2008imc个人赛试题解答
2008滑铁卢竞赛试题
CharteredAccountantshours2008Centre for Educationare permitted provided they are non-programmable this booklet until instructed to do so.Themarks.Parts of each question can be of two types.each.FULLA Note about Writing Solutions For each problem marked “”,a full solution is required.The solutions that you provide in the answer booklet should be well organized and contain a balance of mathematical statements and words of explanation.Working out some of the details in rough on a separate piece of paper before writing your finished solution is a good idea.Your final solution should be written so that the marker can understand your approach to the problem and all of the mathematical steps of your solution.1.(a)In the diagram,what is the perimeter ofABC ?ABC D 91220(b)In the diagram,the linesegment withendpoints (a,0)and (8,b )has midpoint (5,4).What are the values of a and b ?x (c)The lines ax +y =30and x +ay =k intersect at the point P (6,12).Determinethe value of k .2.Each part of this problem refers to the parabola y =(x −2)(x −8)+7.(a)The points (2,7)and (c,7),where c =2,lie on the parabola.What is the valueof c ?(b)What are the coordinates of the vertex of the parabola?(c)A line that passes through the point A (5,0)intersects the parabola at B (4,−1).Determine the other point at which this line intersects the parabola.3.(a)A 3×3square frame is placed on a gridof numbers,as shown.In the example,thesum of the numbers inside the square frameis 108,and the middle number is 12.Whenthe square frame is moved to a new position,the sum of its numbers becomes 279.Inthe frame’s new position,what is the middlenumber?12345678910111213142930313233343536373839404142434445464748492223242526272815161718192021(b)Of the three figures shown,which has the smallest area and which has the largestarea?Explain how you determined your answer.(In Figure A,the circle has adiameter of length 2.)Figure A 2Figure B 2Figure C24.(a)A flagpole F P is 20metres tall.From pointA on the flat ground,the angle of elevation tothe top of the flagpole is 40◦.If B is halfwayfrom A to F ,what is the measure of ∠F BP ,to the nearest degree?A(b)In the diagram,AB =21andBC =16.Also,∠ABC =60◦,∠CAD =30◦,and∠ACD =45◦.Determine the length of CD ,to the nearest tenth.5.(a)In the diagram,the large circle has radius 9and centre C (15,0).The small circles haveradius 4and centres A and B on thehorizontal line y =12.Each of the two smallcircles is tangent tothe large circle.It takesa bug 5seconds to walk at a constant speed from A to B along the line y =12.How fardoes the bug walk in 1second?(b)Determine all values of k ,with k =0,for which the parabolay =kx 2+(5k +3)x +(6k +5)has its vertex on the x -axis.6.(a)The function f (x )satisfies the equation f (x )=f (x −1)+f (x +1)for all valuesof x .If f (1)=1and f (2)=3,what is the value of f (2008)?(b)The numbers a ,b ,c ,in that order,form a three term arithmetic sequence (seebelow)and a +b +c =60.The numbers a −2,b ,c +3,in that order,form a three term geometric sequence.Determine all possible values of a ,b and c .(An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which each term after the first isobtained from the previous term by adding a constant.For example,3,5,7isan arithmetic sequence with three terms.A geometric sequence is a sequence in which each term after the first is obtainedfrom the previous term by multiplying it by a constant.For example,3,6,12isa geometric sequence with three terms.)7.(a)The average of three consecutive multiples of 3is a .The average of four consecutive multiples of 4is a +27.The average of the smallest and largest of these seven integers is 42.Determine the value of a .(b)Billy and Crystal each have a bag of 9balls.The balls in each bag are numberedfrom 1to 9.Billy and Crystal each remove one ball from their own bag.Let b bethe sum of the numbers on the balls remaining in Billy’s bag.Let c be the sum ofthe numbers on the balls remaining in Crystal’s bag.Determine the probabilitythat b and c differ by a multiple of 4.8.(a)Points A ,B ,C ,and D are arranged,asshown,with AB parallel to DC and P thepoint of intersection of AC and BD .Also,∠ACB =90◦,AC =CB ,AB =BD =2.Determine the measure of ∠DBC .D AB CP 2(b)In the diagram,ABC is a right-angledtriangle with P and R on AB .Also,Q is onAC ,and P Q is parallel to BC .If RP =2,BR =3,BC =4,and the area of QRCis 5,determine the length of AP .AB C P Q R 4329.(a)The equation2x+256−x=10x2has two real solutions.Determine these twosolutions.(b)Determine all real solutions to the system of equationsx+log10x=y−1y+log10(y−1)=z−1z+log10(z−2)=x+2and prove that there are no more solutions.10.Suppose that n is a positive integer.Consider an upward-pointing equilateraltriangle of side length n,cut up into unit triangles,as shown.n=3n=4For each n,let f(n)represent the total number of downward-pointing equilateraltriangles of all sizes.For example,f(3)=3and f(4)=6+1=7,as illustratedbelow.n=3n=4f(3)=3f(4)=6+1=7(a)Determine the values of f(5)and f(6).(b)Prove that f(2k)=f(2k−1)+k2for each positive integer k≥1.(c)Determine,with justification,all positive integers n for which f(n)is divisibleby n.。
