2011年暨南大学考研真题807阅读与写作硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
暨南大学_管理运筹学2011--2015年_考研真题／硕士研究生入学考试试题
1. 2. 3. 4.
试述“彼得现象”及其启示？ 什么是“社会责任”？区分社会责任、社会义务和社会反应。 目标管理的基本思想？经过哪些过程？ 组织设计者应如何提高组织对环境的应变性？
四、案例分析（1题×25分，共25分）
如果你到中国的约800家麦当劳餐厅中的一家就餐，就会发现菜单上有了新的 品种：米汉堡。它去年在中国台湾一经推出，立即大获成功，在去年的销售额增长中 占了6%，后来逐渐推广到中国香港、新加坡、菲律宾、马来西亚等地。 对于一个在118个国家开了连锁店的快餐公司来说，除了供应汉堡、薯条等核心 餐品外，提供符合当地口味的食品，这并不新鲜。1971年，麦当劳在荷兰开设欧洲第 一家连锁店时，菜单上就有荷兰传统食品。它在日本的连锁店供应日式猪肉汉堡， 在葡萄牙推出四种汤，还计划在澳大利亚推出意大利面食。 也有人担心：麦当劳餐品的日益本地化可能冲击它的美国品牌餐品的销售。他 们说：“通过推出当地食品，麦当劳实际上削弱了其品牌的价值。如果它提供的当地 食品不如当地制作的同类产品，那会是一种损害。” 但麦当劳公司认为，麦当劳是以自己带到世界各地的核心餐品为坚实基础的， 但同样需要确保公司贴近当地人们的口味和需求。公司同时保持全球性和地方性是 有可能的。“大多数消费者经常在市场的摊点买快餐，这是我们面临的竞争，同时也 是未挖掘的潜力。”“在我们进入每个国家，我们都是当地企业，要有当地的特点。” 问题： 1) 麦当劳公司认为同时保持全球性和地方性是有可能的，你赞同这个观点吗？ 2) 你觉得这个事例同权变管理的观点有无联系，能做分析吗？ 第二部分：运筹学部分
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
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第一部分：管理学部分 一、选择题（10题×2分，共20分，有一个或一个以上的正确答案） 1. 假如管理者认为解雇工厂中20%的工人是正当的，因为这增强工厂的盈利能力 ，使余下的80%的工人工作更有保障，并且符合股东的利益，那么这位管理者接 受的道德观是（ ）。 A、 综合观 B、 公平观 C、 权力观 D、 功利观 2. 根据双因素理论，下列选项中属于激励因素的有（ ）。 A、 成就 B、 地位 C、 责任 D、 承认 3. 在国际化经营的高速发展阶段，（ ）成为企业国际化经营的主导方式。 A、 进出口贸易 B、 国际间接投资 C、 对外直接投资 D、 非股权安排 4. 如果组织面对的是垄断程度较高的市场，那么下列通常不是其决策重点的是（ ）。 A、 如何改善生产条件 B、 如何完善营销网络 C、 如何扩大生产规模 D、 如何降低生产成本 5. 为了保证纠偏措施的针对性和有效性，必须在制定和实施纠偏措施的过程中注 意（ ）。 A、 找出偏差产生的主要原因 B、 确定纠偏措施的实施对象 C、 消除人们对纠偏措施的疑惑 D、 选择恰当得纠偏措施 6. 在经营计划调整方法中，（ ）适用于品种比较稳定的情况下生产计划和销售计划的调整。 A、 滚动计划法 B、 启用备用计划法 C、 时间序列分析法 D、 综合评价法 7. 下列力量中（ ）不属于领导情景论。 A、 权变理论 B、 路径-目标理论 C、 领导生命周期理论 D、 管理方格论 8. 具有不同OLI优势的企业，所采取的国际化经营方式会存在差异，下面（ ）优势是非股权安排经营方式必须具备的。 A、 所有权优势 B、 内部化优势 C、 区位优势 D、 外部化优势 9. 在集体决策中，如果大家对问题的性质了解程度有很大差异，或意见有较大分 歧，直接开会讨论效果并不好时，可采取（ ）。 A、 德尔菲法 B、 名义小组技术 C、 头脑风暴法 D、 哥顿法 10. 作为工业企业的主要组织形式，层级结构曾表现出的主要特征有（ ）。 A、 直线指挥，分层授权 B、 分工细致，权责明确 C、 层级分明，结构统一 D、 标准统一，关系正式
2011年暨南大学803西方经济学 考研真题及答案
暨南大学803西方经济学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题2011年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题学科、专业名称：理论经济学各专业、应用经济学各专业考试科目名称：803西方经济学考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
一、简答题（共6题，每题10分，共60分）1．内生经济增长模型与新古典增长模型有何不同？2．简要说明在固定汇率制度和资本自由流动的情况下，一国货币政策的效果如何？3．简述2010年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者莫藤森的主要理论贡献。
4．价格变动的两重效应分别是什么？以正常商品为例，作图说明替代效应和收入效应。
5．有人说，气候不好对农民不利，因为农业要歉收。
但有人说，气候不好对农民有利，因为农业歉收以后谷物要涨价，收入会增加。
对这两种议论你有何评价？6．为什么完全竞争的市场机制可以导致帕累托最优状态？二、计算题（共2题，每题15分，共30分）7．一垄断企业能以常数平均成本和边际成本生产，AC=MC=5，厂商面临的市场需求为Q=53-P。
试求：（1）该垄断厂商利润最大化时的产量、价格和利润。
（2）如果市场产量由两家厂商提供，即Q=Q1+Q2，两家厂商有相同的生产成本，且这两家厂商按古诺模型进行决策，求这两家厂商的反应函数。
（3）计算古诺均衡时，两厂商的产量、利润及市场均衡价格。
