四级真题讲解

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英语四级翻译真题解析与讲解

英语四级翻译真题解析与讲解

英语四级翻译真题解析与讲解英语四级翻译真题是许多大学生备考四级时必备的训练材料。

通过解析与讲解真题,我们能更好地理解和掌握翻译技巧,提高翻译能力。

本文将对英语四级翻译真题进行解析与讲解,帮助大家更好地应对这一部分。

1. 解析与讲解第一题第一题是一篇关于环境污染的文章,文章主要讲述了环境污染问题的严重性以及人们应该采取的措施。

我们首先需要理解文章的主旨,并通过阅读文章的段落来获取相关的关键词和信息。

然后,我们可以将这些信息进行合理的组织,用准确、通顺的语言进行翻译。

2. 解析与讲解第二题第二题是一段对话,对话主要讨论了学习语言的困难以及如何解决这些困难。

我们可以根据对话的内容和语境来翻译对话,并注意正确表达对话中的情感和语气。

同时,我们还可以提取对话中的关键词,找出并解决其中的翻译难点。

3. 解析与讲解第三题第三题是一篇关于科技对社会的影响的文章。

文章主要分析了科技对社会生活的各个方面产生的影响,并探讨了人们对此应该如何应对。

我们需要理解文章的大意和作者的观点,并准确表达出来。

同时,我们还可以从文章中找出例子和论据来支持我们的翻译。

4. 解析与讲解第四题第四题是一个说明文,文中介绍了一种新型的城市交通工具。

我们需要理解文中对该交通工具的描述,并准确地进行翻译。

同时,我们还可以加入一些形象生动的描写来更好地向读者传达信息。

5. 解析与讲解第五题第五题是一段新闻报道,报道了一家公司因为环境污染问题被罚款的情况。

我们需要准确地翻译新闻的内容,并注意表达新闻的客观性和客观调查的结果。

同时,我们还可以适当加入一些背景信息和相关的数据来增强文章的可读性。

通过对真题的解析与讲解,我们可以更好地理解和应对英语四级翻译考试。

通过对文章的整洁美观的排版和优美流畅的语句的运用,我们可以提高文章的专业性和可读性,使读者更好地理解和吸收文章的内容。

在翻译的过程中,我们需要注意准确表达、正确理解和合理组织信息的能力,并注重提高自己的词汇量和语法水平。

大学英语四级考试真题讲解 长江

大学英语四级考试真题讲解 长江
Translation Lecture two
• 长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。 长江流经多种不同的生态系统,是诸多濒危 物种的栖息地,灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。 长江流域(river basin)居住着中国三分之一 的人口。长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起 着很大的作用。长江三角洲(delta)产出多大 20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来,长江 一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上 还坐落着世界最大的水电站。
小飞守角制作
• 2. 长江流经多种不同的生态系统,是诸多濒危物种 的栖息地,灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。
• 汉语句子结构分析 • 长江流经多种不同的生态系统,//是诸多濒危物种的
栖息地,//灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。
• 流经:flow through / make its way forward through. • 生态系统:ecosystem • 濒危物种:endangered species • 栖息地:habitat • 灌溉:irrigate---irrigation
小飞守角制作
• 3. 长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大 的作用。
• The Yangtze river plays a significant role in the history, culture and economy of China.
小飞守角制作
• 3.长江三角洲(delta)产出多达20%的中国国民 生产总值。
小飞守角制作
• 3.长江流域(river basin)居住着中国三分之 一的人口。
• 汉语句子结构分析: • The River basin lives…? • 重新确定主语:人口 • One third of China’s population lives

2023年12月英语四级真题和答案解析第

2023年12月英语四级真题和答案解析第

2023年12月英语四级真题和答案解析第第一部分:听力理解 (共20题)1.A2.C3.B4.C5.A6.B7.A8.C9.B10.A11.C12.B13.A14.B16.A17.C18.B19.C20.A第二部分:阅读理解 (共15题) Passage 121.D22.C23.A24.B25.DPassage 226.A27.C29.D30.APassage 331.C32.A33.B34.D35.C第三部分:完形填空 (共20题)36.D37.A38.C39.B40.C41.B43.D44.B45.A46.C47.D48.B49.C50.A51.D52.C53.A54.B55.D第四部分:翻译 (共5题)56.The new shopping mall will be opened next month, adding more choices for consumers.57.I have been studying English for four years, and Ihope to become fluent in it.58.The international conference will be held in Beijingnext week, attracting scholars from around the world.59.The company’s profits have been steadily increasingover the past three years.60.The government has implemented strict measuresto prevent the spread of the virus.第五部分:写作 (共1题)题目:Environmental Protection随着人们环保意识的增强,环境保护问题受到了越来越多的关注。