2008年上海TI杯高二年级数学竞赛答案
2008年上海市T I 杯高二年级数学竞赛答案个 人 赛 试 题一、填空题二、解 由[]1x x x -<≤得4234523452345n n n n n n n n n n n n ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤+++-<+++≤+++⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦， 所以46923452345n n n nn n n n+++-<≤+++， 故5357n <<，于是n =54，55，56．经检验n ＝55满足题意． 满足题意的正整数n ＝55．三、解 设正方形1111A B C D ，ABCD 的边长分别为a ，b ，延长OH 与11A B 相交于点M ，作ON ⊥CD ，交CD 于点N ，则由勾股定理得222221OM MA R ON DN +==+，所以 2222(2008)(2008)22a b a b ⎛⎫⎛⎫++=+- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，522008()()()4a b a b b a ⨯+=+-，故 820083212.85b a -=⨯=。
11四、解 设圆盘G 的边界上点(,)P x y 的坐标为2008cos ,02,525sin ,x y θθπθ=+⎧≤<⎨=+⎩ 代入抛物线方程22y px =，得2(525sin )2(2008cos )p θθ+=+，所以 2(525s i n ),022(2008c o s )p θθπθ+=≤<+． 利用图形计算器可得min max 68.368306,68.895664p p ==，为了使抛物线穿过G ，对min p 用进一法取近似值，对max p 用去尾法取近似值， 所以，p 的取值范围为68.36968.895p ≤≤．2008年上海市T I 杯高二年级数学竞赛答案团体赛试题答案一、解 作垂直于平行弦MN ，PQ 的半径OT ，垂足分别为C ，D ，连接OP ，OM ，又设圆心O 到PQ 的距离为s ，圆O 的半径为R ，则在Rt △OPD 和Rt △OMC 中，可得方程组222216,(2)9,s R s R ⎧+=⎪⎨++=⎪⎩ 解得3,44s R ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩设,TOM TOP αβ∠=∠=，则31212tan ,arctan 1111h s αα===+， 41616tan ,arctan 33s ββ===，所以 MP的长＝1612()arctan ) 2.265195110454311R βα-=-≈， 故MP 的长为2．265m ．二、解 连接DF由余弦定理2222DF BD BF =+-即 222(1)2x y x y -=+-所以221y x y x -+- （如右图）．ABQ令2t y =-，则2211(2)3()4,122y t x t t y t t---===-++≤≤-．所以，x 的取值范围为0,4⎡-⎣．三、解 (1) 显然4n >．若5n =，则4|(35)+；若6n =，则3|6；若7n =，则7|(34)+；若8n =，则4|8；若9n =，则3|9．当10n =时，经检验知{3,4,10}是“好集”，所以，n 的最小值0n ＝10． (2) 若{3,4,10,}m 是“好集”．则m 不是3的倍数，同时3也不能整除10m +，即m 不是32k +形式的； 3也不能整除10＋4＋m ，即m 不是31k +形式的，所以，对于任意正整数m (3,4,10)m ≠，集合{3,4,10,}m 不是“好集”．。
2008年国际商务单证员专业考试解析
2008年全国国际商务单证员专业考试国际商务单证基础理论与知识试题及详解（考试时间：6月15日上午9：00-11:00）一、单项选择题（40小题，第一小题1分，共40分。
单项选择题的答案只能选一个，多选不得分，请在答案卡上将相应的选项涂黑）1.航空公司的运价通常以“S”表示（）。
A最低运价 B附减运价 C附加运价 D普通运价【答案】C【解析】航空公司一般用不同的运价代码表示不同的种类。
同城以“S”表示等级货物附加运价（ＣｌａｓｓＲａｔｅＳｕｒｃｈａｒｇｅ）；“Ｍ＂表示最低运价；“Ｎ＂表示４５公斤以下普通货物运价；“Ｑ＂表示４５公斤以上普通货物运价；“Ｒ”表示等级货物附减运价。
2、我国出口新加坡一批货物共３万美元，分批交货，循环信用证交货，每期使用金额１万美元。
如合同规定，每期需等证行通知到达，才能恢复到原金额继续使用，则这张信用证是（）。
A非自动循环证 B半自动循环信用证C自动循环证 D自动与非自动循环证【答案】A【解析】按金额循环再使用后恢复到原金额的具体做法不同，循环信用证分为自动循环信用证、半自动循环信用证和非自动循环信用证。
非自动循环证是指该信用证规定金额被使用后，需等开征行行通知到达，原金额才能恢复使用。
3、某外贸企业对外以ＣＦＲ报价，如果客户要求将货物交到某货物运站指定承运人时，那么采用（）为宜。
Ａ．ＦＣＡＢ．ＣＩＰＣ．ＣＰＴＤ．ＤＤＰ【答案】C【解析】与CFR术语下卖房在约定的装运港交货不同的事，采用ＣＰＴ术语成交时，卖方向指定的承运人交货。
故如果客户要求将货物交到某某货运指定承运人时，那么采用CPT术语成交为宜。
4、我国是《万国邮政公约》的签约国之一，根据这一公约的规定，进出境邮递物品的“报税单”和“绿色标签”应随同物品通过（）火但是人呈递给海关。
A报关企业 B国际货运代理公司C邮政企业或快递公司 D收、发货人【答案】C【解析】我国是《万国邮政公约》的签约国。
根据《万国邮政公约》的规定，进出口邮包必须由寄件人填写“报税单”（小件邮包填写“绿色标签”），列明所及物品的名称、价值、数量，想邮包寄达国家的海关申报。
美赛历年题目_pdf
马剑整理历年美国大学生数学建模赛题目录MCM85问题-A 动物群体的管理 (3)MCM85问题-B 战购物资储备的管理 (3)MCM86问题-A 水道测量数据 (4)MCM86问题-B 应急设施的位置 (4)MCM87问题-A 盐的存贮 (5)MCM87问题-B 停车场 (5)MCM88问题-A 确定毒品走私船的位置 (5)MCM88问题-B 两辆铁路平板车的装货问题 (6)MCM89问题-A 蠓的分类 (6)MCM89问题-B 飞机排队 (6)MCM90-A 药物在脑内的分布 (6)MCM90问题-B 扫雪问题 (7)MCM91问题-B 通讯网络的极小生成树 (7)MCM 91问题-A 估计水塔的水流量 (7)MCM92问题-A 空中交通控制雷达的功率问题 (7)MCM 92问题-B 应急电力修复系统的修复计划 (7)MCM93问题-A 加速餐厅剩菜堆肥的生成 (8)MCM93问题-B 倒煤台的操作方案 (8)MCM94问题-A 住宅的保温 (9)MCM 94问题-B 计算机网络的最短传输时间 (9)MCM-95问题-A 单一螺旋线 (10)MCM95题-B A1uacha Balaclava学院 (10)MCM96问题-A 噪音场中潜艇的探测 (11)MCM96问题-B 竞赛评判问题 (11)MCM97问题-A Velociraptor(疾走龙属)问题 (11)MCM97问题-B为取得富有成果的讨论怎样搭配与会成员 (12)MCM98问题-A 磁共振成像扫描仪 (12)MCM98问题-B 成绩给分的通胀 (13)MCM99问题-A 大碰撞 (13)MCM99问题-B “非法”聚会 (14)MCM2000问题-A空间交通管制 (14)MCM2000问题-B: 无线电信道分配 (14)MCM2001问题- A: 选择自行车车轮 (15)MCM2001问题-B 逃避飓风怒吼（一场恶风...） .. (15)MCM2001问题-C我们的水系-不确定的前景 (16)MCM2002问题-A风和喷水池 (16)MCM2002问题-B航空公司超员订票 (16)MCM2002问题-C (16)MCM2003问题-A: 特技演员 (18)MCM2003问题-B: Gamma刀治疗方案 (18)MCM2003问题-C航空行李的扫描对策 (19)MCM2004问题-A：指纹是独一无二的吗？ (19)MCM2004问题-B：更快的快通系统 (19)MCM2004问题-C安全与否？ (19)MCM2005问题A.水灾计划 (19)MCM2005B.Tollbooths (19)MCM2005问题C：不可再生的资源 (20)MCM2006问题A: 用于灌溉的自动洒水器的安置和移动调度 (20)MCM2006问题B: 通过机场的轮椅 (20)MCM2006问题C : 抗击艾滋病的协调 (21)MCM2007问题B ：飞机就座问题 (24)MCM2007问题C：器官移植：肾交换问题 (24)MCM2008问题A:给大陆洗个澡 (28)MCM2008问题B：建立数独拼图游戏 (28)MCM85问题-A 动物群体的管理在一个资源有限，即有限的食物、空间、水等等的环境里发现天然存在的动物群体。
2008年中国国家集训队选拔考试
Gn = {1 ,2 , …, n}的全部非空子集排成一个
序列 P1 , P2 , …, P2 n - 1 ,使得对任意的 i ∈{1 ,
2 , …,2 n - 2} ,总有
| Pi ∩Pi + 1 | = 1 ,且 P1 = {1} , P2 n - 1 = Gn .
当 n = 3 时 ,序列{1} ,{1 ,2} ,{2} ,{2 ,3} ,
+
(6 k 2
+4i
+ 1)
=4k
+2i
+1
为蓝色 ,取 an + 1 = 6 k + 4 i + 1 即可.
至此引理 3 证完.
综上三个引理便知结论成立.
2008 年第 7 期
第二天
四 、首先 ,当 n ≥3 时 ,对 n 用数学归纳
法证明下述命题 :
对任意的正整数 n ( n ≥3) ,可以将集合
P′2 k - 4 ∪{ k + 1} , P′2 k - 5 , …, P′3 ,
P′2 ∪{ k + 1} ,{ k + 1} , P′1 ∪{ k + 1} , P′2 ,
P′3 ∪{ k + 1 } , P′4 , …, P′2 k - 2 , ′ P2 k - 1 ∪
{ k + 1}.
q ≥2 p - 1.
三 、引理 1 若正整数集 N+ 中存在一个
无穷的等差数列 ,则结论成立.
事实上 ,设无穷序列 c1 < c2 < …< cn <
…是 一 个 N+ 中 的 红 色 的 等 差 数 列. 则 取
ai = c2 i - 1 ( i ∈N+ ) ,便得到一个满足要求的
全国大学生英语竞赛C类初赛真题及答案汇总集
