Modernist poetry in English
文学流派知识：分析现代主义文学的历史背景与流行趋势
文学流派知识：分析现代主义文学的历史背景与流行趋势随着20世纪初对科技、大规模战争、工业化与城市化的快速发展，人类面临的挑战与变革也愈加复杂多变。
在这样的大环境下，现代主义文学应运而生。
本文将从历史背景、流派特点与趋势三个角度，全面分析现代主义文学。
一、历史背景众所周知，现代主义文学起源于欧洲，源于20世纪初的现代性危机。
随着自由主义精神的兴盛，人们对传统的信仰、道德秩序、权威和文化价值的质疑与挑战也日益激烈。
同时，第一次世界大战给欧洲社会带来了巨大的冲击，深刻影响了当时的文化、思想、艺术和文学。
它破坏了人们对现代化与科技进步的盲目乐观，引发了对人类智慧和文明的质疑。
因此，在一系列社会、政治、文化的因素影响下，现代主义文学强调思想、形式的革新，力图挑战传统康德主义与浪漫主义的文学实践，倡导文学的自由、单纯与多样性，将文学与哲学、科学、心理学、音乐、绘画等领域相结合，推动了20世纪文学的多元发展。
二、流派特点现代主义文学是一个庞大、复杂的流派，涵盖了诗歌、小说、戏剧、散文等多种文学类型。
不过，无论何种文学类型，现代主义文学都有一些共同且显著的特点：1.夹叙夹议、主观、反叙事，善于运用意象、象征、隐喻等手法。
2.注重写作技巧和形式创新，试图以现代化和艺术化的方式来呈现世界。
3.追求个体化、自我与现实的解体和重组，探索人的内部心理世界和情感状态。
4.对传统价值观和权威的批判，主张世俗化、破坏性和自由意志。
三、流行趋势现代主义文学在不断地变化和发展中，经历了从早期的形式主义、艺术主义、浪漫主义，到后期的结构主义、后现代主义和超现实主义等多个阶段。
下面简单介绍其中几个比较有代表性的流派及其趋势：1.魔幻现实主义（Magical realism）：该流派源于20世纪50年代以来的拉美文学，将现实与超现实或奇幻元素相结合，常用夸张、想象、异化等手法来表达对人性、社会与历史的关注。
2.现代派诗歌（Modernist Poetry）：该流派源于20世纪初的英国和美国诗歌，主张诗歌的形式化、感性化和独创性，追求象征风格、音韵感和节奏感。
2011美国文学史 Lecture 12modernist poetry Stevens Frost
Examples of Imagist Poems
❖In a Station of the Metro
by Ezra Pound
❖The Red Wheelbarrow
by William Carlos Williams
In a Station of the Metro
Ezra Pound
❖ The apparition of these faces in the crowd;
<佩特森>
❖ White Mule
《休.赛尔温.毛伯利》
❖ The Cantos 《诗章》
❖ The ABC Reading (Literary Essay)
His contribution
A Established Imagism with British poet T. E. Hulmein 1908;
B Suggested 3 principles for Imagism with Richard Aldington and Hilda Doolittle
university 4 Sailed to Europe and first poetry in Venice in
1908 5 Arrived in London and founded Imagism 6 Editor of “Poetry” in 1912 and blue-penciled
❖ Williams’s greatest achievement as a writer was the epic Paterson (5 volumes, 1946-1958), which is a landmark of 20th-century poetry.