8．假设某国宏观经济关系如下：消费C=90+0.9Y d，税收T=13Y，投资I=200-1000R，政府购买支出G=710，货币需求为L=Y-10000R，货币供给为m=M/P=500，物价P=1。
（1）求IS、LM曲线；（2）求均衡收入和利率；（3）如果充分就业的国民收入为Y F=2400，为了实现充分就业，分别采用增加政府支出及增加货币供给量的办法，各需要多少数额？考试科目：西方经济学共2页，第2页4.4.1 暨南大学803西方经济学 2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题解析一、简答题（60分）1、 说明内生经济增长理论和新古典经济增长理论的主要区别；【参考答案】：内生增长理论的主要任务之一是揭示经济增长率差异的原因和解释持续经济增长的可能。
2011年暨南大学828管理学及微观经济学招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
2011年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试自命题试题********************************************************************************************学科与专业名称：企业管理、会计学、旅游管理考试科目代码与名称：828管理学与微观经济学（A卷）考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
Ⅱ微观经济学部分一、选择题（每题只有一个正确答案，每题 3 分，共30 分）1.垄断厂商的边际成本曲线是MC=8，该厂商所面临的需求曲线是P=40-Q，其中P 代表价格，Q代表数量。
下面哪个产量使得该垄断厂商的利润最大：A 32B 16C 64D 722.最近纽约公交地铁系统工会组织大罢工为了争取更好的待遇（现已结束），很多经济学家在罢工还没结束时就相信劳动方（即工会）的要求将会得到一定程度的满足，经济学家的理由最有可能是以下哪一个？A 罢工会对社会带来巨大损失，劳资双方出于社会财产的关心达成妥协B 政府施加压力使得资方不得不满足劳方部分要求C 工会是劳动力供给的垄断者，它们对劳动力的价格有较强的控制能力D 工会的谈判技巧高超3．关于长期成本和短期成本的关系，以下说法那个不对：A 在任何一个产量水平上，长期总成本都小于或等于短期总成本B 在任何一个产量水平上，长期平均成本都小于或等于短期平均成本C 在任何一个产量水平上，短期平均成本都和长期平均成本相切在短期的最低点上D 存在一个短期规模，其短期平均成本和长期平均成本相切在两者的最低点上4.完全竞争行业的供给曲线向上倾斜，有人列出了三种的原因：（1）由于生产的投入资源是有限的，随着生产者数目的增加，这些投入资源的价格上涨，导致所有生产者的成本上升。
（2）行业中每个企业的边际成本是向上倾斜的（3）企业（包括潜在进入者）的成本不同。
哪个或哪些不是真正的原因？A （1）和（2）B （3）和（2）C （1）和（3）D 只有（2）5.走路口渴的武松在路边总共买了15碗酒喝。
2011年暨南大学803西方经济学考研真题详解
2011年暨南大学803西方经济学考研真题详解跨考网独家整理最全经济学考研真题资料库，您可以在这里查阅历年经济学考研真题，经济学考研资料，经济学参考书等内容，更有跨考考研历年辅导的经济学学哥学姐的经济学考研经验，从前辈中获得的经验对初学者来说是宝贵的财富，这或许能帮你少走弯路，躲开一些陷阱。
以下内容为跨考网独家整理，如您还需更多考研资料，可选择经济学一对一在线咨询进行解答。
一、简答题（共6题，每题10分，共60分）1．内生经济增长模型与新古典增长模型有何不同？【分析】在研究生入学考试中，对于内生增长理论考察不多。
但是，内生增长理论与新古典增长理论的区别是什么，内生增长理论中的“内生性”体现在什么方面，这些知识点，建议考生一定要掌握，很容易出考题。
【圣才答案】内生经济增长理论也称为新经济增长理论，是继新古典经济增长理论之后的又一经济增长理论，产生于20世纪80年代后期与90年代初期，代表人物有罗默、卢卡斯和阿罗等经济学家。
新古典经济增长理论是美国经济学家索洛提出的，产生于20世纪50年代后期与整个60年代。
内生经济增长理论和新古典经济增长理论的主要区别有以下三个：（1）假设条件不同。
新古典经济增长理论假设资本边际收益递减，而内生经济增长理论则假设资本边际收益不变。
这是内生经济增长理论和新古典经济增长理论的关键区别。
另外，新古典经济增长理论假设技术是外生的，而内生经济增长理论则认为技术和资本一样，是“内生”的。
（2）储蓄率变动对经济增长的影响不同。
在索洛模型中，储蓄引起暂时增长，但资本收益递减最终迫使经济达到稳定状态，在这一稳定状态下经济增长只取决于外生技术进步。
相反，在内生增长模型中，储蓄和投资可以导致经济持续增长。
（3）结论不同。
内生经济增长理论的结论是经济增长率是内生的，即促使经济增长的因素是模型内决定的，储蓄和投资会引起经济的长期增长。
新古典经济增长理论的结论则是经济增长取决于外生的技术进步，而储蓄只会导致经济的暂时增长，资本边际收益递减最终使经济增长只取决于外生技术进步。