超链接：1)2003年NECC初赛试题2)2004年NECC初赛试题3)2005年NECC初赛试题4)2006年NECC初赛试题5)2007年NECC初赛试题6)2008年NECC初赛样题7)2008年NECC初赛试题8)2009年NECC初赛试题9)2010年NECC初赛试题2003年NECC初赛试题2003 National English Contest for College Students（Preliminary）Part I Listening Comprehension（30 minutes，30 points）Section A Dialogues（10 points）Directions：In this section ，you will hear 10 short dialogues．At the end of each dialogue，a question will be asked about what was said．Both the dialogue and the question will be read only once．After each question there will be a pause．during the pause，you must read the four choices marked A，B，C and D，and decide which is the best answer．Then m ark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center．1．A．A sales clerk．B．A police officer．C．A tailor．D．A nurse．2．A．By train．B．She walks．C．By car．D．By bus．3．A．Fish is the only dish left．B．Chicken is the only dish left．C．Vegetarian meals are not offered．D．There aren't any vegetarian meals left．4．A．He starts work next weekend．B．He'll be away．C．He'll be in the mountains．D．He's moving to Florida．5．A．In an elevator．B．At a dress store．C．On the seventh floor．D．At a department store．6．A．They felt it was disorganized．B．They were pleased with its Asian content．C．They felt it lacked Asian content．D．They felt it ignored recent events．7．A．He doesn't have enough time．B．He doesn't have a watch．C．The library doesn't have the articles he wants．D．He can't find the library．8．A．He wants the woman to dine out with them．B．He wants to work tomorrow．C．He wants the woman to finish dinner first．D．He wants to pay for the dinner．9．A．Twice a day．B．Twice a week．C．Once a week．D．Daily．10．A．At two o'clock．B．At four o'clock．C．At three thirty．D．At eight o'clock．Section B News Items（10 points）Directions：In this section，you will hear 10 pieces of short news from BBC or VOA．There will be a question following each piece of news．Write down the answer to each question in no more than 15words．11．_______________________________________12．_______________________________________13．_______________________________________14．_______________________________________15．_______________________________________16．_______________________________________17．_______________________________________18．_______________________________________19．_______________________________________20．_______________________________________Section C Compound Dictation（10 points）Directions：In this section，you will hear a passage three times．When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea．Then listen to the passage again．When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 21 to 28 with the exact words you have just heard．For blanks numbered from 29 to 30，you are required to fill in the missing information．You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words．Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written and rewrite the correct answers on the Answer Sheet．Although general Motors and General Electric are large multinational companies with operations around the globe，there are numerous smaller companies that engage in international trade．Because 95percent of the world's population and two-thirds of its (21)_____ power are located outside the United States，it is important for American (22)_____to be present in foreign markets．However，before we explain the different methods by which a company may (23)_____in international trade，we might first consider some important (24)_____that U.S．companies often fail to study before they sell products in a foreign country．These factors are (25)_____with differences in language，in values and attitudes，and in political (26)_____．When (27)_____Coca-Cola into the Chinese market in 1920，the company used a group of Chinese symbols that，when spoken，sounded like Coca-Cola．However，when read，these symbols meant，“a female horse fattened with wax”．Upon reentering the Chinese market in the 1970s，Coca-Cola used a series of Chinese (28)_____that translates into“happiness in the mouth”．(29)_________________________．Culture is the total pattern of human behavior that is practiced by a particular group of people．(30)_________________________．Part II V ocabulary and Structure（15 minutes，30 points）Section A Multiple Choice（20 points）Directions：Questions 31-50 constitute a complete passage．There are 20blanks in the passage．For each blank there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the one that best completes the sentence．Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．31．Senior Metropolitan police officers tried to dismiss the Noting Hill race riots which raged for five nights over the August bank holiday in 1958 as the work of“ruffians ，both colored and white”hell-bent on hooliganism ，according to _____ official files．A．recent revealed B．newly releasedC．previous disclosing D．earlier exposing32．But police eyewitness reports in the secret papers_____ that they were overwhelmingly the work of a white working class mob out to get the“niggers”．A．contain B．convinceC．consist D．confirm33．The ferocity of the Noting Hill“racial riots”，as the press called them at the time，shocked Britain into_____ for the first time that it was not above the kind of racial conflict then being played out in the American deep south．