近代英文诗
近代英文诗Poetry has long been a cherished art form, capturing the human experience in the beauty of language. In the modern era, English poetry has undergone a remarkable transformation, evolving to reflect the changing times and the diverse perspectives of contemporary poets. This essay will explore the rich tapestry of modern English poetry, examining its key characteristics, prominent themes, and the contributions of some of the most influential poets of the 20th and 21st centuries.One of the defining features of modern English poetry is its embrace of experimentation and innovation. Poets in the modern era have challenged traditional forms and structures, pushing the boundaries of what poetry can be. This has led to the emergence of diverse poetic styles, from the free verse of T.S. Eliot to the surreal and fragmented works of the Imagists. These poets have sought to capture the complexities of the modern world, often using unconventional techniques to convey the disjointed nature of contemporary experience.Another hallmark of modern English poetry is its engagement with social and political issues. Poets have used their craft to address pressing concerns of their time, from the horrors of war to the struggles of marginalized communities. The poetry of Wilfred Owen, for instance, powerfully conveyed the brutality and futility of the First World War, while the works of Langston Hughes gave voice to the African American experience during the Harlem Renaissance. In this way, modern English poetry has become a powerful medium for social commentary and political expression.Alongside these thematic developments, modern English poetry has also been characterized by a renewed focus on the power of language itself. Poets have experimented with the musicality of words, the rhythm and cadence of language, and the evocative potential of imagery. This has led to the creation of highly lyrical and sensory-rich works that challenge the reader to engage with the poem on a deeper level. Figures like Dylan Thomas, with his lush, metaphorical language, and Seamus Heaney, with his vivid, earthy imagery, have exemplified this poetic approach.One of the most significant contributions of modern English poetry has been its embrace of diverse voices and perspectives. The 20th and 21st centuries have seen a flourishing of poetry from traditionally marginalized communities, including women, people of color, and LGBTQ+ individuals. Poets such as Sylvia Plath, MayaAngelou, and Audre Lorde have used their work to explore issues of identity, oppression, and the human experience from their unique vantage points. This has enriched the landscape of modern English poetry, making it more representative and inclusive.Furthermore, modern English poetry has also engaged with the technological and cultural shifts of the contemporary world. Poets have incorporated elements of pop culture, digital media, and emerging modes of communication into their work, reflecting the increasingly interconnected and fast-paced nature of modern life. This has led to the development of new poetic forms, such as the visual poem and the digital poem, which challenge traditional notions of what poetry can be.Despite the diversity and innovation that characterize modern English poetry, certain themes and preoccupations have remained constant. Poets continue to grapple with timeless questions of love, mortality, and the human condition, often using their work to explore the depths of the human experience. The poetry of Mary Oliver, for instance, celebrates the natural world and the beauty of the ordinary, while the poems of Seamus Heaney delve into the complexities of memory, identity, and the legacy of the past.In conclusion, modern English poetry is a vibrant and multifaceted art form that has evolved to reflect the changing times and thediverse perspectives of contemporary poets. From the experimental and socially-engaged works of the early 20th century to the inclusive and technologically-influenced poetry of the present day, this rich tradition continues to captivate and inspire readers around the world. As we look to the future, it is clear that modern English poetry will continue to push the boundaries of the art form, offering new and innovative ways of engaging with the human experience.。
南京师范大学美国文学选读课件13.American Modernist Poetry课件
“A Poem should not mean but be”
----the definition of the modernist aesthetic of American poetry
Modernist poetry is generally considered to have emerged in the early years of the 20th century with the appearance of the Imagists. In common with many other modernists, these poets wrote in reaction to the perceived excesses of Victorian poetry, with its emphasis on traditional formalism and ornate diction.
William Carlos Williams
William Carlos Williams, a poet who had an immense influence on the course of 20th century poetry. He wrote in varying style and technique and was often radically experimental. His work is fresh and clear, rejecting sentimentality and vagueness. It also reflects emotional restraint and heightens the sensory experience with articulated common speech. Williams's work inspired many poets and many generations to follow. His work is both easy and enjoyable to read.
(modern period)20th Century_English_Literature 20世纪英国文学
Modern English novels
James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-ofconsciousness novelist; in Ulysses, his encyclopedialike masterpiece, Joyce presents a fantastic picture of the disjointed, illogical, illusory, and mental- emotional life of Leopold Bloom, who becomes the symbol of everyman in the post-World-War-ⅠEurope. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary as Joyce in novel writing; but unlike Joyce, he was not concerned with technical innovations; his interest lay in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.
