Abstract Assessing Our Engineering Alumni Determinants of Success in the Workplace
广东省广州市第十六中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中英语试题
广东省广州市第十六中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解The 93rd Academy Awards ceremony was held on April 25, 2021, rather than its usual late-February date due to the COVID-19 pandemic.WinnersThe nominee were announced on March15. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony. Chinese filmmaker Chloe Zhao became the first woman of color to win Best Director and the second woman overall after Kathryn Bigelow, who claimed the title at the 2010 ceremony for directing The Hurt Locker. Best Actress winner Frances McDormand became the seventh person to win a third acting Oscar and the second to win Best Actress three times. As a producer of Nomadland, she also was the first person in history to win Oscars for both acting and producing for the same film. Best Supporting Actress winner Youn Yuh-jung became the first Korean performer and second Asian female to win an Oscar after Miyoshi Umeki, who won the same category for her role in 1957's Sayonara.Part of awardsRule changes Due to the ceremony date change, the Academy changed the qualification deadline for feature films from December 31, 2020 to February 28, 2021. The Academy also revised its release and distribution requirements by allowing for films that were released viavideo on demand or streaming to be qualified for the awards.1．Who is the first female to win the Academy Award for Best Director?A．Chloe Zhao.B．Kathryn Bigelow.C．Youn Yuh-jung D．Frances McDormand.2．Which film won the most awards in 2021 Oscar?A．Nomadland.B．The Father.C．Sayonara.D．Minari. 3．What was the deadline for feature films?A．April 25, 2021.B．March 15, 2021.C．February 28, 2021.D．December 31, 2020.Valerie Bolduc is exploring a path under a four-lane highway to fit wildlife cameras, when she gets stuck in the mud. “I am really stuck,” says the road ecology student, trying to pull her feet out of a streambed that travels through the concrete culvert (涵洞) of Quebec Route 117. “I do not want to be a deer going through that.”Bolduc’s dilemma makes evident the risks for wild animals using the same path.A warming climate is pushing many animals to migrate toward higher latitudes (纬度) to remain within their desirable environments, but that comes with risks as they cross dangerous areas, such as highways. In eastern Canada, Bolduc and other researchers and conservationists are trying to preserve safe corridors (走廊) for wildlife.The motion-activated cameras they have brought will record which species are using the tunnels. An outward-facing camera will identify what animals approach but do not enter, perhaps prevented by traffic noise, the tunnel’s size or other factors.Bolduc explains that this highway running through southern Quebec separates a series of Canadian national and regional parks on either side, along with their animal populations. “It’s super important,” she notes, “because the animals want to move north and they encounter these and then can they move through? Will they get hit by a car? We’ll need to figure that out. And we need to help them, at least I want to help them.”After finishing fitting their cameras on the northbound side of the highway, Bolduc and her team decide they need an alternate path to the other side to avoid another misfortune in the mud. “We’re generally trying to be safe,” Bolduc says, “but for the animals, this is their life!”4．What can we learn from Bolduc’s experience of being trapped?A．It is difficult to fit wildlife cameras.B．She is out of luck during the exploration.C．Road conditions of the highway are unexpected.D．It is dangerous for wild animals to cross this area.5．What do these animals move to higher latitudes for?A．Less traffic noise.B．Warmer climate.C．Safe corridors.D．Favorable environments.6．What function is expected of the wildlife cameras?A．To record the changes in traffic flow.B．To figure out difficulties wild animals face.C．To track animals in and around the tunnels.D．To photograph the living environment of wild animals.7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．High Tech Protects Wildlife B．Animal Migration Is under Threat C．Ecologists Fear the Future of Wildlife D．Researchers Seek Paths for Animals to MigrateNowadays, countries are eager to get more electric cars on the road because moving away from gas-powered vehicles is vital to fighting climate change. China says that most new vehicles sold by 2035 will be electric. The United Kingdom will ban new gas-powered cars in 2030. One of the world’s major automakers, General Motors (GM), announced that it would stop selling gas-powered cars by 2035.The key to an electric future is batteries. Automakers are racing to pack the most energy into the smallest one. The lithium-ion battery is what powers our mobile devices, which can be recharged again and again. Making these batteries has an environmental cost. Lithium is taken from the earth, like the oil used to make gasoline. But the long-term cost is much smaller. “Once you burn gasoline, you can’t recycle it,” says Jessika Trancik, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “But when you use up a battery, you can still recycle the material.”It’s up to governments to make electric cars accessible to everyone. National policies can help. In the United States, an electric Chevy V olt costs about $35,000. Trancik says charging stations must also be made widely available. As part of an effort to fight climate change,America plans to build half a million of them in the US by 2030. She hopes enough charging stations will be built soon. “It’s important to put chargers where many different people can have access to them,” she says. “Not just wealthier people.”Last year, almost 5% of approximately 67 million new cars sold worldwide were electric. For Venkat Viswanathan, a professor of mechanical engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, green electricity is part of the solution to climate change, and electric cars are just the beginning. He sees a future of solar-powered homes and electric flying cars. “Soon, a plug-in vehicle might be as cheap as a gas-powered car. It is now abundantly clear that electric is the future,” he says. “It will be a totally new world.”8．Which word best describes Trancik’s attitude to the lithium-ion battery? A．Conservative.B．Skeptical.C．Positive.D．Disapproving. 9．What does Trancik indicate about charging stations in Paragraph 3?A．They should come down in price.B．They may be unfairly laid out. C．Enough of them have been built.D．They favor more ordinary people. 10．What can be inferred from Viswanathan?A．Gas-powered cars will be cheaper.B．Green electricity will be widely used. C．The price of batteries will drop sharply.D．Electric vehicles will beat climate change.11．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Charging Stations Are Needed B．Vehicles Have Clean Options C．Climate Change Fuels Electricity D．Our Cars Are Going ElectricJason, a straight-A student from the University of Pennsylvania, uses the term “pseudo-working” to describe how many of us study. The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working hard — he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into the night — but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she’s doesn’t actually accomplish much.This phenomenon can be seen on most college campuses. For example, at Dartmouth there was a section of the main library that was open twenty-four hours a day, and the students I used to see there late at night crowded in groups, drinking coffee, were definitely pseudo-working. The roommate who flips through her chemistry notes on the couch while watching TV is pseudo-working.By placing themselves in distracting environments and insisting on working long hours, these students are damaging their brain’s ability to think clearly and efficiently accomplish the task at hand. In the end they get half the results with twice the effort.The bigger problem here is that most students don’t even realize that they’repseudo-working. To them pseudo-working is work — it’s how they’ve always done it, and it’s how all of their friends do it. It never crosses their mind that there might be a better way. Straight-A students, on the other hand, know all about pseudo-working. They fear it. It not only wastes time, but it’s also mentally tiring.In fact, the most important skill in becoming a straight-A student is the ability to get work done quickly and with a minimum of wasted effort. Some cognitive science research concludes that about fifty minutes is the optimal learning period to maximize the material integrated per time unit. So how do these students achieve this goal? To understand their secret to success, consider the following simple formula (公式): work accomplished = time spent × intensity of focusPseudo-working features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to accomplish something by pseudo-working, you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach on the other hand, increases intensity in order to use less time.12．