but I will not start the fight．I shall always be gentle to you because you are my king and creator．You made me，and you should love me and be kind to me，like a father．William and Justine died because you did not love me．Why did you create me if you were not ready to love me？’‘We are enemies，’ I said．‘Leave me now，or let us fight until one of us is dead．You are a murderer．How can I be kind to you？’‘You say I am a murderer，’ the monster said，‘but you want to ki ll your own creature．Isn't that wrong，too？I ask you to do one thing for me—listen．Come with me to a warmer place，and listen to my story．Then you can decide．’I thought carefully about what he had said．It was true that I had given him life but I had not given him love．I decided to go with him and listen to his story．He took me to a mountain hut where he lit a fire．We sat down by the fire and he began to tell me his story．7After I had left the laboratory，I escaped into the country outside the town．I soon felt hungry and thirsty，and my first food was fruit which I found on some trees near a river．I drank from the river and then lay down and went to sleep．At first my eyes and ears did not work very well，but after a while I began to see and hear clearly．One day，snow began to fall．Of course，I had never walked in snow before，and I found that it made my feet very cold．I realized that I needed food and a place to get warm．Soon I saw a small hut where an old man was cooking his breakfast over a fire．When the old man saw me，he shouted loudly and ran away as fast as he could．I did not understand what the man was doing，but I wanted to be near the fire．So I sat down in the warm，and ate the man's breakfast．Then I walked across empty fields for some hours until I reached a village．I went into one of the houses，but there were children inside．They began to scream when they saw me，and their mother fainted．The wholevillage came to see what was the trouble．Some of the people ran away when they saw me，but the others shouted and threw stones at me．They wanted to kill me．I was badly hurt，but I escaped and ran into the open country．Later，I found an empty hut，which was built against the wall of a small house．I was afraid to go into the house after what had happened in the village，so I hid in the hut．There I was safe，and could escape from the cold，and hide from people who wished to hurt me．And then I found that there was a small hole in the wall between the hut and the house．Through this hole I could see in－to the room next to the hut．Three people lived in the house—a beautiful girl，an old man，and a young man．Day after day I watched the three people．I saw how kind they were to each other．I wanted so much to go into the house and be with them，but I knew I must stay in the hut．I could not forget how the village people had hurt me when I tried to go into the house there．Each night，after the people in the house had gone to bed，I stole some of their food for myself．But soon I realized that the old man was blind．And I realized too that often the three of them did not have enough to eat．I saw the two young people put extra food on the blind man's plate，although they were hungry themselves．When I saw that，I stopped stealing their food．Their life was already hard enough，so I went back to the wild fruit in the woods．I tried to help them in other ways，too．During the night I cut firewood for them，and added it secretly to the wood which the young man had cut during the day．I was very happy to see how much this pleased the young man．After a while I began to understand some of the noises that the people made to each other．The first words that I under－stood were words like ‘fire’，and‘bread’．I also learnt that the three people called each other by names．The girl was Agatha，the young man was Felix，and the old man was called Father．I tried to make the noises that they made，and slowly I began to speak．The two young people were very beautiful．One day I saw my own face in the water of the river．It was a terrible face．I understood why people were frightened，why they shouted and threw stones．I knew then that I could not let these beautiful people see me．They would be frightened by my horrible face and body．Summer was coming，and I continued to watch and learn．I also continued to help the two people and their father，and did many jobs for them in the night．They were always surprised in the morning when they saw what I had done．I heard them talk about the ‘good creature’ who did these‘wonderful’things．But the family were often sad，and I wished I could make them happy．I looked forward to the time when I could speak well enough to talk to them．And I was happy because I was sure I would soon have three good friends．8One day in summer a lady on horseback rode up to the house and knocked on the door．She had dark hair，and was very beautiful．The family were all very pleased to see her．I soon learnt that her name was Sophie．She could not speak the family's language，and each evening Felix taught her some words．This was a very great help to me，because I was able to learn the meaning of many words that I had not been able to understand before．Felix taught Sophie from books about what had happened in the world in the past．So I learnt about the Greeks and Romans，and about Christ，and about the first white men in America and the sad story of the Indians．