Reactive Compensation Technology Based on Vehicle to Grid
欧盟Dispower项目任务描述
List of Work PackagesWP 01WP 02WP 03WP 04WP 05WP 06WP 07WP 08WP 09WP 10WP 11 WP 01: Grid stability and controlThe work undertaken has yielded significant contributions to the effective integration of DG into the operation and planning of distribution networks. Notable results achieved are summarised below.(i) Control concepts and methodologies for stable operation of networks with very high penetration of DGDistribution network managementFive hardware configurations of a Distribution Management System (DMS) controller of increasing complexity have been proposed. The simplest relies on local measurements at the 33/11kV substation while the most complex proposes a hierarchical arrangement of DMS controllers. Simple implementations have been proposed and demonstrated with the distributed generator under local control and the controller operating on the automatic voltage controller (AVC) at the 33/11kV transformer. More complex control scheduling applying state estimation and optimisation techniques has also been implemented as well as a priority-list type method based on decision tree theory.Advanced probabilistic load flow (PLF) techniques have been developed and applied to study the effects of various levels of wind power penetration on the voltage profile of a realistic power system. The PLF programs evaluate the probability density functions of the network voltages, flows and losses taking into account the probability density functions of generation (conventional and renewable) and loads. In this way, operation limit violations are obtained for the whole study period with the probability of each violation. In addition, a probabilistic type of analysis allows decisions for relaxation of some operating constraints to be based on objective data, i.e. probabilities of occurrence. Constrained Probabilistic Load Flow (CPLF) has been applied succesfully to the setting of taps and reactive compensation devices, so that voltage limits at the load buses of a weak part of the Hellenic power system with various degrees of wind power penetration are satisfied.Power system stabilityDFIG wind turbine models have been developed that are suitable for including in large power system transient stability programs. A control strategy of the STATCOM and dynamic breaking resistors (DBR) for enhancement of the stability of the wind farm has been investigated. Liapunov抯stabilitycriterion was successfully used for the control of the DBR. Simulation results show that the STATCOM makes a major contribution to stability improvement of the wind farm. The DBR could not significantly increase critical clearing time of the wind farm without the STATCOM. The DBR may be used together with the STATCOM for minor additional stability enhancement of the wind farm.Stability problems caused by distributed generation (DG) and renewable energy sources (RES) were investigated. Under a classification of transient stability based on time scale and driving force, frequency stability and voltage stability are characterised after which appropriate models of conventional units and distributed generation components to be used for each type of stability problems are established. The models constitute a library developed in Simulink/MATLAB at National Technical University of Athens (NTUA). This library can be used for simulation of small interconnected or autonomous Power Systems and assessment of the frequency and voltage stability problems. Some studies were performed on a weak part of the Hellenic Interconnected Power System with significant wind penetration on the distribution side of the system focusing on the wind farm contribution to the detected instability mechanism. In addition, Voltage Security Assessment (VSA) is performed by analyzing the system response under a critical double contingency. A hybrid autonomous system where the load is supplied by a diesel unit, a hydro plant and a wind farm is also presented.Grid Impact of different technologies of wind turbine generator systemsThe impact of the grid connection of wind farms for different wind turbine generator (WTG) technologies is described, mainly from the point of view of the dynamic behaviour. Squirrel cage induction, induction WTG with dynamic slip control, doubly fed induction WTGs, and synchronous WTGs connected to the grid through power electronics converters technologies are considered. Their performances are compared for different types of disturbances such as: voltage dips, frequency variations, changes in wind power and three phase short-circuits. The simulations have been performed with the EUROSTAG software on 3 real distribution networks in France. The results confirm that synchronous WTGs with power electronics show more control capabilities than doublyfed WTGs, which in turn show more control capabilities than WTGs with