高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期春考提升练习(有答案)
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第—学期一轮复习-阅读理解(有答案)
高考一轮复习-语篇理解语篇理解阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个最佳答案。
语篇1Ever had a time in your life where cash hasn’t been as plentiful as you’d like and you’ve needed to tighten the budget? We all have.According to the World Bank, global food prices, driven in part by higher fuel costs, are 36% above their level a year ago. Food and drink are among our biggest ongoing expenses, which means it’s also one of the biggest opportunities for savings.There are changes of the way you buy and prepare food that can make a big impact on your bank account. Making significant savings on your grocery bill isn’t as hard as you might think, and you can still live well. Here is how：COOK FROM THE BEGINNINGIn general, the more preparation or processing steps a food has undergone, the higher the price. So it’s best to cook things from the very beginning where possible. Even small changes can make a big cost difference. Try buying unwashed whole lettuce or salad leaves and giving them a cleaning yourself. The per-kilogram price can be as much as ten times more for prepackaged salad leaves.STEWING MEATSupply and demand play a big role in food pricing. Food that isn’t fashionable can be excellent value for money. Unfortunately，lamb chops aren’t as inexpensive as they once were — but there are still plenty of other options. Look for oxtail, chicken wing tips and feet, or other organs such as livers and lungs. A quick internet search will give you a host of ideas on how to prepare unfamiliar ingredients. A good place to start is with slow cooked casseroles(砂锅菜）or stews.BUY IN BULKA good rule，based on experience，is that “bigger is cheaper”，but larger pack sizes aren’t always better value. It does pay to compare the price to make sure youreally are saving — if you can，check the “ unit pricing”，which compares prices by volume and weight. And make sure you9ll not end up throwing half of it out rather than using it by the expiry (到期) date.TAKE A LISTPlanning ahead is a great way to economize and reduce the risk of expensive impulse (冲动的）purchases, so make a list of what you need before you head to the supermarket. It’s also a good idea not to shop while you’re hungry to resist the urge to pick up unnecessary food items. IGNORE THE LISTGive yourself the flexibility to make the most of supermarket specials and discounts, and to use different ingredients or change your weekly recipe (菜谱）plans depending on what’s on sale or the best value for money on the day.1.It can be learned from the passage that_______________.A.there may be less opportunity for you to save money when food prices are increasing greatlyB.checking the expiry date is important when buying foodsC.the way we prepare our food affects our expensesD.changing your weekly recipe plans will help you stay healthy2.‘‘Buy in bulk” most probably means “_______________’.A.Buy goods in large quantitiesB. Buy unpackaged goods onlyC. Buy what’s on saleD. Buy goods in smaller pack sizes3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Prepackaged food is usually of high quality.B.We had better make a plan in advance about what to buy before going to the supermarket.C.Preparing unfamiliar ingredients usually costs your money and time.D.We should ignore the supermarket specials and discounts to avoid being tricked.语篇2Below is a selection from a popular science book.Which works harder，your heart or your brain?That depends on whether you’ve busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.Where do feelings and emotions come from?Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals(哺乳动物) have this brain area-----from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.Why do teeth fall out , and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?Baby (or “milk” ) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged , decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they’re gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switch off.Do old people shrink as they age?Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do , it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine(脊椎) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity. Many (but not all ) men and women do lose height as they got old. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards----their legs , arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shorter a litter. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.If blood is red , why are veins (静脉) blue?Actually , veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear , yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein nearthe surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light then the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.Why does spinning make you dizzy?Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not!1. Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?A. Because their spines is in active use.B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.C. Because they keep growing backwards.D. Because their spine becomes more bent.2.Which of the following statements about our brain is TRUE?A.In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.B.When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.C.The brain of any other mammal is as complex as the human brain.D.Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.3.What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?A.Blue.B. Light yellow.C. Red.D. Dark reddish purple.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To give advice on how to stay healthy.B.To provide information about the human body.C.To challenge new findings in medical research.D.To report the latest discoveries in medical science.语篇3Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel’s example.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient’s illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration：everyfloor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses. In addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit’s nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.Beth Israe’s nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.1.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth IsraelHospital?A.The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.B.Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.C.The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.D.The primary nurse keeps records of the patient’s health conditions every day.2.It can be inferred from the passage that___________________.pared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patientB.in most hospitals nurses get lower salaries than nurses at Beth Israel HospitalC.patients at Beth Israel are taken better care of from the professional point of viewpared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital3. A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when ___________________.A.the present one is refused by the patientB.the patient complains about the present oneC.the present one proves to be ineffectiveD.the patient is found unwilling to cooperate4.The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former___________________..A.is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospitalB.has to arrange the work shifts of the unit’s nursesC.can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patientD.has full responsibility in the administration of the unit’s nurses语篇4About PISAThe Program for International Student Assessment ( PISA) is a triennial (每三年一次的) international survey which aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students. To date, students representing more than 70 economies have participated in the assessment.What makes PISA differentPISA is unique because it develops tests which are not directly linked to the school curriculum. The tests are designed to assess to what extent students at the end of compulsory education, can apply their knowledge to real life situations and be equipped for full participation in society. The information collected through background questionnaires also provides context which can help analysts interpret the results.What the assessment involvesSince the year 2000，every three years, fifteen-year-old students from randomly selected schools worldwide take tests in the key subjects：reading, mathematics and science, with a focus on one subject in each year of assessment. The students take a test that lasts 2 hours. The tests are a mixture of open-ended and multiple-choice questions that are organized in groups based on a passage setting out a real-life situation. A total of about 390 minutes of test items are covered. Students take different combinations of different tests.Additional PISA initiativesPISA-based Test for Schools (PTS)As interest in PISA has grown, school and local educators have been wanting to know how their individual schools compare with students and schools in education systems worldwide. To address this need, the OECD (The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) has developed the PISA-based test for schools. It is currently available in the United States and the OECD is in discussions with governments to make the test available in other countries such as England and Spain.1.PISA is different from other programmes because ___________________..A.its test is closely related to the school curriculumB.its test aims to assess whether students can solve real-life problemsC.its test can equip students for full participation in schoolD.test scores directly determine the analysis of the test2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Test-takers are carefully selected.B.Test-takers answer the same questions.C.Test-takers are tested on three key subjects.D.Test-takers spend about 390 minutes on the test.3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Students of all ages will be able to take PTS in the future.B.More countries are likely to have PTS in the future.C.School and local educators show little interest in PISA at present.D.PISA provides evaluation of the education system within a certain country.语篇5After retirement from the medical center, my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by swimming clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island，I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages (小屋）. The “lifestyle” of many of the native islanders stood in sharp contrast to my comfortable existence.By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed shocking to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words，which he had asked his children daily when they were young，rang in my head again: “What did you do for someone today?”Even though my father had died several years before, I guess I still didn5t want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea, so long as they could be re-licensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators (议员) to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.The town donated land, local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends decorating the building that would become the clinic. We named it V olunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 2005, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5,000 patient visits; last year we had 16,000.Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country, asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we could ——there are now 15 other clinics operating — but we couldn’t keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylenol. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country.1.What is the passage mainly about?A.The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island.B.The story of a man and his wife who likes to help others.C.The inspiration of a father’s words.D.The life and work of a retired physician.2.The purpose of V olunteers in Medicine is to___________________..A.help retired medical workers improve their incomesB.provide free medical services to those who need themC.urge the government to set up non-profit clinicsD.make the dream of the author’s father come true3.Which of the following has been done by the author himself?A.Buying the medical equipment.B.Finding the land and the office.C.Furnishing the building that could be put to use for the clinic.D.Getting a special license for the retired doctors.4.In the last paragraph，“I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil” impliesthat___________________..A.my father’s words finally spread to McNeilB.McNeil decided to do something for the needy peopleC.my father’s words had a great influence over McNeilD.McNeil was badly in need of professional advice from retired doctors语篇6In 1800, only three percent of the world’s population lived in cities. Only one city — Beijing — had a population of over a million. Most people living in rural areas never saw a city in their lives. In 1900, just a hundred years later, roughly 150 millionpeople lived in cities, and the world9s ten largest cities all had populations exceeding （超过）one million. By 2000, the numberof city dwellers (居住者)exceeded three billion; and in 2008，the world’s population crossed a tipping point — more than half of the people on Earth lived in cities. By 2050, that could increase to over two-thirds. Clearly, humans have become an urban species.In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many people viewed cities negatively ——crowded, dirty environments full of disease and crime. They feared that as cities got bigger, living conditions would worsen. In recent decades, however, attitudes have changed. Many experts now think urbanization ( 城市化) is good news，offering solutions to the problems of Earth’s growing population.Harvard economist Edward Glaeser, author of The Victory of the City ^ is one such person. Glaeser argues that cities are very productive because “the absence of space between people ” reduces the cost of transporting goods and ideas. While the flow of goods has always been important to cities, what is most important today is the flow of ideas. Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily, and attract and reward smart people with higher wages.Another urbanization supporter is environmentalist Stewart Brand. Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the world’s population to live on about four percent of the land. This leaves more space for open country, such as farmland. City dwellers also have less impact per person on the environment than people in the countryside. Their roads, sewers (污水管)，and power lines need fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light. Most importantly, people in cities drive less so they produce fewer greenhouse gases per person.So it’s a mistake to see urbanization as evil; it’s a natural part of development. The challenge is how to manage the growth.1.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A.The history of modem cities.B. Changes taking place within cities.C. How cities have grown over time.D. Why modem cities are changing.2.How have experts’ attitudes towards cities changed in recent decades?A.They now view the weaknesses as strengths.B.They no longer see city-living as attractive.C.They accept city life in spite of its problems.D.They think city-living provides more benefits.3.Which of the following would Edward Glaeser agree with?A.Cities provide more economic opportunities.B.City people get along better with each other.C.Over-crowded cities result in energy problems.D.Cities will most likely limit the flow of ideas,4.According to Paragraph 4, what would be the result of moving people out of cities?A.Economic production would be reduced.B. There would be less farmland available.C. People would travel less frequently.D. House values would fall greatly.语篇7Below is a page adapted from The Study Skills Handbook.The starting place for most research is the library. Join your school library as soon as possible and make the most of it.Library servicesFind out about the range of services available. Typically, there will be:◇academic journals◇specialist collections◇photocopiers◇laminators◇binding facilities◇computers◇CDs, DVDs, films, tapes, slides, and video resources◇silent areas and study rooms◇specialist resources for students with disabilities◇facilities for making audiovisual aids for your presentations◇support on how to use library facilities.Finding books in the library◇Fiction is arranged in alphabetical order (a-z) by author’s surnames.◇Reference books are arranged by subject. Each subject is given a number, which is shown on the spine of the book.◇All the books on a given subject are grouped together on the shelves.◇You can find a book’s reference number by looking it up in the library catalogue (目录).◇Most catalogues are now electronic. For more about electronic searches, see pages 148-52.It helps to find books if you already know:◇the author’s surname and initials◇the title of the book.Journals or periodicalsJournals or periodicals usually contain the latest research for your subject, as well as book reviews. Most journal articles have a short “abstract” at the beginning which tells you what the articles are about. Browsing through the abstracts and reviews helps to keep you up to date with the subject. You will be expected to refer to articles in most assignments.Journals are published at regular intervals during the year. They are collected into numbered volumes, usually one for each year. To find a journal article you need to know:◇the title of the journal, the year it was published and its volume number◇the name and initials of the article’s author◇the title of the article.。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第—学期应用文作文精讲及巩固练习(有答案)
应用文作文应用文是一种与日常生活、学习或工作密切相关, 实用性很强的文体, 包括书信(或电子邮件)、日记、通知、发言稿和读后感等, 每种类别的应用文都有各自的结构和行文特点。
（一）书信（电子邮件）书信通常包括商务信函和私人信函, 从内容方面包括求职或求学的申请信、批评或投诉抱怨信、建议信、祝贺或感谢或慰问信等。
书信是应用文中使用最广泛的文体。
其中建议信和申请信考察最频繁。
电子邮件与书信的格式差不多。
1、写作思路第一段：开门见山地说明写信的意图，即信的开头要交代事由。
第二段：交代对信中所反映的主要问题的看法和建议，不同内容可分段。
第三段：表达美好祝愿，期待对方回信。
2、写作模板Dear ,Learning/Hearing that____________, I’m now writing to extend a helping hand, hoping that my suggestions may be of great benefit to you to some extent.Frankly speaking, there is no denying that the following suggestions carried out, things would probably become much better. First and foremost, there is no doubt that you are supposed to___________________. Additionally, it goes without saying that it is beneficial for you to___________________. Last but not least, needless to say, if I were you, I would___________________________________.I genuinely hope that you will take my suggestions into consideration, and your prompt (迅速的) attention to my suggestions would be highly appreciated.Best wishes to you!Yours sincerely,Signature3、真题演练假设你是明启中学的王磊，你校学生会即将组织一次徒步活动，并在校园网公布了如下方案，征求师生的意见。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期科普说明文：气候地理类阅读巩固练习(有答案)
科普说明文：地理、气候类阅读巩固练习Passage 1Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (断层), which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, allowing smell of sulfur ($C\M) to filter upward.The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools. Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earthquakes is shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington, D.C.Scientists now know that America's two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches forward.The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; to some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions trigger earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.1.This passage is mainly about .A. the New Madrid fault in MissouriB. the San Andreas and the New Madrid faultsC. the causes of faultsD. current scientific knowledge about faults2.The New Madrid fault is .A. a horizontal faultB. a vertical faultC. a more serious fault than the San Andreas faultD. responsible for forming the Mississippi River3.We may conclude from the passage that.A.it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in CaliforniaB.the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in MissouriC.California will become an island in futureD. A big earthquake will occur to California soon4.This passage implies that .A.horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faultsB.Vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faultsC.Earthquakes occur only around fault areasD.California will break into pieces by an eventual earthquakePassage 2The massive 8.8 quake, the seventh strongest in recorded history, hit Chile (智利) and should have shortened the length of an Earth day by 1.26 milliseconds. More impressive is how much the quake shifted the Earth's axis (地轴).The computer model used to determine the effects of the Chile earthquake effect also found that it should have moved the Earth's figure axis by about 8 cm. The Earth's figure axis is not the same as its north-south axis, which Earth turns around once every day at a speed of about 1,604 kph. The figure axis is the axis around which the Earth's mass is balanced. It is offset (偏离)from the Earth's north-south axis by about 10 meters.Strong earthquakes can change Earth's days and its axis. The 9.1 Sumatran earthquake in2004, which set off a deadly tsunami , should have shortened Earth's days by 0.0068 milliseconds and shifted its axis by about 7cm.One Earth day is about 24 hours long. Over the course of a year, the length of a day normally changes gradually by one millisecond. It increases in the winter when Earth moves more slowly, and decreases in the summer.The Chile earthquake was much smaller than the Sumatran quake, but its effects on the Earth are larger because of its location. The fault responsible for the 2010 Chile quake also cuts through Earth at a larger angle than the Sumatran quake's fault. This makes the Chile fault more effective in moving the Earth's mass vertically and hence more effective in shifting the Earth's figure axis.The findings are based on early data available on the Chile earthquake. The Chile earthquake has killed more than 700 people and caused widespread damage in the South American country.1.What's the biggest problem caused by the Chile quake?A.It is the seventh strongest in recorded history.B.It should have shortened the length of an Earth day.C.It shifted the Earth's axis.D.It made the day longer on Earth.paring the Sumatran earthquake with the Chile earthquake, we know that.A.the Sumatran earthquake had more effect on EarthB.the location of the Chile earthquake is responsible for its larger effects on EarthC.the Sumatran earthquake was less destructiveD.the Chile earthquake fault changed the Earth's mass3.What does the word "It" in the 4th paragraph refer to?A. The length of a day.B. The axis.C. One millisecond.D. The change of the day.4.This article is most probably taken from. .A. A travel bookB. A fictionC. A science research reportD. A fashion journalPassage 3Many of the most damaging types of weather begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small areas while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Such event as a tornado struck the northeastern part of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado went beyond $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.Traditional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the slight atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at places separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, traditional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large areas than they do forecasting specific local events.Until recently, the observation intensive method needed for exact, very short-range forecasts, or "Nowcasts," was not possible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties concerned in rapidly collecting and processing the weather data from such a network were hard to overcome.Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems and satellites are all able to make detailed, nearly continuous observation over large areas at a lower cost. Communications satellites can send out data around the world cheaply and immediately, and modem computers can quickly collect and analyze this large amount of weather information.Meteorologists (气象学家^) and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment able to change weather data into words and graphic displays that forecasters can understand easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.1.Why can't traditional computer models predict short-lived local storms?A.The weather data people collect are often wrong.B.Detailed weather data in some small areas are not available.C.The computers are not advanced enough to predict them.D.The computers are not used to forecast specific local events.2.The word "Nowcast" in Paragraph 3 means.A. a network to collect storm dataB. a way of collecting weather dataC. a more advanced system of weather observationD. a forecast which can predict weather in the small area3.What can make "Nowcasts" a reality according to the passage?A.Scientific and technological advances.B.Advanced computer programs.puter scientists.D.Meteorologists.4.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The advantages of "Nowcasts".B. A tornado in Edmonton, Alberta.C.The difficulty in predicting tornado.D. A great development in weather forecast.Passage 4Two Earthquakes in Two Months:Comparing the Quakes in Haiti (海地) andChile (智利)Overview (概要) How do the earthquakes in Chile and Haiti compare? Here, students perform a gallery walk to learn more about the earthquakes from a specific point, and then do a specific research and presentation project or response activity. Finally, they seek answers to their unanswered questions.Materials Print copies of photographs, charts, documents and other visuals to display, as described below; computer (s) with Internet access (optional), research materials, handouts.Warm-up Choose and prepare a "gallery" of photographs, graphics, news reports and other materials to display around the room to enable students to consider the 2010 earthquake in Chile.Depending on course program, choose materials for the gallery that provide a window on the two quakes, through one of the following specific points, or the focus of your choice:Earthquakes through History Putting the 2010 Chilean and Haitian quakes into historical view related to other earthquakes, including the 1960 Chilean quake and the 2004 Asian earthquake and tsunami.Rescue and Aid Considering domestic and international response to the disasters by militaries, governments and aid organizations, including rescue and recovery as well as efforts to provide food, water, health care and shelter to those affected.Related The article Underwater Plate Cuts 400 Mile Gash compares several earthquakes:Mr. Lin figured that the quake on Saturday was 250 to 350 times more powerful than the Haitian quake.But Paul Caruso noted that at least on land, the effects of the Chilean tremor (断裂) might not be as bad. For one thing, he said, the quality of building construction is generally better in Chile than in Haiti. And the fact that the quake occurred offshore should also help limit the destruction. In Haiti, the rupture (断裂) occurred only a few miles from the capital, Port-au-Prince. The rupture on Saturday was centered about 60 miles from the nearest town, Chilian, and 70 miles from the country's second-largest city, Conception.Read the article using the following questions.Questions For discussion with others and reading comprehension:How does the 2010 Chilean earthquake compare to the 1960 Chilean earthquake?Why do scientists believe that the 2010 Chilean earthquake will not cause the same level of damage as January's Haitian earthquake did?How does the 2010 Chilean earthquake compare to the 2004 Indonesian earthquake?What reasons do scientists give to explain why the Indonesian quake caused so much more damage than the recent Chilean earthquake?1.We can infer that the article Underwater Plate Cuts 400 Mile Gash includes.A.the causes of the 2010 Chilean earthquake and the 1960 Chilean earthquakeB.the comparison between the 2010 Haitian and the 2004 Indonesian earthquakesC.the reason for the 2010 Chilean quake being more powerful than January's Haitian earthquakeD.the reason for less damage in the 2010 Chilean quake than in the 2004 Indonesian earthquake。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期翻译专项练习(有答案)
翻译专项练习（中考真题）（一）1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。
(accustomed)I'm accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep.2. 将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。
(be up to)It's up to you what kind of life you will lead in the future.3. 没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。
(than)There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel program.4. 家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。
(for fear)Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen.5. 虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。
(turn) While modern society, rich in material resources, has given consumers more choices, it also turns many of them into crazy shoppers.（二）1. 今年元旦我们玩得很开心。
(enjoy)We enjoyed ourselves this New Year’s Day this year.2. 舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我18岁生日。
(congratulate)My uncle sent me a card to congratulate me on my eighteenth birthday yesterday.3. 经过多年的建设，这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第—学期一轮复习-完型填空(有答案)
高考一轮复习-完形填空下列短文中每个空格有A，B，C，D四个选项，根据上下文选择一个最佳答案。
完形填空1When Chico Max decided to mount an exhibition of photographs of recent immigrants to Brazil, he had a harder time finding subjects than he expected. That is___1_____just 600,000 of the 204 m people living in the country are foreign-born. The small pool of potential sitters surprised Mr. Max. ____2____everyone in Brazil is descended from immigrants or African slaves; only the United States has a bigger non-indigenous population. The country’s president is the daughter of a Bulgarian; the vice-president has a road ___3_____ him in Lebanon. All of Mr. Max’s grandparents came from Portugal between the two world wars. As the title of his show this month in Sao Paulo proclaimed，“We are all____4____”.Yet Brazil’s foreign-born population ____5____ at 73% of the total at the start of the 20th century and has been dwindling ever since. It is now a fifth of Latin America’s low average and a fraction of that in melting pots like the United States. That is a ____6____. Brazil needs millions of well-qualified workers____7____ its mediocre schools are not providing them. ____8____ more immigration, analysts warn, Brazil faces a “skills blackout”.Some of the reasons for which migrants shun Brazil are obvious. It is not a rich country. Its language, Portuguese, is not widely spoken elsewhere. Yet Argentina, with a fifth of Brazil’s population and an equally troubled____9____, attracts more than double the number of newcomers — about 280,000 people a year, mostly poor laborers from other Spanish-speaking countries. They could easily master enough____10___to work in Brazil, although they would not solve the skills shortage.They do not come because Brazil needlessly ____11____ additional roadblocks. Its legislation on immigration is “anachronistic (不合时代的)”，admits BetoVasconcelos, who handles the issues at the justice ministry in Brasilia. The main law dealing with immigration, enacted by generals who ruled from 1964 to 1985, _____12___ foreigners as a menace to national security and to Brazilian workers. It ____13____ non-Brazilians from taking part in political rallies, owning stakes in newspapers or participating actively in trade unions.It also imposes cumbersome (麻烦的)conditions on foreign workers. Securing a work permit can ___14_____ months and cost thousands of dollars in legal and administrative fees. Most work visas are tied to an employer, so changing a job requires starting the ____15____process from scratch. Brazil’s enlightened refugee law, by contrast, grants asylum-seekers a work permit within第1页/ 共28页a week of arrival, free of charge.1. A.why B.because C what D.since2. A.Nearly B.Hardly C.Rarely D.Scarcely3. A.instead of d after C.regardless of D.celebrated with4. A.human beings B.immigrants C slaves D.citizens5. A.lowered B.peaked C.tightened D.strengthened6. A. problem B.puzzle C.surprise D.headache7. A.therefore B.otherwise C.but D.although8. A.With B.Besides C.Except D.Without9. A.economy B.reason nguage 10. A.English B.Spanish C.Portuguese D.French11. A.put out B.put up C.put down D.put forward12. A.serves B.thinks C.treats D.welcomes13. A.supports B.bars C.establishes D.warns14. A.take B.demand C.spend D.require15. A.application B.legal C.working D.immigration完形填空2Only a naive sports fan would be shocked by a new round of doping allegations. In cycling’sTour de France from 1998 -2013, 38% of the top-ten f inishers were____1____for using performance-enhancing drugs, and a ____2____ of track-and-field athletes’ blood test results earlier this year showed that around one-seventh were “highly suggestive of doping” . Yet the report on Russian athletes published on November 9th by the World Anti-Doping Agency still represents a new kind of ___3_____— or, more precisely, a very old one. __4______merely citing第2页/ 共28页individual athletes, WADA claims that Russia has maintained an organized___5____doping programme of the sort that was thought to have ended with the cold war.Russia first found itself in WADA’s cross-hairs last December, when a German TV station aired _____6___ of rampant PED use. In June the agency noted that Russia led the world in PED violations in 2013, with 11.5% of the global total. But once its investigators started ____7____, what they found was “worse than we thought”, said Dick Pound, the report’s co-author and a former WADA president. “It may be a residue（残余）of the ___8_____ Soviet Union system. ’’The report’s main smoking gun (确凿证据) ___9_____Sergey Portugalov, the chief medicalofficer of the All-Russian Athletics Federation. In an e-mail, he ____10____ Y uliya Stepanova, a runner, to increase her use of ____11____ testosterone( 睾丸素). Ms Stepanova later secretly recorded her coach, Vladimir Mokhnev, while he allegedly gave her PEDs. The report also ____12____ Dr. Portugalov of directly delivering injections of banned substances to athletes, though it does not provide specifics. Dr. Porugalov could not be reached for comment.In addition, WADA has levelled wider allegations of u direct intimidation and interference by