Modern English novels
He believ of man's instinct, and that any conscious repression of such an impulse would cause distortion or perversion of the individual's personality. In his best novels like The Rainbow (1915) and Women in Love (1920), Lawrence made a bold psychological exploration of various human relationships, especially those between men and women, with a great frankness
诗人英文介绍作文
诗人英文介绍作文Poets hold a unique place in literature, using language to evoke emotion, provoke thought, and capture the essence of the human experience. In this essay, we will explore the role of poets, their significance in literature, and delve into the lives and works of some notable poets in the English-speaking world.To begin with, let us ponder the essence of poetry itself. Poetry is not merely a string of words; it is a form of art that transcends boundaries and speaks to the soul. Through the careful arrangement of language, poets create rhythms, imagery, and emotions that resonate with readers across cultures and generations. Poetry is a medium through which poets express their deepest thoughts, feelings, and observations about the world around them.One of the most remarkable aspects of poetry is its ability to capture the fleeting moments of life and immortalize them in verse. Poets often draw inspirationfrom nature, love, pain, and the myriad experiences that shape the human condition. In doing so, they offer readers a glimpse into the complexities of existence and provide solace, reflection, and understanding.Now, let us turn our attention to some of the renowned poets in the English-speaking world. William Shakespeare, often hailed as the greatest playwright in English literature, was also a masterful poet. His sonnets, in particular, are celebrated for their exquisite language and timeless themes of love, beauty, and mortality. Shakespeare's ability to craft intricate rhyme schemes and poignant verses continues to captivate readers centuries after his death.Another towering figure in English poetry is William Wordsworth, a central figure in the Romantic movement. Wordsworth's poetry is deeply rooted in nature, and his exploration of the sublime landscape of the English Lake District has left an indelible mark on literature. His collection "Lyrical Ballads," co-authored with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, is regarded as a seminal work in thedevelopment of English Romanticism.Moving forward in time, we encounter the enigmatic and innovative poet Emily Dickinson. Dickinson's unconventional style, characterized by its short lines, slant rhymes, and elliptical syntax, challenged the norms of her era and anticipated the modernist movement. Her poems delve into themes of death, immortality, and the mysteries of existence, offering readers a glimpse into the depths of her poetic genius.In the twentieth century, we witness the emergence of groundbreaking poets such as T.S. Eliot, whose modernist masterpiece "The Waste Land" revolutionized poetic form and expression. Eliot's fragmented verse and allusive imagery reflect the disillusionment and fragmentation of the post-World War I era, while his exploration of myth, religion, and tradition speaks to universal themes of human experience.In conclusion, poets play a vital role in literature by giving voice to the ineffable, the sublime, and theprofound. Through their words, poets illuminate the human condition, challenge conventions, and inspire readers to see the world anew. From the timeless verses of Shakespeare to the innovative experimentation of modernist poets, the legacy of English poetry continues to enrich our lives and expand the boundaries of imagination.。
诗词魅力英文演讲稿
诗词魅力英文演讲稿The Charm of Poetry in English Speech。
Ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon. It is my great honor to stand here and share with you the charm of poetry in English. As we all know, poetry is not only a form of literature, but also a powerful means of expression and communication. It has the ability to touch our hearts, stimulate our thoughts, and inspire our imagination. Today, I would like to explore the unique charm of poetry in English and its impact on our lives.First and foremost, the beauty of poetry lies in its language. The English language, with its rich vocabulary and expressive power, provides a perfect medium for the creation and appreciation of poetry. The rhythmic patterns, the vivid imagery, and the musicality of English poetry make it a delight to the ears and the mind. Whether it is the sonorous lines of Shakespeare's sonnets or the haunting verses of T.S. Eliot's "The Waste Land," English poetry has the ability to captivate and enchant its audience.Furthermore, poetry in English serves as a window to the diverse cultures and traditions of the English-speaking world. Through the works of poets from different countries and historical periods, we gain insight into the thoughts, emotions, and experiences of people from all walks of life. From the romantic poetry of the Victorian era to the modernist experiments of the 20th century, English poetry reflects the ever-changing landscape of human existence and the universal themes that connect us all.In addition, the power of poetry lies in its ability to convey complex emotions and profound ideas in a concise and evocative manner. By using metaphor, symbolism, and other literary devices, poets are able to distill the essence of human experience into a few carefully chosen words. The brevity and intensity of poetry make it an ideal medium for expressing feelings of love, loss, longing, and joy. In the hands of a skilled poet, a single line of verse can evoke a world of emotions and provoke deep reflection.Moreover, the impact of poetry in English extends beyond the realm of art and literature. It has the potential to inspire social change, foster empathy, and promoteunderstanding among people. Through the power of language and imagination, poetry has the ability to bridge cultural divides, challenge social injustices, and give voice to the marginalized and oppressed. From the protest poetry of the civil rights movement to the contemporary spoken word poetry of the digital age, English poetry continues to be a powerful force for social and political transformation.In conclusion, the charm of poetry in English lies in its language, its cultural significance, its emotional depth, and its potential for social change. As we continue to explore the world of English poetry, let us not only appreciate its aesthetic beauty, but also recognize its capacity to enrich our lives and broaden our perspectives. Let us embrace the power of poetry in English and allow it to inspire us, challenge us, and connect us to the world around us.Thank you.。
文学史——现代主义时期
现பைடு நூலகம்主义
现代主义起源
1.Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. 2.The appalling shock of the First World War severely destroyed people's faith in the Victorian values. 3.The rise of the irrational philosophy and new science greatly incited writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships. 现代主义起源于怀疑论和对资本主义的幻想破灭。一次 大战的毁灭性灾难摧垮了人们对维多利亚道德标准的信 奉。新兴的非理性哲学与科技进步促使作家们对人性与 人际关系进行新的探索
这一系列巨变在西欧产生了百花争放般的各家哲 学思想。19世纪中期,马克思、恩格斯开创了科学 社会主义,为斗争中的无产资级指明了道路。 达尔文的进化论打击了人们的宗教信仰,“适者生 存”说很大程度上推进了殖民主义与沙文主义。 爱因斯坦的相对论也完全更新了时间与空间的概 念。 弗洛依德的精神分析法改变了人们对人性的认识。
视对描写对象形式的摹写，因此往往表现为对现实扭曲和 抽象化的这个做法尤其用来表达恐惧的情感，因此，主题 欢快的表现主义作品很少见。从这个定义上来说马蒂 斯· 格吕内瓦尔德与格雷考的作品也可以说是表现主义的， 但是一般来说表现主义仅限于20世纪的作品。 超现实主义是在法国开始的文学艺术流派，源于达达主 义，并且对于视觉艺术的影响力深远。于1920年至1930 年间盛行于欧洲文学及艺术界中。它的主要特征，是以所 谓“超现实”、“超理智”的梦境、幻觉等作为艺术创作 的源泉，认为只有这种超越现实的“无意识”世界才能摆 脱一切束缚，最真实地显示客观事实的真面目。
modernist poetry
techniques of surrealist poetry
Automatic poetry
poetry written using the automatic method( spontaneous writing without censoring their thoughts.)
calligramme
Voyelles by Rimbaud
A Black, E white, I red, U green, O blue : vowels, I shall tell, one day, of your mysterious origins: A, black velvety(天鹅绒般的) jacket of brilliant flies Which buzz around cruel smells,
Techniques of symbolic poetry
Symbolic technique Symbolist poems sought to evoke, rather than to describe Synesthesia（伴生感觉） was a prized experience. poets sought to identify and confound the separate senses of scent, sound, and colour . The symbolist poets wished to liberate techniques of versification(作诗) in order to allow greater room for “fluidity“(流动性) ,and as such were aligned with the movement towards free verse .