A．realizing B．witnessingC．watching D．identifying34．The carnival，which will_____ the streets of west London _____more than 1.5 million people this weekend，was started in 1959 as a direct response to the riots．A．crowd；of B．pour；forC．fill；with D．emerge；in35．While senior officers tried to play down the racial aspects of the riots，the internal Metropolitan police files released this month at the public record office confirm that the disturbances were overwhelmingly _____ by 300 to 400 strong“Keep Britain White”mobs ，many of them Teddy boys armed with iron bars ，butcher's knives and weighted leather belts，who went“nigger-hunting”among the West Indian residents of Noting Hill and Noting Dale．A．erupted B．commencedC．triggered D．inaugurated36．The first night left five black men _____ on the pavements of Noting Hill．A．lying unconscious B．there diedC．feel faint D．serious hurt37．The battles raged over the bank holiday weekend as the black _____responded in kind with counterattacks by large groups of“men of color”similarly armed．A．column B．armyC．brigade D．community38．Thomas Williams was stopped by the police as he came out of Bluey's Club on Talbot Road，Noting Hill．He _____a piece of iron down his left trouser leg，a petrol bomb in his right pocket and a razor blade in his inside breast pocket：“I have to protect myself，”he told the arresting officer．A．found to have B．was found to haveC．found having D．was found having39．The _____ files，which were sealed under the 75-year rule but have been released early，show that senior officers tried to convince the then home secretary，“Rab”Butler，that there was not a racial element to the rioting．A．forbidden B．confidentialC．incredible D．strict40．In his official report，Detective Sergeant M.Walters of the Notting Hill police said the national press had been wrong to portray the“widespread series of street disturbances”as“racial”riots：“Whereas there certainly was some _____ feeling between white and colored residents in this area，it is abundantly clear much of the trouble was caused by ruffians，both colored and white，who seized on this opportunity to indulge in hooliganism ．”A．ill B．sickC．painful D．hurt41．But the police witness statements and private statistics _____ ．A．told differently B．interpreted in a different wayC．existed m any differences D．told a different story42．The Met com missioner was told that _____ the 108people who were charged with offences ranging from grievous bodily harm to affray and riot and possessing offensive weapons，72 were white and 36 were “colored”．A．for B．fromC．of D．in43．It is popularly believed that the riot began on the night of Saturday，August 20，when a 400-strong crowd of white men，_____“Teds”，attacked houses occupied by West Indians．A．they are all B．many of themC．some were D．most of them belong to44．Among the _____ was Majbritt Morrison ，a young white Swedish bride of a Jamaican．A．offenders B．riotersC．victims D．residents45．She was pelted with stones，glass and wood，and _____ in the back with an iron bar as she tried to get home．A．bruised B．struckC．patted D．scratched46．The internal police witness statements provide graphic evidence of the motives of the mobs—at one point crowds several thousand strong roamed the streets of Notting Hill，_____ homes and attacking any West Indian they could find．A．plunging into B．breaking intoC．seeking for D．searching for47．PC Richard Bedford said he had seen a mob of 300 to 400 white people in Bramley Road _____：“We will kill all black bastards．Why don't you send them home？”A．shouting B．to cryC．utter D．announced48．PC Ian McQueen on the same night said he was told：“Mind your own _____，cops．Keep out of it．We will settle these niggers our way．We'll murder the bastards．”A．matters B．affairC．things D．business49．The disturbances continued night after night until they finally petered out on September 5．At the Old Bailey Judge Salmon later handed down exemplary _____ of four years each on nine white youths who had gone“nigger hunting”．A．decisions B．statementsC．trials D．sentences50．While those dealt with by the courts were overwhelmingly white ，the large number of black people also arrested and the official _____ there had not been a racial motive ensured a legacy of black mistrust of the Metropolitan police that has never really been eradicated．A．persistence B．perseveranceC．insistence D．instanceSection B Error Correction（10points）Directions：The following passage contains 9 errors．In each case only one word is involved．You should proofread the passage on the Answer Sheet and correct it in the following way：EXAMPLEOne night，quite late，I was still awake in the room I am shared with 1. ammy husband．I was lying on my right side and can hear a child crying． 2. couldGetting up，I went ∧see if our son was all right． 3. toHe was sleeping soundly，breathing deeply and gently． 