2013年6月份大学英语四级作文预测题目

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2013年6月全国大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案

2013年6月全国大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy entitled How Will Our Life Go on without Internet. You should write at least 120wordsfollowing the outline given below in Chinese:1. 网络提供给了人们丰富多彩和便捷的生活2. 很多人开始感觉离开网络寸步难行3. 你对网络依赖症的看法How Will Our Life Go on without Internet_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (skimming and scanning)(15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, completethe sentences with the information given in the passage.Time Off from Work Gains in ImportanceAmerican workers are saying they need a break. As their number of hours clocked on the job has crept higher, more time off has become a bigger priority. In the past few years, human resources experts say time off has consistently placed among the top three employee concerns, along with compensation and staffing levels, whereas it used to be farther down the list. In a poll taken online in November 2004, 39% of workers said if giventhe choice, they would choose time off over the equivalent in additional base salary. Of course, most of the 4,600 respondents are still opting for the bigger paycheck, but the desire for time off is up almost 20% from just three years ago when conducted a similar poll.The reasons for this shift are many and varied. Some have to do with the way a new generation is thinking about work, while others are driven by how companies are responding to recent economic pressures.A New GenerationThe results may in part represent the needs of a new breed of workers. The average American is working one month (160 hours) more each year than a generation ago. According to recruiting and human capital management expert John Sumser, younger workers work for meaning first and money second. He goes on to warn employers that these are the people who are the foundation for the next workforce and they may not buy the existing paradigm (范例). A study released in late 2004 by the New York-based Families and Work Institute concludes that the new brand of young workers is rejecting thework-centric style of their parents’ generation. The study, which examines changes in the workforce over the past 25 years, found that younger workers are more likely to be “family-centric” or “dual-centric” (with equal priorities on both career and family) rather than “work-centric” when compared to members of the Boomer Generation.September 11th and the End of the Roaring NinetiesThe impact of the terrorist attacks of September 11th cut across all age groups of the workforce. We collectively entered a new era, reevaluating life’s priorities and making changes in our attitude toward time spent at work versus hobbies and family. “I started looking a t things completely differently. I’ve been far less willing to put in the 14-hour days necessary to get noticed and climb the corporate ladder,” said Tony Jackson, a 43-year-old employee of a New York City-based financial services company. “Frankly, I can’t see that changing.”Even before September 11th, some experts say the slow shift in worker attitudes was already underway due to the end of the roaring 1990’s, when hours were long and significant personal wealth was created. For those who fared well financially, some opted for careers of contract work where they could call more of the shots pertaining to (与……有关的) time off, or new occupations with greater personal rewards. For others, even if their bank accounts were not spilling over from America’s econ omic heyday (全盛时期), their own energy had been depleted due to unrelenting (毫不松懈的) years of work hours and high stress. They were ready for something less taxing.Families and Work Institute President and co-founder Ellen Galinsky agrees. She says the poll numbers show evidence of an increase in need for time off and a shift in thinking due to the fact that workers have been pushed to their limit in recent years. “This new generation of workers is at the edge of how long they can work. It just feels like too much. They are not slackers (懒虫); they just don’t want more,” says Galinsky.Monetary Needs Less Intense Due to Dual Income Households“We’ve decided we prefer to have more time to ourselves,” says Carol Kornhaber, a New England software programmer in her late twenties. Kornhaber and her husband are both working but have sought out jobs where they are not pressed to put in long hours. Instead, they have insisted upon eight-hour days and having enough vacation time to travel, a major interest they share. Financial pressures are eased by both of them working and keeping a careful watch on their expenses. “We are lucky in a lot of ways to have found bosses who understand our needs.”BurnoutTrying to squeeze more productivity out of workers may be nothing new, but it has become particularly acute in recent years. This has been due in large measure torecession-induced layoffs and other trends such as the rising cost of healthcare benefits. After a layoff, workers who remain behind are often asked to pick up most or even all the load of the people who were let go, requiring more and more hours at the office. As new corporate initiatives are planned, the inverse is also true. As Sumser observes, “the additional workload, which runs across the economy from the office worker to the manufacturing line, seems to be a function of the cost of benefits. The regulations make it cheaper to add workload for existing employees than to hire new players.” The Families and Work Institute reports that nearly one third of U.S. employees often or very often feel overworked or overwhelmed by how much work they have to do. Nearly three out of four report that they frequently dream about doing something different from their current job.Show Me the MoneyOverworked or not, the majority in the poll still chose to fatten their paycheck if given the choice. For many, it was a practical matter. Says Peggy Jones, an accountant in a Boston area business services company, “I already get three weeks a year that I c an’t use up because I’m so busy. I’d definitely go for the extra money to pay some bills or make a big purchase I’ve been holding off on.” For Jones, the realities of running a household and saving up for college for her children simply need to take precedence over extra free time.Companies Are Already RespondingTo many human resources experts it is inevitable that, given the growing health of the economy and the upcoming population-driven labor shortages as the Boomer Generation moves into retirement, the pendulum of control in the employee-employer relationship will swing back to the employee side. That is expected to begin in just a few years. According to human resources expert, Larry Schumer, at , “since most companies succeed based on a motivated and capable workforce, they have offered and will continue to offer more paid flexibility, whether it be through tried and tested time-off programs or the next great idea.” Where will that new balance of employer versus employee needs lie? Time, or perhaps time off, surely will tell.1. Which of the following has been rising in importance in the past few years?A) Compensation. B) Time off. C) Right to vote. D) Staffing levels.2. According to the passage, we know that the Boomer Generation is concerned ________.A) about family and work equally B) more about workC) more about family D) about neither work nor family3. What can be inferred about Tony Jackson?A) He is 43 years old.B) He works in a financial services company.C) He has changed his life and work attitude.D) He spends 14 hours a day on his work.4. When did American workers gradually begin to change their attitudes towards work?A) After September 11. B) In November 2004.C) In late 2004. D) At the end of the roaring 1990’s.5. According to Ellen Galinsky, why did workers change their mind about work?A) They have been pushed to the limit of their working hours.B) They increased their need to enjoy life.C) They have more rights than before.D) They don’t want to work for a living.6. Carol Kornhaber and her husband don’t have too much financial pressure because ___________.A) they have parents who are richB) they don’t have children to feedC) they both have a high salaryD) they both have work and they are thrifty7. After a layoff, the employees who keep their jobs usually have to ___________.A) find another job in case they are firedB) do what their bosses tell them toC) work longer hours to avoid being firedD) do the work left by the laid-off workers8. According to , compared with three years ago, the desire for time off is up almost ________________________.9. According to the poll from , the majority of employees preferred to ________________________ if they had the choice.10. Larry Schumer said that most companies succeeded based on a motivated and capable __________________________.Part ⅢListening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2013年_6月大学英语四级考试真题.作文解析