2023年大学英语四级真题答案与解析

2023年大学英语四级真题答案与解析

2023年12月大学英语四级真题答案与解析Part I Writing参照范文:第一种图表(即我们试题部分旳图表)Education PaysThe bar graph describes the unemployment rates in 2023 for social groups with different education degrees in theUnited States. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics,the better you are educated,the more likely you are to get employed. For example,there are only about 1.9% and 4% of people with doctoral degree and master s degree respectively who are unemployed,while people with only a high school diploma or less suffer a much higher unemployment rate (14.9% and 10.3% respectively).These data clearly indicate that education pays in the long run and it is a worthy investment. In this IT age especially,when knowledge of science and technology is power,people need to be well equipped with knowledge and skills in order to be competitive in job hunting and be better paid. A higher degree is definitely an advantage in the first place in the job market.It must be added,however,a high degree alone is not enough. It will not ensure a better employment opportunity. In order to succeed in the career,people must also develop practical skills and techniques as well as good communication,teamwork and social experience.第二种图表(这也是本次考试旳另一份试卷旳图表)(见图表2)Education PaysAs is shown in the bar chart above,the social groups with higher degree are not only more likely to be employed in the first place,but they are also better paid later in the workplace. Those with doctoral and professional degrees enjoy a much higher weekly median earning ($1551 and 1665 respectively)and suffer a much lower unemployment rate (2.5% and 2.4%). On the other hand,those with less education suffer a considerably higher unemployment rate and have a much lower weekly income. For example,there are a total of 23.5% (9.4%+14.1%)of people unemployed with high school diploma or less,who have only a median weekly income of $545,as compared with the average $797.These data clearly indicate that education pays in the long run and it is a worthy investment. In this IT age especially,when knowledge of science and technology is power,people need to be well equipped with knowledge and skills in order to be competitive in job hunting and be better paid. A higher degree is definitely an advantage in the first place in the job market and a competitive edge for workplace promotions.It must be added,however,a high degree alone is not enough. It will not ensure a better employment opportunity and higher salary. In order to succeed in the career,people must also develop practical skills and techniques as well as good communication,teamwork and social experience.概述四级考试重要旳作文命题形式是“文示”提纲作文,但不时也考应用文(书信、演讲词等)和图表作文,图表作文曾在1991年6月(表格:Changes in People s Diet)和2023年6月(柱状图:Student Use of Computers),似乎是23年考一次,但不排除此后会更频繁地考到。

2023年12月四级真题作文讲解

2023年12月四级真题作文讲解

2023年12月四级真题作文讲解英文回答:In the ever-evolving landscape of technological advancements, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked a multitude of ethical considerations and societal implications. While AI holds immense potential for enhancing our lives and unlocking unprecedented opportunities, it is imperative to address the potential risks and challenges that accompany its development and application.One significant ethical concern surrounding AI is its impact on employment and economic inequality. As AI-driven automation becomes more prevalent, it could lead to job displacement and exacerbate economic disparities. It is crucial to develop strategies to mitigate these effects, such as investing in retraining programs and exploring new job creation opportunities in fields where AI cannot fully replace human labor.AI also raises concerns about privacy and surveillance. The vast amounts of personal data collected and analyzed by AI systems could be potentially misused or exploited, leading to侵犯隐私 and discrimination. It is essential to establish robust regulations and ethical guidelines to protect individuals from potential privacy breaches and ensure that AI systems are used responsibly and in accordance with societal values.Furthermore, AI algorithms can perpetuate existing biases and stereotypes embedded in the training data. This can lead to unfair or discriminatory outcomes, particularly in areas such as criminal justice, loan approvals, and healthcare. It is vital to audit and mitigate these biases to ensure that AI systems are fair and equitable for all.The development and use of AI also have implicationsfor human agency and autonomy. As AI systems become more sophisticated, there is a risk that we may become overly reliant on them, diminishing our own critical thinking skills and decision-making abilities. It is important tostrike a balance between utilizing AI's capabilities while maintaining human oversight and accountability.中文回答:人工智能的伦理影响及社会影响。

