四级语法细说虚拟语气

1 专业四级语法考点细说 I. 虚拟语气 1. if 条件句当中，主从句都使用相应的虚拟形式。当if被省略时，从句当中的虚拟形式had, were, should 要提到从句的主语前面， 构成倒装。 例：  Were I you, I would take an umbrella with me.  Should I have time, I would call her.  Had the damage been worse, the insurance company would have paid more. 2. 主从句的时间背景不一样。或者所表示的是与过去事实相反的假设。 例：  If I had hurried, I would be on the train now.  We would have dropped by if we had had time.  I wouldn’t have known what these were for if I hadn’t been told. 3. It is (high, about, the) time that…….“早该做某事而已经有些晚了” 例：  It’s high time that we finished all the tasks.  It’s the time the children learned how to behave properly. 4. if 引导让步状语从句，从句当中可以用虚拟语气。“即使，就算”。还有表示让步的一些表达法much as “尽管，虽然”，granted that “即使” 例：  We won’t change out plan if the rumor be true.  Much as I would have liked to, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash.  Granted that you had been drunk, there is no excuse for you to do that. 5. 与将来相反的虚拟的三种形式。 例：  If it were to snow tomorrow, I should/would stay at home. （下雪的可能性较小）  If it snowed snow tomorrow, I should/would stay at home. （最常用的）  If it should snow tomorrow, I should/would stay at home. （下雪的可能性较大） 6. should 加动词原形，should 可以省略的用法。 1) 与以下动词有关的 ask , advise, argue, beg, command. Consent, demand, desire, determine, decide, deserve, expect, insist, intend, maintain, move, order prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, resolve, suggest, urge, vote. A) 宾语从句 B) 部分上述动词的名词形式的同位语从句,表语从句 （另necessity, pray, preference, plan, idea） C) 主语从句（另 It is arranged that……） 例：  In the past, men generally preferred that their wives work in the 2

home.  This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.  His suggestion was that we (should) take notes while listening to the lecture.  It was arranged that they (should) leave the following week. 2) 形容词的关系从句。 Advisable, adamant（坚定不移的）, appropriate, better, desirable, essential, imperative, important, insistent, incredible, been, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, strange, urgent, vital. 例：  It is desirable that the agreement be signed before May. (主语从句)  I don’t think it advisable that he (should) be assigned to the job since he has no experience at all. （真正宾语从句） 3) It is a pity/shame/no wonder/one’s wish + that 句型。表示主观结果。 例：  It is a great pity that he should be so conceited 他那么狂妄，真是可悲。 4) Lest, in case, for fear that “以免” 这些词引导的目的状语从句。 例：  You should not go out alone in the dark lest you should be killed.  Take your umbrella in case it should rain. 7. 由表示假设的连词、介词所构成的短语或从句做状语， 主句或从句用should/would/could/might +v. 或should/ would/could/ might +have done. 这些词有： but for , but that, on condition that, supposing, provided, providing, unless, without, whether. 例：  But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.  The juvenile offender was released form custody on condition that he should find a job immediately.  Providing you had the opportunity to go abroad, where would you go?  Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unswerving support. 8. as though /as if 表示假设。 例：  Alan talks as if he knew everything. (当时的假设)  He spoke as though nothing had happened. （过去的假设）  Some days go by much more quickly than others, some hours seem as if they would never end. （将来的假设） 9. wish, if only, had hoped (本来希望) , would rather, had rather, would sooner, would as soon 等之后的从句用过去式,过去完成时或would加动词原形。 例：  I wish that I had more money.  Bob wishes that he had bought that house last spring. 3

 If he only knew how we miss him.  His father had hoped that he would go into business.  I’d rather you didn’t do anything about it for the time being.,  I’d sooner they didn’t deliver the new furniture tomorrow.

II. 从句 1. than引导的方式状语从句的省略。 例：  Don’t eat more than is good for you.  No leader of a party has kept himself in greater detachment form the sentiment of his than has the late Prime Minister.  She eats less than a bird.  I love him more than her.  The box is bigger than I wanted.  There was nothing he desired more than to see the matter end.  He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive. 2. as 引导的方式状语从句的几种情况。 1） “以…的方式，如同……那样” 2） “像…….一样” 3） as……as…… “……而……” 例：  They hunted him as a tiger stalks his prey. 他们象老虎追踪猎物一样去搜捕他.  He is as brave as wise. = He is as brave as he is wise.  He was as experienced as his brother was green. 他经验丰富而他的兄弟却涉世未深. 3. as 的几种搭配词组 1） as much as “达到与……一样的程度” 2） not…so much as/not so much ….as “与其说是….倒不如说是” 3） not so much as “甚至连……都不” 例：  Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner as much as to the professor.  He is not a politician so much as a common rogue.与其说他是一个政客,倒不如说他是一个普通的流氓.  She can not so much as write her own name. 她甚至连自己的名字都不会写. 4. 句型A is to B what C is to D “A之于B就像C之于D” 例：  Water is to fish what air is to man.  Twelve is to three what four is to one. 5. 句型 not……any more than “…和…同样都不…” no more /less than “ 只不过/不亚于”