reveals the importance of doing
small things well before undertaking
something big. There is also an old
Chinese saying to go with this, that is,
a person can’t sweep the world
before he can sweep his own room.
• 2. 判断写作类型：
• 题干中有明显的两种观点，即先做小事，或者大事，只不过，出题人要求学生写的
是关于先做小事的重要的意义，故可以使
用两种观点对立的写作手法。
• 第一段：说明现象
• 第二段：观点讨论
• 第三段：观点总结
• 3. 主题
• 作文第三段，总结。这一段再次强调从小事做起的意义，我们不能低估它的威力。文章最后可以以名人名言作为结尾。
Thank you!!!!
• 分析：尽管这段父子对话听起来滑稽、普通，然而他折射出父亲的意图，想劝告儿子在做大事之前，要先做好小事。很明显，做好小事情是成功的第一步，并且能为将来的大事情打下基础。通过做小事情，我们可以积累经验，掌握技能，并且让我们自己变得更加具有耐心。换句话说，我们可以在做小事情的过程中，为将来的大事情做好充分准备。相反的，哪些想要一上来就做大事情的人，通常会遭受失望、挫折甚至是失败，因为当机会，即这些“大事情”，出现的时候，这部分人基本无法抓住机会，因为他们缺少源自于做小事过程当中的经验和自信。以所给的这幅图画为例，如果这个男孩都不知道如何倾倒垃圾桶，他怎么可能做成功处理核武器这样的大事呢?
• 末段除了总结观点外，一般还可以提出建议。这段的写法无论是图画、图表还是提纲写作、甚至格言谚语型写作，都差别不大

2013年6月四级作文（文都教育）

2013年6月四级作文（文都教育）第一篇：2013年6月四级作文(文都教育)2013年6月四级作文范文二The Importance of the Basic Learning Skills来源：文都教育As what is vividly shown in the picture, many college students have the same doubt as the one in the picture that is whether that stuff will be outdated when they graduated and began to work.That stuff, as we can see from the picture, refers to the basic learning skills such as mathematics we learned when we were in primary school.It also reveals a phenomenon in the college that there are a great number of students, who question the practicability of their subjects because they are too simple to be helpful with their occupation afterwards.Does that mean these subjects are useless? Definitely not.These subjects are like the foundation of a building.Though they are commonplace even invisible, they are of vital importance.Mastering these basic skills we can grasp the fundamental elements of learning ability.As an old saying goes like this, high buildings rise from the ground.Only if we lay a solid foundation, we can’t set up a high building.Or in another word, do you think it is feasible to let a person learn English without learning a, b, c?With all was said above, we can draw a conclusion that the basic learning skills are quite essential to both our whole study and the work we will take after graduation.Thus we should pay more attention to the basic subjects and master the ability required at the further career.第二篇：2013年6月英语四级写作参考(文都版)2013年6月英语四级写作参考范文（文都版）以下为2013年6月大学英语四级写作参考范文，由文都教育提供，考完试的同学可以看一下，备考的同学也可以研究一下考题。

2013年6月年四级考试真题答案及详细解析(第一套)