dynamic slip control and squirrel cage induction WTGs. These control capabilities enable improvement of dynamic behaviour and hence the grid integration of the WFs. The dynamic behaviour depends on the precise characteristics of WTG system and the performance assessment of a given WTG will require a careful analysis taking into account electric parameters of the machine such as precise values of the inertia constant, protection settings, rated power of the power electronics, and their control system, possibly the resistances that could be used to dissipate the power during voltage dips and use of a fast pitchcontrol.Simulation of the dynamic behaviour of wind turbine generator systems in the medium time scale (0- 60 s)The contribution of DG, especially wind turbines, to stabilisation of the grid frequency and the negative effects of DG on grid stability due to wind power fluctuations as well as the best wind turbine concepts and control strategies for grid stabilisation have been investigated using MATLABSimulink. For the sake of simplicity the analyses carried were limited to isolated networks. Within the medium-term range defined as the time interval between 0 and 60 seconds system stability is dominated by frequency control. The Wind Turbine in full load operation has much more influence on the frequency behaviour than in part load operation. The network frequency, however, shows no lasting control deviations caused by the primary control. Preliminary results indicate that it is possible in principle for a Wind Turbine to support the network. However, the realisation of the proposed method of frequency control through the generator-inverter system requires further research, especially with regard to its realisation and suitability in practice.(ii) Control and communication strategies and interfaces for renewable generators and storage plantGeneration control of small electrical machinesSuitable grid supporting / stabilising control possibilities as well as operational control strategies generator systems have been analysed and new grid stabilisation features for rotating three-phase AC Wind Turbine Generator and CHP plants with rated capacities between 5 and 2000 kW have been proposed. Due to the fact, that wind energy is an intermittent power source, the infeed of wind power plants is strongly related to the meteorological conditions at the site of the installation (wind speed). In contrast to conventional power plants, these plants normally feed the maximum available power into the grid without consideration of the state of the grid and up to now, small and medium sized wind plants, which are connected to LV or MV grids, could not be used for setting-up or stabilising the grid voltage and frequency or for system management, by means of adjustable active and reactive power supply. Due to their capability of fast adjustable active power supply co-generation plants are particularly suitable for compensating the fluctuating outputs of wind power plants. This feature is important as the newly developed grid supporting and grid stabilising measures for large windpower plants (new German utility guidelines) are also applied to small wind turbines, in combination with complementary distributed power plants, such as co-generation power plants. The grid stabilising and island grid setting-up features of decentralised small power plants will improve substantially.Development and simulation of algorithms for the control of speed variable generators (limiting adaptive droop)Variable speed generators enable good efficiency over a wide power range. This results from the variable speed operation of the combustion engine with its rotational speed adapted to the required power - heat or electricity. Due to the speed variability it is necessary to couple such generator sets via inverters to the grids, which generally have an almost fixed frequency. The variable speed operation results in lower fuel consumption, lower sound emission, and reduced exhaust gas emission as well as less wear resulting in an increased life expectancy. However just setting the rotational speed of variable speed generators according to the power demand does not allow their effective integration into a modular, distributed supply system. An effective integration would require automatic power sharing. In the work undertaken a variable frequency island grid is assumed with the following requirements: a) power limitation according to the rotational speed of the combustion engine in order to avoid overloading b) dynamic adaptation of output power to the average load (smooth load following operation) and c) ensuring the synchronism of the inverter with the supply system. In order to fulfill these requirements, the implementation of a limiting and adaptive droop for the control of the grid coupling inverter is implemented. The principle function and effectiveness of the