the Russian state'' to____13____ doping. Many of the claims, such as assertions that Russia hadset up a “pre-screening” lab to filter out positive tests，seem to rely on hearsay. But the agency did _____14___ statements of guilt from people involved in the cover-up. Staff at a WADA-accredited lab in Moscow told investigators that its director, Grigory Rodchenkov，had ordered them to get rid of some sample. Mr. Rodchenkov, who resigned on November 10th, admitted himself that he had destroyed 1,417 test results before an inspection in 2014. And Liliya Shobukhova,a marathon runner, acknowledged paying €450,000 to ARAF in exchange for the destruction of samples that tested _____15___.1. A.praised B. punished C. shocked D.charged2. A.demonstration B. leak C. publication D.title3. A.affair B. rumour C. scandal D.incident4. A.Other than B. Except for C. Rather than D.Apart from5. A.international B. national C. external D.internal6. A.congratulationsB. accusations C. quarrels D.honours7. A.digging B. leveling C. pulling D.drawing8. A.novel B. wonderful C. old D.energetic第3页/ 共28页9. A.involves B. contains C. includes D.occupies10. A.prevented B. encouraged C. recommended D.introduced11. eful B. useless C. legal D.banned12. A.accused B. blamed C. charged D.criticized13. A.condemn B. conceal C. reveal D.expose14. A.make B. obtain C. deny D.admit15. A.negative B. positive C. neutral D.ordinary完形填空3I am on holiday in Bavaria, where, in between the beer and schnitzels, I have been contemplating the nature of trust. A rather old-fashioned guest house happily took our reservation and let us run up a bill of nearly €1 ,000 without ever ____1____more than a signature. Not for the Bavarians the pre-authorized credit card. Our room keys were stored in an unlocked cabinet in a quiet corridor, along with the keys of every other guest in the place. It made me ____2____ why anyone was bothering with keys in the first place. Nevertheless, our belongings were not stolen and we paid our _____3___ when we left. The trust had been justified.Since Germany is one of the most successful ____4____ in the world and Bavaria is one of the most successful economies in Germany, the thought did cross my ____5____that trust might be one of the secrets of economic success. Steve Knack, an economist at the World Bank with a long-standing interest in trust, once told me that if one takes a broad enough view of____6___, “itwould explain basically all the difference between the per capita income of the United States and Somalia”. In other words，without trust — and its vital complement, trustworthiness — there is no____7____ of economic development.Simple activities become arduous in a low-trust society. How can you be sure you won9t be robbed on the way to the comer store? Hire a___8_____? (Can you trust him?) The watered- down milk is in a locked fridge. As for something more complex like arranging a mortgage, forget about it.Prosperity not only requires trust, it also____9____it. Why bother to steal when you are第4页/ 共28页already comfortable? An example of poverty breeding____10____ comes from Colin Turnbull’s ethnographic (人种学的）study The Mountain People (1972)，about the Ik，a displaced tribe ravaged by Ugandan drought in the 1960s. If Turnbull’s account is itself ___11_____(it may not be), in the face of extreme hunger, the Ik had abandoned any pretence at ethical behaviour and would lie, cheat and steal whenever possible. Parents would ___12_____ their own children，and children betray their own parents. Turnbull’s story had a horrific logic. The Ik had no hope of a future, so they saw no need to protect their_____13___ for fair dealing.One of the underrated achievements of the modem world has been to develop ways to____14____ the circle of trust by depersonalizing it. Trust used to be a very personal thing：you would trust your friends or friends of friends. But when I withdrew €400 from a cash machine, it was not because the bank ____15____ me but because it could verify that my bank would repay the money. This is a cold corporate miracle.1. A. putting B. demanding C. giving D. writing2. A. wonder B. confuse C. puzzle D. realize3. A. taxes B. bills C. duties D. tips4. A. developers B. economies C. pioneers D. leaders5. A. soul B. mind C. spirits D. heart6. A. trust B. fame C. relation D. bond1. A. destination B. prospect C. necessity D. fortune8. A. helper B. servant C. bodyguard D. keeper9. A. popularizes B. encourages C. stimulates D. accompanies10. A. temper B. mistrust C. anger D. worry11. A. trustworthy B. funny C. wrong D. interesting12. A. await B. abandon C. allow D. alleviate13. A. tribe B. country C. reputation D. race第5页/ 共28页完形填空4Samsung has launched a high-end “phablet”，that competes with BlackBerry on security features prized by business users, while out-innovating Apple with an iris-scanning feature.The Galaxy Note 7 is being introduced against a backdrop of ____1____ smartphone sales growth that the South Korean company has handled better than its rivals, with its mobile sales last month __2______its best quarterly results in more than two years.The Note 7 smartphone, with its supersized 5. 7-inch screen, is the first mass-market Android phone to ____3____ a retina scanner. ____4____ unlocking users’ phones, the iris scanning can also be used to authenticate purchases through the Samsung Pay service.David Lowes，Samsung Europe senior vice-president，said the company wanted to “ show that we are the mobile company that takes ___5_____really seriously”.The focus on security ___6_____Black Berry’s efforts to reinvigorate its enterprise handset business by____7____ “the world’s most secure Android smartphone” last week.Samsung also hopes to____8____ younger users with entertainment features such asHDR video streaming, while changes to the camera make it easier to take selfies with one hand.The company is ____9____ users who ‘‘have found a work-life blend”，according to Mr. Lowes. “Previously at Samsung we maybe focused very much on the technology or durability parts of the device，but now I think we’ve brought the __10______ in as well，” he added•Differentiating its products on more than just the strength of its technology is becoming___11_____important for Samsung, as it faces growing competition in the Android market and the continuing ____12____from the iPhone9s superior app offerings.Privately owned Chinese group Huawei has ____13____ from producing cheap white-label phones to launching its own premium handsets, and has publicly proclaimed its desire to unseat Apple and Samsung in global____14____sales.Fellow Chinese company Xiaomi is also looking to _____15___overseas，and recently bought some 1,500 patents from Microsoft to boost its ability to fend off lawsuits.1. A. increasing B.slowing C. decending D.rising2. A. encouraging B.driving C. pushing D.raising3. A. introduce B.market C. install D.feature第6页/ 共28页4. A. Rather than B.Except for C. Other than D.As well as5. A. security B.production C. sales D.service6. A. reflects B.echoes C. responds D.showcases7. A. launching B.releasing C. relieving D.pushing8. A. absorb B.attract C. focus D.seduce9. A. attempting. B. targeting C. producing D. establishing10. A. ability B. creativity C. desirability. reality11. A. increasingly B. sharply C. decreasingly D. largely12.A. challenge B. confrontation C. battle D. war13. A. enrolled B. graduated C. researched D. explored14. A. smartphone B. television C. computer D. scanner15. A. reach B. expand C. open D. enlarge完形填空5The number of calories eaten in Britain is being undercounted by up to 50 per cent, creating confusion over growing obesity levels.The Behavioral Insights Team (BIT), a part-privatised government agency, said national surveys are not ___1_____ the changes in the way food is eaten, particularly snacking outside the home.‘‘ Such a large _____2___ of calorie intake could misinform the policy debate and lead to less effective strategies to _____3___ the current national obesity crisis.”It ___4_____ that people are likely to under-report the amount they eat, both deliberately and unconsciously, and that fewer overweight people are ____5____ recording the amount they eat in surveys.BIT questioned the 40-year trend in official statistics that has shown a steep___6_____ in calorie consumption, even as obesity has increased.Obesity in the UK is the highest it has ever been and is putting a growing ___7____ on the第7页/ 共28页finances of the National Health Service, its head, Simon Stevens, has said, because of the_____8___of treating obesity-related illnesses, such as type 2 diabetes.He has repeatedly____9____ the government to take measures to combat obesity and has____10____the food and drink industry for using too much sugar.The government has said it will___11_____a sugar tax on sugary carbonated drinks in 2018and is planning to publish a strategy to __12______childhood obesity.The food and drink industry has tried to deflect criticism by pointing to the official data which implies that people are getting fatter___13_____they are exercising less.The report refutes this, saying that reductions in physical activity do not provide a realistic____14____ for the rise in obesity rates over the last 40 years”.Its findings imply that calorie consumption has not decreased significantly over time and that attempts to get people to exercise _____15___ should not distract from the central message that people need to eat less in order to lose weight.1. A.avoiding B.capturing C.making D.illustrating2. A.underestimate B.underachievement C.understatement D.understanding3. A.change bat C.cause D.face4. A.said B. told C. added D. informed5. A.gladly B. willingly C. accurately D. carefully6. A.rise B. decline C. reach D. position7. A.task B. trouble C. burden D. question8. A.value B. cost C. price D. profit9. A.called in B. called on C. called off D. called out10. A.asked B. criticized C. urged D. punished11. A.introduce B. put C. lay D. issue12. A.tackle B. lighten C. manage D. kill第8页/ 共28页13. A.while B. when C. after D. because14. A.state B. explanation C. reason D. fact15. A.willingly B. regularly C. less D. more完形填空6More than a third of international students say they are now less likely to study at a UK university following last month’s vote to leave the EU，a survey has found.Of 1,014 students____1____this month by Hobsons International, a careers advisory service, 30 per cent said they were less likely to study in the UK, ____2____6% said they would definitely not study in the UK as a result of the vote.Many UK universities have embarked on ___3_____ expansion plans that are reliant on high fees from overseas students, who typically pay twice as much as ___4_____ students. Hobson’s said 83 per cent of respondents were from outside the EU.Income from international students is forecast to reach £4. 2bn in the next academic year and £4. 