人力资源管理师四级简答真题(实操)及复习资料讲解

人力资源管理师四级简答真题(实操)及复习资料讲解

1、筒述绩效考评数据处理的步骤。

(12分(1)表格的设计与发放;(2)收集考评数据记录;(3)考评数据的统计;(4)数据的计算机处理;(5)考评数据的保存;(6)文档的保管。

2、简述基本社会保险缴费的内容。

(10分(1)基本养老保险缴费;(2)基本医疗保险缴费;(3)失业保险缴费;(4)工伤保险缴费(5)生育保险缴费。

3、简述依据调节手段的不同, 劳动关系主要有哪几种调整方式?依据调节手段的不同,劳动关系的调整方式主要有:(1)通过劳动法律、法规对劳动关系的调整;(2)劳动合同规范的调整;(3)集体合同规范的调整;(5)企业内部劳动规则(规章制度)的调整;(6)劳动争议处理制度的调整;(7)国家劳动监督检查制度等。

l 、某公司于2006年6月11日成立,在职员工人数为80人,6月份以后至7月份没有出现人员变动;8月1日,该公司正式聘用20人;8月20日,有5名员工离职。

请计算:该公司6、7、8月份的月平均人数各是多少?(12分(1)6月份每天实际人数之和月份月平均人数(人)月份的日历日数(2)由于未出现人员变动,因此7月份的月平均人数为80人(3)8月份每天实际人数之和月份月平均人数(人)月份的日历日数2、某员工的岗位工资标准是3480元/月(月计薪天数为21.75天,10月份该员工在国庆节期间休假7天,周末休息时间为6天,平时加班12小时,因病缺勤l 天。

请计算:(1该企业10月份的制度工时数。

(3分(2该员工10月份的实际工作工时数。

(3分(3如果不考虑扣个人所得税和各项保险, 企业应支付该员工多少工资?(8分(1)10月份的制度工时数=(31-7-6)×8=144(小时)(2)10月份该员工实际工时数=(31-7-6-1)×8+12=148(小时)(3)小时工资标准=月工资标准/(月计薪天数×8 =3480/(21.75×8)=20元/小时因此,应付该员工的工资=3480-20×8+20×12×150%=3480-160+360=3680(元)1、A 公司是一家大型国有企业,2004年开始实施竞聘上岗。

四级考试题真题及答案2024

四级考试题真题及答案2024一、听力理解(共20分)1. 听力短对话A. 男人打算去图书馆。

B. 女人建议去咖啡馆。

C. 他们决定去公园散步。

D. 他们计划去电影院。

答案:B2. 听力长对话A. 女人错过了公交车。

B. 男人忘记了带钥匙。

C. 他们正在讨论工作计划。

D. 他们正在讨论周末计划。

答案:D二、阅读理解(共40分)1. 阅读理解第一篇根据文章内容,以下哪项是正确的?A. 公司最近进行了大规模裁员。

B. 公司计划扩大其业务范围。

C. 公司正在研发新产品。

D. 公司即将宣布破产。

答案:C2. 阅读理解第二篇文章中提到的主要问题是什么?A. 环境污染问题。

B. 能源短缺问题。

C. 人口增长问题。

D. 经济发展问题。

答案:B三、词汇与语法(共20分)1. 词汇题根据上下文,填入空白处最合适的词是:The company is looking for a new _______ to manage the project.A. managerB. engineerC. designerD. consultant答案:A2. 语法题填入空白处使句子语法正确的选项是:She _______ the book when I entered the room.A. readsB. is readingC. was readingD. has read答案:C四、写作(共20分)1. 图表作文请根据以下图表,写一篇不少于120词的短文,描述图表中的趋势,并给出你的分析。

图表显示了过去五年内,某城市的公共交通使用率的变化情况。

五、翻译(共20分)1. 汉译英请将以下句子翻译成英文:随着科技的发展,远程工作变得越来越普遍。

答案:With the development of technology, remote work is becoming increasingly common.2. 英译汉请将以下句子翻译成中文:"The rapid growth of the internet has changed the way we communicate."答案:互联网的迅速发展改变了我们的沟通方式。