英国文学
Table1中古时期Renaissance17世纪Age of MiltonDryden(neo-classism)18世纪(neo-classismSentimentalism、Realism)Poet Geoffrey ChaucerCaedmonBedeThomas MorePhilip SidneyEdmond SpenserBenJonson(classism)John MiltonJohnDone(metaphysical)JohnDryden(neo-classism)John DrydenAlexander Pope neo-classismSamuel JohnsonRobert Burns(Scottish)pre-romanticThomas Gray(Graveyard School)Oliver Goldsmith(Sentimentalist)诗人、小说家、戏剧家、散文家Prose/ essay Thomas MaloryKing AlfredFrancis BaconNovel John Bunyan Daniel Defoe(.realistic) Jonathan Swift(satirist)Henry Fielding(realistic) Lawrence Sterne(sentimentalist) Samuel Richardson(realistic)Drama/ play ChristopherMarloweRichard Brinsley Sheriden18世纪Pre-romanticism19世纪(维多利亚时期）RomanticismCritical realismPoet William BlakeWilliam WordsworthSamuel Taylor ColeridgeRobert SoutheyGeorge Gordon ByronPercy Bysshe ShellyJohn KeatsAlfred TennysonElizabeth Barret BrowningRobert Browning(诗人、戏剧家）Oscar Wilde(诗人、散文家、戏剧家、小说家）Novel Walter Scott(historical novel)Jane Austen(realistic)Mary Shelly(Science Fiction)Charles DickensWilliam Makepeace ThackerayCharlotte/Emily/Anne BronteMrs Elizabeth Cleghorn GaskellGeorge EliotJoseph Conrad(modernist)Robert Louis Stevenson(neo-romanticism) 英国各时期主要作家一览表20世纪Modernism / Symbolism /Steam of ConsciousnessPoet James Joyce(Irish)Thomas Hardy(critical realism) 小说家、诗人David Herbert LawrenceWilliam Butler Yeats(Irish) SymbolismT.S. Eliot(Critic) 诗人、戏剧家William Somerset Maugham(戏剧家、小说家、短篇小说家）Novel John Galsworthy(realistic)Virginia Woolf(Critic Steam of Consciousness) E.M Forster （短篇小说家、散文家）Herbert George WellsKatharine Mansfield（短篇小说家）Arnold BennettGeorge Orwell(小说家、记者）Doris Lessing(2007 诺贝尔文学奖）Drama George Bernard Shaw(Irish)John OsborneSamuel Beckett(1969 诺贝尔文学奖）Table2:Poet Laureate Nobel Prize 文艺复兴时期Ben Jonson 首位桂冠诗人1616浪漫主义时期William Wordsworth 1843Robert Southey 1813维多利亚时期Alfred Tennyson 1850Poet Laureate Nobel Prize现代主义时期Cecil Day Lewis 1968John Galsworthy 1932 George Bernard Shaw 1925 William Butler Yeats 1923 T.S.Eliot 1948 Samuel Beckett 1969 William Golding 1983 Seamus Heaney 1995 Harold Pinter 2005 Doris Lessing 2007一、中古时期1、The earliest English poet: Caedmon.2、Father of English poetry: Geoffrey Chaucer.3、The first poet to use heroic couplet: Geoffrey Chaucer.4、The Canterbury Tales consists of 24 incomplete stories.5、Le Morte d’Arther (the death of Arther) is the first English-language prose version of the Arthurian legend,completed by Sir Thomas Malory.6、Sir Gawain and the Green ight is a 14th-century alliterative romance.7、The Robbin Hood Ballads Knight was the most famous ballads in the 15th century.8、The most prevailing lind of literature in Anglo-Saxon period was the metrical romance.9、The Norman Conquest marked the beginning of Medieval English literature.10、Romance is the most prevailing kind of literature in Anglo-Norman period.11、Ballad became popular in 15th century,usually in 4-line stanzas.12、Bede is the Father of Historiography“英国史学之父”，he wrote Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anlorum(英吉利人教会史），which represented the highest achievement of prose in Old English period.13、King Alfred is the Father of English Prose, he translated many Latin works in Old English.14、The whole 14th century was called Age of Chaucer.二、文艺复兴时期15、Renaissance originated in Italy in the 14th century. Britain starts Renaissance Movement until late 15th century.16、In the early stage of the Renaissance ,poetry and poetic drama was the most outstanding literary forms.17、The Elizabethan Drama (16th-early 17th century)was the golden age of English drama.18、King James Bible------1611.19、Astrophel and Stella,written by Phillip Sidney, considered the finest Elizabethan Sonnet cycle after Shakespeare’s sonnets. Arcadia,considered as “forerunner of the Modern Novel.(现代长篇小说的先驱）20、Edmund Spenser , Poet’s poet, creator of Spenserian Stanza, first used in his work The Faerie Queen，the most outstanding epic in Renaissance period.21、Francis Bacon, founder of English materialist philosophy and modern science, the first English essayist.22、Essays, consists of 58 essays.23、Christopher Marlowe, the greatest of the pioneers of English Drama, the most gifted of the “university wits”, famous for blank verse.24、Ben Jonson described Shakespeare “was not of an age, but for all time”.25、Shakespeare wrote 37plays, 2 long poems, and 154 sonnets.26、Ben Jonson,a forerunner of classism in English literature,the first Poet Laureate.He was the most outstanding dramatist after Shakespeare,the forerunner of comedy of manners(风俗喜剧的奠基人），he is good at Satirical Comedy.27、Blank verse,is a poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter,being described as “probably the most common and influential form that English poetry has taken place since the 16th century.28、Thomas Wyatt first introduced sonnet to English literature.29、Henry Howard was the first poet to create blank verse.30、Euphues, written by John Lyly, giving rise to the term “euphuism”(夸饰文体）。
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Features of Modernist Poetry
Modernist poetry is a mode of writing characterized by two main features: the first is technical innovation through the extensive use of free verse and the second a move away from the Romantic idea of an unproblematic poetic "self" directly addressing an equally unproblematic ideal reader or audience.