4. √The ZipperWhatever did we do before the invention of the zipper？In 1893 the world's first zipper was produced in Chicago．Although the inventor claimed that it was a reliable fasteningfor clothing，this was not the case．The Chicago zipper sprang 51．______open without warning，or jammed shut，and it swiftly lostpopularity．Twenty years ago a Swedish-born engineer called 52．______Sundback solved the problem．He attached tiny cups to thebacks of the interlocked teeth，and this meant that the teeth 53．______could be enmeshed more firmly and reliably．At first zippers were made of metal．They were heavy，andif they got stuck it was difficult to free．Then came nylon 54．______zippers which were lighter and easier to use，and had smallerteeth．The fashion industry liked the new zippers far betterbecause they didn’t distort the line of the garment or weighing 55．______down light fabrics．They were also easier for the machiniststo fit into the garment．Meanwhile a new fastening agent made its appearance atthe end of the twenty century: velcro. Velcro is another product 56．______made from nylon．Nylon is a very tough synthetic fibre firstdeveloped in the 1930s，and bearing a name to mind the wearer 57．______of the two places where it was developed：NY for New York andLON for London．Velcro is made with very small nylon hooks onone side of the fastening which caught tiny looped whiskers on the 58．______other side of the fastening．It is strong and durable．Velcro is used on clothing，luggages and footwear．It is quick 59．______and easy to fasten and unfasten，and has taken a large part ofthe zipper's share of the market．It is also used in ways a zippercannot be used—for instance as an easily changed fastening onplaster casts，and to hold furnishing fabrics in a position．60．______Part III Situational Dialogues（5 minutes，10 points）Directions：Complete the following dialogues by choosing the best answer．Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．61．Rob：Hey Jill，you're looking great．Jill：Thanks，Rob．____________Rob：Well，you did it．How？Jill：I jog every morning，and I go to aerobics every other day．A．I bought this dress yesterday．Really smart．B．You are looking fine too．C．I'm recovering my strength after the flu．D．My New Year's resolution was to get in shape．62．Bob：Hi Jane．How are you？Jane：____________I didn't sleep a wink last night．The people next door were making a lot of noise again till very late at night．A．I'm feeling a bit out of sorts this morning．B．Fine，thank you．And you？C．I slept like a log and didn't want to get out of bed．D．It seems a bit unusual，you know．63．Ann ：Aah！He's gorgeous！Look at those big，golden paws．When did you get him？Roger：Yesterday．____________Ann ：Oh，right．What kind is she？Roger：A Labrador．A．Susan's got a more beautiful one．B．What's up？C．It's a she actually．D．Isn't it right？64．Tina：Wow，look at all the things on sale．____________Andrew：Yes，look，this shirt is 50 ％off．Tina：And look at these shoes．They are 30 ％off the normal price．A．I'd like to buy a skirt．B．There are some real bargains．C．Are the prices reasonable？D．These shoes are the same as mine．65．Woman：Have you finished the packaging？Man ：____________Woman：Good．Because the truck will be coming soon，this is a rush job．A．Don't hurry m or I'll break the glass．B．Almost．I just have to wrap the glass and put it into boxes．C．No，I haven't．Why didn't you help me with it？D．Yes，I have．What else can I do for you？66．Customs Officer ：________________________Mrs．John son ：No，nothing at all．Customs Officer ：No perfume，alcohol or cigarettes？Mrs．John son ：Well，I have 200 cigarettes；that's all．A．Do you have anything in the bag，ma'am？B．Do you have anything to declare，ma'am？C．Do you want to buy something，ma'am？D．Is there anything I can do for you，ma'am？67．Linda：Hello．I'd like to send this package，please．Clerk：____________________________________Linda：First class．How long will that take？Clerk：About three days．A．How would you like to send it？B．Which class are you in？C．Where do you want to send it to？D．Which class is it in？68．Assistant：Can I help you？Colin ：Yes，it's about this sports shirt．I washed it the other day．The colour ran and it shrank．Assistant：Oh dear，I see．________________________Colin ：I'm afraid not．Assistant：I'm sorry，but I'm not allowed to change anything without a receipt．A．Did you buy it here？B．Would you want to change it？C．Do you have the receipt？D．Could you tell me who sold it to you？69．James：Could I have my bill，please？Can I pay by credit card or eurocheque？Receptionist：____________James：I'll pay by credit card，then．Receptionist：That's fine．I hope you enjoyed your stay here．A．Here's your bill．B．Sorry，we don't take credit card．C．You can pay by eurocheque．D．Yes，we take both．70．Husband：When is our anniversary？Wife：________________________Husband：No，it's just that I bought these flowers for you and I was hoping today was the day．A．Hmm ．．．I can't remember either．Why？B．Hey，are these flowers for me？C．Who cares？Do you want to give me a surprise？D．Are you joking？