Which of the following phenomenon is pseudo-working?A．Tom is busy taking notes while attending a lecture.B．Mike is sitting at a study lounge in preparation for a final exam quietly.C．Jack spends a long time in the library on his essay while listening to music.D．Alice and Sara are sitting on the couch reading their favorite books.13．Compared with straight-A students, the major problem of most students is that they______.A．want to spend more time on study B．are eager to follow their friends’ way C．have got used to their study approach D．are unaware of their pseudo-working 14．What does the underlined word “optimal” mean in paragraph 5?A．Possible.B．Best.C．Least.D．Accurate. 15．What does the author want to stress by mentioning the formula?A．The length of time on study counts.B．Concentration plays a key role in study.C．Getting work done quickly means everything.D．Effective study approach is very important.二、七选五How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself? Things may not always go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations.Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. ____16____ They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong. They’re thinking about how to solve the problem._____17_____ when we learn to problem solve for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. _____18_____ This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. ____19____ Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time.And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.____20____A．You also learn what you’re good at.B．Here is how you can be more resourceful.C．These may be practical things like pens and paper.D．No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves.E．Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways.F．They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.G．Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best.三、完形填空The fourth-graders walk up to a mirror — one after another — at a school in southwest Atlanta.“I’m a good person!” a boy ___21___ a face mask adds.Another boy follows, “I’m strong and ___22___,” before hurriedly walking away. In the background, their teacher, Acker, holds up the mirror in front of the kids and ___23___ them on. “Yes! Louder! Love it!” she calls out.Acker teaches science at Gideons Elementary School, and she’s on a ___24___ to boost her students’ confidence and ___25___. The kids returned to school this month after a year of virtual learning, and said their ___26___ words every morning before class starts.Acker ___27___ this with her 5-year-old daughter since she developed verbal language skills, and loved how they both felt ___28___. “The best part about doing the affirmations is the feeling after I say them,” Acker says. “And the feeling I see my students feel or that they ___29___ after they do it. Their attitude is better, their self-confidence is ____30____ and we have a better day.”Mental health issues are ____31____ among children nationwide as they struggle with ____32____, uncertainty and pandemic. Many adults report that the pandemic has been hard on their mental health. For kids, some experts say, it has become a(n) ____33____.And more so this year, kids “need all of the kindness and compassion we can____34____,” says Dr. Marcuetta, a psychologist.Children develop their ____35____ based on how grown-ups speak to them, making teachers a key influence and positive affirmation a crucial first step, she adds. 21．A．playing B．wearing C．making D．finding 22．A．mean B．indifferent C．independent D．common 23．A．keeps B．fixes C．calls D．cheers 24．A．promise B．mission C．way D．permission 25．A．self-love B．sympathy C．self-discipline D．wisdom 26．A．surprising B．positive C．unique D．unreliable 27．A．denied B．shared C．practiced D．concluded 28．A．afterward B．forward C．eventually D．initially29．A．express B．reply C．create D．question 30．A．suspected B．checked C．lifted D．separated 31．A．rising B．improving C．moving D．leading 32．A．personality B．imagination C．curiosity D．anxiety 33．A．opportunity B．success C．choice D．crisis 34．A．think B．offer C．rid D．hide 35．A．languages B．arguments C．doubts D．beliefs四、其他判断以下句子的主句属于哪一种结构36．The Suishenxing app, the first metropolitan Maas (Mobility as a Service) platform in the world that is initiated by a government, has achieved its basic functions, including public transportation, taxi hailing and smart parking.37．Although he kept his mind open because he loved storytelling, Dickens was very much against people exploiting those who were grieving.38．China’s civil aviation authority has ordered domestic airlines to offer free ticket refunds for recent flights due to the COVID-19 outbreak across the country.39．In this event, whoever crosses the finish line first is the winner, meaning the team that wins three races advances to the next round of the competition.40．Sun Yeli, the spokesman, told a news conference one day ahead of the opening of the congress that China will continue to deepen supply-side structural reform, expand effective demand and take concrete measures to ensure food and energy security and the stability of industry and supply chains.41．What made him such a hero was his readiness to die for others when death posed a threat to all as well as his willingness to put people’s interests before his own.42．Taikonauts aboard China’s Tiangong space station will for the first time livestream a science lecture from the Wentian lab module.43．Faced with the sudden collapse of a levee and the imminent onslaught of 3-meter-highwaves, a young army officer swam hard to save his comrades and local residents besieged by floodwater in Hubei Province.44．Many of the art works, such as Olympic-themed Chinese calligraphy and painting that were exhibited or presented as gifts to foreign friends at Beijing 2022, were the work of the “Cheer for the Olympics” program, which was established in 2017 to promote Chinese culture and, more specifically, its integration with the Olympics.45．Whether you’re purchasing Christmas presents or buying groceries, having the items you need written down will provide you with clarity and order while you’re shopping.五、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Research on the Mode of Cultivating English Profic