limiting adaptable droops is proven by simulation using ATP-EMTP.Large-scale integration of PVCompared with all renewable forms of energy the long term potential for production of electrical energy out of photovoltaic systems is the highest. On the other hand their actual contribution to the worldwide energy supply is still insignificant. Even with an annual growth of approximately 30%, as it was in the last ten years, it will take more than another ten years to attain substantial levels. The development of the Sunny Central inverter product line represents a further step towards the largescale integration of photovoltaic energy systems. A detailed description of the approach of a modular concept that made it possible to develop a broad range of inverters in a relatively short time is presented. Customers can select the inverter according to individual needs at a low specific price (approximately 0,25€ / W).Battery inverterInvestigations have been carried out on arrays of batteries and inverters (AC-batteries) which offer a high potential in smoothing power fluctuations caused by intermittent RE sources (e.g. wind power and photovoltaic). A new family of battery inverters has been developed and successfully applied. The power range of the inverter family varies from 80kVA up to 500kVA.An investigation was carried out on various electrochemical energy storage systems. Each technology was evaluated according to characteristics such as energy and power density, cycle life, temperature dependence, safety and cost for short-term applications. The investigation showed that lead acid batteries are the most appropriate due to features such as low cost, maturity and availability. Nickel cadmium technology follows, characterised by higher cost and toxicity than lead acid technology.Wind prediction modelsWind prediction models have been examined with regard to their potential to reduce the battery capacity used for energy supply with a certain security level. Different model approaches have been constructed to obtain tools for the estimation of a reasonable battery size in storage systems for wind turbines. The objective is to estimate a mean battery size from the mean energy deficit and the mean energy surplus and furthermore a battery size from the frequency distribution of the prediction error. The battery size estimated from the frequency distribution has the advantage that additional information is provided regarding the uncertainty of the estimated size.Three kinds of prediction models have been investigated, namely linear regression, neural networks and nearest neighbour search. They use a global optimisation algorithm to get the optimal time delay vectors using as input data for the neural network and the nearest neighbour search, to check if this optimisation leads to better results than a manual choice of the input data. Calculations show that the best prediction model outperforms a plain persistence assumption in the range of 10% up to 17%. Allowing an uncertainty of 5% (or a security level of at least 95%) for the estimation of the battery size, the advantage of an advanced prediction model is that the battery capacity can be decreased by 18% to 21% in comparison to the prediction by the persistence assumption.Fuel Cell and ElectrolyserThe case of adding a Fuel Cell (FC) and an Electrolyser (ELY) creating a system that offers a high potential for long and intermediate energy storage was examined. Existing systems that integrate fuel cells and electrolysers for energy storage purposes (such as SWB, 370 kWp; PHOEBUS, kWp and PVFC-SYS, 3.6 kWp) have proved the high potential for energy storage with energy efficiencies that may reach 65 % (electrical energy recuperated via the fuel cell with respect to the electrical energy supplied to the electrolyser). In practice this efficiency ranges from 32 to 48 % depending the project. Efficiencies of 65 % can be reached by lowering the intrinsic consumption of both the electrolyser system (mainly electrovalves) and the fuel cell system (mainly the air blower, the cooling pump and eventually a recirculation pump). Power fluctuations are very well accepted by both the fuel cell systems and the electrolyser system, however for ultra rapid power fluctuations, a small battery pack remains necessary. Concerning the pure oxygen generated during the electrolysis, the PVFC-SYS project showed that its use in the fuel cell does not lead to significant advantages. On the contrary, it even lowers the performance due to a necessary on line oxygen measurement system that consumes a part of the oxygen and an equal amount of hydrogen needs to be purged in order to keep the system balanced. Other drawbacks are the extra investment cost for the oxygen storage and the severe safety regulations concerning storage and handling of this pure gas. However, this generated oxygen might be utilised in nearby