2011年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1__some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2__short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5__ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930‟s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of __10__ feedback, that improve an indi vidual‟s emotional state. __11__one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted __12__ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry __13__they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also __14__ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15__ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16__ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17__ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, __19__ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [ C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, theresponse has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert‟s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today‟s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener‟s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert‟s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra‟s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America‟s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert‟s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert‟s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn‟t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession p lans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don‟t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can‟t think of a single search I‟ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven‟t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it‟s safer to stay where you are, but that‟s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who‟ve been hurt the worst are those who‟ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives‟ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it‟s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for T op PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements –still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users‟ responses. But in some cases, one marketer‟s owned media become another marketer‟s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information ab out the appeal of other companies‟ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company‟s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may cr eate “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor‟s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It‟s no surprise that Jennifer Senior‟s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly har d, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn‟t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regre ts of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn‟t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It‟s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it‟s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren‟t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarde d more bachelor‟s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly de tached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.G → 41.→42.→ E →43.→44.→45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen‟s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen con cluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don‟t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen‟s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person‟s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen‟s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves.(50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1.C 解析：语义逻辑题。
2011年暨南大学828管理学及微观经济学招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
2011年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试自命题试题********************************************************************************************学科与专业名称：企业管理、会计学、旅游管理考试科目代码与名称：828管理学与微观经济学（A卷）考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
Ⅱ微观经济学部分一、选择题（每题只有一个正确答案，每题 3 分，共30 分）1.垄断厂商的边际成本曲线是MC=8，该厂商所面临的需求曲线是P=40-Q，其中P 代表价格，Q代表数量。
下面哪个产量使得该垄断厂商的利润最大：A 32B 16C 64D 722.最近纽约公交地铁系统工会组织大罢工为了争取更好的待遇（现已结束），很多经济学家在罢工还没结束时就相信劳动方（即工会）的要求将会得到一定程度的满足，经济学家的理由最有可能是以下哪一个？A 罢工会对社会带来巨大损失，劳资双方出于社会财产的关心达成妥协B 政府施加压力使得资方不得不满足劳方部分要求C 工会是劳动力供给的垄断者，它们对劳动力的价格有较强的控制能力D 工会的谈判技巧高超3．关于长期成本和短期成本的关系，以下说法那个不对：A 在任何一个产量水平上，长期总成本都小于或等于短期总成本B 在任何一个产量水平上，长期平均成本都小于或等于短期平均成本C 在任何一个产量水平上，短期平均成本都和长期平均成本相切在短期的最低点上D 存在一个短期规模，其短期平均成本和长期平均成本相切在两者的最低点上4.完全竞争行业的供给曲线向上倾斜，有人列出了三种的原因：（1）由于生产的投入资源是有限的，随着生产者数目的增加，这些投入资源的价格上涨，导致所有生产者的成本上升。
（2）行业中每个企业的边际成本是向上倾斜的（3）企业（包括潜在进入者）的成本不同。
哪个或哪些不是真正的原因？A （1）和（2）B （3）和（2）C （1）和（3）D 只有（2）5.走路口渴的武松在路边总共买了15碗酒喝。
2011年暨南大学考研真题814普通生物学硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
考试科目： 814普通生物学
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四、论述题（任选其中两题，每题20分，共40分）
1． 现代人类活动对生物圈产生了哪些不良影响？ 2． 抗体药物是近年来世界生物制药发展最迅速的领域。其年销售额超过200多亿美元，
跃居生物药物的首位。人源性抗体药物70-80%均是通过基因工程的技术开发而成的。 请你阐述通过基因工程技术开发人源性抗体药物的基本原理及技术路线。（提示，噬 菌体可以把抗体基因展示到其表面构建噬菌体抗体库，用于筛选识别特定抗原的高亲 和力的抗体。） 3． 论述微生物对地球和人类的重要性。
研究方向：
考试科目名称：814普通生物学
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
一、名词解释（每题3分，共30分）
1． 免疫耐受（immunological tolerance）； 2． 顺式作用元件； 3． 管家基因； 4． 应激性（irritability）； 5． 内共生学说； 6． 种群（population）和群落(community)； 7． 生态位； 8． 植食现象； 9． 生物圈； 10．初级生产量
考试科目： 814普通生物学
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） 的 （ ） 。 10．达尔文在进化论方面的贡献是多方面的。最重要的是完成了两个理论突破：一个是提