Research on the Mode of Cultivating English Proficiency of Excellent Talents in the Context of New EngineeringYuhong HeShenyang Agricultural universityAbstract: The construction of new engineering science puts forward new and higher requirements for the cultivation of engineering science and technology talents, but there are still problems in the cultivation of foreign language ability, such as emphasizing specialties rather than foreign languages, limited cultivation of foreign language ability, backward foreign language teaching mode, ineffective teaching, single teaching evaluation mechanism, and poor comprehensive literacy of students. Under the background of “New Engineering”, we should adopt the new mode of “New Engineering + Foreign Language”, strengthen the construction of training program, curriculum system, teaching resources and support platform, adopt multiple teaching modes and methods and multi-faceted teaching evaluation system, in order to cultivate comprehensive engineering talents with solid professional knowledge and technical ability, as well as high foreign language ability, cross-cultural communication ability and humanistic literacy. Keywords: New Engineering; English Proficiency; Cultivation Mode; CountermeasuresDOI: 10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250043.20210512About the author: Yuhong He (1979-12), female, Han Nationality, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, Foreign Language Department, Professional Title: lecturer, bachelor’s degree, Research direction: English teaching.Funded project: National Research Center for Foreign Language Teaching Materials and Teaching Methods in Colleges and Universities project 2019: “Pluralism in the Context of Empowerment: Practice and Research on Non-English Major Teaching in Colleges and Universities”, 2019LN0038A.Education Reform project of Shenyang Agricultural University 2021: “A Preliminary study on the Cultivation mode of international English ability of outstanding talents in food specialty under the background of the New Engineering”, 2021-81.253Journal of International Education and Development Vol.5 No.12 20211. PrefaceIn order to meet the new demands of the market economy development trend and industrial structure optimization and upgrading on the cultivation of high engineering professional talents, the Background of Excellence Program provides clear requirements for the international education and cultivation of Chinese college students. Higher education institutions should actively promote the reform of cultivation mode of engineering English majors, further expand students’ global vision, enhance students’ intercultural communication and collaboration ability and active participation in international competition, and focus on cultivating excellent engineering and technology applied talents with strong practical ability in engineering and technology, outstanding creativity and good overall quality. The main way to achieve this goal is to integrate English teaching with the educational contents of professional courses in engineering disciplines and to promote the cultivation of bilingual talents of excellence.2. Problems in T alent T raining(1) Emphasis on professional capability rather than foreign languageIn recent years, as colleges and universities focus more and more on the mastery of knowledge and the exercise of professional skills, the curriculum of English majors in schools is gradually shrinking, and most of the new engineering majors have not established special English courses and have little time to practice English in school classrooms. Despite the shortened learning time credits for the first class, many institutions do not strengthen students’ second classroom English teaching and independent learning outside the classroom, and some extra-curricular activities such as school English corner and national English speech contest are not very actively carried out, and there are few relevant online high-quality courses, micro-lessons, catechisms and other mobile APPs about teaching English and professional English in colleges and universities, and schools lack sufficient foreign language learning resources Independent learning is carried out outside the classroom, and students’ foreign language development is limited.(2) Backward foreign language teaching modeAccording to the survey, although there are advanced educational concepts and ways are widely advocated, but at present, many colleges and universities of English classroom teaching still take the traditional single teaching method, did not fully consider the different levels of learners and take the graded education and elite teaching, but also did not use modern educational technology and means, and teachers can only use blackboard, chalk, multimedia courses and other one-size-fits-all teaching methods, which cannot achieve good teaching effects. At present,254255the pass rate of CET4 and CET6 in colleges and universities for engineering students is not high, plus many learners master dumb English so their English oral communication skills are very poor. Engineering students still have problems with the English materials they read in their major fields, and they cannot accurately grasp the latest development trends of overseas research in their fields, and their knowledge level is relatively backward, so they cannot complete high-quality English papers.(3) Single teaching evaluation mechanismThe single assessment mechanism of teachers is mainly manifested in the evaluation methods and assessment contents. As far as the assessment method is concerned, the current professional courses and school English classes for engineering students mainly adopt conclusive assessment based on examination, with final examinations accounting for 70% and usual results accounting for 30%, which emphasizes conclusions but not steps, so it is one-sided and cannot really fully mobilize students’ usual learning enthusiasm. From the content of the assessment, it tends to use only the written examination test to test the learning effect of students’ professional basic knowledge and foreign language, while ignoring the test of students’ comprehensive ability. Some students, although they can achieve better results on the paper, may lack the ability to apply their professional knowledge in practice, or even to use foreign languages to carry out efficient cross-cultural communication, thus not having comprehensive humanistic quality.3. English Proficiency Cultivation Mode of Excellent T alents in the Context of New Engineering(1) Building a complete personnel absorption and training systemThe smooth running of teaching activities in engineering institutions requires, first of all, a faculty capable of teaching bilingual courses. Therefore, schools need to pay sufficient attention to the establishment of teachers of bilingual courses and to strengthen and improve them in a continuous and planned manner. Engineering schools should also expand the opportunities for overseas exchange and study for teachers of bilingual courses by studying courses with them or visiting them for education on their classroom teaching and work management patterns. At the same time, engineering schools should also make full use of the “invite in” approach to welcome newcomers in research and education to join the faculty of bilingual education. Under the guidance of such strategies, a team of teachers who are really capable of bilingual education will be built up slowly. To really do a good job in bilingual education, not only teachers are required, but also a reasonable and long-lasting classroom teaching mechanism and a scientific education quality assessmentResearch on the Mode of Cultivating English Proficiency of Excellent Talents in the Context of New EngineeringJournal of International Education and Development Vol.5 No.12 2021system should be built. In order to carry out bilingual education, we must devote a lot of time and effort to it. In order to effectively grasp bilingual education, universities should form a certain mechanism and implement the provisions of the Excellence Plan. In order to fully motivate teachers to carry out bilingual education, it is necessary to guide teachers who have the conditions to carry out bilingual education experiments. Bilingual education is different from traditional mother tongue education, and there are various modes of bilingual classroom teaching, so the evaluation of teaching quality of this kind of teaching is also special.