installations such as oxy-reforming units (for hydrogen production with facilitated CO2 capture) or other oxygen consuming industries.Simulations to assess the performance of a distributed load control system for ensuring zero power export to the grid were carried out for a 22kW wind turbine. The results of the simulations showed that the load control system was able to ensure close to zero power export to the grid. On some occasions, a small amount of the power output was exported to the grid, however the amount exported was negligible and the period of time during which the power was exported was extremely short.A torque-based simulation of the autonomous power system on the Island of Rum (prime power source 30kW hydro) was used to investigate the potential of distributed governing load controllers for providing frequency regulation on this autonomous power system. This model included a representation of self-tuning behaviour, which had improved the frequency control during site testing. The frequency was well controlled in steady state conditions, so a power based model was then created. This model was used to investigate the effect of adding communications to the power system on the Island of Rum. Results suggested that central coordination of intelligent load shedding devices could increase the value of the energy available to users of the power system.(iv) Advanced Communications and MeteringIn a grid with high levels of penetration of distributed resources, with many partners, the importance of communication can hardly be overestimated. A specification of functional requirements has been developed for the purpose specifying terms for establishment and operation of a system for transfer of data between the controller system in a DG and a remote supervisory and/or control center. The specification is intended as guidance during procurement of communication solutions for small generating units. Several initiatives for the standardisation in communications of Distributed Resources are in progress. The driving force behind the standardisation in communications is to effectively and efficiently perform seamless device data integration and sharing information based on a rich, fine-grained data-stream about the state of the power system at any given instant.Measurement and power line communication modules as an extension to the rapid prototyping platform have been developed. A setup performing a single-phase harmonic measurement conforming to the IEC 61000-4-7 standard shows an advanced metering application of the platform. The ability for remote operation of a plant is shown with a remote active filter application, where both measurement and communication are combined. Finally, a distributed control layer is presented that is used for the implementation of intelligent, fault-tolerant cooperation of distributed generators. Through some application examples, it is shown that the hardware setup is ideally suited to implement and test advanced metering and communicationapplications. This work is complemented by a report on 揑nventory of Relevant ICT Technologies?reviewing all the communication technologies relevant for transferring information between the provider of electricity and the final customer. These technologies could be directly applicable to the communication between DGs and a remote supervisory centre.(v) Improving Power Quality in LV GridsChanging customer requirements mean power quality is an increasingly important aspect of the supply of electrical energy. The expansion of new and renewable energy sources as small generators connected to low voltage grids presents both threats and opportunities to power quality on those grids. As part of the DISPOWER project, the work reported here has investigated the effectiveness of various options in improving power quality in low voltage distribution networks.An assessment has been undertaken of the options for improving power quality in low voltage distribution networks with distributed generation, energy storage and power quality control devices. This assessment is of great value and relevance as the installation of small-scale new and renewable energy sources accelerates across Europe, while consumers continue to demand ever-higher standards of power quality. Within the DISPOWER project, this work informed the development of the Power Operation and Power Quality Management System (PoMS). In particular, the prioritisation of power quality phenomena and the identification of the mitigation options with greatest potential will be applied in the development of strategies for reacting to power quality disturbances in low voltage grids.WP 02: Power quality and safetyAccording to these objectives the research carried out in Work Package2 can be structured into the following four main areas:1. Activities on DG standardisation aiming at an improvement of the framework for DG which are