2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on theimportance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.作文范文：The Importance of Reading LiteratureAs is portrayed in the picture, a teacher is giving a literary work to a student, trying to encourage him to read it as if it is a long text-message, since the student seems so unhappy and reluctant. Obviously, the picture reveals the phenomenon that nowadays, more and more students are keen on fast food culture rather than classic literary works.As a matter of fact, it is of great significance for us to appreciate literary works. Firstly, reading literature can help broaden our horizon, let us gain more life experience and learn more about history. The more experience you gain, the more knowledgeable you are. Secondly, with condensed beauty of arts, the literary works can also enhance our aesthetic taste, enabling us to have a better understanding of beauty. Lastly, reading literature is an effective way for relaxation. The beautiful and moving scenes shown in the literature are beneficial for one’s mental health.Therefore, we should learn to appreciate the treasuries our ancestors left and absorb the essence of them.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Surviving the RecessionAmerica’s recession began quietly at the end of 2007. Since then it has evolved into a global crisis. Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame. Financiers who were not as clever as they thought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicians who thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilty; and what a mess they have created.Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs. More than 15% of the workforce are jobless or underemployed—roughly 25 million workers. The only industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilities and the federal government. The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its peak in October 2007 to a low in March this year, though it has since bounced back somewhat. Industrial production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War. Mark Zan di, an economist at Moody’s , predicts that the r ecession will shrink America’s economy by 3.5% in total. For most executives, this is the worst business environment they’ve ever seen.Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts. Median(中位数的) pay for chief executives of S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008. The overthrown business giants of Wall Street took the biggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38% and median bonuses of zero. But there was some pain for everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-financial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell. For example, Arne Sorenson, the president of Marriott hotels, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after September 11th, 2001. When the twin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling. Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues per room falling by 25%. This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is “putting the same numbers on the board”, says Mr Sorenson.The hotel bust(不景气), like most busts, was preceded by a breathtaking boom. Although many other big firms resisted the temptation to over-borrow, developers borrowed heavily and built bigger and fancier hotels as if the whole world were planning a holiday in Las Vegas. When the bubble burst, demand collapsed. Hotel owners found themselves with a huge number of empty rooms even as a lot of unnecessary new hotels were ready to open.Other industries have suffered even more. Large numbers of builders, property firms and retailers have gone bankrupt. And a disaster has hit Detroit. Last year the American car industry had the capacity to make 17 million vehicles. Sales in 2009 could be barely half of that. The Big Three American carmakers—General Motors, Ford and Chrysler—accumulated ruinous costs over the post-war years, such as gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as 48. All three are desperately restructuring. Only Ford may survive in its current form.Hard times breed hard feelings. Few Americans understand what caused the recession. Some are seeking scapegoats(替罪羊). Politicians are happy to take advantage. Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scolded on live television. The president condemns their greed. Extravagance (奢侈) is outBusinessfolk are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant. Meetings at resorts are suddenly unacceptable. Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at the last minute and rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun.Anyway, the pain will eventually end. American business will regain its shine. Many firms will die, but the survivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before. The financial sector’s share of the economy will shrink, and stay shrunk for years to come. The importance of non-financial firms will accordingly rise, along with their ability to attract the best talent. America will remain the best place on earth to do business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation to interfere too much, and so long as organised labour does not overplay its hand.The crisis will prove hugely disruptive(破坏性的), however. Bad management techniques will be exposed. Necessity will force the swift adoption of more efficient ones. At the same time,technological innovation (创新) will barely pause for breath, and two big political changes seem likely.Mr Obama’s plan to curb carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions (排放), though necessary, will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest. The shift to a low-carbon economy will help some firms, hurt others and require every organisation that uses much energy to rethink how it operates. It is harder to predict how Mr Obama’s proposed reforms to the failing health-care system will turn out. If he succeeds in curbing costs—a big if—it would be a huge gain for America. Some businesses will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be captured by workers, not their employers.In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, careful of debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what customers want. They will include plenty of names no one has yet heard of.Times change, and corporations change with them. In 1955 Time’s Man of the Year was H arlow Curtice, the boss of GM. His firm was leading America towards “a new economic order”, the magazine wrote. Thanks to men like Curtice, “the bonds of scarcity” had been broken and America was rolling “in an all-time high of prosperity”. Soon, Americans would need to spend “comparatively little time earning a living”.Half a century later GM is a typical example of poor management. In March its chief executive was fired by Time’s current Man of the Year, Mr Obama. The government now backs up the domestic car industry, lending it money and overseeing its turnaround plans. With luck, this will be short-lived. But there is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts of the economy. And clever as Mr Obama’s adviser s are, history suggests they will be bad at this.注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2013年6月英语四级作文

2013年6月英语四级作文英文回答：As higher education has permeated all aspects of our lives, the importance of critical thinking has increased exponentially. Critical thinking is an indispensable skill, one that empowers individuals to analyze information, construct arguments, and make informed decisions.To begin with, critical thinking is crucial for academic success. It allows students to go beyond surface-level understanding and delve into the depths of complex ideas. Through critical analysis, students can identify biases, evaluate evidence, and form their own interpretations. Moreover, critical thinking promotesactive learning, encouraging students to question assumptions, explore alternative perspectives, and engagein meaningful discussions.Beyond the academic realm, critical thinking is equallyvital in navigating the complexities of everyday life. In a world saturated with information, both accurate and misleading, critical thinking empowers us to discern fact from fiction. It enables us to make informed choices as consumers, citizens, and individuals. From evaluating political claims to scrutinizing advertising campaigns, critical thinking serves as a guiding light, helping us make sense of the world around us.Moreover, critical thinking is essential for effective problem-solving. It provides a systematic approach to identifying problems, analyzing causes, and generating creative solutions. By critically examining situations from multiple angles, we can develop innovative and pragmatic solutions that address underlying issues. Critical thinking fosters a mindset of resilience and adaptability, enabling us to overcome challenges and achieve our goals.In conclusion, critical thinking is an indispensableskill that empowers individuals to thrive in both academic and personal endeavors. It allows us to analyze information, construct sound arguments, make informed decisions,navigate complex situations, and develop creative solutions. By cultivating critical thinking, we unlock our full potential and become active and engaged participants in society.中文回答：随着高等教育渗透于我们生活的各个方面，批判性思维的重要性也呈指数级增长。

2013年6月英语四级真题及答案

2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案详解Total score: 710 Total time allowed: 125 minutes特注：2013年6月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。

Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题1) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题2) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information givenin the passage.Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?The shortcomings of tradit ional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they’re he with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They’re also expensive, especially whendollarsyou factor in the average college student’s limited budget, typically costing hundreds ofevery semester.But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions.Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom,basically stuck with aessentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they’refour pound paper-weight that they can’t sell back.Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many ofmirage（幻影）in the distance,these shortcomings. But till now, they’ve been something like amore like a hazy（模糊的）dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all yourtextbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition（过渡）over to digital books.Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at theUniversity of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooksjust last year.But not all were eager to jump aboard.“People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,” says Kalp who will be going into his second year at Irvine’s medical program this fall. “They werenwrite in it. So a third of the peopleit as a source of communication because they couldn’t read orin my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops andthe last third were using paper and pencil.”　of e-edition textbooks The reason it hasn’t caught on yet, he tells me, is that the functionalityis incredibly limited, and some students just aren’t motivated to learn new study behavior.But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released anover 50 undergraduate and graduate classroomsupdated version last week, and it’ll be utilized inthis coming school year.“Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’me a demo（演示）over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digitaltextbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book. There’s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that’s how we’re defining digital textbooks, there no hope of that becoming a mainstream product.”　He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the groundup, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as askeleton.At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app (应用软件), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through (浏览) afew chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view itshe says,various building blocks. “Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,”　“We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.”　Next he pulls up a music c omposition textbook, complete with playable demos. It’s a learningclear why this would beexperience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It’ssomething a music major would love.But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation（批注）system. Here’s how itworks!When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner’s highlights andnotes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to helpimprove your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here’s where thin get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users,that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook tocome across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebookfriends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorteddemocratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with thebest and brightest thinkers.As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插话) on discussions. They’ll be able to answerthe questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well.Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs(the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able topurchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing aslittle as $2.99.There are, however, challenges.“It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it’s clear why.Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you cantell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions aregiving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’t have such a luxury it’s layer of cost — and an expensive one at that.But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite sometime. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen,and we probably won’t have a definite answer for the next few years.However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now,that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可触摸的), a little less of a dream.1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____.A) they are not reused once a new edition comes outB) they cost hundreds of dollars every semesterC) they are too heavy to carry aroundD) they take a longer time to revise2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?A) It’s not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.B) They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.C) Very few of them are available in the market.D) Many people still have difficulty using them.3. According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because _____.A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPadB) they are unwilling to change their study behaviorC) they have get tired of reading on the iPadD) they are not used to reading on the screen4. Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis explains that the problem with Course Smart’s current digital textbooks is that _____.A) they have to be revised repeatedlyB) they are inconvenient to use in classC) they are different from most mainstream productsD) they are no more than print versions put on a screen5. Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of lnkling as _____.A) a good example of the mainstream productsB) a marvelous product of many creative ideasC) a platform for building multimedia contentD) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooksnotation system because one can_____.6. The author is most excited about lnkling’sA) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkersB) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friendsC) vote for the best learners democraticallyD) store information on the cloud7. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that _____.A) students can switch to different discussions at any pointB) students can download relevant critical commentsC) professors can join in students’ online discussionsD) professors can give prompt feedback to students’ homework8. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takesa great deal of _____.9. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high ______ of the hardware.10. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still _____.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which isthe best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Children should be taught to be more careful.juice.B) Children shouldn’t drink so much orangeC) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.12. A) Fitness training. B) The new job offer.C) Computer programming. D) Directorship of the club.13. A) He needs to buy a new sweater. B) He has got to save on fuel bills.C) The fuel price has skyrocketed. D) The heating system doesn’t work.14. A) Committing theft. B) Taking pictures.C) Window shopping. D) Posing for the camera.15. A) She is taking some medicine. B) She has not seen a doctor yet.D) She has almost recovered from the cough.C) She does not trust the man’s advice.16. A) Pamela’s report is not finished as scheduled.B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D) Pamela’s mistakes could have been avoided.17. A) In the left-luggage office. B) At the hotel reception.C) In a hotel room. D) At an airport.18. A) She was an excellent student at college. B) She works in the entertainment business.C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech. D) She is good at conveying her message. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Arranging the woman’s appointment with Mr. Romero.B) Fixing the time for the designer’s latest fashion show.C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.20. A) Her travel to Japan.B) The awards ceremony.C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.D) When to start the makeup session.21. A) He is Mr. Romero’s agent.B) He is an entertainment journalist.C) He is the woman’s assistant.D) He is a famous movie star.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Make an appointment for an interview.B) Send in an application letter.C) Fill in an application form.D) Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.23. A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.B) Someone experienced in business management.C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.24. A) Travel opportunities.B) Handsome pay.C) Prospects for promotion.D) Flexible working hours.25. A) It depends on the working hours.B) It’s about 500 pound a week.C) It will be set by the Human Resources.D) It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D) To give space for more profitable products.27. A) On the top shelves.B) On the bottom shelves.C) On easily accessible shelves.D) On clearly marked shelves.28. A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B) A few of them are fathers with babies.C) A majority of them are young couples.D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists.29. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B) Sales assistants following customers around.C) Customers competing for good bargains.D) Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Teaching mathematics at a school.B) Doing research in an institute.C) Studying for a college degree.D) Working in a high-tech company.31. A) He studied the designs of various choices.B) He did experiments to different materials.C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D) He asked different people for their opinions.32. A) Its automatic mechanism.B) Its manufacturing pattern.C) Its way of waking people up.D) Its funny-looking pig face.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) It’s often caused by a change of circumstances.y special attention.B) It usually doesn’t require anC) It usually appears all of a sudden.D) It usually lasts for several years.34. A) They can’t mix well with others.B) They emotionally receive their friends.C) They depend severely on family members.D) They share similar interests with friends.35. A) They lack consistent support from peers.B) They doubt their own popularity.C) They were born psychologically weak.D) They focus too much attention on themselves.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you havejust heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should checkwhat you have written.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ________, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is(40) ________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ________, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ________ at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ___________ _________________________________________________________ as the computer becomesincreasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, anational survey showed that (45) ____________________________________________________________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ____________________________________________________________________.Part IVReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physicalactivity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week,51 recovery days between sessions. Finally, flexibility and balance training are52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do wheneveryou stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to56 stretch it in an opposite position.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneA) allowingF) helping K) prevent B) avoidableG) increasingly L) principle C) brieflyH) lowest M) provoke D) componentI) maintain N) seriously E) determined J) maximum O) topicQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’redoing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take alesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s dis “Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously andrationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information andmore access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assu me people make “In contrast,”　rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — ofwhich immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”　behavior with food and alcohol and results of The research references studies of people’salcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising ifapplied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These makealcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it.So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories?And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash-through facilities. Atregisters in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drivesupermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines.The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals forjunk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.-consumption.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected,turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography anddominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.that explanation Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,”　doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago,Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak inventedthe first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its newdiscovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at HarvardBusiness School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time thecompany realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent alot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult timeswitching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the newbusinesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fullyembrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them.Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the companycommanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which underminedKodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid wentinstead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart, healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep,a mid-day nap was the best way to cope 69 the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 70 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 71 , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 72 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.Of course, napping isn’ｔ74 for everyone. If you’re suffering from i nability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits 76 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze （小睡）can 77 creativity.According to , you 78 a natural dip in body temperature 79 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness 80 several hours and, for most people, shouldn’ｔ81 being able to fall asleep at night.or too chilly. 82 snapping Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm。