出（ ），一个是提出了（ ）。
三、简答题（每题10分，共60分）
1． 生物体有哪些共同特征？ 2． 请以引起AIDS的HIV为例说明病毒的增殖过程。 3． 简述生态系统中营养级的基本概念与结构特征。 4． 简述动物的不同防御行为或防御对策。 5． 细胞膜的流动相嵌模型有什么特点？ 6． PCR技术与生物体内DNA复制有什么异同？
121头，红眼雌果蝇60头，白眼雄果蝇0头，白眼雌果蝇59头。F2代卵细胞中R和r的比 例是（ ），精子中具有R和r的比例是（ ）。 5． 植物能够吸收CO2并释放O2，被吸收的CO2 在叶绿体中首先转化成为的物质是（ ），光合作用最终形成的有机物是（ ）。 6． 抗体分子中能够与抗原特异性结合的区域称为（ ），能够激活补体，介导免疫调节 的区域称为（ ）。 7． 细胞内Na+和K+是维持细胞生理功能非常重要的离子，正常情况下（ ）离子的细胞 内浓度远低于细胞外。维持这个浓度梯度主要是（ ）不停的转运的结果。 8． 1967年生态学家R.H.Whiittaker提出的五界分类系统把细胞生物分为（ ）、（ ）、（ ）、（ ）和动物界。 9． 植物有两个输导系统，分别是负责运输 （ ）的 （ ）和负责运输 （
暨南大学管理学考研资料真题答案解析（在校研究生整理）
暨南大学管理学考研资料真题答案解析（在校研究生整理）第一篇：暨南大学管理学考研资料真题答案解析(在校研究生整理) （Ⅰ）管理学部分一、名词解释1.霍桑实验2.波士顿矩阵3.学习型组织4.全面质量管理5.矩阵型结构二、判断（略）三、论述题综合论述激励理论与领导理论，并结合实际谈谈怎样有效地领导？四、材料分析题1.五个选择（不难）2.谈谈该企业哪些地方的管理需要改进？如果你是该企业的管理人员，说说你会提出哪些建议？（Ⅱ）微观经济学部分一、选择题（共有十道）二、判断题（每题5分，判断正确得2分，回答出理由得3分，都是一些具体的例子，并不是概念性的）三、案例分析人们驾车旅行的需求与汽油价格的需求之间的关系（大概是这样，都是关于需求变动的）管理学部分：一、选择题（没记住，不过不太难）二、判断题（也比较简单）三、论述题1、设计良好目标的特征，该理论对管理工作的启示2、马斯洛需要层次理论的内容和对管理工作的启示3、在波士顿矩阵中的四个业务如何分配资源四、案例分析题（考的都是激励理论和领导理论）有个企业，他的总经理王志溯，今天开始了他的一天工作：1、工厂负责人报告说工厂的工人近期的离职率较高，原因是受‘民工荒’的影响，行业内其它企业工人的工资都上涨了，但是本企业的工人工资依旧。
2、销售部负责人来报告说近期销售人员离职的较多，并且销售人员反映公司制定的销售目标过高，使得销售部的压力非常大。
3、（没记住）4、公司的财务经理是个能力很强，并且经验丰富。
公司聘请他担任公司的财务经理，管理公司财务。
王志朔给该经理安排了一些任务，然而他发现该经理的态度比较漠然。
请根据以上资料回答以下问题：（1）、用相关理论分析工厂工人离职率高的真正原因。
（2）、用相关理论分析销售人员离职人数多的原因。
（3）、如果你是王志溯，该采取什么措施来处理这两个问题。
（4）、根据激励理论和领导理论分析王志溯应该如何处理财务经理的问题。
微观部分：一、选择题二、名词解释：1、规模经济和范围经济2、向后弯曲的劳动供给曲线3、科斯定理三、判断分析题四、计算题（古诺均衡和需求供给弹性）五、论述题：垄断存在效率损失，说明这是如何产生的。
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2011年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试自命题试题
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学科与专业名称：中国语言文学
考试科目代码与名称：807阅读与写作
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
《阅读与写作》共五题，，任选三题
任选三题，，每题50分，共150分，多选不给分。
说明：：《阅读与写作》共五题
说明
请用你熟悉的古代文学史实加以说明。
（（可宏观
可宏观，，可一、如何理解下面这段话？？请用你熟悉的古代文学史实加以说明。
一、如何理解下面这段话
亦可据此而自拟题目。
））
微观
微观，，亦可据此而自拟题目。
王国维《宋元戏曲考·自序》：“凡一代有一代之文学，楚之骚，汉之赋，六代之骈语，唐之诗，宋之词，元之曲，皆所谓一代之文学，而后世莫能继焉者也。
”
分析角度不限））
并进行分析（（分析角度不限
二、请阅读下面这篇短文，，并进行分析
二、请阅读下面这篇短文
京片子与民族自信心
我生在北京西郊大学区里。
长大以后，到美国留学，想要恭维港台来的同学，就说：你国语讲得不坏！他们也很识趣，马上恭维回来：不能和你比呀。
北京乃是文化古都，历朝历代人文荟萃，语音也是所有中国话里最高尚的一种，海外华人佩服之至。
我曾在美国华文报纸上读到一篇华裔教授的大陆游记，说到他遭服务小姐数落的情形：只听得一串京片子，又急又快，字字清楚，就想起了《老残游记》里大明湖上黑妞说书，不禁目瞪口呆，连人家说什么都没有去想——我们北京人的语音就有如此的魅力。
当然，教授愣完了，开始想那些话，就臊得老脸通红。
过去，我们北京的某些小姐(尤其是售票员)在粗话的词汇量方面，确实不亚于门头沟的老矿工——这不要紧，语音还是我们高贵。
但是，这已是昨日黄花。
今天你打开收音机或者电视机，就会听到一串＂嗯嗯啊啊＂的港台腔调。
港台人把国语讲成这样也会害臊，大陆的广播员却不知道害臊。
有一句鬼话，叫作＂那么呢＂，那么来那么去，显得很低智，但人人都说。
我不知这是从哪儿学来的，但觉得该算到港台的帐上。
再发展下去，就要学台湾小朋友，说出＂好可爱好高兴噢＂这样的鬼话。
台湾人造的新词新话，和他们的口音有关。
国语口音纯正的人学起来很难听。