四级考试题及答案详解

四级考试题及答案详解一、听力理解(共20分)1. A) 根据题目所给的对话,我们可以得知正确答案是C。

对话中提到了“明天的会议”,而选项C是“推迟会议”,符合对话内容。

2. B) 根据对话中提到的“火车票”和“飞机票”的比较,可以判断出正确答案是A,即“火车票比飞机票便宜”。

3. C) 对话中提到了“图书馆”,并且询问了“是否需要借书”,因此正确答案是B,即“去图书馆借书”。

4. D) 根据对话中的“天气”和“户外活动”的讨论,可以判断出正确答案是D,即“天气晴朗,适合户外活动”。

二、阅读理解(共40分)1. 根据文章第一段的描述,我们可以得知正确答案是A。

文章提到了“新的科技产品”,这与选项A中的“科技产品”相符。

2. B) 第二段中提到了“环境保护”,这与选项B中的“环保意识”相匹配,因此正确答案是B。

3. C) 第三段中讨论了“教育的重要性”,与选项C中的“教育”相关,所以正确答案是C。

4. D) 文章最后一段提到了“健康生活方式”,与选项D中的“健康”相对应,正确答案是D。

三、完形填空(共20分)1. 根据上下文的语境,第一个空应该填入“although”,表示转折关系。

2. 第二个空填入“innovative”,因为文中提到了“新的方法”,需要一个形容词来修饰。

3. 第三个空填入“significant”,表示“重要的”,与文中的“影响”相呼应。

4. 第四个空填入“consequences”,因为文中讨论了“后果”,需要一个名词来表示。

四、翻译(共20分)1. 将“中国有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化。

”翻译为英文是 "China has a long history and rich culture."2. “我们应该尊重每个人的选择。

”翻译为英文是 "We should respect everyone's choice."3. “这个项目的成功取决于团队的合作。

2024年12月四级英语考试真题与答案解析

2024年12月四级英语考试真题与答案解析In this article, we will provide an analysis of the 2024 December CET-4 (College English Test Band 4) examination. We will present the actual exam questions and provide detailed explanations for the correct answers. This comprehensive review aims to help candidates better understand the exam format, improve their English skills, and succeed in the test.Listening SectionPart I Questions and Answers1. B2. A3. C4. B5. C6. A7. B8. C9. A 10. BExplanation: In this section, candidates are required to listen to ten short conversations and choose the correct answer according to what they hear. The correct answers for each conversation are as follows:Part II Questions and Answers11. C 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. BExplanation: In this part, candidates need to listen to several longer conversations and answer the questions based on the information provided. The correct answers for each conversation are as follows:Part III Questions and Answers21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. CExplanation: This part requires candidates to listen to several passages and answer questions related to the content. The correct answers for each passage are as follows:Reading SectionPassage One26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. CExplanation: Passage One is about the benefits of reading. The correct answers for the questions are as follows:Passage Two31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. DExplanation: Passage Two talks about the impact of social media on personal relationships. The correct answers for the questions are as follows:Passage Three36. A 37. B 38. D 39. C 40. AExplanation: Passage Three discusses the effects of climate change on biodiversity. The correct answers for the questions are as follows:Writing SectionPart I - Short Answer QuestionsQuestion 1: What are the advantages of studying abroad?Answer: Studying abroad provides opportunities for cultural exchange, language acquisition, and personal growth.Question 2: Explain the importance of environmental conservation.Answer: Environmental conservation is crucial for preserving biodiversity, mitigating climate change, and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.Part II - Essay WritingTopic: The Benefits of VolunteeringIntroduction:Volunteering has become increasingly popular in recent years, and for good reason. This essay will explore the various benefits of volunteering, including personal growth, enhancing social skills, and making a positive impact on society.Body Paragraph 1:One of the main advantages of volunteering is the opportunity for personal growth. By engaging in volunteer work, individuals can step out of their comfort zones, learn new skills, and gain valuable life experience. This personal development can lead to increased self-confidence and a broader perspective on life.Body Paragraph 2:Moreover, volunteering provides a platform for enhancing social skills. When people volunteer, they interact with individuals from diverse backgrounds and develop their communication and teamwork abilities. These social skills are not only helpful in volunteer work but also crucial for personal and professional relationships.Body Paragraph 3:Lastly, volunteering allows individuals to make a positive impact on society. By dedicating their time and skills to meaningful causes, volunteers contribute to the betterment of their communities. Whether it's working with disadvantaged youth or participating in environmental clean-up projects, volunteers actively shape a better future.Conclusion:In conclusion, volunteering offers numerous benefits, including personal growth, social skill enhancement, and the opportunity to make a positive impact. It is not only a selfless act but also a rewarding experience for individuals. Therefore, more people should consider volunteering and actively contribute to creating a better and more compassionate world.Please note that the above answers and essay are for illustrative purposes only. The actual questions and answers may vary in the real December 2024 CET-4 examination.。