Modernist poetry in English
Modernist poetry in English is generally considered to have emerged in the early years of the 20th century with the appearance of the Imagists. In common with many other modernists, these poets wrote in reaction to the perceived excesses of Victorian poetry, with its emphasis on traditional formalism and ornate diction. In many respects, their criticism echoes what William Wordsworth wrote in Preface to Lyrical Ballads to instigate the Romantic movement in British poetry over a century earlier, criticizing the gauche and pompous school which then pervaded, and seeking to bring poetry to the layman.
威廉· 巴特勒· 叶芝
威廉· 巴特勒· 叶芝 William Butler Yeats (1865～ 1939)，亦译“叶慈”、 “耶茨”，爱尔兰诗人、剧 作家，著名的神秘主义者， 是“爱尔兰文艺复兴运动” 的领袖，也是艾比剧院 （Abbey Theatre）的创建 者之一，被诗人艾略特誉为 "当代最伟大的诗人"。叶芝 对戏剧也有浓厚的兴趣，先 后写过26部剧本。
早年的生活
叶芝出生于距离爱尔兰首都都柏林不远的山迪蒙 （Sandymount）。他的父亲约翰· 巴特勒· 叶芝是 亚麻商人杰维斯· 叶芝的后裔。 他的母亲（即威廉· 巴特勒· 叶芝的祖母）苏珊· 玛 丽· 波雷克斯芬来自斯莱果郡（County Sligo） 上一个盎格鲁－爱尔兰裔家族。诗人出生后不久， 便迁至位于斯莱果的大家族中，他本人也一直认 为是斯莱果郡孕育了自己真正的童年岁月。
诗：Respondibilities责任; The Tower塔; The Winding Stair盘旋的楼梯 名诗：A Deap Sworn Vow;Easter 1916 剧本：The Land of Heart’s Desire理想的国 土; The Hour Glass时漏 Dedidre黛德尔 Autobiographies自传三部曲 The Cold Heaven 寒冷的苍穹 特洛伊难再倾覆 No Second Troy 亚当的诅咒 Adam’s Curse The Lake Isle of Innisfree 茵尼斯弗利岛
《 意象派诗集 》(Des Imagistes ) 艾比剧院（Abbey Theatre） 诗集《乌辛之浪迹及其他诗作》The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems 诗人会社”（Rhymer’s Club） 《拉斐尔前派》Pre-Raphaelitism 但丁.迦百利.罗塞蒂.(Dante Gabriel Rossetti）
意象派
意象派是20世纪初最早出现的现代诗歌流派， 1908~1909年形成于英国，后传入美苏。代表人 物有：休姆、庞德、艾米和叶赛宁等。 意象派的产生最初是对当时诗坛文风的一种反 拨。首先，在19世纪后期英国文坛，象征主义、 唯美主义与浪漫主义结成一体，形成新浪漫主义。 意象派是在其基础上演变而成的。到20世纪初， 传统诗歌，尤其是浪漫主义、维多利亚诗风蜕化 成无病呻吟、多愁善感和伦理说教，只是“对济 慈和华兹华斯模仿的模仿”。庞德及其意象派提 出“反常规”“革新”地进行诗歌创作的主张。
another important feature of much modernist poetry in English is a clear focus on the surface of the poem. Much of this focuses on the literal meaning of the words on the page rather than any metaphorical or symbolic meanings that might be imputed to them.