2013年6月大学英语四级考试 (第一套) 作文真题

V ocabulary and GrammarV ocabulary and Grammar1 2013年6月大学英语四级考试 (第一套) 作文真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.One possible versionThe Importance of Reading LiteratureIn the cartoon, a teacher gives a literary work to a student who is shocked by her action, saying, “Just think of it as you ’re reading a long text-message.” It shows the case that people nowadays are indifferent to the thick, heavy and long literary works.Various reasons are responsible for the phenomenon mentioned above. Firstly, modern technologies force us to live a high-paced life, which gives opportunities to “fast-food culture ” to be ubiquitous in our daily life. So reading literature, as a patience-and time-consuming activity, has irresistibly lost some of its participants. Secondly, the impetuous mentality of the whole society aggravates the impatience of modern citizens so that it is increasingly difficult for them to read a long and thick literary work. Thirdly, the concept that reading literature is useless also contributes to the reluctance of reading literature.Personally, reading literature can greatly broaden our mind and vision, motivate our critical and independent thinking, cultivate our patience and peace of mind, and perfect our selfhood. So why not spare some time on reading literature?Notes to the texts1. indifferent 漠不关心；不感兴趣2. ubiquitous 似乎无所不在的；十分普遍的3. irresistibly 无法抵制地4. impetuous mentality 浮躁心态5. aggravate 使严重；使恶化6. perfect v. to make sth perfect or as good as you can 使完善；使完美；使完备2015-6-11。