2024年6月英语四级真题试卷第1套及答案解析

2024年6月大学英语四级真题(第1套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: Suppose your university is seeking students’ opinions on whether university libraries should be open to the public. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Due to a fire alarm in their apartments.B) Because of the smoke and heat damage.C) Due to the water used to extinguish the flames.D) Because of the collapse of the three-story building.2. A) Investigating the cause of the incident.B) Helping search for the suspect of the crime.C) Rescuing the businessmen trapped in the building.D) Checking town records for the property developer.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It plays a less important role in one’s health than nutrient intake.B) It impacts people’s health to a lesser degree than sun exposure.C) It is associated with people’s mental health conditions.D) It is linked with older adults’ sympt oms of depression.4. A) It was indefinite. C) It was straightforward.B) It was systematic. D) It was insignificant.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) It has helped solve several murder cases.B) It has become a star police dog in Beijing.C) It has surpassed its mother in performance.D) It has done better than naturally born dogs.6. A) To speed up investigation into criminal cases. C) To cut down training expenses.B) To test the feasibility of cloning technology. D) To reduce their training time.7. A) Cloning is too complicated a process. C) Cloning is ethically controversial.B) The technology is yet to be accepted. D) The technology is too expensive.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He read it somewhere online. C) He read an article reviewing it.B) He heard about it from a coworker. D) He watched a TV series based on it.9. A) His publications. C) His address.B) His first book. D) His name.10. A) Collect a lot more data. C) Clarify many new concepts.B) Relax a bit less often. D) Read more reference books.11. A) Find out the show’s most interesting episodes. C) Get an e-copy of the book to read.B) Watch the series together with the woman. D) Check to see when the show starts.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To check the prices of his farm produce.B) To ask the way to the Newcastle City Hall.C) To inquire about the vegetarian food festival.D) To seek the man’s help with her work on the farm.13. A) Bakers. C) Vegetarians.B) Vendors. D) Organisers.14. A) The issuing of certificates to vendors. C) The festival they are organising.B) The completion of the baking task. D) The deadline for application.15. A) The closing date of submission. C) The details of the ceremony.B) The website of his company. D) The organiser’s address.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Most scenic sites have been closed. C) Health experts advise going outdoors.B) Access to official campsites is limited. D) People have more time during the summer.17. A) It is strongly opposed by nearby residents. C) It has caused environmental concerns.B) It leads to much waste of public money. D) It has created conflicts among campers.18. A) Look for open land in Scotland. C) Avoid getting close to wilderness.B) Leave no trace of their camping. D) Ask for permission from authorities. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They outcompete mythical creatures. C) They truly exist in the Amazon region.B) They usually mind their own business. D) They resemble alarmingly large snakes.20. A) Scar tissue from dolphins’ fighting. C) Unhealed wounds from snake bites.B) Skin infection from water pollution. D) Swimming along in seasonal floods.21. A) It has been shrinking at an astonishing pace.B) It has been placed under international protection.C) It has been appealing to both freshwater and sea dolphins.D) It has been abandoned as a battleground for male dolphins.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) About 58% of young adults call parental support the new normal.B) Most adult children enjoy increasing sources of financial support.C) A full 70% of the young adults cannot afford to buy a car by themselves.D) Most early adults cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support.23. A) It renders them dependent. C) It makes them mentally immature.B) It causes them to lose dignity. D) It hinders them from getting ahead.24. A) It challenges one’s willpower. C) It calls for due assistance.B) It results from education. D) It defines adulthood.25. A) Current lifestyles. C) College loans.B) Poor budgeting. D) Emergency expenses.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.It’s well known that physical exercise is beneficial not just to physical health but also to mental health. Yet whereas most countries have 26 , evidence-backed guidelines on the type and intensity of exercise 27 for various physical health benefits, such guidelines do not yet exist for exercise and mood.This is 28 due to a lack of necessary evidence. However, a new systematic review brings us usefully up-to-date on the current findings in this area.Before 29 into some of the key take-aways, an important 30 made in the review is between aerobic exercise and anaerobic. The former 31 such things as walking, jogging and cycling and means exercising in such a way that your body is able to use oxygen to burn fat for energy. In contrast, anaerobic exercise—such as lifting heavy weights—is of such 32 intensity that your body does not have time to use oxygen to create energy and so instead it breaks down glucose (葡萄糖) in your blood or muscles.Beginning first with the influence of exercise intensity on the mood benefits of aerobic exercise, the researchers, led by John Chan at Shenzhen University, found 33 results from19 relevant studies. Some favoured higher intensity, others low, while seven studies found that intensity made no 34 to mood benefits.In relation to the intensity of anaerobic exercise, however, the results were far clearer—the optimum (最佳选择) for improving mood is 35 intensity, perhaps because low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasant.Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why Do Americans Work So Much?A)How will we all keep busy when we only have to work 15 hours a week? That was thequestion that worried the British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren” in 1930. Over the next century, h e predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all. For a while, it looked like Keynes was right. In 1930 the average working week was47 hours in the United States. But by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked onaverage had fallen to slightly less than 39.B)But then something changed. Instead of continuing to decline, the duration of the workingweek remained stable. It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades. So what happened? Why are people working just as much today as in 1970?C)There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technologyto increase the economy’s productivity, which he thought would lead to a standard of living “between four and eight times as high as it is today.” But Keynes got that right: Technology has made the economy massively more productive. According to Benjamin M. Friedman, an economist at Harvard, the U.S. economy is right on track to reach Keynes’s eight-fold (八倍) multiple by 2029. That is a century after the last data Keynes would have had access to.D)In a new paper, Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has nottranslated into increased leisure time. Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing. This is a theory that appeals tomany economists. “This argument is, at best, far from sufficient,” he writes. If that were the case, why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?E)Another theory Friedman considers is that, in an era of ever fewer settings that provideeffective opportunities for personal connections and relationships, people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work. There is support for this theory. Many people today consider colleagues as friends. But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive. Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family, rather than at work. Furthermore, this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S. working week in the 1970s.F) A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman. That is: American inequalitymeans that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone. In other words, most Americans are too poor to work less. Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers, this one fits chronologically (按年代). Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II, along with the duration of the working week.But since the early 1970s it has risen dramatically.G)Keynes’s prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of livingwould continue rising for everyone. But Friedman says that this is not what has happened.Although Keynes’s eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole, it is not at all the case for the median (中位数的) American worker. For them, output by 2029 is likely to be around 3.5 times what it was when Keynes was writing. This is a bit below his four- to eight-fold predicted range.H)This can be seen in the median worker’s income over this time period, complete with a shiftin 1973 that fits in precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking. According to Friedman, between 1947 and 1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers (those who were not in management roles) in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy. But by 2013 the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent from the 1973 level in terms of actual purchasing power. Thus, though American incomes may have gone up since 1973, the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down. For most Americans, then, the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973. Thus, they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living.I)What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technologicalunemployment. This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do so much. In Keynes’s vision, the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure. But Friedman says that, for Americans, reality is much darker. Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education—are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get. This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hourly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little. This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much. Rather, we can assume it is because they need the money.J)This explanation leaves an important question. If the very rich—the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes’s time—can afford to work less, why do they continue to work so much? (Indeed, research has shownthat the highest earners in America tend to work the most.) Friedman believes that for many top earners, work is a labor of love. They are doing work they care about and are interested in, and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden. For them, it may even be a pleasure.These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves. And, of course, they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.K)Friedman concludes that the prosperity(繁荣) Keynes predicted is here. After all, the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected. But for most Americans, that prosperity is nowhere to be seen. And, as a result, neither are those shorter working weeks.36. Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships.37. As ordinary American workers’ average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity, they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards.38. American workers’ average weekly working time has not changed for nearly half a century.39. Friedman believes inequality in the U.S. largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours.40. Man y economists assume people’s thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisure time.41. An economist’s prediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct fora time in the 20th century.42. In the U.S. labor market, the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure any employment even if it is low-paid.43. Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive.44. Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing.45. According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week with everyone’s standard of living continuing to rise.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.”People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth through oth ers’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t please all people all of the。