(2) Cultivation program and curriculum system constructionAccording to the basic ability requirements of the new situation for the cultivation of scientific and technological talents of engineering majors, innovative talents cultivation program reflecting the intersection of new engineering + foreign language majors should be established, and the cultivation objectives, cultivation specifications, academic system and credits should be well formulated to cultivate professional scientific and technological innovation ability, foreign language talent, cross-cultural communication talent and social and humanistic science literacy of engineering personnel. In order to achieve the above training objectives, the school should establish certain new curriculum system. First of all, it is necessary to build up professional courses related to the “new engineering”. Therefore, the current professional curriculum should be adjusted and reformed accordingly to meet the development trend of big data era and economic and social demands, i.e., to integrate innovative subjects with basic subjects, to select key courses scientifically, and to build a new cross-disciplinary curriculum system. Secondly, language proficiency teaching should be built. Schools should set up special English courses according to the characteristics of each discipline, and where conditions permit, some professional courses can also adopt bilingual teaching to develop learners’ English ability while mastering knowledge. Finally, the school should build a diversified humanities classroom. Composite engineering professional and technical talents have to draw on and exchange foreign frontier knowledge in English, so relevant elective courses can also be set up in the school’s public elective courses to broaden the global vision of engineering professional and technical talents and cultivate cross-cultural communication talent and humanistic quality.(3) Establishing a perfect evaluation system of teaching modeFirst, use diversified models and methods. With learners as the center, we should integrate foreign language learning ability and humanities comprehensive quality training in the teaching of new engineering majors, and enhance the level of language teaching ability and overall comprehensive cultural literacy through the mastery of professional knowledge and skills training. With the comprehensive use of flipped teaching and modern teaching methods, and with the gradual reduction of teaching hours, efforts are made to build up the second classroom teaching to256257strengthen students’ independent learning and enhance teaching effectiveness. In addition, innovative classes and classes of excellence can be set up to achieve category teaching and elite teaching of the learners of “new engineering” majors, so as to effectively realize the teaching according to their abilities. The second one is to use a comprehensive curriculum evaluation system. The assessment of the courses should not only focus on the examination results, but also on the teaching process and the development of students’ basic learning ability, i.e. the combination of formative and result-based assessment. The corresponding teaching tasks, such as paper and video assignments, practical and special tasks, are assigned in the usual way, and the completion status of the tasks is taken as the final assessment. Course assessment can also be done by teacher grading, student independent grading, and sharing through the school’s network. The final assessment can also be done by a combination of mental and face-to-face tests and other organic online assessments, so that the overall comprehensive learning ability and quality of students can be examined more comprehensively.4. ConclusionCurrently, with the implementation of a new round of English reform program for college entrance examinations in China, many institutions are repositioning and rethinking English teaching in colleges and universities, and language reform has become an inevitable trend. Taking the diversified curriculum objective system as the benchmark and combining with the traditional college English teaching mode, an innovative teaching mode of college English classroom for engineering majors based on the diversified objective system has been formed to meet the new demands and standards provided for contemporary college students in the new form of globalized education. It has some theoretical research and practical application value to promote teachers’ independent reflection, improve teaching course contents and programs, and establish a college English classroom teaching model that is compatible with the concept of innovative engineering talents cultivation, with independent learning, diversified objectives, and teachers’ bilateral reflection.References[1] Shen Jie. “Research on the Cultivation Mode of Excellent Marketing and Sales Talents in the Context of New Engineering” [J]. Southern Agricultural Machinery, 2019, 050(004):186-87.[2] Qian Qinghua. “Exploring the OBE Cultivation Mode of International Talents’ En-glish Proficiency in Local Universities in the Context of “New Engineering””[J]. Youth and Society: China , 2018, 000(011):64-65.[3] Shen Mingxue, Xiong Guangyao, Li Gan, et al. “Exploration and Practice of JointResearch on the Mode of Cultivating English Proficiency of Excellent Talents in the Context of New EngineeringJournal of International Education and Development Vol.5 No.12 2021University-Enterprise Construction of Excellence Talent Cultivation Mode in the Context of New Engineering”[J]. Education Modernization, 2019, 6(04):11-13. [4] Zhou Min, Zhu Yirong. “Research on the Cultivation Mode of Foreign LanguageAbility of Engineering Science and Technology Talents under the Background of “New Engineering””[J]. Western Journal, 2020, 000(008):71-73.258。
学术英语36句翻译(答案)
Unit11.他解释说，成功不过是自己对艺术的执着追求和运气罢了。
（nothing more than）Success，as he explained，was nothing more than a consistent pursuit of art and good luck.2.这个新产品得益于生物学与医学的交叉研究。
（at the crossroads between）The new product has benefited from research work at the crossroads between biological and medical studies.3.他的观点与那位伟大哲学家的思想惊人地相似，但他声称从未听说过其观点。
（echo）It was amazing that his idea well echoed the great philosopher's belief，which he claimed not to have heard about before.4.队员们进行了为期一个月的紧张训练，充分做好了准备，以应对可能发生的各种突发情况。
（prepare...well for）The one-month in tense training problem prepared the team members well for the possible emergencies.5.那位环保人士所做的演讲生动有力，给现场观众留下了深刻的印象。
（be impressed with）The audience was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of the speech delivered by the environmentalist.6.这次旅行将为你提供一个难得的体验不同生活方式的机会。
（sample）This travelling experience will provide you with a rare opportunity to sample a different way of life.7.充分利用有限时间是适应快节奏现代生活的必备技能之一。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：90
2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of （）standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
equivalent “同等的”；alike “相似的，相同的”；uniform “统一的”；likely“很可能的”。
由despite表让步关系，以及后半句中的inns are less costly than hotels可推知在同等标准条件下才能将旅馆与酒店的收费进行对比。
句意：尽管旅馆的服务很好，但是大多数旅馆的收费相比同等标准的酒店更低。
答案A2.翻译题A dynamic view sees the pluses of change as well as the minuses. And it appreciates how new, unforeseen technologies or social changes can solve current problems.By contrast, the environmental movement has been built on crisisContrary to the doomsayers, both past anti present, people have a knack for innovating their way out of "crises" if they have both the permission and the incentive to do so. We find that people developed petroleum as whale oil became scarce, that farmers turned to drip irrigation as water prices rose, and that drivers bought fuel-efficient cars when gas prices went up.To a large degree, green ideology is not about facts. It is about values, and the environment movement is about enforcing those values through political action.—“Greenpolitics，’’ write British greens Jonathan Porritt a nd David Winner, “demands a wholly new ethic in which violent, plundering human kind abandons its destructive ways, recognizes its dependence on Planet Earth, and starts living on a more equal footing with the rest of nature..... The danger lies not only in the odd maverick (—意孤行者)polluting factory，industry，or technology, but in the fundamental nature of our economic systems. It is industrialism itself ——a super-ideology, embraced by the capitalist West which threatens us.【答案】（1）动态的观点既能看到变化的好处，也能看到变化的坏处。
学术写作2
Letters for Publishing Papers
Publication is the goal of almost all academic research.
Communication for publishing papers becomes essential for researchers and scholars.