I could not understand why men who knew all about good and evil could hate and kill each other．I learnt other things too．I learnt that people think it is veryimportant to have money and to come from a good family．I learnt of the love between mother and father and child．And I realized that I had no family．The more I learnt，the more I thought，and the more unhappy I became．Soon I discovered who Sophie was．The two families had met in France after Sophie and her father arrived there from Turkey，their own country．Sophie's father was put in prison by the French，but Felix and his father helped him to escape and leave France．When the French discovered this，Felix and his family lost all their lands and money，and had to leave France for ever．Now I knew why they were so sad，and why they were poor．But that was not all．Sophie and Felix loved each other，and Sophie's father had promised that they could marry．Then，when he learnt that Felix had lost all his money，he broke his promise．But Sophie loved Felix very much，so she took some money and escaped from her father to search for Felix．I had learnt to love these good people and I could not wait another day to introduce myself．I decided to speak first to the father，because he was blind，and would not be frightened by my terrible face and body．One day the three young people went for a walk while the old man rested．When they had gone，I went to the door of the house andknocked on it．The old man told me to enter，and to sit down．‘Thank you，’ I said．‘I am a traveller，and I'm tired and sad．I have no family or friends．The people that I want to have as my friends have never seen me．If they don't take me into their home，I shall be alone in the world．’‘Don't be so sad，’ the old man said．‘You will find that the hearts of men are full of love．If these friends are good people，they will welcome you．’‘They are kind，and the best people in the world，’ I said．‘But when they meet me，they may not see a kind creature who has helped them．Instead they may see a monster，and they will hate me．’‘That mustn't happen，’the old man said．‘My family and I have had our difficult times，and we'll help you．’‘You are a very good man，’ I said，‘and if you help me，I shall be able to live with my friends and enjoy their love．’At that moment I heard the young people returning from their walk．I caught the old man's hand，and cried，‘Now is the time！Save me and help me！You and your family are the friends that I am talking about．’Then the door opened，and in came Felix，Sophie，andAgatha．Their faces were filled with horror and fear when they saw me．Agatha fainted，and Sophie ran out of the house．Felix ran forward and pulled me away from his father．He threw me to the ground and hit me again and again with his heavy stick．I did not lift a hand against him．I did not want to hurt him—or any of them．My heart was heavy，and all hope left me．I ran out of the house and later returned silently to my hut．Nobody saw me．9Isat in my dark hut，and felt both angry and sad．One half of me wanted to hurt the people who had hurt me．The other half of me still loved them．In the end I decided to try to speak to the old man again．I fell into an unhappy sleep，but when I woke in the morning，the family had gone．They had left the house during the night．I knew the name of only one other person．Although I had seen you，Frankenstein，for only a few moments，I knew that I belonged to you．When I had left your house，I had picked up a small bag．Therewas a book in the bag，and I could now read it．From it I learnt my creator's name and address．You had made me，but why had you not looked after me，and saved me from this pain and unhappiness？I decided to go to Geneva，to find you．One day as I was travelling，I saw a young girl running along the side of a river．Suddenly she fell into the water．I jumped into the river，fought against the fast－moving water，and brought her back to land．While I was doing this，the girl's father，who was looking for her，reached us．He was carrying a gun，and when he saw me，he fired．The bullet hit my arm and broke it．I fell to the ground in great pain，and the man and the girl ran into the woods as fast as they could，and left me．The bullet was deep in my arm，and I lost a lot of blood．After some days my arm began to get better，but I became sadder and angrier than before．I had saved the girl's life，and how did they thank me？With a bullet in the arm！I began to realize that there was no happiness for me in life．Hate grew stronger in me every day ．Hate for you，my creator，who had made me．Two months later，I reached Geneva．That evening I hid among some trees outside the town，and went to sleep．But I woke when a little boy ran into my hiding place．I thought I would catch the child and make him my friend before he was old enough to be frightened of my。
维克多弗兰肯斯坦建造师英语作文