carried out within Task2.12. The second research area focuses on safety relevant issues and solutions for protection, specifically islanding problems, over-currentprotection, DC-components related, harmonics and transient issues and comprises Task 2.2 to 2.53. New approaches for an improvement of the power quality by distributed inverters are developed in Task 2.64. Additionally in Task 2.7 LV network structures were classified in order to understand which type of electrical networks will be able to includedistributed generation and at generating guidelines for future LV grid analysis and development.In summary the main outcomes of the work carried out within the seven tasks of the Work Package include the following key results:∙National reports on DG interconnection provide stakeholders with a detailed view of the background and technical interconnection practises in European countries.∙Fundamental recommendations for future standardisation activities provide standardisation bodies and other stakeholders with guidelines for developing DG segment specific requirements that can pave the way for a future mass market and optimal integration of DG.∙Design and application guidelines for islanding protection in DG installations support project planners and equipment manufacturers to achieve optimal, safety, security and performance in DG installations.∙Recommendations for adequate protection requirements in DG codes help to make use of the added values DG can provide for network security.∙Basic recommendations on specific DG issues such as DC injection, ride through provide stakeholders with fundamental background required to develop DG specific∙Design guidelines for DG equipment, laboratory testing systems and innovative solutions support manufacturers during the development of new products which can fulfil the requirements of future DG networks.∙New solutions for improved power quality by distributed inverters provide the basis for the development of new innovative DG inverters for the optimisation of the power quality in DG networks.Accordingly the main results of the research activities in Work Package2 are targeted to stakeholders in standardisation groups, network operators, manufacturers and finally decision makers. The main aim is to support these groups with scientific basics in the areas of DG interconnection, protection design, device and equipment design and new solutions for increased power quality and safety in future high penetration DG networks. Furthermore recommendations dedicated to future DG standardisation support the further, streamlined integration of DG into the distribution systems.WP 03: Socio-economic issuesAnother topic of research was to find a balance for the electric energy supply between local produced power and consumption in a settlement for preferably long periods of time. To integrate the PV production in the supply concept optimal an incentive structure has been developed that motivates inhabitants of the settlement for the direct use of PV power. This incentive mechanism was tested in the project 揥ashing with the sun? In the project it was investigated which kind of communication and which incentives can facilitate a time ideal utilisation of the available solar power. From the practical experiments it could clearly be seen that the incentive system had an effect on the washing behavior.WP 04: Planning, training and operation tools for regional supply systemsTask 4.1 Improvement of grid planning tools for distributed generation was split in two subtasks 4.1a and 4.1b covering respectively the improvement of EUROSTAG dynamic stability assessment software with wind turbine generator models, and the definition of guidelines for application of Geographical Information System for distributed generation planning.Task 4.2 Development of a Wind energy grid integration tool permitted the delivery of a new wind energy grid integration module named eGrid in the WindPRO software, one of the leading software tools for planning and design of wind farms. eGrid is bringing advanced electrical modelling capability to this software for a secure planning of wind farms grid connection.Task 4.3 SCADA system for distributed generation and controllable loads implemented an interface between a SCADA product from the industry (AREVA e-terracontrol software) and advanced planification and stability applications dedicated to renewable energy production (MORE-CARE). A prototype using a simulator has been implemented taking the configuration and data of the Crete island electrical system. The interfaces have also been implemented between AREVA e-terra Resource Scheduling & Commitment software and ISET wind forecasting tool.Task 4.4 Operator training simulator for distributed generation implemented the addition of new models of distributed generation such asPhotovoltaics, Microgas Turbines, Fuel Cells, Wind Turbines and