2013年6月英语四级真题及答案

Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题1) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题2) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?The shortcomings of tradit ional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they’re heavy, with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They’re also expensive, especially when you factor in the average college student’s limited budget, typically costing hundreds of dollars every semester.But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions. Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable. For s tudents, it means they’re basically stuck with a four pound paper-weight that they can’t sell back.Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they’ve been something like a mirage（幻影）in the distance, more like a hazy（模糊的）dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your textbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition（过渡）over to digital books. Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at the University of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks just last year.But not all were eager to jump aboard.“People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,” says Kalpit Shah, who will be going into his second year at Irvine’s medical program this fall. “They weren’t using it as a source of communication because they couldn’t read or write in it. So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil.”The reason it hasn’t caught on yet, he tells me, is that the functionality of e-edition textbooks is incredibly limited, and some students just aren’t motivated to learn new study behavior.But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released an updated version last week, and it’ll be utilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year.“Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’s giving me a demo（演示）over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital t extbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book. There’s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that’s how we’re defining digital textbooks, there’s no hope of that becoming a mainstream product.”He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as a skeleton.At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app (应用软件), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through (浏览) afew chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various building blocks. “Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,” he says, “We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.”Next he pulls up a music c omposition textbook, complete with playable demos. It’s a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It’s clear why this would be something a music major would love.But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation（批注）system. Here’s how it works!When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner’s highlights and notes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to help improve your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here’s where things get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users, that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebook friends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers.As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插话) on discussions. They’ll be able to answer the questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well. Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able to purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing as little as $2.99.There are, however, challenges.“It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it’s clear why.Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions are giving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’t have such a luxury it’s an added layer of cost — and an expensive one at that.But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite some time. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen, and we probably won’t have a definite answer for the next few years.However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now, that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可触摸的), a little less of a dream.1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____.A) they are not reused once a new edition comes outB) they cost hundreds of dollars every semesterC) they are too heavy to carry aroundD) they take a longer time to revise2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.24. A) Travel opportunities.B) Handsome pay.C) Prospects for promotion.D) Flexible working hours.25. A) It depends on the working hours.B) It’s about 500 pound a week.C) It will be set by the Human Resources.D) It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D) To give space for more profitable products.27. A) On the top shelves.B) On the bottom shelves.C) On easily accessible shelves.D) On clearly marked shelves.28. A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B) A few of them are fathers with babies.C) A majority of them are young couples.D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists.29. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B) Sales assistants following customers around.C) Customers competing for good bargains.D) Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Teaching mathematics at a school.B) Doing research in an institute.C) Studying for a college degree.D) Working in a high-tech company.31. A) He studied the designs of various choices.B) He did experiments to different materials.C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D) He asked different people for their opinions.32. A) Its automatic mechanism.B) Its manufacturing pattern.C) Its way of waking people up.D) Its funny-looking pig face.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) It’s often caused by a change of circumstances.B) It usually doesn’t require an y special attention.C) It usually appears all of a sudden.D) It usually lasts for several years.34. A) They can’t mix well with others.B) They emotionally receive their friends.C) They depend severely on family members.D) They share similar interests with friends.35. A) They lack consistent support from peers.B) They doubt their own popularity.C) They were born psychologically weak.D) They focus too much attention on themselves.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ________, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is(40) ________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ________, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ________ at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ___________ _________________________________________________________ as the computer becomesincreasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that (45) ___________________________________________________ _________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ____________ ________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, 51 recovery days between sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are 52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?“Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assu me people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but a re allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers’ o ver-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own he alth.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” t hat explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s do wnfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo suppli es. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart, healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep, a mid-day nap was the best way to cope 69 the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 70 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 71 , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 72 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.Of course, napping isn’t74 for everyone. If you’re suffering from i nability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits 76 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze （小睡）can 77 creativity.According to , you 78 a natural dip in body temperature 79 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness 80 several hours and, for most people, shouldn’t81 being able to fall asleep at night.Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm or too chilly. 82 snappingon the couch instead of in bed, so you’re less83 to snooze for too long.Surprisingly, the best place to take a nap may be a hammock（吊床）if you have one. A Swiss study 84 last year found that people fell asleep faster and had deeper sleep when they napped in a hammock than in a bed. That same rocking 85 that puts babies to sleep works 86 for grown-ups, too.67. A) enforce B) promote C) operate D) support68. A) feeling B) frame C) sense D) mind69. A) with B) aside C) about D) upon70. A) remark B) consider C) remember D) concern71. A) reportedly B) incredibly C) constantly D) frankly72. A) regularly B) enormously C) heavily D) strongly73. A) off B) under C) against D) from74. A) exact B) correct C) right D) precise75. A) influence B) eliminate C) compete D) interfere76. A) focusing B) depending C) relying D) basing77. A) enlarge B) engage C) enhance D) enlighten78. A) explore B) experience C) exercise D) execute79. A) between B) amidst C) among D) besides80. A) of B) beyond C) during D) for81. A) produce B) dispose C) affect D) hasten82. A) illustrates B) decides C) predicts D) recommends83. A) inclined B) involved C) adopted D) attracted84. A) pronounced B) published C) discovered D) cultivated85. A) mood B) model C) motion D) motive86. A) wonders B) passions C) mystery D) pleasurePart VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions:Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2.87. Although only in her teens, my sister is looking forward to _________________（独自去海外学习).88. It’s true that we are not always going to succeed in our ventures, _______________（即使我们投入时间和金钱).89. The old couple hoped that their son ________________（将不辜负他们的期望).90. So badly _________________(他在车祸中受伤)that he had to stay in the hospital for a whole year.91. Nowadays, some people still have trouble ________________（从网上获取信息). 2013年6月英语四级答案详解Part I Writing对白子：Dad, I'm a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste（处理核废料）父：If you can empty the dustbin（垃圾筒） here, you can do anything范文：The picture shows us a dialogue between a father and a son. The son told his father, “Dad, I’m a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste”. While his father told him, “If you can empty the dustbin here you can do anything”. It revea ls the importance of doing small things well before undertaking something big. There is also an old Chinese saying to go with this that a person can’t sweep the world before he can sweep his own room.Unquestionably, doing small things is the first step of success and will layroot for doing something big. By doing something small, we are enabled to accumulate experience, master skills and train ourselves to be more patient. In other word, we can be well prepared for further challenges in the course of fulfilling small things. By contrast, those who set out to do something big will be constantly haunted by disappointment, frustrations or even failures. As when opportunity “something big” appears, they can hardly seize them because of the lack of experience and confidence stems from doing small things.Taking the picture presented above as a case in point, how can the little boy succeed in disposing ofnuclear weapons if he even doesn’t know how to empty the dustbin?From my perspective, under no circumstances should we undervalue the power of doing small things. Instead, we should regard small things as the source of experience, skills and the prerequisite of success. “Great achievement only belongs to those who can do small things perfectly.” Aristotle once said.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1.A. they are not rescued once a new edition comes out2. B. They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.3. A. they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad.4. D. they are no more than print versions put on a screen5. C. a platform for building multimedia content6. A. share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers7. C. professors can join in students’ online discussions8. manpower to put together each one9. cost10. remains to be seen【整体点评】这是一篇讨论电子课本能否取代纸质课本的议论文。

2013年6月全国四级作文(全部三篇)