Have you really forgotten again？Part IV Reading Comprehension（25 minutes，40 points）Section A Multiple Choice（10 points）Directions：There is one reading passage in this part．The passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage：Taking a peep at what's going on in your headCARL Filer，18，a star salesman at a B＆Q hardware store in the UK，was called up for promotion within one week of starting work．But，instead of being made supervisor，he was sacked—after his employers saw the results of his psychometric test．You might think that anyone who answers that he“strongly disagrees he is an over-achiever is asking for trouble，but Mr Filer already thought he had proved himself more than capable．This year，nearly half of UK firms—46 percent—will use psychometric tests to select trainees，compared with just 17 percent in 2000，according to a report for GTI，a publisher of graduate career guides．These tests，which rate candidates’ability and gauge their personality，have been used in the UK since the 1980s．But assorted studies have shown most people—graduates in particular—are wholly cynical about the idea of their personality being“measured．“People tend to see them as either too silly or too clever， says Clive Fletcher，professor of occupational psychology at University of London．“But all the evidence indicates the tests do have some value．The first personality test as we know it，was developed by the American army in 1917 to filter out weak recruits．But it was not until the 1980s that the tests became popular in Britain．With a rising number of graduates going for a decreasing number of jobs，organizations began to see psychometric testing asa cheap，reliable alternative to the expensive，time-consuming interview．But today the tests are becoming alarmingly sophisticated and are edging towards probing the“dark side：pathology and personality disorders．Increasingly，tests are being used to try to detect promising young graduates who may，later in life，fly off the rails（go crazy）；or to stop psychopaths（having mental disorder）getting recruited．In the future，interviewees could even be given a mouth swab to reveal the genetic and biological markers of personality．“We are heading for the era of genetic screening，”warns Carolyn Jones，of the Institute for Employment Rights．“I think these tests are very flawed．And there are other problems with the tests．For starters，it is possible to fake it—even the test producers agree on this．But they have made it as hard as possible．For example，look at whether you agree or disagree with the following two statements：“New ideas come easily to me and“I find generating new concepts difficult． How long did it take you to realize they both could mean the same thing？The main argument，however，is that the tests are invalid and cannot quantify（put a numerical value on）something as changeable as personality．The golden rule is then，that a psychometric test should never be used as the sole basis of selection，but should always be followed by interviews．71．Most people's attitude towards the psychometric test is ______．A．contemptuous B．favorable C．tolerant D．confounded72．Which of the following is one of the reasons why psychometric testing wins an advantage over interviews？A．It doesn't cost any money．B．It requires no equipment．C．It is time-saving．D．It can be done within seconds．73．Which of the following statements is the author's idea？A．Psychometric tests are defective．B．Psychometric tests should not be the only way to recruit promising young graduates．C．Psychometric tests are invalid and cannot quantify something changeable as personality．D．Psychometric tests are golden rules．74．The test producers make the tests very complicated to ______．A．avoid cheating B．improve genetic screeningC．find out the best ideas D．generate new concepts75．Which of the following is not true according to the passage？A．The American army developed the first personality test to screen out weak recruits．B．In the future，interviewers could give a mouth swab to reveal interviewees’symptoms．C．There are possibilities for starters to cheat in the psychometric tests．D．Interviews still play an important role in evaluating interviewees．Section B Short Answer Questions（30 points）Directions：In this part there are 3 passages with 15 questions or incomplete statements．Read the passages carefully．Then answer the questions in the fewest possible words（not exceeding 10 words）．Remember to rewrite the answers on the Answer Sheet．Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage：The 8 Steps of Social Invention1．Get ready to play．Like other types of creativity，social inventiveness flourishes when you begin thinking outsideconventional boundaries．Charlie Girsch，a St．Paul，Minnesota-based creativity consultant，suggests that you start by playing with obviously absurd explanations for everyday events．“If traffic is slow，you'll be tem pted to say，‘Hmm．Must be an accident up ahead．’