Parks, Diesel Generators and Storage Systems to an existing professional Operator Training Simulator (OTS) from DUtrain, University of Duisburg.WP 05: Information, communication and electricity tradingThe work package has elaborated and developed a new internet-based information system for energy management in decentralised generation systems for standardised and unified exchange of all needed information and data between the actors in the RES+DG generation and trading sector. The work package structure comprises the definition of appropriate data models for the information system (5.1), the creation of the appropriate database (5.2), research and development in the field of the most prominent service DG power prediction (5.3), the creation of the services (5.4), together with development of contract structures (5.5).At the end of the project, the work of the Work Package 5 has focused on the development and validation of a number of applications (task 5.4) to be plugged to the database created in the Task 5.2. In addition, a seamless work on the database management, operation and improvement has also been performed until the end of the project.WP 06: Test facilities for grid stability and controlA laboratory grid with distributed generation units was realised in the Design Centre for Modular Supply Systems (DeMoTec) of ISET and University Kassel, Germany. According to ISET抯core competence in the field of inverter technologies a special focus of the laboratory was put on inverter coupled generators that have been setup beside conventional, rotating generators. The laboratory environment enables tests concerning DER grid integration focussing on grid control, local generator control, power and communication interfaces. A primary role of the hardware environment is to assure the performance and safety of DER equipment and later on help to develop standards. Furthermore the laboratory serves as demonstration and training facility.Fuel Cell Systems: The Dispower subtask WP 6.2a comprises the combination of natural gas steam reformer, fuel cell stack and DC/AC converter to an experimental fuel cell system as a base for design optimisation, parameterisation and development of control strategies for a residential power supply operating parallel to the public AC grid.Within this task the selection, characterization and composition of the particular components installed and tested in the Duisburg part of WP 6.2a was performed as well as a detailed measurement of the complete system. Furthermore a Matlab/Simulink?based simulation model of the complete plant was developed.Fuel Cell / Electrolyser Combinations for long term storage: Hybrid systems based on the synergy between renewable energy sources and conventional energy systems (mostlyPV/diesel systems) are known to be a reliable solution for the electricity supply of remote sites. The purpose of the work is to optimise the operation of the following solution:∙Replacement of the conventional power unit by a PEM fuel cell, keeping the system reliability of supply at the same level while decreasing the environmental impact of the whole system.∙Introduction of an electrolyser, powered by the PV generator, to produce the fuel for the PEMFC.∙Gas (H2 and O2) storage that can be sized for seasonal operation thus increasing the performance ratio of the PV part.∙No battery for energy storage (the weakest point of PV systems).The theoretical and especially experimental study of the test bench can indicate the different ways of improvement of the PV-FC systems. The most essential point concerns the intrinsic consumption of all components, especially the electrochemical components and the PMU.Variable Speed Generator Kirsch 16kW / 22kVA diesel genset: The report describes the extensive tests which have been carried on a variable speed diesel generator set in the DeMoTec hall of ISET. The concept of variable speed diesel generator set is very innovative, compared with a classical fixed speed diesel power unit. The variable speed diesel generator set includes four main power components: a standard diesel motor; a permanent magnet generator; a rectifier; and an inverter. The objective was to test several features of a 22 kVA variable speed diesel generator set.。
STATCOM在电弧炉补偿中的控制策略及仿真分析(1)
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滞环电流控制 使用滞环电流控制是降低 STATCOM 输出电流
谐波含量的一种有效方法。 滞环电流控制中， 开关 器件根据连续检测 STATCOM 电流与参考正弦电流 的差异而进行快速切换， 其开关信号通过比较电流 误差信号与固定滞环宽度获得。 滞环电流控制器 结构简单，鲁棒性好， 但普通的滞环电流控制器的 开关频率在很大程度上依赖逆变器输出电流和交 流侧电压的变化，存在滞环宽度设置困难及逆变器 的保护实现困难
图3 I 特性曲线分段线性化模型 电弧炉 V-
从实际负荷电流中取得， 而未计及电压。 因此， 参 考信号的产生不受电压不平衡或电压失真的影响 ， 从而增强了补偿系统的鲁棒性。
电弧炉熔炼过程分为三个阶段 （ 图 2 ） ： 第一阶 段是燃弧过程， 电压沿曲线弧 BOD 从灭弧电压 － v ex
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。这些模型在一定程度上反映电弧炉负荷的
特点， 但与实际电弧炉负荷仍存在较大差别 ， 难以 全面展现电弧炉负荷给系统带来的电能质量问题 。 I 特征曲线为基础， 现以电弧炉 V通过对其进行分 段线性化逼近来近似产生时域模型 。图 2 为电弧炉 I 特性曲线及其分段线性逼近曲线。 燃弧电 实际 V压 v ig 和灭弧电压 v ex 由电弧炉操作产生的弧长决定。