一．2013年6月英语四级写作范文英语四级作文第一段This picture shows that when teachers teach students basic skills students all think that those basic skills are of no importance.第二段Having the basic life skills can help us to live in the society independently. If we don"t have any basic life skills , we lose the meaning of living in the world.第三段Above all,we can see the importance of learning basic skills.Only if we learn these things well in school,can we find a good job in the future.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.The importance of learning basic skillsIn the face of various and complicated requirements of employment market, some students begin to question the significance of learning basic knowledge and skills, just as what is exposed in the cartoon above.However, it is absolutely wrong to hold that idea. Owing to the fact that we areliving in a competitive society, the development of our society demands that we armourselves with basic skills and up-to-date knowledge so as to keep up with the pace of our society. An investigation shows that millions of people spend time and energy grasping skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market or enhance their opportunities. While focusing on creativity, innovation, management and leadership skills, we should never forget the fundamental importance of the more basic, essential skills.It is universally known that opportunity is important, but you could do nothing with it if you are not equipped with competitive forces, such basic reading and calculating skills, to seize it.二．The importance of reading literatureThe drawing portrays a classroom scene in which a teacher is telling a student to read a piece of literary works. Undoubtedly, the picture aims at highlighting the magnitude of reading classics for young students, which is worth discussing among general public for the time being.As we all know, the classical literature is the representation of the outstanding art of our nation. Some familiar characters such as Monkey King express the good wishes of our common people. There is no doubt that young people will benefit a lot from reading classics.For one thing,classics will help broaden their horizons from them. While observing characters in classic novels going through ups and downs in their life, youngsters also can definitely learn essential life ethics. For another,with condensed beauty of arts, they will enhance readers' aesthetic taste.Therefore, we should start reading the treasuries our ancestors left and absorbing the essence ofthem. We should also advocate to the public the importance so that more general people can enjoy the pleasure of reading.三．（1）Just as is revealed in the picture above, the young, nowadays, just like the boy in the drawing, are prone to reach for what is beyond their grasp, but ignore the significance of doing something trivial and simple before accomplishing great feats.There is no doubt that the symbolic meaning subtly conveyed in the picture should be given deep consideration. As we all know, a man who does not sweep a room, doesn't mention to sweep the world. In other words, the foundations of a building must be strong, or else the whole structure will fall down someday. Therefore, when it comes to the key to success, the most important thing lies in doing every tiny thing well around you.As the saying goes, “the highest eminence is to be gained step by step.” To achieve the goal, not merely do we need ambition; we also need to realize the importance of dealing with triviality from the beginning. Only in this way can we get on the way to the success.2Which Is More ImportantAs can be seen from the picture above, there is a conversation between a son and a father. The father told his son that it is more important to empty the dustbin than to worry about disposing of nuclear waste, that is to say, small things go first when dealing with big things. I’m definitely on the father’s side in this and I’m sure I’m not alone.A case in point is the successful launch of ShenZhou 10 spacecraft, which excites everyone and makes every feel proud of China. Behind this great event there are a host of detailed things, called petty things, conducted by millions of scientists, who have devoted themselves to the mission. It is the petty things that contribute to the success, which reminds us of the significance of small things.We also take ourselves for example. It is acknowledged that before running we must learn to stand and walk building up a solid foundation for running. Although walking is considered as a trifle while running is treated as a great thing, walking is the first step.As an old saying, One can’t Make a B ig Success without Being Self reliant. So we should keep it in our mind that before accomplishing important tasks, perform small tasks. Only in this way can we make the highest eminence.3The Big is the LittleNothing can be done except little by little, the French poet Baudelaire Charles once said. Most people, however, often ignore such a truth. So does the little boy shown in the picture. He expresses his worries to his father about disposing of nuclear waste, but is told that he can achieve nothing if he doesn’t empty the dustbin first.Every single little thing you can do today matters. The truth has been tested for ages, and thousands of great people have set good examples for us. For instance, Leonardo da Vinci, the world-renowned master in painting, starts his career with repeated egg-drawing. Lu Xun, the great man of letters, reminded himself to get up early by i nscribing the character “morning” on his desk. As university students, in my opinion, we should aim high, but at the same time, we shall never measure a task by its size. All in all, only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly will acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.5The importance of doing small thingsFrom the carton, we can clearly see that the boy is worried about disposing of nuclear waste, while his father tells him to empty the dustbin first. This carton reminds me of a Chinese saying: If you don't clean the room(solve your problems), then how can you control the world. However, most people always attach great importance to something big, but neglect small things.In my opinion, it is necessary and important to do small things. On the one hand, doing small things well helps us to develop good habits, which set a good foundation for our future development. There is no doubt that one of the greatest differences between success and failure is the importance placed on little things. On the other hand, the big is the little. If something needs to be done, it is big. No matter what kinds of task, if it is worth doing, it can be big.Taking all these into account, we can easily notice that it is reasonable to do small things before big ones. So before doing important things, let’s empty our dustbin first!2013年6月一共有三套题一、一个学生一个老师，老师给学生一部很厚的书，学生有点不愿意，内容大概就是it's important to read literary works二、还是在教室里面，一个学生，下面有很多学生，老师在教一些很基础的内容，如2*2=？这些，下面有个学生就说，老师，学这个有什么用呢，这么简单，以后都没有用的啦三、最后一个就是父子二人，孩子问爸爸，现在的核废料怎样处理好呢？爸爸就说，你关注多一点家里面的垃圾怎样处理，还更好些。