6bn in 2017 -2018，and is the biggest____5____ of revenue growth for universities, according to the Higher Education Funding Council for England.Universities increased their spending on new buildings 43 per cent in the past six months compared with the previous year. _____6___ have been awarded for £ 1.5bn of projects, five of which are worth more than £ 50m each. A____7____£ 2bn of contracts is planned between 2017 and 2020, according to Barbour ABI, the construction analysts.Some students cited a less welcoming environment and a ( n) ____8____ in racist attacks since the referendum. One respondent said People have become so racist and with all the ongoing circumstances, I’d not feel_____9___ there. ’’Reported hate crimes rose 57 per cent in the weekend after the referendum, and the National Police Chiefs’ Council said last week that 6，293 such _____10___ had been reported to the police between mid-June and mid-July.Jeremy Cooper, managing director of Hobsons in Europe, said Market conditions for international student recruitment look set to toughen and universities need to send a clear第9页/ 共28页__11______that the UK welcomes international students, as well as providing practical guidance and support.”Almost two-thirds of students surveyed felt it would become____12____ for them to obtain a visa, while almost half_____13___ it would become more difficult to get a job in the UK after graduating.Among ___14_____ who said(英国脱欧）made it more likely that they would come to the UK to study, 43 per cent said it was____15____ the fall in the value of the pound would make it cheaper.1. A.investigated B. surveyed C. found D.inquired2. A.when B. as C. while D.since3. A.ambitious B. available C. accessible D.affordable4. A.domestic B. international C. internal D.external5. A.source B. origin C. resource D.root6. A.Deals B. Businesses C. Plans D.Contracts7. A.little B. further C. more D.few8. A.decline B. increase C. drop D.addition9. A.depressed B. dangerous C. safe D.excited10. A.crimes B. incidents C. affairs D.events11. A.reminder B. report C. message D.research12. A.easier B. impossible C. harder D.more likely13. A.expected B. forecast C. warmed D.imagined14. A.those B. these C. themselves D.universities15. A.as B. since C. for D.because完形填空7第10页/ 共28页For a field supposedly starved of talent, data science seems to have been minting（造就）a lot of new experts in a hurry.The depth of interest was on display this week in San Francisco, where 1,600 people_____1___ for a data science summit ____2____ by Turi, a company run by University of Washington machine learning professor Carlos Guestrin.Mr. Guestrin argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists ——people trained to analyse large bodies of information 一key workers in this____3____ “cognitive” technology economy. Whether or not his argument is right, there is ____4____ a core of critical applications that ____5____ machine learning, led by recommendation programmes, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behaviour.The adaptation of what was until recently the preserve of research scientists into production-grade business applications could point to a ___6_____ change in corporate competitiveness. The companies ____7____ their skills in data science and machine learning at the Turi event — including Uber, Pinterest and Quora — were all born in the digital era.Some companies that grew up in the analogue (模拟数据的)world, such as Walmart，are also _____8___ massively in this field, says Anthony Goldbloom, chief executive of Kaggle, a company that runs online data science competitions. But he predicts that they are unlikely ever to catch up with Amazon and its like, which have a ____9____ start and are moving fast. Repeated across different sectors, that could point to wholesale change in industry leadership as intelligent systems take a more central role.One factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to ___10_____$ 150m a year on a single___11_____— its movie recommendation system — and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into ____12____, says a person familiar with itsapplications.Many companies that were born digital — particularly internet outfits that have a lot of real time customer interactions to mine — are all-in ____13____ it comes to data science. Pinterest，for instance, ___14_____ more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly deals with requests from managers eager to use this resource to _____15___ their business problems, says Jure Leskovec, its chief scientist.1. A.turned up B. turned down C. turned in D.turned out第11页/ 共28页2. A.created B. organized C. opened D.popularized3. A.increasing B. rising C. ascending D.emerging4. A.already B. rarely C. nearly D.almost5. A.consist of B. come from C. depend on D.lead to6. A.minor B. profound C. little D.neutral7. A.showing off B. showing around C. showing through D.showing up8. A.investing B. pouring C. benefiting D.drawing9. A.head B. first C. late st10. A.cost B. spend C. take D.consume11. A.machine B. program C. application D.project12. A.thinking B. account C. being D.imagination13. A.while B. as C. when D.until14. A.produces B. sells C. introduces D.maintains15. A.cause B. tackle C. keep D.face完形填空8There are Methuselahs (年岁极高的老人)among us. These aged wonders of the natural world do not stalk the earth but glide through Arctic waters. Scientists surveying Greenland sharks，previously thought to live up to 200 years, found that they have far___1_____lifespans.One specimen was calculated, give or take a century, to be ___2_____400 years old, born more than a century before the U. S. was founded.The discovery, reported last week in the journal Science y is a record for a vertebrate (脊柱动物）, and potentially gives help to those____3____ the secrets of longevity. Anti-ageing enthusiasts insist that life is merely the absence of the processes that lead to death, and that human lifespan could be____4____ dramatically. Their philosophy is to treat ageing as a disease ：treat the disease and life need not end.第12页/ 共28页Sharks and rays usually ____5____ their ages through the calcium deposits laid down each year in hard structures such as fins, but Greenland sharks, the largest fish in northern waters, have no such ____6____. Instead, researchers, presented with 28 females caught accidentally infishing nets, looked to sharks’ eye lenses. Tissues formed in the lens at birth remain unchanged；its radiocarbon (a radioactive isotope of carbon) content can be____7____to the known levels of radiocarbon in the marine environment stretching back 500 years. In effect, a shark’s eye lens contains a radiocarbon time-stamp of its birth.An international team，led by academics at the University of Copenhagen, showed that the largest sharks — one stretched to 5 m ——were generally the oldest, with one ____8____ at about 392 years old. The females are estimated to reach sexual maturity at 156. Their eyes also____9____a sobering window on human history: the lenses of the youngest fishes contained a“bomb pulse”，a distinctive radiocarbon signature ____10____ nuclear weapons testing.The study intones，rightly, that we should guard these centenarians of the deep; their leisurely ____11____of maturity and reproduction has obvious consequences for conservation. But it also shows there are potentially many longer-lived species than_____12___, raising questions anew about whether there really is any natural bar to humans living for centuries. After all, life expectancy has been rising for decades _____13___ we conquer the challenges — malnutrition, disease, war, mishap — that hasten our passing. Three centuries ago, a person would be hard pushed to____14____40; some scientists think those born today stand a fighting____15____ of reaching 150.1. A.shorter B. longer C. smaller D.bigger2. A.rarely B. barely C. constantly D.nearly3. A.paying attention to B. searching for C. dedicating to D.reaching for4. A.expanded B. stretched C. extended D.kept5. A.conceal B. reveal C. exhibit D.illustrate6. A.structures B. parts C. vessels D.functions7. A.exposed B. matched C. opposed D.related8. A.calculated B. valued C. dated D.evaluated9. A.give B. show C. build D.provide第13页/ 共28页10. A.resulting from B. resulting in C. leading to D.relying on11. A.rate B. ratio C. pace D.chance12. A.humans B. animals C. species anisms13. A.for B. although C. after D.as14. A. reach B. arrive C. get D. experience15. A. goal B. dream C. chance D. aim完形填空9Where does the drive to succeed come from? And if it ____1____ exceptional achievement(as defined by external norms such as power, status and wealth) does that have to go ___2_____ with being a troubled person?The latest evidence suggests that genes play little part and that nurture (后天培养)is_____3___, whether it be carrot or stick. In my case, _____4___, purely because I was the only boy with three sisters, I was treated completely differently by my father. Despite my repeated___5_____ at school, he constantly encouraged me to see myself as clever and I eventually did OK. He gave no such ____6____ to my sisters in their academic careers (fortunately, my mum did).I would go so far as to say that, had I been __7______ at conception（受孕）with one of my sisters, she would be writing these words. Each person’s ___8_____ history, starting before birth, sets them on particular ____9____, explaining why brothers and sisters differ.At the simplest level, performance is nurtured through teaching — for good or ill. I can teach my son his tables(乘法口诀表）but, ____10____, if I am a pickpocket by ____11____, show him how to do that.Then there is modelling. My driving is shamefully disobeying traffic regulations ( _____12___my father’s example) — perhaps my children will model that or perhaps they will______13__ my wife’s hard-working lawful approach. That ____14____our family vigor — perhaps my son will follow me；my daughter her mother. Which brings us to identification, in which the child makes the parent’s ____15____a part of themselves.1. A.results in B. picks up C. makes of D.grows up第14页/ 共28页2. A.face to face B. step by step C. hand in hand D.on the spot3. A.serious B. satisfactory C. major D.critical4. A.as a result B. for instance C. however D.otherwise5. A.victory B. failure C. performance D.practice6. A.encouragement B. speech C. improvement D.honor7. A.lived B. related C. compared D.exchanged8. A.mature B. important C. especial D.unique9. A.paths B. accesses C. traces D.zones10. A.additionally B. consequently C. equally D.interestingly11. A.profession B. nature C. birth D.accident12. A.set up B. learned from C. took out D.returned to13. A.support B. oppose C. dislike D.copy14. A.focuses on B. depends on C. starts up D.follows up完形填空l0In office jobs，there’s one foolproof way to avoid being burdened with certaintime-consuming tasks:develop a _____1___ for being rubbish at them. Act angrily and shocked around the coffee machine, or a jammed printer, and you’ll soon find nobody asks you to ___2_____ it next time around. There’s a broader (and less passive-aggressive) point here, about managing expectations in general: they’re ____3____ we’re judged by — so setting them too high is a recipe for being too ____4____.Hofstadter’s law, created by the cognitive scientist Douglas Hofstadter, states that things always take longer than you think — “ even when you take into _____5___ Hofstadter’s Law ” .___6____: you just will underestimate how much time a task requires, even when you know that’s what you always do and try to plan ___7____. The best solution, if possible, is regularly第15页/ 共28页。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期期期中巩固练习(三) 有答案