3
Lessons from Steve Jobs
佛教中有一句话：初学者的心态；拥有初学 者的心态是件了不起的事情。 There’s a phrase in Buddhism, “Beginner’s mind.” It’s wonderful to have a beginner’s mind. 成为卓越的代名词，很多人并不能适合需要 杰出素质的环境。 Be a yardstick of quality. Some people aren’t used to an environment where excellence is expected.
Letters for submitting a paper Letters about review and modification Letters about acceptance and copyright
8
Cover letter for submission (p. 230)
I enclose two copies of my paper entitled “Model-Based Automatic Programming for Plant Control”. I should like to have it published in your journal. Thank you for your consideration.
高中英语(新人教版)选择性必修一同步习题：UNIT 1单元达标测评(同步习题)【含答案及解析】
单元达标测评(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AThe China Daily newspaper group is looking for English-language senior business editors,senior copy editors,copy editors and graphic designers to strengthen its international team.We offer a competitive salary package,free accommodation with utilities paid for,90per cent medical reimbursement,seven-day paid leave,eleven-day public holidays and a return ticket to the country of residence.Senior Business EditorYou must:·assist the business editor in setting goals and working on achieving them;·be an excellent team person who can generate ideas and think creatively and be able to rewrite something totally if needed and to mentor junior staff;·ideally have been working or have worked in a position of responsibility and understand what leadership entails;·have had at least five years'editing experience working on editing the business desk and be familiar with industry software.Senior Copy EditorYou must:·work in shifts in the business desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to the print;·edit or rewrite copy and give up-to-date headlines and captions;·have had at least two years'editing experience working on the editing desk and be familiar with industry software.Copy EditorYou must:·be good at editing or rewriting copy and writing snappy headlines and captions;·be able to work in shifts for different pages,and usually have the last word before the page is sent to the print;·have two years'editing experience working on the copy desk and be familiar with industry software.Graphic DesignerYou must:·have excellent skill in information graphics;·be good at illustrations and freehand drawings;·be experienced in newspaper or magazine layouts;·have a good sense of typography;·have good news judgment;·be familiar with Macintosh software,including InDesign,Illustrator and Photoshop;·be fluent in English.·For enquiries or to apply,write to .1.How many positions need editing experience?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.2.What is not required about Graphic Designer?A.Being familiar with Photoshop.B.Having excellent skill in information graphics.C.Having a good sense of typography.D.Writing up-to-date headlines and captions.3.The author writes this passage to.A.advertise for some employeesB.describe the positions of the China Daily newspaper groupC.describe the working conditions of the China Daily newspaper groupD.tell you how to become good editors and designersBJohn von Neumann was the oldest of3children of a banker,and his speed of learning new ideas and solving problems stood out early.At17,his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he might lead apoor life being a mathematician,so von Neumann agreed to study chemistry as well.In1926,at23,he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D. in mathematics.From then on,mathematics provided well enough for him,and he never had to turn to chemistry.In1930,von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there.His first book was published in1932.In1933,the Institute for Advanced Study was formed,and he became one of the6full-time people in the School of Mathematics(Einstein was one of the others).World WarⅡhugely changed von Neumann's areas of interest.Until1940 he had been a great pure mathematician.During and after the war,he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematical theories into practice. During the last part of the war he became interested in computing machines and made several fundamental contributions.After the war,von Neumann continued his work with computers,and was generally very active in government service. He received many awards,was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission.He died of cancer in 1957.Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place in history.He will be remembered as one of the greatest minds of the20th century.Von Neumann really was a legend in his own time,and there are a number of stories about him.His driving ability is a part of his legend.He reported one accident this way:“I was driving down the road.The trees on the right werepassing me in an orderly fashion at60miles per hour.Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.”4.According to the text,von Neumann's father believed that.A.a mathematician couldn't earn a lot of moneyB.a mathematician needed a good memoryC.von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same timeD.von Neumann had the gift for solving problems at a high speed5.Von Neumann published his first book at the age of.A.25B.26C.29D.326.How did World WarⅡaffect John von Neumann?A.He realized the importance of engineering.B.He began to research how to put mathematics into practice.C.He left college and served at the government department.D.He lost interest in chemistry.7.From the last paragraph,we can infer John von Neumann was.A.calmB.braveC.intelligentD.humorousCEvery March,the country celebrates the achievements of women in American history.Even though these achievements go back a long way,most schools didn't start focusing on women pioneers and their achievements until recently.Today,most schools teach kids about the many contributions women have made to our country.How did this change come about?On March19,1911,a German woman named Clara Zetkin organized the very first International Women's Day.Inspired by American working women,the event took on the causes of peace in an effort to end World War I as well as women's rights.However,people's interest in International Women's Day still dwindled over the years.It gained momentum(势头)again in the1960's when the women's movement caused women to wonder why they weren't included in the history books.By the1970s,more female historians began to look back at women's contributions in history.In1978,a California school district started Women's History Week to promote the teaching of women's history.School officials picked the week of March8to include International Women's Day.It was so popular that,in1981,Congress passed a resolution,making the week a celebration for the entire country.The concept of studying women's history continued to grow in popularity.In1987,a group of women asked Congress to expand the celebration.That same year,Congress declared the entire month of March National Women's History Month.Today,schools and communities across the country celebrate the month with special lessons and activities designed to teach the ways women have helped shape the US.The women who have worked hard to make Women's History Month a reality would like to see women's history studied all year,not just every March.In1996,the National Women's History Museum was founded.It is a commonweal(公益)organization dedicated to preserving and celebrating thevarious historic contributions of women.The organization is working with Congress to open a permanent(永久的)museum site in Washington D.C.8.What was ignored in school education in the past according to the text?A.Popularizing American history.B.Introducing the history of World War I.C.Sharing Americans'global contributions.D.Teaching about American women's achievements.9.Which of the following can replace the underlined word“dwindled” in Paragraph2?A.Started.B.Survived.C.Decreased.pleted.10.What is mainly discussed in Paragraph3?A.How Women's History Month became a reality.B.How women were included in the history books.C.Why women's history should be taught at school.D.Why women's contributions should be honored in history.11.Which correctly describes the National Women's History Museum?A.It was founded by Clara Zetkin.B.It was confirmed by Congress.C.It is a non-profit organization.D.It is a museum in Washington D.C.DAge