Imagism
The origins of Imagism and cubism are to be found in two poems by T. E. Hulme that were published in 1909 by the Poets' Club in London. Hulme was a student of mathematics and philosophy who had established the Poets' Club to discuss his theories of poetry. The poet and critic F. S. Flint, who was a champion of free verse and modern French poetry, was highly critical of the club and its publications. From the ensuing debate, Hulme and Flint became close friends. They started meeting with other poets at the Eiffel Tower restaurant in Soho to discuss reform of contemporary poetry through free verse and the tanka and haiku and the removal of all unnecessary verbiage from poems.
其次，20世纪初柏格森热流行， 这是自叔本华以来非理性主义哲学 思想在文学界影响的延伸。意象派 的开创者休姆就直接受教于柏格森。 柏格森的直觉主义、生命哲学全盘 为意象派所接受，成为其主要的理 论依据和哲学基础。意象派诗特别 强调意象和直觉的功能。同时，象 征主义诗歌流派为意象派开创了新 诗创作新路，尤其是诗的通感、色 彩及音乐性，给意象派以极大的启 发。
年轻的诗人
叶芝早年的诗作通常从爱尔兰神话和民间传说中取材，其语言 风格则受到拉斐尔前派散文的影响。 这一时期，雪莱的诗对叶芝产生了很大影响。在后来的一篇关 于雪莱的文章中叶芝写道：“我重读了《解放了的普罗米修 斯》。在世界上的所有伟大著作之中，它在我心里的地位比我 预想得还要高得多。” 叶芝早期还受到彼时爱尔兰著名的芬尼亚组织（Fenian）领袖 约翰·奥里亚雷的影响。诗人晚年曾说，奥里亚雷是他所见最 “风流倜傥的老人”，“从奥里亚雷的谈话以及他借我或送我 的爱尔兰书籍中，成就了我一生的志业。”在奥里亚雷的介绍 下，叶芝认识了道格拉斯·海德和约翰·泰勒。前者于1893年 成立盖尔语联盟（Gaelic League），致力于保存并增加爱尔 兰语言的使用。
意象派诗歌de Байду номын сангаас术特征
意象派诗歌在创作中表现出的鲜明的艺术特征主要有三点。 第一，意象派要求诗歌直接呈现能传达情意的意象， 以雕塑和绘画的手法表现意象，反对音乐性和神秘性的抒 情诗，提出“不要说”“不要夹叙夹议”，只展现而不加 评论。庞德概括意象诗的定义为：“意象是在一瞬间呈现 出的理性和感情的复合体。” 第二，意象派诗歌的语言简洁明了，不用没有意义 的形容词、修饰语，去掉装饰性的花边，反对卖弄词藻， 诗行短小，意象之间具有跳跃性。 第三，意象派诗歌注重意象组合的内在韵律与节奏， 将意象与所蕴含的思想情感融成一体。主张按语言的音乐 性写诗，反对按固定音步写诗，认为均匀的格律诗是等时 性的、起催眠作用的“节拍器”。所以，意象派诗不讲规 则，接近自由体诗。他们主张诗歌音乐性要自然，要注重 事物内在的韵律、节奏。这在英语国家中起了推广自由诗 的作用。
埃兹拉· 庞德
埃兹拉· 庞德（Ezra Pound,1885～1972）意象派诗歌的 创始人。庞德与休姆（T.E.Hulme）等人一道发起意象 派运动，引起一场诗歌革命。1912年，他和理查德· 奥 尔丁顿、杜利特尔提出了意象派诗歌创作的三原则：直 接处理事物，取消修饰的“多余的”词语，按照流畅的 音乐节奏。不久，他脱离意象派，热衷于旋涡主义运动。 “旋涡主义”对庞德诗歌创作德影响主要体现在他德长 篇诗作《诗章》（The Cantos）里。庞德的其他作品还 包括：《面具》（Personae）《罗曼司精神》(The Spirit of Romance)《华夏》(Cathay)《文雅集》 (Polite Essays)《文学论文集》(The Literary Essays of Ezra Pound)等。他对于中国古诗、孔子思 想以及日本俳句的推崇和介绍使得英美文学界开始了解 东方文学。《在地铁站》（In a Station of the Metro）是意象派诗歌的经典之作。 《 意象派诗集 》(Des Imagistes)