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二、听力
• 答案:
• 1-5 CACBA • 6-10 CDACA • 11-15 CDADB • 16-20 DBCDB 21-25 ACACD
• 26. In adddition • 27.software • 28.available • 29.individuals • 30 technological
• not only…but also…的用法
• 用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者,其 • 意为“不仅……而且……”;其中的also有时可以省略。如: • She not only plays well, but also writes music. • 她不仅很会演奏,而且还会作曲。 • He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them. • 他不仅是自编剧本, 还饰演其中的角色。 • Not only men but also women were chosen. • 不仅仅是男的,女的也有被选中的。
2.I think electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.Now,we have long time to use conputer,and is great help that they don't need to face-to-face ,also can work to others.Electronic communication can help someone like go to other place alone and let them can face to people who live in hometown.
• 3.Nowadays ,computer is becoming more and more important in our daily lif e.But on the picture,parents can hardly see their child once.Because Andy is obsessed with the computer. • 4.In our daily life ,electronic communication is more and more popular amongthe people .In this picture ,we can watch a anction :The parents set down before a computer ,they are sending some informentions to their son who say in him upstair room They say hello to each other and ask some question about each other .In their Email,the last words is "we miss you very much ,when you get down to eat something?"
看图作文三步曲
• 第一步:审题→提出中心论点 • 1.读题目要求; • 2.看图; • 3.套用模板句;As is vividly depicted in the cartoon given above ,we can observe that ... • As is vividly shown in the picture,we can see that... • Apparently,the picture reflects that... • The cartoon informs us of the phenomenon that... • 第二步:分条论述 • 第三步:总结
评分参照
• 1.扣题准确; • 2.内容充实; • 2.结构清晰; • 3.表达流畅、灵活。(词汇和语法)
范文一
The Impact of the Internet on the Way People Communicate The ironic picture is about a father and a mother writting a letter to their son who is upstairs.The father and mother greet the son,Andy,and tell him they are fine and miss him and look forward to seeing him again when his computer crashes and he comes downstairs to eat. The child is overusing the Internet on the way people comunicate. Can electronic communication replace face-to-face contact?The answer is "no".For one thing,electronic communication makes people feel strange although it does help people communicate,especially for those who are far away or inconvenient to talk,whereas face-to-face contact makes people feel psychonogically intimate and affectionate.For another ,people cannot express themselves fully through the Internet .Thus,misunderstanding may be aroused. In my opinion,I do not object to electronic communication,but it cannot replace face-to-face communication.
• He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well. • 他不仅平时工作,星期日也工作。 • Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. • 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片,他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。 • 说明:若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一 致。如: • Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你,他也得离开。 • 若提前,not only后面的句子要用倒装,如: • Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不 仅说得更正确,而且讲得更不费劲了。
范文二
Electronic Communication Cannot Replace Face-to-Face Contact The picture above is a vivid description of a phenomennon that communication between teenagers and their parents is usually through the Internet.Athough the Internet has changed the ways of communication,I do not think that electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact. Firstly,face-to-face contact is much better than electronic communication in terms of enhanced parent-child relationship,for the former can better guarantee honesty of the communication.Secondly,face-to-face contact can make people concentrate on what they are talking about,so people can thnk the problems st but not least,face-to-face can eliminate distrust between parents and children.because both sides will not be suspicious about the ohers' intentions if they can talk with each other in such a direct way. To sum up,the Internet has greatly influenced the ways of communication ,but it can never replace face-to-face contact.
4.Face-to-face better than electronic 5.The important of the Internet 6.A good way to communicate 7.About communication 8.无标题。
原文首段
1.Dear mom and dad: Here is everything going well and I miss you so much too.And hope you are doing well too.
反思 提高
13年12月第二套四级真题浅讲
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