高三上学期期中巩固练习（三）Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Mystery of the White Gardenia（Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia栀子花was delivered to my house.No card or note came with it. ）…I don’t remember ever slamming my door ( 21 )________ anger at her and shouting,” you just don’t understand!”, ( 22 )____________ she did understand.One month before my high-school graduation, my father died of a heart attack. My feelings ranged from grief to abandonment, fear and ( 23 )_________( overwhelm ) anger that my dad was missing some of the most important events in my life. I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior-class play and the prom正式舞会. But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, ( 24 )_______not hear of my skipping any of those things.The day before my father died, my mother and I ( 25 ) ____________ ( go ) shopping for a prom dress. We’d found a spectacular one, with yards and yards of dotted Swiss in red, white and blue, ( 26 ) _______ made me feel like Scarlett O’ Hara, ( 27 )________it was the wrong size. When my father died, I forgot about the dress.My mother didn’t. The day before the prom, I found that dress---in the right size---draped majestically over the living-ro om sofa. It wasn’t just delivered, still in the box. It was presented to me---beautifully, artistically, lovely. I didn’t care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother did.She wanted her children to feel （28 ）_______ ( love ) and lovable, creative and imaginative, imbued with a sense （29 ）_______ there was magic in the world and beauty even in the face of adversity. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see （30 ）________ much like the gardenia---lovely, strong and perfect---with an aura of magic and perhaps a bit of mystery.My mother died ten days after I married. I was 22 years old. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Poetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer ____31____. Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it ____32____to both emotions and senses.Sound is ____33____ the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each _____34____ word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can oft en hear this ____35____ pattern, or “beat,” in the sounds. This is called meter.Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public _____36____ and religious ceremonies. The great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually ____37____ Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid around 200r 30 BCE. In medieval times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante, and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the ____38___ of choice for many poets at that time.Poetry _____39____ even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of ____40____ expression in modern times.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When a human infant is born into any other community in any part of the world it has two things incommon with any infant, ____41____neither of them has been ____42____in any way either before or during birth.Firstly, and most obviously, new born children are completely ____43____. Apart from a powerful capacity to draw attention on their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing the new born child can do to ____44____ his own survival. Without ____45____ from some other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked contrast with the ____46____ of many new born animals to get to their ____47____ within minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young animals are certainly in danger, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, compared with the human infant, they very quickly develop the capacity to ____48____ for themselves. It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally ____49____ on the others that it reveals second ____50____ which it shares with all other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn ____51____.For this reason, biologists now suggest that language is “species specific特有的；特定的” to the human race, that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetically ____52____ in such a way that it can ____53____ language. This suggestion implies that just as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just as they are designed to ____54____ upright rather than to move on all fours so they are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal ____55____ as well-formed human beings.41. A. provided B. assume C. promised D. predicted42. A. unprotected B. hurt C. damaged D. unhealthy43. A. ignorant B. unknown C. inexperienced D. helpless44. A. ensure B. assure C. emphasize D. solidify45. A. love B. affection C. care D. attention46. A. possibility B. capacity C. try D. attempt47. A. arms B. body C. feet D. limbs48. A. feed B. defend C. protect D. prevent49. A. dependent B. based C. focused D. operated50. A. ability B. feature C. aspect D. specialty51. A. walking B. feeding C. language D. racing52. A. programmed B. set C. arranged D. born53. A. get B. learn C. speak D. acquire54. A. sit B. walk C. stand D. move55. A. abilities B. development C. performance D. behaviorSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AMen of HonorA knight was a mounted warrior of medieval Europe who served a king or other feudal superior, usually in return for land. Knighthood was taken quite seriously and had to be earned.At about the age of eight, a boy would begin training in preparation for knighthood. This young trainee, known as a page(男侍者), would train with mentors to learn about horses, armor, and weapons. Pages practiced fighting with a sword against a wooden stake and learned to skillfully use a bow and arrow. The lady of the castle taught a young page about manners and social graces, as well as how to sing, play instruments, and dance. A priest might give a page religious training and teach him to read and write.By the age of fourteen, the page would become a squire（护卫）. A squire was responsible for dressing a knight for battles and tournaments and taking care of the knight's armor and weapons. He would even follow his master on the battlefield to protect him if the knight fell.A squire had to gain skill in using a lance, spear, or sword, so he would practice against a wooden dummy called a quintain（枪靶）. The quintain and a shield were hung on a wooden pole, and when hit, the whole structure would spin. The squire would learn to ride up and hit the shield's center, but then quickly move out of the way without getting hit and knocked off his horse by the quintain.At about age twenty, a squire was finally prepared to be called a knight, which involved an extended ceremony. On the evening before becoming a knight, the squire confessed his sins to a priest, was given a symbolic bath, and then fasted in order to cleanse his soul. The squire would dress all in white and stay in a chapel all night praying and watching over his weapons and armor.In the morning, the squire would dress in symbolically-colored clothing: red for his blood, white for purity, and brown for his return to the earth after death. At his induction ([in'dʌkʃən] 入会仪式), the knight swore a code of chivalry, which required him always to be brave, loyal, courteous, and to protect the defenseless. Knighthood was granted by the overlord with an accolade, during which the new knight was tapped on the shoulders or neck with the flat side of the sword.If this new knight ever broke his vows or acted dishonorably, he would be stripped of his knighthood in another ceremony, in which he was "buried." In the Middle Ages, a knight without honor was considered as good as dead.56.What were the responsibilities of a squire?A.Practicing fighting with a sword and using a bow and arrow skillfully.B.Looking after his own weapons and learning manners from the Lady of the castle.C.Confessing his sin and praying for his mentors.D.Dressing a knight for battles or competitions and protecting him.57.What does the underlined word “ chivalry” mean ?A.the noble spirits a knight possessesB.the tough task a knight has to finishC.the high goal a knight must achieveD.the military discipline a knight should obey58.If a knight were to betray the king, what do you think might happen?A. He would be sentenced to death.B. He would be robbed of his title.C. He would be forced to leave Court.D. His land would be returned to the King.59.Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?A. A knight had to be highly born.B. A knight had gone through different stages of training to become a KNIGHT.C. A knight was militarily skillful but not necessarily literate.D. Knighthood started in the Medieval Ages and existed only in England.BReading Your MindModern technology allows scientists to look inside a living human brain to see what is happening. These procedures are safe and painless. By understanding the normal brain activity, doctors and scientists are better able to assess the brain’s behavior duri ng times of injury, disease, and mental illness.CT or CAT scans: Computed tomography (CT) or computerized axial tomography(CAT) shows images of the brain by passing multiple X-ray beams through the brain tissue. CT or CAT scans show a cross-section of the brain. These scans can be used to find brain tumors.MRI scans: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses powerful magnet to cause the atoms of the brain to shake. MRI sensors pick up the signals emitted ([i'mit]发出) from the brain’s atoms and a computer interprets them as a picture. MRIs show more detail than CT or CAT scans can. They are especially useful in finding brain tumors that grow on the back of the brain, between the ears.PET scans: Positron emission tomography (PET) is different from other scans because it shows how the brain functions. After a person’s bloodstream is injected with a small dose of glucose (['glu:kəus]【生化】葡萄糖), which is what gives the brain energy, scanners around the head detect where the glucose moves. The PET scan shows which part of the brain use a lot of glucose, which are the more active parts. PET scans are helpful for diagnosing strokes,studying mental illness, and learning how the brain process language.Positron Emission Tomography scan Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanComputed Axial Tomography Scan uses powerful magnets to make the atoms of the brain shakeShows which parts of the brain use a lot of glucoseHelpful for diagnosing strokesUseful for finding brain tumors that grow on the back of the brain, between the earsshows how the brain functionsshows images of the brain by passing multiple X-ray beams through the brain tissue60.How can doctors and scientistsunderstand the brain’s reaction to injury, disease, or mental illness?A.By contrasting/comparing it with normal brain activities.B.By passing the X-Ray beams through the brain tissue.C.By picking up the signals emitted from the brain’s atoms.D.By being injected with glucose and detecting where it moves.61.By Which two scans mentioned are helpful for diagnosing brain tumors?A. CT / CAT and PETB. MRI and PETC. CT/CAT and MRID. CT and CAT62. If a person suffers from defect in speaking, which scan will a doctor be mostlikely to suggest?A. CT / CATB. MRIC. PETD. Any one of themCThe psychology of innovationWhy are so few companies truly innovative?Innovation is key to business survival, and companies put substantial resources into inspiring employees to develop new ideas. There are, nevertheless, people working in luxurious, state-of-the-art centers designed to stimulate innovation who find that their environment doesn’t make them feel at all creative. And there are those who don’t have a budget, or much space, but who innovate successfully.For Robert B. Cialdini, Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University, one reason that companies don’t succeed as often as they should is that innovation starts with recruitment. Research shows that the fitbetween an employee’s values and a company’s valu es makes a difference to what contribution they make and whether, two years after they join, they’re still at the company.One of the most famous photographs in the story of rock’n’rollemphasizesCialdini’s views. The 1956 picture of singers Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis jamming at a piano in Sun Studios in Memphis tells a hidden story. Sun’s ‘million-dollar quartet’ could have been a quintet. Missing from the picture is Roy Orbison, a greater natural singer than Lewis, Perkins or Cash. Sam Phillips, who owned Sun, wanted to revolutionize popular music with songs that fused black and white music, and country and blues. Presley, Cash, Perkins and Lewis instinctively understood Phillips’s ambition and believed in it. Orbison wasn’t inspired by the goal, and only ever achieved one hit with the Sun label.Managing innovation is a delicate art. It’s easy for a company to be pulled in conflicting directions as the marketing, product development, and finance departments each get different feedback from different sets of people. And without a system which ensures collaborative exchanges within the company, it’s also easy for small ‘pockets of innovation’ to disappear. Innovation is a contact sport. You can’t brief people just by saying, ‘We’re going in this direction and I’m going to take you with me.’Cialdini believes that this ‘follow-the-leader syndrome’ is dangerous, not least because it encourages bosses to go it alone. ‘It’s been scientifically proven that three people will be bette r than one at solving problems, even if that one person is the smartest person in the field.’ To prove his point, Cialdini cites an interview with molecular biologist James Watson. Watson, together with Francis Crick, discovered the structure of DNA, the g enetic information carrier of all living organisms. ‘When asked how they had cracked the code ahead of an array of highly accomplished rival investigators, he said something that stunned me. He said he and Crick had succeeded becausethey were aware that th ey weren’t the most intelligent of the scientists pursuing the answer. The smartest scientist was called Rosalind Franklin who, Watson said, “was so intelligent she rarely sought advice”.’Writing, visualizing and prototyping can stimulate the flow of new ideas. Cialdini cites scores of research papers and historical events that prove that even something as simple as writing deepens every individual’s engagement in the project. It is, he says, the reason why all those competitions on breakfast cereal packet s encouraged us to write in saying, in no more than 10 words: ‘I like Kellogg’s Corn Flakes because… .’ The very act of writing makes us more likely to believe it.Authority doesn’t have to inhibit innovation but it often does. Many theorist believe the id eal boss should lead from behind, taking pride in collective accomplishment and giving credit where it is due. Cialdini says: ‘Leaders should encourage everyone to contribute and simultaneously assure all concerned that every recommendation is important t o making the right decision and will be given full attention.’ The frustrating thing about innovation is that there are many approaches, but no magic formula. However, a manager who wants to create a truly innovative culture can make their job a lot easier by recognizing these psychological realities.63. The example of the ‘million-dollar quartet’ underlines the writer’s point aboutA. recognizing talent.B. working as a team.C. having a shared objective.D. being an effective leader.64. James Watson suggests that he and Francis Crick won the race to discover theDNA code because theyA. were conscious of their own limitations.B. brought complementary skills to their partnership.C. were determined to outperform their brighter rivals.D. encouraged each other to realize their joint ambition.65. The writer mentions competitions on breakfast cereal packets as an example ofhowto______________________________________________________.A. inspire creative thinking.B. generate concise writing.C. promote loyalty to a group.D. strengthencommitment to an idea.66. In the last paragraph, the writer suggests that it is important for employees toA. be aware of their company’s goals.B. feel that their contributions are valued.C. have respect for their co-workers’achievements.D. understand why certain management decisions are made.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Many people go through life's usual phases of ups and downs，which are common and normal stages in life, but when your self-esteem is low, you may need to know how to boost your self-esteem, since it can lead to problems you may not have thought of.Self-esteem is the measurement or the value of how a person knows his worth and its effects are life-changing and dramatic, since it makes u p a person’s attitude and outlook towards life. (67) ______________________ But when self-esteem is low, you can either sulk and be sad or be afraid to try out new things or take risks and chances with your love-life, career, relationships and self-improvement.Self-esteem plays a key role in the maturity of a person, especially when trying toget away from a dangerous situation, going through a series of trials in life. Our normal responses to these circumstances and situations are governed by how we value ourselves and how our decisions are dictated by how we value ourselves and how our decisions are dictated by these conditions.Faced with tough decisions in life, the more self-esteem one has, the better. It is for that person to make sound decisions, even in the face of peer pressure or stress at work and at home. Let us try to look into some of the common and best practices which have been tried and tested to help boost self-esteem.Always compliment yourself daily, especially by trying to look for specific tasks you did well for that day and congratulate yourself for it. (68) ____________________ List down all things you are good at doing and achieving, be it a talent, skill, sport or building up other people.You can add more focus to these good points and fuel our passion to do better and make you not only understand yourself more, but also give you the true meaning and measurement of self worth and this is how you see yourself as important.Appreciation of one’s physical appearance and bearing can al so be your source of self-esteem, be it the size and shape of your body, your overall physical structure or unique features. Your body can be your source of pride and will help you understand how you would like others to see you, or work on your physical appearance to boost self-morale and satisfaction.Sometimes when you tend to see things in a different light or perspective from others, don’t focus too much on making sure that what you think will cause things to change. (69) _____________________________When you have good self-esteem you will realize that what you did was right and was made under your own food judgment, sound principles and concepts based on your personal outlook and attitude towards life.Do not let negative feedback affect you. Of course, one cannot help but feel bad about negative comments or reactions, but you have to consider that these are tests against your character and personality. (70) ________________________________ So try to look at yourself and see, and if you feel less important or are not satisfied with how you see and look at things, then think about ways on how to boost your self-esteem. You’ll thank yourself for it.SummaryDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.1. One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by selling goods door to door found that he only had one dime left. He was hungry so he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.2. However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked fora drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you？”3. “You don't owe me anything,” she replied. “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” He said, “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in God and the human race. He was about to give up and quit before this point.4. Years later the young woman became critically ill. The local doctors were baffled. They finally sent her to the big city, where specialists can be called in to study her rare disease. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in for the consultation. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.5. Dressed in his doctor's gown he went in to see her. He recognized her at once. He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special attention to her case.6. After a long struggle, the battle was won. Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to her room. She was afraid to open it because she was positive that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words...“Paid in full with a glass of milk.（Signed）Dr. Howard KellyTears of joy flooded her eyes as sh e prayed silently:” Thank You, God. Your love has spread through human hearts and hands.”TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.民众呼吁政府延长失业的救济。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第一学期主谓一致讲解及练习(二)(有答案)
主谓一致讲解及练习（二）概念：主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系；主谓一致的一致关系由以下三个原则支配：二、语法一致1、意义：语法一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：即，主语是单数形式，谓语也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也采用复数形式；A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language. Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.2、关于语法一致的具体情况：1）不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看做单数，谓语动词用单数；Reading often means learning.To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.What he said has been recorded .2）如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, but, except, like, in addition to, including,主谓一致语法一致意义一致就近原则besides, as well as, as much as, rather than, more than等短语再加一个名词时，谓语动词仍与主语保持一致；A library together with 5000 books was given to our school as a gift.Mr. Johnson as well as his wife and children is visiting the Great Wall now.All but Tom have gone to the cinema.3）用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人、同一个事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数；A teacher and writer is going to give us a speech.Bread and butter is usually my breakfast.The professor and scientist has already come.A teacher and a writer are in the office.4）用and连接的并列主语被each, every, no或many a修饰时，谓语动词用单数；Each boy and each girl has been given a gift.No teacher and no student is in the classroom.Every pen and every book has been laid on the desk already.Many a boy and many a girl is interested in her lesson.5）each of + 复数代词，谓语动词用单数；复数代词+ each，谓语动词用复数；Each of us has something to say.Each of them has been given a piece of bread.We each have a dictionary.They each have done their work.6）none作主语，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；但修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数；None of us are (is) perfect.None of these books are (is) mine.None of his money has been found again.None of this worries me.7）名词如trousers, scissors, glasses, goods, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；但当它们前面有a pair of或one pair of修饰时，谓语动词只能用单数；My trousers are black.His glasses are expensive.A pair of trousers lies on my bed.A pair of glasses was given to me as a gift.8）形复意单名词如：news；以-ics结尾的学科名词如：physics, mathematics, economics；国名如：the United States；报纸名如：the New York Times；书名如：Arabian Nights；机构名如：the United Nations等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories.The New York Times is a popular reading material for