Instead，try saying，‘Must be a family of turtles crossing the highway’or‘I expect there's some kind of alien abduction going on．’You'll be amazed how soon you will be looking at familiar problems in new ways．”Girsch's book，Fanning the Creative Spirit（Creativity Central，1999）has scores of other exercises for limbering up the inventive part of your brain．2．Generate a zillion far-fetched ideas．Concerned about the homeless in your neighborhood？Imagine a Homeless Parliament，a Homeless Circus，homeless families forming an orchestra，a homeless museum ．．．and on and on．Generate like mad with no regard for feasibility in order，as social invention pioneer Nicholas Albery advises，to“overcome e worthy-but-dull ideas．”Eventually the two or three best ideas will begin to stand out．3．Take your wildest idea and bring it down to earth．How about that Homeless Circus？Could it turn into a forum for homeless people to display their creative talents？A performance series about homelessness？A neighborhood carnival with the homeless as guests of honor？Your flakiest idea may have a germ of brilliance that actually makes it more attractive，and thus more feasible（and fundable），than its worthy-but-dull cousins．4．Look for in venations that solve more than one problem．The Slow Food Movement，born in Italy，boosts local farmers and regional cuisine traditions and restaurateurs and the same time that it“feeds”our hunger for authentic tastes，healthy eating，and a more leisurely，saner style of life．5．Accentuate the positive．“A very common question that I get when I work with people in communities is‘Why doesn't anybody care about our problems？’”notes M chael Patterson，a social inventor and activist in Massachusetts．“What a worthless question．‘Why’？questions are for philosophers．Ask‘How’？and‘What’？questions—they are a lot more practical．”For instance，Patterson asks，“What would you do if you knew you couldn't fail？”6．Give it a rest．Walk away from your favorite idea for a while，forget about it，let it sleep．With your conscious mind out of the way，your subconscious gets to fiddle with the concept for a while，and you just might have an unexpected insight or breakthrough．7．Practice“yes and”in stead of“yes but”．No matter how tempted you are to say“Yes，but this will be hard because，”or“Yes，but a million other people are doing this，”shift the conjunction to“and”and see what sort of positive refinement or change emerges．“Yes，and we could concentrate on immigrants．”“Yes，and we can make it open to all ages．”8．Get your idea into the world．This is the tough part．You might seek out the help of activists who will take a shine to your ideas．Or become an organizer yourself．Paul Glove，a New York social inventor，coun-sels：“If you have an idea you believe in，write a pamphlet with your phone number on it and post it in Laundromats and bookstores．If three people call you，have lunch with them and call yourselves an organization．If five people call，meet with them and issue a press release．”Presto，you're launched．76．To generate far-fetched ideas helps to ______．77．Michael Patterson wants us to come up with“How”？and“What”？instead of“Why”？questionsbecause he considers they are more practical than ______．78．The purpose to practice“yes and”instead of“yes but”is to make yourself more ______．79．According to the article，when one has difficulty developing his favorite idea，he should ______．80．One should not only generate far-fetched ideas but also ______ because the latter step is the nearest to reality．Questions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage：Thin Slice of TV Has Big MarketIt is too early to write an obituary for bulky picture tubes，which will remain the most affordable TV sets for years to come．But，analysts and industry executives insist that thin screens already have started to become the dominant format for TV sets in the digital era．Sharp price cuts have brought plasma sets and other thin，flat televisions out of high-end electronic boutiques and into thousands of mass-market outlets such as Cosco，a wholesale buying club in the US，best known for offering members bulk items and big discounts．The least expensive plasma sets still cost a hefty US ＄3，000or more ，yet sales are growing so rapidly that many manufacturers are racing to boost production．That increase，combined with expanding production capacity and improved technology，could push the price of plasma sets down by one-third next year，according to analyst Richard Doherty of Envisioneering Group，a US research firm．But manufacturers are not just competing with each other；they are also trying to fend off challenges from competing thin-screen technologies，such as liquid crystal displays（LCD）．The demand for thin screens is fuelled in part by the advent of DVDs and digital TV broadcasts，which offer more detailed pictures and more lifelike colors than conventional analog TV signals．To see the difference，consumers need a set that can pack more information onto the screen than their current TVs can．