has never been a problem for16-year-old Thessalonika Arzu-Embry. After all,she's already got her master's degree.The North Chicago-area teen started homeschooling at the age of4.She began having an influence on others soon.When she was6years old,she was an inspirational speaker at an organization called Tabitha House Community Service,a shelter for people who were forced to leave their homes due to the situations such as the earthquake,flood and other natural disasters.At the age of11,she graduated from high school and then earned her bachelor's degree in psychology in2013.She completed those classes online as she was traveling for church events and leadership meetings.She doesn't stop there,though.The teen plans to focus on aviation psychology(航空心理学)for her further study,a decision inspired by her father who is a pilot.She grew up around airplanes.Her goal is to use it to determine whether pilots are dealing with problems that could cause deadly results once the plane takes off—a topic that has been in the news lately.For her,it's a mix of two interests.In her free time,Thessalonika enjoys playing tennis,swimming and being active in her youth group at church.She also has three self-published books, which are on her site.Jump the Education Barrier is written to help students finish college,and In the Future aims to help business owners with trends.Herthird book,The Genius Race,has a wider appeal.It is designed to help people to be geniuses in various areas of life.12.What can we know about Thessalonika?A.When she was6years old,she started homeschooling.B.She gained her master's degree at the age of11.C.She majored in science and technology.D.In2013she got her bachelor's degree through completing courses online.13.What is Thessalonika's next plan according to the passage?A.Major in aviation psychology.B.Deliver inspiring speeches for church events and leadership meetings.C.Be active in her youth group at church.D.Write another book to help people to be geniuses.14.Why does Thessalonika write the book Jump the Education Barrier?A.To help people to be geniuses.B.To give students a hand to complete college.C.To arouse people's interest in psychology.D.To share her own experience with others.15.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.The Story of ThessalonikaB.To be a GeniusC.Three Published BooksD.Homeschooling第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2016年青大研究生综合英语四篇文章汉译英翻译整理
2016年青大研究生综合英语四篇文章汉译英翻译整理Unit1 TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERSDavid G. Jensen核心员工的特征We hold them up to the standards we see in our toppeople. If itlooks like they have these same traits, we'll place a bet on them."“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。
假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。
”The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out.企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。
5 Many peptides and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent- researcher role and outshining other young stars.许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。
因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。
Better still, develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates collaborations—and make sure this quality gets mentioned by those who will take those reference phone calls.更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。
21世纪工程硕士研究生英语-综合教程(下册)Unit1课文翻译
UNIT 1 The Winner’s Guide to SuccessMotivational experts reveal what drives them成功者的成功之路励志专家揭示其前进的动力How do successful people think? What drives them? To find out, I interviewed some of the people most successful in motivating others: top motivational speakers and bestselling authors of “how-to-succeed” books. Here are seven keys to success that they share.成功人士是怎麽想的？什么在驱动着他们？为了探究原由，我访谈了一些最能成功激励大众的人士：顶尖的励志演说者和“如何成功”类畅销书的作者们。
他们提出了7个关键点。
Take full responsibility. In a society in which people blame everyone from their parents to the government for their failure to get ahead, motivational superstars refuse to buy into the victim mentality. Their credo is “if it’s to be, it’s up to me.”承担全部责任。
在社会上，有的人会将他们的失败归咎于他人，从他们的父母到政府，而励志超级之星们决不接受（他们是）受害人的思想。
他们的信条是，“如果没有成功，责任在我。
”They realize that when you say someone or something outside of yourself is preventing you from succeeding, you’re giving away your power. You’re saying, “ you have more control over my life than I do.”他们认识到当你说是自身之外的某件事或某个人阻碍了你成功，就是在举手投降。
广东工业大学第一学期学术型研究生英语期末考试试卷及答案
English Final for Postgraduates (A)2 HoursPart I Vocabulary (25%)Choose the best answer from the four choices given.26. Whatever your argument, I shall my decision.A）hold back B）hold onC）hold to D）hold up27. The constancy of human nature is , as no one believes that a man canfundamentally change his nature.A）proven B）proverbialC）provisional D）provocative28. Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sensethat societal and group practices and expectations ________ romantic experience.A) shape B) polishC) resist D) stir29. Married partners may love each other even though they rarely, or never,_______physical intimacy.A) engage with B) engage inC) engine with D) engine in30. Beginning in childhood, parents encourage or limit future romantic_______by selecting certain neighborhoods and schools.A) dimensions B) connectionsC) liaisons D) affiliations31. He had to excuse for being late.A) make into B) make upC. make out D) make over32. These horrific photographs will affect people’s of war.A) percussion B) viewC) idea D) perception33. This course is useful for students who are in from one trainingprogram to another.A) change B) transitionC) transplanting D) transferring34. A German company with a Swiss firm to develop the product.A) collaborated B) operatedC) collided D) liberated35. They failed to their resources effectively.A) move B) mobilizeC) mitigate D) define36. The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of beingcollaborative and selfless .A) stand up B) stand outC) stand by D) stand on37. Ben never touched beer; or any kind of alcohol .A) for all that B) for the bestC) for that matter D) for that rate38. A monk who loves in a monastery or temple has a relaxed and peaceful life of________.A) complain B) contemptC) discovery D) contemplation39. We are going to and move to Montana.A) pull up stakes B) pull out of stakesC) pull over stakes D) pull to stakes40. Another important piece of risk tolerance is a candidate’s ofcomfort with failure.A) acceptance B) intentionC) degree D) agreement41. The quality in New York that its inhabitants from life may simplyweaken them as individuals.A) divides B) insulatesC) introduces D) informs42. She gave a ________ good performance in the TV as a police officerinvestigating a murder.A) eventually B) crediblyC) famously D) staggeringly43. I study in the library as there are too many at home.A) distributions B) distractionsC) deeds D) decorations44. He surprised me with his knowledge of Kierkegaard andSchopenhauer.A) intimate B) infiniteC) incident D) inside45. Although such a statement may seem self-centered, it’s actually quite_.A) insightful B) insignificantC) superstitious D) respectful46. This requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not ________to management.A) just B) exclusiveC) excluding D) especial47. We must our woodlands for future generations.A) conserve B) considerC) consecrate D) consent48. In the first five years of successful reform, the country’s GDP ________ byalmost 40%.A) inclined B) soaredC) sacrificed D) installed49. I didn’t enjoy studying philosophy-----I found it too much of theoretical_.A) trait B) ideaC) discipline D) academia50. City officials have slowed the development by ________ building permits for thearea.A) threatening B) issuingC) stalling D) gamblingPart II Extensive Reading (10%)Choose the best answer according to what you’ve read in the texts ofExtensive Reading.51. Which of the following statements is not true according to text SolemnCeremony Marks Handover.A)The president of PRC Mr. Jiang Zemin and the Prince of Wales, both spokeat the ceremony.B)Both the British National Anthem and the Chinese Anthem were played atthe ceremony.C)The ceremony was carried out in the afternoon in the Hong KongConvention and Exhibition Center.D)The ceremony was telecast live around the world.52. The poll indicated that _______.A)people