students.Physics is my favorite subjects.9）“a/an + 名词+ and a half”；“one and a half + 名词”；“the number of + 名词”等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；An apple and a half is on the table.One and a half days has passed.The number of the students in our class is 63.10）百分数（或分数）+ of + 可数名词单数（或不可数名词）作主语，谓语动词用单数；百分数（或分数）+ of + 可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数；Twenty percent of land has been turned into a playground.Two thirds of the apple is rotten.Sixty percent of the workers in the factory are women.11）“many a/an + 名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，但是表达的是复数意义；Many a student is interested in English.Many a teacher has resigned.Many an apple has gone bad.Many a mistake has been made by him.12）“a (large) quantity of + 名词”作主语时，名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；名词是可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数；“a (large) amount of + 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“large quantities of + 可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“large amounts of + 不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；A large quantity of sugar has been put in the boiled water.A large amount of time has been spent on English.Large quantities of money have been wasted on the project.Large amounts of time have been saved by the new invention.13）“this kind of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“复数名词+ of this kind”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；This kind of apples was imported from America.Apples of this kind were imported from America.14）“a/an + 单数名词+ or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“one or two + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；A day or two is enough for this work.One or two days are enough for this work.A man or two is to be sent there to help them.One or two men are to be sent there to help them.15）“a set of + 复数名词”及“a series of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；A series of debates was scheduled for the weekend.The sales man told me that a good set of tires was guaranteed to run at least fifty thousand miles.16）在“one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数；但是如果one前面有the only修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词只能用单数；Mary is one of the students that have been invited to sing at the concert.Mary is the only one of the students that has been invited to sing at the concert.例题：1、The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【解析】D.本题考查时态与主谓一致。
高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第—学期一轮复习-选句填空(有答案)
高考一轮复习-选句填空“选句填空”是2017年上海英语高考卷新增的阅读题型。
试题呈现方式为：给出一篇缺少4个句子的文章，对应有6个选项，其中2个为干扰项。
要求学生根据文章结构和内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。
这一题型主要考查学生对文章的整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握;换言之，考查学生对语篇全文的理解，包括对文章大意、各段大意、各段之间的内在逻辑关联等的理解把握。
类似的题型在全国新课标卷和其他地区的高考题中出现过，只不过题量为7 选5。
下文将选用全国新课标卷的真题来解析本题型。
1.命题特点本题型的语料选择，一般为300—350字的文章，文体不限，但以说明文或议论文居多。
根据考核目标，本题型设空一般分三个层次：语篇层面，通过挖空主旨句，考查考生对文章整体内容的理解情况;段落层面，通过挖空段落主题句或过渡句，考查考生对文章结构的把握程度；句子层面，通过挖空注释句等细节逻辑题，考查考生上下文逻辑的梳理能力。
由于考核目标和特点，本题型空格通常可分布在段首、段中、段尾等不同的位置。
2.应对策略A Garden That’s Just Right for YouHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere ofthe garden appeared to total more than the sum of its parts? ___________36_____________.But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.•______________37__________Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers. ____________38____________. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.•Recall your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important.____________39____________— how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.______________40__________. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A.Know why you gardenB.Find a good place for your own gardenC.It’s our experience of the garden that mattersD.It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG.For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have(2016年全国新课标2试题）1)快速浏览文章，捕捉文本特征快速浏览有利于整体把握文章内容和结构，为之后的选择提供重要依据。
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高三春考提升练习Last weekend, the latest Disney movie, zootopia, broke records. The movie had the largest opening weekend for a Disney animation. People across the U.S bought more than $75million worth of tickets.Zootopia is a city of animals. The movie starts with a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal 21___________team up to find a missing otter (水獭). He is among several animals that have suddenly disappeared from the city.Zootopia 22___________(praise) for its sharp humor and strong message since its release. The film explores racism and other issues in the description of relations 23___________ two kinds of animals in the city.Jaed Bush had Phil wrote zootopia. They told reporters that it started out as a spy movie 24___________(set) in several different contexts. But they changed the story 25___________they found the animal world especially interesting. They said to 26___________something like this, “What’s this world like? What’s the history of this world?” and then, Bush said, they went to the experts. Not only 27___________the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepersThe creators have noted that the variety of animals was not easy 28___________(produce) in drawings. In the movie, 64 species live in multiple neighborhoods 29___________(represent) different animals’ living environments. Disney says zootopia is its 30___________(complex) animation yet. The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office.【Keys】21.who 22. has been praised 23. between 24.set 25. because26. themselves 27. did 28. to produce 29. representing 30. most complexIn the presence of animalsA professor of public health at UCLA says that pet ownership might provide a new form of health care. As far back as the1790s, the elderly at a senior citizens' home in England 21___________ (encourage) to spend time with farm animals. This would help patients' mental state more than the cruel therapies 22__________ (use) on the mentally ill at the time. In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof 23__________ contact with animals can increase a sick person's chance of survival and has been shown 24___________(lower) heart rate, calm upset children, and get people to start a conversation.Scientist think that animal companionship is beneficial 25___________animals are acceptingand attentive, and they don't criticize or give orders. Animals have the unique ability to be more social. For example, visitors to nursing homes get more social responses from patients when they come with animal companions.Not only do people seem 26___________ (anxious) when animals are nearby, but they may also live longer. Studies show that a year 27___________ heart surgery, survival rates for heart patients were higher for those with pets in their homes than those without pets. Elderly people with pets make fewer trips to doctors than those without animal companions, possibly because animals relieve loneliness. Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind, 28___________(result) in a favourable environment for everyone.Research confirms that the findings concerning senior citizens can be applied to restless children. They are more easy-going when there are animals around, with 29___________ company they tend to calm down more easily. They involve 30___________ in playing with animals and the presence of animals comforts them greatly.【Keys】21. were encouraged 22. used 23. that 24. to lower 25. because/as/ since 26. less anxious 27. after 28. resulting 29. whose 30. themselvesDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.ShynessIf you suffer shyness, you are not alone. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes.The first environmental cause of shyness many be a child’s home and family life. Today’s children are growing up in smaller and smaller families,with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbours and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy when they start school.A second environmental cause of shyness in an individual may be one’s culture. In a large study conducted in Japan, 57 percent of participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, “One explanation is that in Japan, an individual’s performance success is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entirely blamed on the person.” Therefore, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions.Technology may also pay a role. In the United States, the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming isolated as a result of technology. Face to face interaction with bank clerks, gas station attendants are no longer necessary because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy.It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company.Shyness is common and it has environmental causes, including home and family life, culture and technology. Firstly, with smaller families and working parents, children lack social interactions. Secondly, blaming failure on individuals causes people in some culture to be shy in public. Finally, with the development of technology, people have fewer opportunities to socialize in person.Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Learning by Rote in the Digital AgeRote learning had become seen as an outdated method of teaching. The dictionary defines learning ‘by rote’ as: ‘from memory, without thought of the meaning; in a mechanical way’.The decline of rote learning has been quickened by technology. No one needs to memorize friends’ phone numbers or email addresses because such data is conveniently stored and accessible electronically. And why remember when and where World WarⅡbroke out when you can find the answer on the internet in about six seconds? But now there are voices for a need to return to rote learning.In fact, memorizing key data is essential to learning any skill. Doctoring requires knowledge of medicine and lawyering requires knowledge of cases and laws. Of course, being able to recall things will not further your understanding of those things, but without memorizing these foundation elements, you cannot progress to a deeper understanding of a subject.While the internet and computers have weakened the need for us to remember things, it may well be that mobile learning can help bring this style of learning back to life by making it more convenient and more fun.Drilling yourself——with flashcards or by repetition——is usually hard and boring work,which is why most people need their multiplication tables to be drilled into them by teachers or parents. Rote learning without a willing third party can be a battle of discipline and motivation. But mobile learning can make those flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study; our digital devices can challenge and inform us at the same time and also keeps motivated, whether through game-like structures or recording our progress.Once you’ve required the essentials of a subject by rote learning you will find it easier to go deeper in the application of knowledge which is important.Rote learning means mechanical memorization. Although technology makes it less needed, its value is being rediscovered. Rote learning helps people acquire basic knowledge, laying a foundation for further understanding. In fact, technology makes mobile learning possible, which motivates learners in rote learning and makes memorization more interesting and individualized.1. 你没有必要在乎他人对你的评论.（care）2. 大量阅读书籍有助于我们成长。