The Difference Between Demestic and Japanese Comics
Contrast discussion between Chinese and American Cartoons
• 2d Animation (two-dimension 二维动画,conventional animation） • 3d Animation (made by maya or 3D MAX)
Function
• Entertainment • Reminds our childhood( keep our heart young) • Education • economic benefit
calabashbrothers葫芦兄弟andzhubajieeatswatermelon猪八戒吃西瓜combinedinksilhouetteanimation水墨剪纸结合
Animation(动画片)
• A film, television program,
computer game that has pictures, clay models that seem to be really moving. • Cartoon: a short film that is made by photographing a series of drawings.
Tradition of animation creation
• Chinese cartoons: based on pictures • Chinese ink animation（水墨动画）:where is momma(小蝌蚪找妈妈） • Chinese Silhouette Animation （剪纸动画）：
Chinese conventional（传统） cartoons
• American cartoons: based on movement
• American cartoons pay more attention to character’s action and the use of lenses (镜头). Their cartoons become more and more dynamic as their computer technology developed.
中西节日文化差异(英文)
The comparison between Chinese and Western festivals中西方节日文化的差异比较Abstract：the process of comparing the Chinese and Western festivals and studying Western histories and cultures can help people promote the communication and understanding of different cultures。
With the further development of society and inter—cultures, globalization will affect many aspects of life in all countries。
And western festivals are becoming more and more popular in China。
We should respect them and select the essence。
China boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions。
In modern times, Chinese tradition should be preserved and promoted. But it seems that young people no longer treasure the tradition. On the contrary，they turn to pursue enthusiastically a seemingly more modern culture. If this trend is allowed to continue，the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by western traditions。
中国动漫发展历程(英文版)
CATALOGUE
目录
Introduction Early Days of Chinese Animation The Rise of Chinese Cartoons Modern Development of Chinese Comics and Manga Challenges and Future Prospects for Chinese Animation Conclusion
Comics and manga have become immensely popular among young readers in China, with a wide range of genres and topics catering to different tastes and age groups.
Chinese animation began to experiment with different styles and techniques, often influenced by Japanese anime.
2010s-Present
With the rise of digital technology and the internet, Chinese animation has experienced a boom in production quality and diversity.
Cultural Representation
Social and Cultural Impact
04
Modern Development of Chinese Comics and Manga
国际商务英语课文电子版+课后习题答案 lesson(1)
Lesson (1)International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export, such as business between Hong Kong and Taiwan.International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. The followings are some major differences between the two:1．The countries involved often have different legal systems, and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with the foreign law. 2．Different counties usually use different currencies and the parties concerned will have to decide which currency to use and do everything necessary as regards conversion etc. Uncertainties and even risks are often involved in the use of a foreign currency.3．Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. Often constitute challenges and even traps for people engaged in international business.4．Countries vary in natural and economic conditions and may have different policies towards foreign trade and investment, making international business more complex than domestic business.With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement. International business first took the form of commodity trade, i. e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. This form of trade is also referred to as visible trade.Later a different kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. gradually became more and more important. This type of trade is called invisible trade. Today, the contribution of service industries of the developed countries constitutes over 60 ％of their gross domestic products and account for an increasing proportion of world trade.Another important form of international business is supplying capital by residents of one country to another, known as international investment. Such investments can be classified into two categories. The first kind of investments, foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country. The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates, while the country where the headquarters of the investor is located is called the home country. The second kind of investment, portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit. Stocks are also called capital stocks or bonds. Bonds are papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest. The maturity period of a bond is at least one year, often longer, for example five, or even ten years. Certificates of deposit generally involve large amounts, say 25 thousand US dollars.Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market. In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Such intellectual property may be trademarks , brand names , patents , copyrights or technology. Firms choose licensingbecause they do not have to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country. However, it is not advisable to use licensing in countries with weak intellectual property protection since the licensor may have difficulty in enforcing licensing agreement.Franchising can be regarded as a special form of licensing. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.The franchiser can develop internationally and gain access to useful information about the local market with little risk and cost, and the franchisee can easily get into a business with established products or services. Franchising is fairly popular especially in hotel and restaurant business. Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project.Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. Sometimes bonuses based on profitability or sales growth are also specialized in management contracts. Government policies often have a lot to do with management contracts. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.By contract manufacturing, a firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain, e. g. marketing, while contracting with foreign companies for the manufacture of their products. Such firms can reduce the amount of their resources devoted to manufacture and benefit from location advantages from production in host countries. However, loss of control over the production process may give rise to problems in respect of quality and time of delivery.For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. Such projects are often large and complex and take a long period to complete. Payment for a turnkey project may be made at fixed total price or on a cost plus basis. The latter way of payment shifts the burden of possible additional cost over the original budget onto the purchaser.BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build, O for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project. Needless to say, the contractor has to bear the financial and other risks that may occur in the period of operation.Answer the following questions:What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business.A:International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.Some major differences between international business and domestic business is following:Differences in legal systemsDifferences in currenciesDifferences in cultural backgroundDifferent in natural and economic conditionsPlease explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade?A: Visible trade is the form of commodity trade. The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries. The later is become more and more important.Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in international business? A: Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. Please elaborate on the two categories of international investment. What is their major difference?A: FDI (Foreign direct investment) is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country. Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit.What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as a means of entering a foreign market?A: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country.What is franchising? How is it different from licensing?A: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable?A: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts maybe a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it? A: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project.。
漫画文化误读英语作文
漫画文化误读英语作文English:The comic culture in Japan, also known as manga culture, is often misunderstood in English-speaking countries. Manga is not just a form of entertainment for children, but a diverse and rich artistic medium that covers a wide range of genres and topics. Many people outside of Japan mistakenly believe that all manga is for kids, when in fact there are manga targeted at all age groups, including adults. Another common misconception is that all manga is violent or sexual in nature. While there are certainly examples of these themes in manga, there is also a vast amount of manga that focuses on romance, sports, comedy, and everyday life. Additionally, there is a misconception that manga is just a Japanese version of comic books, when in reality manga has its own distinct style and storytelling techniques that set it apart from Western comics.中文翻译:日本的漫画文化在英语国家经常被误解。
喜欢中国漫画的原因英语作文
喜欢中国漫画的原因英语作文Title: The Allure of Chinese ComicsChinese comics, often referred to as "manhua" or "comic books" in China, have gained immense popularity not only in their native country but also globally. Their unique blend of storytelling, artwork, and cultural depth has captivated readers of all ages. Here are some of the reasons why I am fond of Chinese comics.Firstly, the rich cultural heritage and historical background embedded in Chinese comics are fascinating. These comics often take inspiration from ancient legends, folklore, and even modern-day events, giving readers a glimpse into the vast and diverse culture of China. The intricate details and attention to authenticity in these stories make them educational and entertaining at the same time. Secondly, the artwork in Chinese comics is breathtaking. The artists employ a variety of styles, from traditional brushwork to modern digital techniques, to create visually stunning comics. The characters are often designed with intricate costumes and facial expressions that bring them to life, while the backgrounds are filled with intricate details that immerse readers in the world of the story. Moreover, the storytelling in Chinese comics is engaging and captivating. The plots are often complex and filled with twists and turns, keeping readers on the edge of their seats. The characters are multi-faceted and well-developed, making them relatable and easy to root for. The blend of humor, action, and drama in these comics makes them enjoyable for all types of readers.Lastly, Chinese comics are a window to understanding modern China. Through these comics, readers can gain insight into the culture, society, and values of contemporary China. The comics often reflect the changing times and evolving social norms, giving readers a glimpse into the pulse of the country.In conclusion, Chinese comics are a treasure trove of storytelling, artwork, and cultural insights. Their unique blend of traditional and modern elements makes them appealing to readers worldwide. I am fascinated by the depth and diversity of these comics and am always eager to explore new stories and artworks from this vibrant medium.。
lecture 1
Chapter 1
The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter Outline:
Mini-Case1.1 How Galanz Internationalizes
•
Founded in 1978, Galanz’s（格兰仕集团） predecessor was a township feather product plant. In 1992, Galanz invaded into the industry of household appliances（家用电器） with the ambition of building a famous Chinese brand in microwave oven（微波炉） industry.
1.The International Marketing Task
Foreign Environment (Uncontrollables) 7. Structure of Distribution 1. Competition
Domestic environment (Uncontrollables)
• Galanz produced 10 000 microwave ovens in the first trial in 1993 and rose to the top seat in China by its 25.1% market share in 1995. Then it began to exploit the international markets. It designed its products according to the requirement of foreign customers’ requirements, and sold them to foreign markets. In 2006, Galanz won the championship of export volume of microwave ovens for nine consecutive years.
介绍日漫的英语作文
介绍日漫的英语作文{z}Title: An Introduction to Japanese MangaManga, a popular form of Japanese comic books and graphic novels, has gained worldwide recognition and a massive fan base.These comics are not just a source of entertainment but also reflect the rich and diverse culture of Japan.The origins of manga can be traced back to the 12th century, making it an integral part of Japanese tradition and art.One of the most remarkable aspects of manga is its wide range of genres.From action and adventure to romance, science fiction, and fantasy, there is something for everyone.This versatility has contributed to its global appeal.Additionally, manga often explores social and political issues, providing a unique perspective on contemporary Japanese society.The visual style of manga is also quite distinctive.Artists use bold and vibrant characters, dynamic storytelling, and a unique panel layout to engage readers.The expressive characters, with their exaggerated features and emotions, help to convey the story"s intensity and depth.This visual style has influenced many other forms of animation and graphic novels around the world.Another interesting aspect of manga is its influence on Japanese popular culture.Manga-inspired merchandise, such as figures, clothing, and accessories, are widely popular among fans.Moreover, many manga series have been adapted into animated TV series, movies, and videogames, further expanding their reach.In recent years, the global manga market has experienced significant growth.Manga has been translated into various languages, making it accessible to readers worldwide.This has led to the emergence of a global manga community, where fans connect and share their love for this art form.However, it"s important to note that manga also faces some criticism.Its explicit content, including violence and sexual themes, has led to concerns about its impact on younger audiences.Despite these concerns, manga continues to be a powerful medium for storytelling and cultural exchange.In conclusion, manga is a multifaceted art form that offers a window into Japanese culture and society.Its diverse genres, unique visual style, and widespread popularity have made it a significant part of global popular culture.As manga continues to evolve and adapt, its influence is likely to grow, inspiring new generations of artists and readers worldwide.。
各国动漫特点英文介绍
question
Do you know something about animation?