in America seldom hesitate to speak in publicB)how to speak in public is the most serious problem for AmericansC)the thing the American people feared most was to speak in publicD)nothing is as important as that of solving the problems of speaking inpublic.53. The text Building a Better Self-image mainly focuses on _______.A)the development of children in the first years.B)the successful interview of job huntersC)some social problems such as violence and suicide.D)the voluntary work of young people54. The author of What’s So Good About Failure gives most examples of _______to show the value of failure in today’s world.A)doctors B) business peopleC) professors D) engineers55. In Don’t Face Stress Alone, the author suggests that people can relievestress by _______.A)taking part in more sportsB)paying attention to their dietC)asking others for help at work when you have difficultiesD)having heart-to heart talks with friends56. According to the passage, Ulanova was regarded as the symbol of _______.A) classic dances B) Russian balletC) femininity D) Russian singing57. Children whose fathers help care for them have _______.A) higher IQs B) better impulse controlC) better social adaptations D) all of the above58. For a person who defends his erroneous beliefs _______ according to LivingHumanism.A)it is necessary to show him that he is wrongB)little can be done to correct himC)now he is always delighted in thinking that he has possessed the factsD)he does not have the quality of loving truth59. Which of the following statements is not true according to Shyness… Natureor Nurture?A) People once thought that temperament was decided by nature.B) The behavior of throwing dishes or slamming doors is also partly inheritable.C) Scientists now believe environment plays a more important role in theformation of a man’s personality than genetics does.D) Most scientists focus their studies on twins in order to know theimportance of inheritance.60.. The main idea of And Now the TV Forecast is that _______.A) the electronic superhighway will offer great entertainment for the rural areaB) digital TV will play an important role in the 21st centuryC) thunder and lightning will break down the digital TVD) digital TV will also need weather forecastingPart III Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage OneThe qualities of leadership are almost constant the world over. If you would like to become president of your class, school, or student council, you must first demonstrate that you have the potentials of leadership.For one thing, you must show that you are interested in your school and in your fellow students. In practical terms, this means taking an active part in school activities. It means joining clubs, attending dances and other social functions, and going out for athletics --- if you are athletic. (1) But many young people have to push themselves to join clubs or attend dances. Perhaps you are one of them. The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness. There is nothing whatever wrong with shyness; it can be overcome if you recognize that it is not a permanent affliction (苦恼)，and if you realize, too, that most if your schoolmates are probably as shy as you are.If you consciously strive (尽力) to overcome shyness by going out to meet people, you will find yourself at the same time developing another quality of leadership--- understanding. As your circle of friends and contacts widens you will get to know your schoolmates better. Because you are no longer so concerned with your own feeling, you will begin to respect and take into account the feelings of others. Your friends and acquaintances (熟人) will be ware of your new attitude, for it will show in many small ways--- your greeting, conversation, and willingness to give and accept friendship.Another quality of leadership which you can develop is willingness to do a bit extra. If you are expected to sell ten tickets to a dance, for example, and sell fifteen, you have proves your interest and your effort to make your organization successful. Once you acquire the reputation of always doing a little more thanexpected, your fellow students will be willing to trust you with greater responsibilities. All your extra effort also indicates enthusiasm, and shows that you concentrate more on how to do a job efficiently than on its difficulties.A fourth quality of leadership is imagination--- the ability to see a way through problems and to develop new ideas. You can develop this all important quality by devoting extra thought during quiet moments to problems being faces by your organization. Many members of club sit passively through a meeting, and give no more thought to club matters until the next meeting, you are likely to come up with new ideas (or at least some questions) to contribute at the next meeting.As you show that you are interested in your school or organization, that you have understanding and respect for your schoolmates, and that you will work hard and use your imagination, your schoolmates will naturally think of you as one of their leaders. When the time comes for election of class or student body officers, you will be mentioned as a possible candidate by your closer friends , and this word will reach other groups until you are given a chance to declare yourself a candidate without seeming immodest.61. This article _______.A) discusses how a person can develop qualities of leadershipB) indicates various ways a good leader can make friends and influence peopleC) analyzes the responsibilities of leadershipD) explains why many people are not good leaders62. The author feels that a prospective leader should attend school dances to_______.A) prove that he is the best dance in the schoolB) show his interest in school activitiesC) overcome his shynessD) learn how to dance63. The author apparently feels that a person who is not athletic _______.A) should go out for athletics anywayB) is definitely not interested in school electionsC) has no chance of becoming a leaderD) can participate in other school activities64. In the sentence “The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness.” theword “hesitancy” means _______.A) willingness B) reluctance C) embarrassment D) indecision65. This analysis is a _______.A) cause-and-effect discussion of the outcome of school electionsB) point-by-point explanation of how to develop the qualities of leadershipC) comparison of good leaders and bad leadersD) close examination of the good points of the president of student council Passage TwoBaekeland and Hartmann repo rt that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist（不动摇）in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or“acceptable” to their friends and associates.When asked to recall the ir dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic（疯人）.The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dre ams much better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted （内向）, inhibited （压抑）, passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves （particularly in social situations）. Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.66. According to the report,________.A）many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB）many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time becausethey are busy with their workC）long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD）many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood67. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that ________.A）sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB）sleep interferes with their sound judgmentC）sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD）sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles68. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers ________.A）are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB）often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC）do not know how to relax properlyD）are more unlikely to run into mental problems69. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might________.A）appear disturbedB）become energeticC）feel dissatisfiedD）be extremely depressed70. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A）If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB）The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the same as those shown by many mental patientsC）Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD）Short sleepers would be better off with more restPassage ThreeOur quarrel with efficiency is not that it gets things done, but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves, and that it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly. In building bridges, American engineers calculate so finely and exactly as to make the two ends come togetherwithin one-tenth of an inch. But when two Chinese begin to dig a tunnel from both sides of a mountain both come out on the other side. --The Chinese’s firm belief is that it doesn’t matter so long as a tunnel is dug through, and if we have two instead of one, why, we have a double track to boot.The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. But, worse than that, it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measured by the clock and eventually turns the human being into a clock himself. （This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.）Nevertheless, such efficiency is what makes life so hard and full of excitement. A man who has to be punctually at a certain place at five o’clock has the whole afternoon from one to five ruined for him already. Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of the schoolboy - three o’clock for this, five o’clock for that, six-thirty for change of dress, six-fifty for entering the taxi, and seven o’clock for arri ving at the destination. It just makes life not worth living.71. The writer objects to efficiency mainly on the grounds that it ________.A）entitles us to too much leisure timeB）urges us to get things done punctuallyC）deprives us of leisure timeD）imposes on us a perfect concept of time72. In the eyes of the author, the introduction of industrial life gives rise to ________.A）the excitement of lifeB）magnificent idling of timeC）more emphasis on efficiencyD）terrifying schoolboy73. The passage tells us ________.A）Chinese workers come to work when it is convenientB）all Americans are forced to be efficient against their willC）Chinese engineers are on better terms with the managementD）Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency74. The author believes that relaxing the rule of punctuality in factories would leadto ________.A）great confusionB）increased productionC）a hard and exciting lifeD）successful completion of a tunnel75. What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that ________.A）every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboy B）every American is reluctant to be efficientC）every one should have some time to spend as he pleasesD）being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formedPart IV Translation (20%)Translate the following five sentences into English (10%)76. 这家公司欠债累累，到了崩溃的边缘。
专业英语
J Nondestruct Eval (2010) 29: 63–73DOI 10.1007/s10921-010-0066-4Detection and Advancement Monitoring of Distributed PittingFailure in Gears 齿轮分布式点蚀的探测和先进监控Hasan Ozturk · Isa Yesilyurt ·Mustafa SabuncuPublished online: 24 March 2010© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010Abstract Conventional methods (i.e. time, frequency andcepstrum) can routinely be used to reveal fault-indicatinginformation in the vibration signal. 抽象的常规方法（即时间，频谱，倒谱）能够直接用来揭示振动信号中错误的显示信息。
In recent years, Waveletanalysis, whic h can lead to the clear identification of the na-ture of faults, are widely used to describe machine condi-tion.近年来，能够清楚识别自然失效的微波分析被广泛用于描述机器状态。
Capability of this method in the detection of any abnormality can be further improved when its low-order frequency moments are considered. 当考虑低位瞬时频率时，这种能够探测所有异常状况的方法的能力就能够得到进一步提高。
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Section 73A1Assessing Our Engineering Alumni: Determinants of Success in the Workplace
Linda Ann Riley, Paul M. Furth, John T. ZellmerNew Mexico State University
AbstractMany factors impact an engineering graduate’s ultimate success in the workplace. Some of theprimary factors however, are the nature and content of the undergraduate engineering education the student receives, as well as the various educational and industrial experiences encountered bythe student over the course of his or her education. With the adoption of ABET’s EC2000,engineering programs are now tasked with determining exactly how good a job they are doing inpreparing their graduates for success in the workplace. In essence, this means determiningprogram outcomes in conjunction with constituencies, and then measuring effectiveness inmeeting these outcomes. Where gaps are identified in this assessment process, strategies andtactics are then designed and implemented to close the gaps. This perpetual outcomesdetermination and modification, measurement, and refinement process embodies the concept of acontinuous improvement philosophy.
In some cases this assessment process has been met with resistence. However, in the case of theCollege of Engineering at New Mexico State University (NMSU), the process and resultingfeedback from constituent groups is laying the foundation for a number of modifications in thecontent, design and delivery of the College’s engineering programs.
This paper then, will discuss the process of conducting one type of constituent assessment: thealumni survey. It will draw on the experiences of the NMSU College of Engineering’s ABETcommittee in designing, conducting, administering and interpreting the survey. Specifically,several findings relating to alumni perceptions of the factors contributing to success in theworkplace will be covered, as well as a discussion of how closely these factors map to nationalemployer studies investigating desired attributes of engineering graduates. Lastly, the paper willprovide a sample of the alumni survey instrument presently used for ABET assessment purposes,and identify how specific questions on the survey measure ABET, as well as individualengineering program outcomes.
IntroductionEngineering programs as a group have practiced assessment of their students, curriculum andconstituents long before EC2000. However, what EC2000 mandates is the requirement for asystematic, integrated approach to conceptualizing and implementing an assessment system. ThisAssessConstituentsto Determineif Outcomes havebeen AchievedIdentify GapsAreas forImprovement,Areas of Excellence
Create Processesand Systemsto Close Gaps,PromoteExcellence
Define/Refine ExpectedOutcomes, Inputfrom Constituentsand ABET Criteria
Figure 1 The Assessment ProcessThe process begins
assessment system may ultimately take many different forms depending on engineering program’sgoals and objectives. At the foundation of every assessment system is a continuous improvementphilosophy. Figure 1 presents a simple assessment loop that overviews the assessment process.
Plan of NMSU’s College of Engineering Assessment SystemThe College of Engineering at New Mexico State University is comprised of seven departments:Chemical Engineering; Civil, Agricultural and Geological Engineering; Electrical and ComputerEngineering; Engineering Technology; Industrial Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; andSurveying Engineering. All departments and undergraduate programs, (with the exception ofEngineering Technology and a program in Agricultural Engineering) will be evaluated underEC2000 guidelines during a Fall 2000 visit.
Assessment activities in the College of Engineering have been underway for many years, atdepartmental, college and university levels. However, prior to the decision to be evaluated underthe new ABET accreditation guidelines, the College’s assessment activities lacked a cohesive,integrated framework. Therefore, over the past two years, efforts have been underway to buildand refine a College assessment framework. During this time, a great deal of effort and resourceshave been directed to creating the systems and processes that address the needs and concerns ofour constituencies, as well as the ABET evaluation metrics by which our programs will be judged.
The College’s ABET committee is comprised of individuals representing each of the College’sprograms. It includes faculty, department heads and College administrators. Through thecommittee process, various assessment components and sub-systems have been facilitated andcreated. Very early in the planning stages, the numerous assessment responsibilities from a