维克多弗兰肯斯坦建造师英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Victor Frankenstein, a brilliant young scientist and engineer, was known as the builder of a monstrous creature in Mary Shelley's novel "Frankenstein". His story has inspired countless retellings, adaptations, and reimaginings in popular culture over the years. In this essay, we will explore Victor Frankenstein as a builder and the implications of his creation.Victor Frankenstein was a gifted builder and inventor from a young age. He was fascinated by the natural sciences and was determined to unlock the secrets of life and death. In his pursuit of knowledge, he constructed a creature out of body parts scavenged from graves and brought it to life using a mysterious process of reanimation. However, Frankenstein soon realized the tragic consequences of his creation as the creature became a monster that wreaked havoc on his life and the lives of those around him.One of the key themes in "Frankenstein" is the responsibility of the creator towards his creation. Victor Frankenstein failed totake responsibility for his creation and abandoned the creature, leaving it to fend for itself in a world that feared and rejected it. This lack of accountability led to the creature's descent into loneliness, rage, and ultimately violence. The novel serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of unchecked ambition and the consequences of playing god.As a builder, Victor Frankenstein embodies the dual nature of creation: the power to bring something new and wondrous into being, but also the potential for destruction and chaos. His creation of the monster represents the hubris of man in believing he can control and manipulate nature for his own ends. The monster's existence is a reflection of Frankenstein's own inner turmoil and moral failings, as he struggles to come to terms with the consequences of his actions.The character of Victor Frankenstein has stood the test of time as a complex and tragic figure, whose story continues to resonate with audiences today. His tale serves as a cautionary reminder of the importance of ethical responsibility in the pursuit of scientific knowledge and the consequences of playing with forces beyond our control.In conclusion, Victor Frankenstein's role as a builder in Mary Shelley's novel "Frankenstein" highlights the power and peril ofcreation. His story serves as a warning about the dangers of unchecked ambition and the responsibility that comes with playing god. As we continue to push the boundaries of science and technology, it is crucial that we heed the lessons of Frankenstein's tale and approach our creations with humility, wisdom, and compassion.篇2Victor Frankenstein, a renowned builder, was a man ahead of his time. His groundbreaking work in the field of science and technology revolutionized the way we think about creation and innovation. Frankenstein's story is a cautionary tale, but it is also a testament to the power of human ingenuity and the potential for greatness that lies within each of us.Frankenstein's journey began with a simple desire to push the boundaries of what was possible. As a young man, he was fascinated by the natural world and the mysteries of life and death. He studied tirelessly, devouring every scientific text he could find and experimenting with new techniques and technologies. His determination and passion for discovery set him apart from his peers, and soon he was recognized as a prodigy in his field.Frankenstein's crowning achievement came when he successfully created life from non-living matter. His creation, a humanoid being brought to life through a complex series of experiments and alchemical processes, was a marvel of modern science. But Frankenstein's triumph quickly turned to horror when he realized the full implications of his work.The creature, rejected by its creator and shunned by society, sought revenge on Frankenstein and his loved ones. The builder's hubris had unleashed a monster that would haunt him for the rest of his days. The consequences of his actions were profound, leading to tragedy and destruction on a scale that Frankenstein could never have imagined.But despite the darkness that surrounded him, Frankenstein never lost sight of his vision. He continued to push the boundaries of science and exploration, seeking out new challenges and opportunities for innovation. His legacy was one of inspiration and innovation, a reminder that even the greatest risks can lead to the greatest rewards.In the end, Frankenstein's story serves as a cautionary tale for all builders and creators. It is a reminder of the importance of humility, responsibility, and compassion in the pursuit of knowledge and progress. By learning from his mistakes andembracing the lessons of his life, we can all strive to be better builders and better humans.So let us remember the lessons of Victor Frankenstein, the builder who dared to dream and pushed the boundaries of what was possible. Let us honor his memory by continuing to build, create, and innovate in ways that benefit all of humanity. And let us never forget that the true power of creation lies not in what we can build, but in how we choose to use it.