图 13 有 STATCOM 条件下无功功率
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逼近的方法建立了其数学模型， 并对所提出的控制 验证了其正确性和有 方法及模型进行了仿真研究， 效性。结果表明系统具有结构简单、 鲁棒性强， 达 到了改善电能质量的效果。
谐波治理的研究进展
１６６／２００７收稿日期：２００７－０８－１４作者简介：罗邵屏（１９６５－），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为智能控制及电力系统自动化。
谐波治理的研究进展罗邵屏１，２，罗安２，汤赐２，吴传平２（１．邵阳学院信息与电气工程系，湖南邵阳４２２０００，２．湖南大学电气与信息工程学院，湖南长沙４１００８２）摘 要：随着电力电子装置的广泛应用，电力系统的谐波污染日益严重。
传统的谐波抑制与无功补偿方法是采用基于谐振原理的无源滤波器，但这样只能滤除设定次数的谐波，且易与电网产生串、并联谐振 。
而有源滤波器由于具有高度可控性和快速响应性，能对频率和幅值都变化的谐波进行跟踪补偿，因而受到广泛的重视，成为目前国内外供电系统谐波抑制研究的热点。
探讨了谐波治理的主要措施，介绍了有源滤波器研究的国内外现状，最后展望了有源滤波器研究的未来方向。
关键词：谐波抑制； 无功补偿； 无源滤波器； 有源滤波器中图分类号：ＴＮ７１３＋．８ 文献标识码：Ａ 文章编号：１６７１－８４１０（２００７）０６－００１６－０８Study on Development of Harmonic EliminationＬＵＯ Ｓｈａｏ－ｐｉｎｇ１ ， ２， ＬＵＯ Ａｎ ２， ＴＡＮＧ Ｃｉ ２， ＷＵ Ｃｈｕａｎ－ｐｉｎｇ ２(1.Department of Information and Electrical, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China;2.College of Electrical and Information engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China)Abstract: With the development of power electronical equipment,harmonic pollution of power system is more and more serious traditionalmethod for harmonic elimination and reactive power compensation is the LC power filter based on resonance principle, but this method can only eliminate the specified order harmonic, and probably cause parallel or series resonance with the power system. Due to the high controlling and quick response, active power filter has been paid more attention for eliminating harmonic with magnitude and phase varying. This paper discusses the main approaches for harmonic damping, proposes the study development of active power filter, and gives some forecasting on the study of active power filter.Key words: harmonic elimination; inactive power compensation; passive power filter; active power filter综述・评论０前言电能是现代社会生产和人民生活中不可或缺的主要能源，随着社会的发展和科技的进步，尤其是电力电子装置的广泛应用，一方面电力系统中的谐波污染随着非线性负载数量和容量的增加而日趋严重；另一方面供电方及电力系统设备、用户和用电器对电能质量的要求也日益提高。
电力电子技术在智能电网中的应用英文
第33卷第15期电网技术V ol. 33 No. 15 2009年8月Power System Technology Aug. 2009 文章编号：1000-3673（2009）15-0001-06 中图分类号：TM7；TM1 文献标志码：A 学科代码：470·4031电力电子技术在智能电网中的应用荆平1，郭剑波2，赵波1，周飞1，王志冰3（1．中国电力科学研究院，北京市海淀区 100192；2．国家电网公司，北京市西城区 100031；3．上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院，上海市闵行区 200240）Applications of Power Electronic Technologies in Smart GridJING Ping1，GUO Jian-bo2，ZHAO Bo1，ZHOU Fei1，WANG Zhi-bing3（1．China Electric Power Research Institute，Haidian District，Beijing 100192，China；2．State Grid Corporation of China，Xicheng District，Beijing 100031，China；3．School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering，Shanghai Jiao Tong University，Minhang District，Shanghai 200240，China）ABSTRACT: The strong smart grid not only places a high demand on security, stability and economy of power system, but also requires flexibility and controllability beyond their current levels. Power electronic technologies, represented by flexible transmission technology, custom power technology and energy storage technology, are the important supporting technologies for strong smart grid. This paper presents a solution approach based on power electronic technologies. During the future construction of smart grid, this solution can optimize operating conditions of transmission networks, expand operation control technologies of power grid, and guarantee security, stability and economy of power system. Up to now, key technologies of this solution have already been applied in some projects, which verifies its feasibility and effectiveness.KEY WORDS: power electronic technology；smart grid；flexible transmission technology；custom power technology；energy storage technology摘要：坚强智能电网不仅对电网的安全、稳定和经济运行水平提出很高的要求，而且需要电网具有超越现有水平的灵活性和可控性。
风电场无功补偿容量配置及优化运行
风电场无功补偿容量配置及优化运行张永武;孙爱民;张源超;李玉志;林勇;吴金玉;李达【摘要】通过电力系统仿真软件对同等规模下的异步、双馈和永磁三种类型发电机所组成的风电场建模,并分析了不同类型的风电场在不同出力水平以及并网点不同电压水平下的无功需求,以及风电场在运行时的动态无功特性.根据无功特性分析结果,制定了风电场的静态和动态无功补偿的容量配置和优化配合运行方法,并分析了风电场无功补偿效果.%Use the power system simulation software to model the three types of wind farm in the same size, which are asynchronous wind farm, double-fed wind farm and permanent magnet wind farm. This paper analyzes the reactive power demand of wind farm with the different active power output and different voltage level for the point of interconnection, and studies the dynamic reactive power of wind farm. Based on the reactive characteristics of wind farm,this paper gives the capacity configuration method for static and dynamic reactive power compensation in wind farm, and analyzes the effect of reactive power compensation.【期刊名称】《电力系统及其自动化学报》【年(卷),期】2011(023)006【总页数】7页(P150-156)【关键词】风电场;无功补偿;容量配置;优化运行【作者】张永武;孙爱民;张源超;李玉志;林勇;吴金玉;李达【作者单位】山东电力集团公司潍坊供电公司,潍坊261021;山东电力集团公司潍坊供电公司,潍坊261021;天津天大求实电力新技术股份有限公司,天津300384;山东电力集团公司潍坊供电公司,潍坊261021;山东电力集团公司潍坊供电公司,潍坊261021;山东电力集团公司潍坊供电公司,潍坊261021;天津天大求实电力新技术股份有限公司,天津300384【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TM744随着石油、煤矿等常规能源的加速减少，世界正面临着能源枯竭的危机。