13年6月英语四级作文

13年6月英语四级作文Title: The June 2013 CET-4 Writing Test。

In June 2013, thousands of Chinese college students sat for the College English Test (CET-4) writing test, which is a crucial part of the CET-4 exam. The test is designed to assess the students' ability to write coherent, logical, and grammatically correct English essays.The writing test consisted of two parts: a short essay and a long essay. The short essay required the students to write about 120-150 words on a given topic within 30 minutes. The long essay required the students to write about 250-300 words on a given topic within 60 minutes. The topics covered a wide range of subjects, including education, social issues, science and technology, and personal experience.One of the topics for the short essay was "The Importance of Time Management". The students were asked todiscuss the significance of time management in their daily lives and how they could improve their time management skills. Another topic was "The Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media". The students were asked to analyze the positive and negative aspects of social media and givetheir opinions on how to use it wisely.For the long essay, one of the topics was "The Impact of Globalization on Traditional Cultures". The students were asked to examine the effects of globalization on traditional cultures and discuss whether globalization is a threat to cultural diversity or a catalyst for cultural exchange. Another topic was "The Importance of Critical Thinking". The students were asked to explain the importance of critical thinking in academic studies and in their future careers.Overall, the June 2013 CET-4 writing test was a challenging but fair assessment of the students' English writing skills. It tested the students' ability to express their ideas clearly and concisely, to organize their thoughts logically, and to use appropriate vocabulary andgrammar. The test provided the students with an opportunity to showcase their English writing proficiency and to improve their language skills.。

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- 1 - 2013年6月份大学英语四级作文预测题目 1. Should We Help Strangers? 1、有人认为帮助陌生人是一种美德;2有人却认为帮助陌生人会给自己带来麻烦和危

险; 3.我认为…… Helping strangers has always been considered as a treasured virtue of mankind. We need help from others throughout our life, whenever we travel to other places or stay at home. On the other hand, helping others can make us happy. We feel great joy when we are trusted, needed and able to give a hand. However, some people are cautious when it comes to helping strangers. They say that helping others involves risks of getting hurt or cheated. Lending a hand to a stranger often puts us in a vulnerable position for it means trusting someone we do not even know. Moreover, there are times when we have physical limitations. For instance, we can‘t swim but a girl is drowning, what should we do? If we are blind to that limitation, giving a hand would conversely take our life. In my opinion, we should still offer what we can do to help those needed strangers. Meanwhile, we should beware of getting cheated and use our common sense to tell whether the strangers are real needed people or just professional cheats. Detecting anything unusual, we should defend ourselves or turn to the police. 2. Don’t Rely Too Much on Computers

1.现在许多人越来越依赖电脑;2.过分依赖电脑会带来很多问题;3.我的看法 Do we rely too much on computers? Yes, we do. Almost everything we do and every aspect of our life is affected by modern technology with computers above all. We use computers in business, public services, education and entertainment. However, over-reliance on computer may give rise to some problems. One is that people are more likely to make spelling mistakes when they have to handwrite something. Another is that people are so dependent on computers that they have lost the ability to think for themselves. If ―the computer says XYZ‖, then XYZ must be true. If you want to make yourself an idiot, just tell him ―that is what the computer said‖. In my opinion, computers make our lives easier but we should never rely on them completely. These machines should be used as tool to aid work rather than the only tool. Otherwise, chaos can occur when suddenly our computers crash or what is worse, refuse to take our orders.

【范文2】 With the development of science and technology, computers have played an increasingly important role in our daily life. Computers make our life more convenient. We can not only finish our essays online, but also buy some daily commodities and play games online. However, it‘s estimated that people spend more than three hours on surfing the internet. Now more and more people become weak and shortsighted. It is because they surf the Internet day and night but without rest. In addition, the reason why students rely on too much on computers is that they can find many reference materials online. So students become less independent in thinking for themselves now. All in all, we can‘t live without computer, but we should try to go out to do some exercise with our friends. What‘s more, it is time for us to finish our assignments independently instead - 2 -

of finding the reference answer online. 3、 TV Talent Show

1. 有人赞成电视选秀节目2.有人则反对3.我的观点 Over the past couple of years, a variety of talent shows have emerged on TV channel across our nation, from Happy Girls to Super Boys and so forth. This type of entertainment programs is intensely popular, especially among youngsters. It has produces profound impacts on their studies and life. They believe that the TV talent show can change their fate. At least, they say, the program offers the opportunity to show and develop one‘s talents. On the contrary, a number of people hold negative attitude to TV talent shows. They maintain that The TV talent show today is like a fiver that has risen to its flood level. It misleads the youth and makes them believe that they can make a fortune or become famous overnight. As a result, a great many students can‘t calm down to study during the show‘s season. For my part, I believe that the TV talent show is like a double-edged sword and it is important for us to face it properly. For one thing, the TV studios are supposed to offer more stimulating and favorable shows. For another, the media ought to give people proper guidance and refrain from exaggerating the effects of the show.

【范文2】 Recently, there is a public discussion about TV talent show. ,because many TV stations have all kinds of TV talent shows, such as Super Boy, Dream of China and so on. TV talent show makes a profound influence on our day-to-day life. Undoubtedly speaking, different people hold different attitudes toward TV talent show. On the one hand, a lot of people seem to think that TV talent show should be supported. The reason why they support it that it gives many people an opportunity to show their talent. And they will become famous for it in sometimes. On the other hand, others believe that TV talent show should be canceled, because many people insist that TV talent show is a speculation. It gives people a false impression that very person will be famous if they attend these shows. In addition, many young people idolize their idols. From my perspective, we should pay more attention to the advantage of TV talent show. Meanwhile, we might take some measures to avoid some negative effects of TV talent show. 3. Killing Time Indoors