篇3Frankenstein, the architect of his own demiseVictor Frankenstein, a character created by Mary Shelley in her famous novel "Frankenstein", is often seen as a tragic figure. He is portrayed as a brilliant scientist and builder, who creates a being out of discarded body parts and brings it to life, only to regret his actions later. In this essay, we will explore the character of Victor Frankenstein as an architect, and how his ambitions and hubris ultimately lead to his downfall.Victor Frankenstein is described as a young and ambitious student, who becomes captivated by the idea of creating life. He is driven by a desire to push the boundaries of science and achieve something that has never been done before. In thissense, he can be seen as an architect - someone who designs and constructs new things, pushing the limits of what is possible.However, Frankenstein's ambition and arrogance blind him to the consequences of his actions. When he finally succeeds in bringing his creation to life, he is horrified by what he has done. He rejects the being he has created, leading to a tragic chain of events that ultimately result in the deaths of his loved ones.Frankenstein's downfall can be seen as a cautionary tale about the dangers of unchecked ambition and hubris. As an architect, Frankenstein is responsible for the consequences of his creations - both the physical and emotional impact they have on the world around him. In his pursuit of scientific glory, he ignores the ethical implications of his actions and fails to consider the well-being of his creation.In the end, Frankenstein's own actions come back to haunt him. The being he created seeks revenge for the suffering and loneliness inflicted upon him, leading to a final confrontation that leaves Frankenstein broken and destitute. This tragic outcome serves as a warning to those who would seek to play god, reminding us of the importance of humility and respect for the natural order of things.In conclusion, Victor Frankenstein can be seen as an architect of his own demise. His ambition and hubris blind him to the consequences of his actions, leading to a tragic chain of events that ultimately result in his downfall. As a cautionary tale, Frankenstein serves as a reminder of the dangers of unchecked ambition and the importance of humility in the face of scientific discovery.。
美国大学生必读书目
美国大学生必读书目（100本）1.Walden; Or, Life in the Woods by Henry David Thoreau – A remarkable account of a man seeking a more simple life by living in harmony with nature.2.On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin –The book that revolutionized the natural sciences and every literary, philosophical and religious thinker who followed.3.The Iliad by Homer –The Iliad is one of the two great epics of Homer, and is typically described as one of the greatest war stories of all time.4.Selected Poems of Emily Dickinson – The perfect volume for readers wishing to explore the works of one of America‟s first poets.5.The Art of War by Sunzi – A book which should be used to gain advantage of opponents in the boardroom and battlefield alike.6.The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli – Its essential contribution to modern political thought lies in Machiavelli‟s assertion of the then revolutionary idea that theological and moral imperatives have no place in the political arena.7.Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte –A superb evocation of a time and place; a complex, detailed character study; a believable and compelling plot; and, more than anything else, a magnificent love story.8.A Tales of Two Cities by Charles Dickens – This story of the French Revolution brings to lifea time of terror and treason, and a starving people rising in frenzy and hate to overthrow a corrupt and decadent regime.9.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain – Perhaps the best-loved nineteenth-century American novel, Mark Twainâ ™s tale of boyhood a dventure overflows with comedy, warmth, and slapstick energy.10.The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas – One of the greatest tales of revenge of all time.11.War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy –A s Napoleonâ ™s army invades, Tolstoy brilliantly follows characters from diverse backgroundsâ ”peasants and nobility, civilians and soldiersâ ”as they struggle with the problems unique to their era, their history, and their culture.12.Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson –The writings featured here show Emerson as a protester against social conformity, a lover of nature, an activist for the rights of women and slaves, and a poet of great sensitivity.13.Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte –One of literatureâ ™s most disturbing explorations into the dark side of roma ntic passion. Heathcliff and Cathy believe theyâ ™re destined to love each other forever, but when cruelty and snobbery separate them, their untamed emotions literally consume them.14.The Complete Works of William Shakespeare –Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world‟s preeminent dramatist.15.Apology, Crito, and Phaedo of Socrates by Plato – The trial and condemnation of Socrates on charges of heresy and corrupting young minds is a defining moment in the history of Classical Athens. In tracing these events through four dialogues, Plato also developed his own philosophy, based on Socrates‟ manifesto for a life guided by self-responsibility.16.Symposium by Plato – Plato explores, through a series of speeches, the nature and originsof love and passion.17.The Divine Comedy by Dante – A moving human drama, an unforgettable visionary journey through the infinite torment of Hell, up the arduous slopes of Purgatory, and on to the glorious realm of Paradise-the sphere of universal harmony and eternal salvation.18.Paradise Lost by John Milton –Considered to be the greatest epic poem in English literature. Its roots lie in the Genesis account of the world‟s creation and Adam and Eve‟s expulsion from Eden.19.Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw – A perceptive comedy of wit and wisdom about the unique relationship between a spunky cockney flower-girl and her irascible speech professor.20.Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman –“The most extraordinary piece of wit and wisdom that America has yet contributed.” â ” Ralph Waldo Emerson.21.The Works of Aristotle –Aristotle‟s views on the physical sciences profoundly shaped medieval scholarship, and their influence extended well into the Renaissance.22.The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer – The tales, some of which are originals and others not, are contained inside a frame tale and told by a collection of pilgrims on a pilgrimage from London Borough of Sout Canterbury.23.The Devil‟s Dictionary by Ambrose Bierce – Bierce was an iconoclastic literary genius and this compilation of definitions (written for a satirical magazine during the 1880s) is a true American classic. Some may find Bierce sexist, nationalist and racist, but most readers will enjoy his malevolent scepticism and underlying rage against hypocrisy.24.20,000 Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne –A group of men set sail to solve the mystery of a sea monster in this amazing underwater adventure.25.Moby Dick by Herman Melville – A masterpiece of storytelling and symbolic realism, this thrilling adventure and epic saga pits Ahab, a brooding sea captain, against the great white whale that crippled him.26.Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad – Exploring the workings of consciousness as well as the grim realities of imperialism, Heart of Darkness tells of Marlow, a seaman and wanderer, who journeys into the heart of the African continent to discover how the enigmatic Kurtz has gained power over the local people.27.Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson – This dark psychological fantasy is also a product of its time, drawing on contemporary theories of class, evolution, criminality, and secret lives.28.Voltaire‟s Philosophical Dictionary – A series of short, radical essays –alphabetically arranged – that form a brilliant and bitter analysis of the social and religious conventions that then dominated eighteenth-century French thought.29.Candide by Voltaire –In the story of the trials and travails of the youthful Candide, his mentor Dr. Pangloss, and a host of other characters, Voltaire mercilessly satirizes and exposes romance, science, philosophy, religion and government.30.The Hunchback of Notre Dame by Victor Hugo – An epic tale of beauty and sadness, The Hunchback of Notre Dame portrays the sufferings of humanity with compassion and power. 31.Les Miserables by Victor Hugo – In this story of the trials of the peasant Jean Valjean–a man unjustly imprisoned, baffled by destiny, and hounded by his nemesis, the magnificently realized, ambiguously malevolent police detective Javert–Hugo achieves the sort of rare imaginative resonance that allows a work of art to transcend its genre.32.Father Goriot by Honore de Balzac – A masterful study of a father whose sacrifices for his daughters have bec ome a compulsion, this novel marks Balzac‟s “real entrée” into La Comédie Humaine, his series of almost one hundred novels and short stories meant to depict “the whole pell-mell of civilization.”33.The Atheist‟s Mass by Honore de Balzac – Bianchon, who was with Desplein all through his last illness, dares not affirm to this day that the great surgeon died an atheist.34.Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky –Dostoyevsky‟s first masterpiece, the novel is a psychological analysis of the poor student Raskolnikov, whose theory that humanitarian ends justify evil means leads him to murder a St. Petersburg pawnbroker.35.Notes From the Underground by Fyodor Dostoevsky –Violating literary conventions in ways never before attempted, this classic tells of a mid-19th-century Russian official‟s breakaway from society and descent “underground”.36.Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen – The story of fiercely independent Elizabeth Bennet, one of five sisters who must marry rich, as she confounds the arrogant, wealthy Mr. Darcy. 37.Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen – A wonderfully entertaining tale of flirtation and folly that revolves around two starkly different sisters, Elinor and Marianne Dashwood.38.The Tao Te Ching by Laozi – Reportedly written by a sage named Lao Tzu over 2,500 years ago, the Tao Te Ching is one of the most succinct–and yet among the most profound–spiritual texts ever written.39.Frankenstein by Mary Shelley – A scientist, Victor Frankenstein, who learns how to create life and creates a being in the likeness of man, but larger than average and more powerful 40.The Complete Works of P.B. Shelley – One of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets in the English language.41.Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe –The old story still stands up as one of the best adventure yarns for children who are interested in tales of shipwreck.42.Moll Flanders by Daniel Defoe –Defoeâ ™s excellence it is, to make me forget my specific class, character, and circumstances, and to raise me while I read him, into the universal man.43.Gulliver‟s Travels by Jonathan Swift –Shipwrecked castaway Lemuel Gulliver‟s encounters with the petty, diminutive Lilliputians, the crude giants of Brobdingnag, the abstracted scientists of Laputa, the philosophical Houyhnhnms, and the brutish Yahoos give him new, bitter insights into human behavior.44.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain – Huckleberry Finn had a tough life with his drunk father until an adventur e with Tom Sawyer changed everything. But when Huck‟s dad returns and kidnaps him, he must escape down the Mississippi river with runaway slave, Jim.45.Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes – In 1651, Hobbes published his work about the relationship between the government and the individual. More than four centuries old, this brilliant yet ruthless book analyzes not only the bases of government but also physical nature and the roles of man.46.Beyond Good and Evil by Friedrich Nietzsche – In the book the philosopher attempts to systematically sum up his philosophy through a collection of 296 aphorisms grouped into nine different chapters based on their common theme.47.Thus Spoke Zarathustra by Friedrich Nietzsche – This book addresses the problem of how to live a fulfilling life in a world without meaning, in the aftermath of “the death of God.” His solution lies in the idea of eternal recurrence, which he calls “the highest formula of affirmationthat can ever be attained.”48.The Lifted Veil by George Eliot – A dark fantasy drawing on contemporary scientific interest in the physiology of the brain, mesmerism, phrenology, and experiments in revification, it is Eliot‟s anatomy of her own moral philosophy.49.Sons and Lovers by DH Lawrence – The first modern portrayal of a phenomenon that later, thanks to Freud, became easily recognizable as the Oedipus complex.50.Women in Love by DH Lawrence –Women in Love examines the ill effects of industrialization on the human psyche, resolving that individual and collective rebirth is possible only through human intensity and passion.51.White Fang by Jack London – The story of a wolf-dog who endures great cruelty before he comes to know human kindness.52.Call of the Wild by Jack London – This gripping story follows the adventures of the loyal dog Buck, who is stolen from his comfortable family home and forced into the harsh life of an Alaskan sled dog.53.The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe – Lamenting the loss of a gentle but passionate woman, the narrator drinks, yet somberly dwells on her name.54.The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe – The horrors of the Spanish Inquisition, with its dungeon of death, and the overhanging gloom on the House of Usher demonstrate unforgettably the unique imagination of Edgar Allan Poe.55.Dracula by Bram Stoker –A true masterwork of storytelling, Dracula has transcended generation, language, and culture to become one of the most popular novels ever written. ir of the White Worm by Bram Stoker – Set in central England, the work is brimming with adventure and excitement.57.Discourse by Descartes –One of the few works of philosophy that absolutely every educated person needs to read at least once.58.The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle – Sir Arthur Conan Doyleâ ™s Sherlock Holmes has been one of the most beloved fictional characters ever created.59.David Copperfield by Charles Dickens –The story of a young manâ ™s adventures on his journey from an unhappy and impoverished childhood to the discovery of his vocation as a successful novelist.60.Great Expectations by Charles Dickens –Dickens‟ haunting late novel depicts Pip‟s education and development through adversity as he discovers thetrue nature of his …great expectations‟.61.Aesop‟s Fables – Full o f humor, insight, and wit, the tales in Aesopâ ™s Fables champion the value of hard work and perseverance, compassion for others, and honesty. They are age-old wisdom in a delicious form, for the consumption of adults and children alike.62.Beowulf by Anonymous – Warriors must back up their mead-hall boasts with instant action, monsters abound, and fights are always to the death.63.Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin –Few men could compare to Benjamin Franklin. Virtually self-taught, he excelled as an athlete, a man of letters, a printer, a scientist, a wit, an inventor, an editor, and a writer, and he was probably the most successful diplomat in American history.mon Sense by Thomas Paine –Thomas Paine‟s clear and concise writings make him one of the greatest political authors of his time.65.The Ambassadors by Henry James – The most exquisite refinement of his favorite theme: the collision of American innocence with European experience.66.Daisy Miller by Henry James – A novel that plays upon the contrast between American and European society that is common to James‟s work.67.The Turn of the Screw by Henry James – A tale of psychological horror as the governess struggles-and ultimately fails-to protect the children from the “corruption” that o nly she can conceive of…but cannot name.68.Hero and Leander by Christopher Marlowe – A Greek myth in which Hero is a priestess of Aphrodite who dwelt in a tower in Sestos.69.Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen –The story of its title character, Hedda, a self-centered manipulative woman who has grown tired of her marriage. To escape her boredom she begins to meddle in the lives of others with truly tragic results.70.The Master Builder by Henrik Ibsen – The play explores the needs of the artist in relation to those of society and the limits of artistic creativity.71.Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes – Don Quixote, errant knight and sane madman, with the company of his faithful squire and wise fool, Sancho Panza, together roam the world and haunt readers‟ im aginations as they have for nearly four hundred years.72.Dubliners by James Joyce –In “Dubliners,” Joyce‟s first attempt to register in language and fictive form the protean complexities of the …reality of experience, … he learns the paradoxical lesson that only through the most rigorous economy, only by concentrating on the minutest of particulars, can he have any hope of engaging with the immensity of the world.73.Ulysses by James Joyce – To this day it remains the modernist masterpiece, in which the author takes both Celtic lyricism and vulgarity to splendid extremes. It is funny, sorrowful, and even (in a close-focus sort of way) suspenseful.74.Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce –The novel‟s rich, symbolic language and brilliant use of stream-of-consciousness foreshadowed Joyce‟s later work.75.Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy – Jude Fawley, a poor stone carver with aspirations toward an academic career, is thwarted at every turn and is finally forced to give up his dreams of a university education.76.Far From the Madding of the Crowd by Thomas Hardy – A young man falls victim to his own obsession with an amorous farm girl in this classic novel of fate and unrequited love.77.Twice Told Tales by Nathaniel Hawthorne – Allegorical, supernatural and symbolic themes permeate these strange tales.78.The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne – A timeless tale of passion and revenge, guilt and grace, sin and redemption. It cemented Nathaniel Hawthorne‟s reputation as America‟s greatest writer of fiction.79.The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde – After Basil Hallward paints a beautiful, young man‟s portrait, his subject‟s frivolous wish that the picture change and he remain the same comes true. Dorian Gray‟s picture grows aged an d corrupt while he continues to appear fresh and innocent.dy Windermere‟s Fan by Oscar Wilde –Set in London, the play‟s action is put in motion by Lady Windermere‟s jealousy over her husband‟s interest in Mrs. Erlynne, a beautiful older woman with a mysterious past.81.The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde –Oscar Wildeâ ™s madcap farce aboutmistaken identities, secret engagements, and loversâ ™ entanglements still delights readers more than a century after its 1895 publication and premiere performance.82.Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott – The epitome of the chivalric novel, Ivanhoe sweeps readers into Medieval England and the lives of a memorable cast of characters.83.The Lady of the Lake by Sir Walter Scott – Widely considered to be one of the top 100 greatest books of all time.84.The Jungle by Upton Sinclair –One of the handful of books throughout all of history, perhaps, that have encapsulated the crying voices of the oppressed.85.The Machine by Upton Sinclair – Another classic tale by Sinclair.86.The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper – The classic tale of Hawkeye-Natty Bumppo-the frontier scout who turned his back on “civilization,” and his friendship with a Mohican warrior as they escort two sisters through the dangerous wilderness of Indian country in frontier America.87.The Deerslayer by James Fenimore Cooper – This first of the Leather-Stocking Tales takes us to Lake Otsego in the beginning of the French and Indian Wars. Natty Bumppo, now called Deerslayer, and the Mohican chief Chingachook fight against the Iroquois and discover hidden identities.88.Little Women by Louisa May Alcott –In picturesque nineteenth-century New England, tomboyish Jo, beautiful Meg, fragile Beth, and romantic Amy come of age while their father is off to war.89.Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert –For this novel of French bourgeois life in all its inglorious banality, Flaubert invented a paradoxically original and wholly modern style.90.Salammbo by Gustave Flaubert – The novel Salammbo (published in 1862) interweaves historical and fictional characters.91.Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass –Born into a family of slaves, Frederick Douglass educated himself through sheer determination. His unconquered will to triumph over his circumstances makes his one of Americaâ ™s best and most unlikely success stories.92.Siddhartha by Herman Hesse – A deceptively simple, intense, and lyrical allegorical tale ofa man in ancient India striving for enlightenment at the time of Buddha. Siddhartha is a man whose life journey runs in parallel and who may or may not be another version of Buddha himself.93.This Side of Paradise by F. Scott Fitzgerald –Fitzgerald‟s first novel uses numerous formal experiments to tell the story of Amory Blaine, as he grows up during the crazy years following the First World War.94.The Time Machine by H.G. Wells – When a Victorian scientist propels himself into the yeara.d. 802,701, he is initially delighted to find that suffering has been replaced by beauty, contentment, and peace.95.Uncle Tom‟s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe – The moving abolitionist novel that fueled the fire of the human rights debate in 1852 and melodramatically condemned the institution of slavery through such powerfully realized characters as Tom, Eliza, Topsy, Eva, and Simon Legree.96.Tom Jones by Henry Fielding –Tom Jones isn‟t a bad guy, but boys just want to have fun. Nearly two and a half centuries after its publication, the adventures of the rambunctious and randy Tom Jones still makes for great reading.97.The Aeneid by Virgil – What made Virgil special was the artisanship behind his work (which was political, but gracefully and passionately evoked the soul) and the way in which he shaped his borrowed material to his–and Augu stus‟s and Rome‟s–purposes.98.The Education of Henry Adams –One of the few masterpieces to issue directly from a raging inferiority complex.99.The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith –Smith‟s enormous authority resides, in the end, in the same property that we discover in Marx: not in any ideology, but in an effort to see to the bottom of things.100.The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth –He sought to write in the language of ordinary men and women, of ordinary thoughts, sights and sounds, and his early poetry represents this fresh approach to his art.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
S tudy of the Character of Frankenstein---Using Freudian Theory Id, Ego, and Super-ego
Now, let's apply Freudian theory Id, ego, and super-ego to the study of the character of Frankenstein.
The Id, ego, and superego are ideas created by Sigmund Freud to explain the way the human mind works. Freud describes the human mind as interaction of id, ego, and super-ego. The ego,and to some extent, the super-ego, is conscious or on the surface while id remains unconscious or sub-conscious, and together they make up the personality. According to this model of the psyche, the id governed by the 'pleasure principle' is the set of uncoordinated instinctual trends; the ego controlled by the 'reality principle' is the organised, realistic part; and the super-ego which aims for perfection plays the critical and moralising role. The task of ego is to find a balance between primitive drives and reality while satisfying the id and super-ego. 'Thus the ego, driven by the id, confined by the super-ego, repulsed by reality, struggles ...(in) bringing about harmony among the forces and influences working in and upon it (Sigmund Freud,New Introduce Lectures on Psychoanalysis).'
In the novel, living in a wealthy family with affectionate parents, Frankenstein has a very happy childhood, and this must be part of the reasons to blame for his self-centeredness and irresponsibility for family. Knowing that under no circumstances his family and friends will never forsake him, he has taken the love and care from them quite for granted. So it is quite understandable how guilty he feels when his friend and family members has been killed by the monster he creates. Tortured by the sense of self-blame, guilt and regret, Frankenstein is then governed by the id and wants to tear the monster to pieces.
However, Frankenstein was deeply touched after hearing the miserable encounter of the monster. 'I am alone, and miserable; man will not associate with me; but one as deformed and horrible as myself would not deny herself to me.' The monster urges the scientist to create a companion of the' same species and same defects' for him. So under the regulation of super-ego, Frankenstein's id is confined by his sympathy and guilt of deserting his creation. At the same time, regulated by the 'reality principle' of ego, he realizes that he has no choice but to promise to create a companion for him.
As the labour of creation considerably advanced, however, the scientist feels even more miserable, his heart sicken in his bosom. 'For the first time, the wickedness of my promise burst upon me; i shuddered to think that future ages might curse me as the pest, whose selfishness had not hesitated to buy its own peace at the price, perhaps, of the existence of the whole human race. So smitten by his conscience, he tears to pieces the thing he is
engaged on.
Although Frankenstein knows that he will put his family and himself at great risks if he doesn't fulfill the requirement of the monster, he gives up and destroy the his companion he has undertaken. Modulated by super-ego which plays the moralising role, the scientist finally overcomes his selfishness of self-protection and makes the choice out of the consideration of the whole human race.
From the development of character of Frankenstein, it is very clear that a wholesome personality is the harmony among forces and influences of id, ego, and super-ego. Only when guided by the super-ego, can one's id be confined and ego perfected.。