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外文文献翻译
外文原文：Transmission Capacity of Grid-Connecting Channel for the Second Phase of 3 GW Jiuquan Wind Power Base Project and Configuration of Its Reactive Power Compensation Equipments1 INTRODUCTIONWind power is the most mature and economic benefit is one of the best renewable energy generation technology.Wind power has the characteristics of intermittent and randomness, volatility, which determine the big changes in the wind power output is likely to make the power system voltage stability and frequency stability..With the rapid development of wind power generation technology and the national policy on renewable energy power generation, wind power construction in China has entered a rapid development period.Wind resources in China is rich, but is suitable for large-scale development of wind power in the region are generally in the end of the grid, because the power grid structure is relatively weak, therefore may arise after the large-scale wind power connected to the electricity grid power grid voltage levels drop, line transmission power beyond thermal stability limit the system short circuit capacity increase and the system transient stability change such as a series of problems。
基于改进下垂控制的微电网运行控制研究
基于改进下垂控制的微电网运行控制研究陈丽娟;王致杰【摘要】In the micro-grid, the output reactive power of distributed generations which adopt droop control strategy couldn’t be arranged in average, because of their line impedance differences, the different output voltage amplitude and complex structure of micro grid and other factors. These could lead to reactive circulating current in distributed generations. To solve the problem, this paper proposes an improved droop control strategy. It adds the voltage drop of line, voltage amplitude feedback as an compensation amount of reactive power droop control in the traditional power droop control in order to effectively track the changes of micro-grid voltage and improve the status of the different voltage amplitude. It establishes the micro-grid simulation model in Matlab/Simulink. And the simulation results show that the improved droop control can greatly improve the distribution accuracy of reactive power sharing and enhance the stability of the micro-grid system.%微电网中，采用下垂控制的微电源，线路阻抗差异、输出电压幅值不等以及微电网复杂结构等因素均会导致微电源输出无功功率不能达到均分的效果，使微电源间出现无功环流。
微电网系统中谐波和无功补偿问题的研究
学校代号10731 学号092081103001分类号TM761 密级公开硕士学位论文微电网系统中谐波和无功补偿问题的研究学位申请人姓名张磊培养单位电气工程与信息工程学院导师姓名及职称党存禄教授学科专业系统工程研究方向电力系统谐波和无功补偿论文提交日期学校代号：10731学号：092081103001密级：公开兰州理工大学硕士学位论文微电网系统中谐波和无功补偿问题的研究学位申请人姓名：张磊导师姓名及职称：党存禄教授培养单位：电气工程与信息工程学院专业名称：系统工程论文提交日期：论文答辩日期：答辩委员会主席：Research on the Problem of the Harmonic and Reactive Power Compensation in the Micro-grid SystembyZHANG LeiB.E.( Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management) 2008A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of theRequirements for the degree ofMaster of EngineeringinPower Electronics & Power Drivesin theGraduate SchoolofLanzhou University of TechnologyProfessor Dang CunluMay, 2012兰州理工大学学位论文原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。
除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。
对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。
本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。
基于软件优化的D-STATCOM新型控制策略
基于软件优化的D-STATCOM新型控制策略常鲜戎;王辉云;郭一杰;杨永华【摘要】控制延时会导致配电网静止同步补偿器(D-STATCOM)对谐波抑制和无功补偿的精度降低。
为改善传统控制策略滞后时间长、补偿效果差的缺点，提出了一种基于软件优化的新型控制策略。
通过对D-STATCOM补偿指令电流的特性进行分析，对软件流程进行相应调整，缩短了谐波和无功补偿指令电流的计算延时，使补偿滞后大大减少，谐波抑制和无功补偿的精度得到明显提高。
该策略无需复杂算法，实现简单、有效。
在Matlab/Simulink环境中进行了仿真分析，并且研制了一台容量为10 kVA的三相四线制D-STATCOM实验样机进行验证，结果证明了新型控制策略的正确性和可行性。
%Control delay significantly affects the performance of distribution static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) in harmonic suppression and reactive power compensation. To overcome the drawback of the conventional control method, which has long compensation delay and low compensation accuracy, a novel control strategy based on software optimization is proposed. Software flow is adjusted based on the analysis of the reference compensation currents. It shortens the calculation delay of harmonics and reactive power compensation reference current, so compensation delay occurs less and compensation accuracy of harmonic suppression and reactive power compensation is improved. Results obtained by D-STATCOM simulations system built in Matlab/Simulink and prototype experiment of a 10 kVA three-phase four-wire D-STATCOM show the validity and feasibility of the proposed strategy.【期刊名称】《电力系统保护与控制》【年(卷),期】2014(000)004【总页数】5页(P117-121)【关键词】配电网静止同步补偿器;软件优化;补偿滞后;谐波抑制;无功补偿【作者】常鲜戎;王辉云;郭一杰;杨永华【作者单位】新能源电力系统国家重点实验室，华北电力大学，河北保定071003;新能源电力系统国家重点实验室，华北电力大学，河北保定 071003;新疆电力公司乌鲁木齐电业局，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;佛山市发电厂，广东佛山528000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TM76配电网静止同步补偿器(D-STATCOM)是一种用于动态补偿无功，抑制谐波和三相不平衡的新型电力电子装置，是目前电能质量控制领域内的研究热点[1-4]。