This sharpness is most vivid on screens that are 40inches diagonal or larger．At that size，however，traditional direct view and projection TVs are so bulky that many consumers have trouble finding a place for them at home．Hence the interest in thin screens—models slender and light enough to hang on a wall．The glass panels at the heart of plasma and LCD sets come mainly from about a dozen companies with factories in Japan，South Korea and，increasingly，China．About 800，000 plasma panels will be shipped this year around the world，analysts say．That is a tiny amount compared with the overall market for TVs，which was about 140 million sets last year．But，industry experts said 2003would be a“breakout year”or plasma because shipments should double．Helping drive the growth are new or expanded manufacturing facilities．For example，Japanese electronics giant NEC last year doubled the capacity of its Japanese factory—reaching 300，000to 400，000 plasma panels．And it plans to double it again in 2003，officials said．As competition has heated up during the last four years，prices have fallen more than 50 percent．According to“NPD Tec world”，the average price of a plasma display sold in the US dropped from US ＄12，700in January 1999 to US ＄6，100in October 2002．The best markets for plasma screens have been in Asia，and about half of the sets have gone to businesses instead of homes．LCD TVs carry a premium price—they can be 10 times as expensive as a comparable tube-driven television—that knocks them out of most buyers’budgets．。
2008年头脑奥林匹克地区赛即兴题汇编(一)
2008年头脑奥林匹克地区赛即兴题汇编（一）王亦民一、蝴蝶A、当参赛队走进房间时，告诉他们，“这是一道语言类即兴题。
你们有1分钟的时间选择5名队员解题。
其他人必须坐在这些座位上旁观（手指座位）或离开房间。
他们不能以任何方式参与解题。
”B、向队员宣读：（括号里的文字不要读）1、你们有1分钟时间思考，5分钟时间解题。
你们可以向裁判提问，但计时继续。
任何时候，队员间不能交谈。
2、每个普通回答得1分，每个创造性回答得5分。
3、每人有7张卡片，按顺序回答。
在你给出一个回答后，要放一张卡片到盒子里。
4、回答大声清晰，一旦计时开始，就不会停止，即使裁判要求你重复或解释你的答案，或给出另一个正确的答案。
5、不可以打乱顺序回答。
如果一名队员回答不出，参赛队的解题就会停下来。
6、时间到或卡片用完，解题结束。
7、你们的问题是举例说明蝴蝶的用处，或蝴蝶可用来做什么，不能用来做什么。
比如，你可以说：“蝴蝶可被用来装饰墙壁。
”（重复第7项，“你们的问题是……。
”开始前可说：“我再重复一遍。
”）C．仅供裁判阅读：1．在第一支队比赛前，裁判应该讨论并实践解题。
你们可以做一些适用于所有参赛队的决定。
2．向参赛队朗读前，放两份题目，让所有队员都能看到。
在比赛期间，参赛队可以参考。
3．每名队员发7张卡片。
每叠卡片可区分开来，比如，不同的颜色、不同的形状等。
确认每名队员在给出一个回答后，放回一张卡片到盒子里。
4．在队员够得着的地方放一个盒子。
确定盒子是打开的，盒子足够的大，能放下35张卡片。
5．确认给参赛队1分钟时间思考问题，5分钟时间解题。
计时要严格。
时间一结束，参赛队应停止回答，并开始评分。
6．评分：每个普通回答得1分，每个创造性回答得5分。
7．普通回答举例：有关蝴蝶显而易见的回答。
“蝴蝶让花园变得更漂亮。
”“在艺术课上使用。
”“在自然课上使用。
”“可用来装饰衣服、桌布、家具等。
”“蝴蝶不能用来上数学课。
”“不能用来学开车。
”“不能用来造房子。
2008年imo预选题组合
2008年imo预选题组合一、了解IMO国际数学奥林匹克竞赛国际数学奥林匹克（International Mathematical Olympiad，简称IMO）是世界上最具影响力的青少年数学竞赛活动。
自1959年起，每年举办一次。
我国自1985年开始参加IMO，取得了优异的成绩。
IMO竞赛对学生的数学素养、思维能力和创新精神有很高的要求，因此吸引了全球众多优秀中学生参加。
二、分析2008年IMO预选题组合的特点1.题目难度：2008年IMO预选题组合的题目难度较高，需要参赛者具备扎实的基本功、灵活的思维和较强的数学素养。
2.题目类型：组合题目在IMO竞赛中占有一定比例，主要包括组合计数、组合几何、组合恒等式等。
2008年IMO预选题组合涵盖了这些类型。
3.解题技巧：题目要求参赛者运用图论、排列组合、不等式等知识进行解答，考查了参赛者的综合能力。
三、应对此类题目的策略和技巧1.熟练掌握基本概念和公式：熟练掌握组合数学的基本概念和公式，如排列组合公式、二项式定理等，是解决组合题目的基础。
2.善于寻找规律：在解题过程中，要善于从已知条件中寻找规律，运用归纳、演绎等方法进行推导。
3.灵活运用图论知识：熟练掌握图论的基本概念和算法，如遍历、最短路径、最小生成树等，能帮助解决部分组合题目。
4.提高解题速度：在训练过程中，要注意提高解题速度，培养自己的应试能力。
四、提高数学竞赛能力的建议1.扎实掌握基本知识：熟练掌握中学阶段的数学基本知识和技能，为解决高难度题目奠定基础。
2.培养数学思维能力：通过参加数学竞赛、培训班等形式，提高自己的数学思维能力。
3.多做真题：多做往届IMO和国际、国内各级数学竞赛真题，总结经验，提高解题技巧。
4.参加团队训练：加入数学竞赛团队，与其他优秀选手交流学习，共同提高。
5.保持良好的心态：面对竞赛压力，保持良好的心态，发挥自己的最佳水平。
2008全国外贸跟单员考试_基础理论试题(A卷)及答案
A．劳工权利B．劳动环境 C．劳动条件 D．休息自由 21．已知某公司生产的集装箱内径尺寸为5.9m×2.35m×2.38m，则该集装
箱通常是（ ）。
A．45英尺的集装箱 B．20英尺的集装箱 C．40英尺的高柜集装箱 D．40英尺的集装箱 22．A公司以总价CIF Shanghai USD55000.00进口零配件。船舶于2008 年6月27日（周五）向海关申报进境，7月14日该公司向海关报关。 按我国《海关法》的有关规定，海关按当时的人民币对美元汇率
13．从我国的商业习惯出发，制作下列货物出口单据时，正确的排列顺 序是（ ）。 A．产地证、商业发票、装箱单、汇票 B．商业发票、产地证、装箱单、汇票 C．汇票、商业发票、产地证、装箱单 D．商业发票、汇票、产地证、装箱单
14．一把钥匙能打开多把锁的锁具系统是（ ）。 A．连通锁B．总统锁C．建筑师锁 D．通道锁
24．普通玻璃的主要成分是（ ）。 A．Na2OB．CaO C．H2SiO3 D．SiO2
25．当采用CIP、CPT、FCA贸易术语成交时，就卖方承担的费用而言， 下列排列顺序正确的是（ ）。
A．CIP大于CPT大于FCA B．CPT大于FCA大于CIP C．FCA大于CIP大于CPT D．CIP大于FCA大于CPT 26．2008年10月，大连荣发印染有限公司从美国购买“迪特”牌电脑分色 仪一台，贸易术语为CIP大连USD45000.00，价格中包含了电脑主机 （USD2000.00）和应用软件（USD43000.00）二个部分。运输方式 为航空运输。以下说法不正确的是（ ）。
A．卫生指标 B．农药残留限量指标 C．大小指标 D．定量（克）指标 7．外贸跟单员对“绿色包装”不正确的理解是（ ）。 A．在使用过程中，能够回收再利用的包装材料 B．在生产过程中，来源广泛、能耗低、易回收且再循环利用率高 的包装材料 C．在使用后，能够将报废的包装材料回收再利用 D．在废弃后，经济价值能够迅速降低，方便回收的包装材料 8．在日本规定的安全认证体系中，属于政府的强制性认证标志是（ ）。 A．CE标志B．S-Mark标志C．T-Mark标志 D．UL标志 9．出现在纺织服装中的洗涤保养标识（如下图），其含义是（ ）。
ACM选拔赛2008
C. 从三马同槽到三点共线
问题描述: 你应该还记得《三国演义》中"三马同槽"的故事吧.诗曰: "三马同槽事 可疑,不知已植晋根基.曹瞒空有奸雄略,岂识朝中司马师?"可怜奸雄曹操, 最终落得个"螳螂捕蝉,黄雀在后" .不过今天,咱们要考虑的是三点是否共线. 也就是说,平面上的三个点是否落在同一条直线上.你可能会说,平面上的三个 点跟我素昧平生,它们是否共线管我啥事儿?你可别忘了,此问题今天的身份不 一般,它在咱们的 ACM 选拔赛中粉墨登场,难道你想视而不见? 输入 a,b,c,d,e,f 共 6 个数.其中 a,b 表示第一个点的横坐标和纵坐 标;c,d 表示第二个点的横坐标和纵坐标;e,f 表示第三个点的横坐标和纵坐 标.如果三点共线,则输出 Yes.否之输出 No. 输入: a,b,c,d,e,f 共 6 个数,以空格隔开. 输出: 如果三点共线,则输出 Yes.否则,输出 No. 输入输出样例: 输入 001122 1 1 3.1 6.6 2 1 输出 Yes No
9
H. "过猴"的多多
问题描述: 鲁宾逊先生有一只宠物猴, 名叫多多. 这天, 他们两个正沿着乡间小路散步, — 突然发现路边的告示牌上贴着一张小小的纸条: 欢迎免费品尝我种的花生! — " 熊字" . 鲁宾逊先生和多多都很开心,因为花生正是他们的最爱.在告示牌背后,路 .多多练就了 边真的有一块花生田,花生植株整齐地排列成矩形网格(如图 1) 一身过人的本领(准确地说,应该是"过猴"的本领) ,它一眼就能看出,每棵 花生植株下的花生有多少.为了训练多多的算术,鲁宾逊先生说: "你先找出花 生最多的植株,去采摘它的花生;然后再找出剩下的植株里花生最多的,去采摘 它的花生;依此类推,不过你一定要在我限定的时间内回到路边. "