Anime
--In Japanese culture
Japanese anime has 90 years of history, to date, animation has become Japan's third-largest industry, accounting for more than a dozen percentage points from GDP. Japanese animation has a large number of fans in the world. In Japan, regardless of the Government or business, are not merely "animation" as a simple leisure culture, but solid to be treated as an industry to support and development.
ICE
AGE
Anime
--In Chinese culture
Because of chinese Immature business environment, animators always thought that animation is just for kids , and parents involved in the animation was a bit "emotional" aspects of the particularly sensitive , so animation Infant tendency to serious. Moreover, Chinese computer graphics, film and television skills to be improved, and the works of imitation and not biased in favor of the original.
国际金融名词解释(清华版)
1. Balance of payments accounting: A country’s balance of payments accounts accounts for its payments to and its receipts from foreigners. An international transaction involves two parties, and each transaction enters the accounts twice: once as a credit (+) and once as a debit (-).国际收支账户：一国的国际收支账户，记录的是该过对外国的支付和从外国获得收入的情况。
任何导致对外国人进行支付的交易，都计入国际收支账户的借方，并在前面加上一个负号（-）；任何导致从外国人那里获得收入的交易，都计入借方，并加上一个正号（+）2. Current account balance (exports minus imports): The difference between exports of goods and services and imports of goods and services经常项目余额：出口的商品和服务与进口的商品和服务之差3. The official settlements balance: The bookkeeping offset to the balance of official reserve transactions官方结算余额：把用来抵消官方储备交易余额的登录，称为官方结算余额4. National saving (S): The portion of output (Y), that is not devoted to household consumption (C) , or government purchases (G).国民储备：是国民收入（Y）中没有用于家庭消费（C）或政府购买（G）的部分5. Appreciation is an increase in the value of a currency relative to another currency.升值：即以一种货币计价的另一种货币价格上升6. Exchange rate: The price of one currency in terms of another is called an exchange rate.汇率：用一种货币去替换另外一种货币的价格7. The real rate of return: The rate of return computed by measuring asset values in terms of some broad representative of products that savers regularly purchase.实际收益率：即用一些具有广泛代表性的、储蓄者经常购买的商品作为标准来计量资产价值进而计算出的收益率8. Forward exchange rates: The exchange rates quoted in the transactions which we can specify a value date to exchange in the future.远期汇率：外汇交易有时可以指定在未来一个时间上交割。
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The Difference Between Demestic and Japanese Comics
Nowadays, many people like comics. However, It seems that Japanese comics are more weel-accepted, because the popular comics are mostly made in Japan. Thus, people tend to look for the causes to this phenomeno. Of course there several diffences between our demestic comics and Japanese comics. And here are three major differences as to me as follows.
For on thing, the one which leads to the diffence is the difference in Voice Actor. Japanese comics is a large, perfect industry. they often make a comic music as to make a singer’s album. There are many popular Voice actors in Japan such as mizuki nana, kugimiya rie, and rie tanaka. As for the domestic comics, it can said that we almost have no well-done voice actors.
For another, the one which leads to the diffence is the difference in drama. As to drama, Japanese comics has many types, for example, blood（热血）, magic,OTAKU(宅),BL （腐）, KAWAYI（萌）.etc. For our demestic comics, we often focus on myths and hisdorical comics,lays particular stress on its educational significance.
And the most important thing which leads to the diffence is the difference in its age location. Japanese comics face audience of all ages. People in Japanese who love comics are mostly teenagers and adults. The purpose of the comic companies’ prodicing such comics is to attract all people’s attention instead of children. It even derivatives many comical cutural branches，for instance, akihabara culture culture.Akihabara is the cultural hearth and the center of the Japanese ACG games and comics, it even produces its own stars, such as AKB48, the very popular girl singer group.
On the other hand, our demestic comics are mostly made for children. We make them to entertain our children and educate them. In turns of these aspects, it should be called cartoon but not comic.
Although our demestic comiscs are not well enough as Japanese ones, Japanese comic is not as perfect as many people think. And we should have our eye on our optimistic aspects. We have groups of great drawers, we have groups of great Backstage Disney now. Our demestic comics straid a lot in the recent years, We are on the way.。