高中英语Unit 4 Exploring plants-reading人教版必修9

Unit 4 Exploring plants-reading Part One: Teaching Design Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading (PLANT EXPLORATION IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES) Aims To help students develop their reading ability To help students learn exploring plants Procedures ■Warming up by defining plants Plants are a major group of living things (about 300,000 species), including familiar organisms such as trees, flowers, herbs, and ferns. Aristotle divided all living things between plants, which generally do not move or have sensory organs, and animals. In Linnaeus' system, these became the Kingdoms Vegetabilia (later Plantae) and Animalia. Since then, it has become clear that the Plantae as originally defined included several unrelated groups, and the fungi and several groups of algae were removed to new kingdoms. However, these are still often considered plants in many contexts. Indeed, any attempt to match "plant" with a single taxon is doomed to fail, because plant is a vaguely defined concept unrelated to the presumed phylogenic concepts on which modern taxonomy is based. Warming up by talking about different gardens Gardens vary in forms and functions. How many can you see in your area? Gardens may function in a particular manner Botanical garden, Community garden, Forest garden, Raised bed gardening, Residential garden, Roof garden, Vertical garden, Water or soil-less gardening (hydroponics) , Walled garden, Windowbox, Zoological garden ■Warming up by discussing gardening Gardening is the activity of growing and maintaining the garden. This work is done by an amateur or professional gardener. A gardener might also work in a non-garden setting, such as a park, a roadside embankment, or other public space. Landscape architecture is a related professional activity with landscape architects tending to specialise in design for public and corporate clients. I. Pre-reading What is a garden? A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. The most common form is known as a residential garden. Western gardens are almost universally based around plants. Zoos, which display wild animals in simulated natural habitats, were formerly called zoölogical gardens. Some traditional types of eastern gardens, such as Zen gardens, use plants sparsely or not at all. Food-producing gardens are distinguished from farms by their smaller scale, more labor-intensive methods, and their purpose (enjoyment of a hobby rather than produce for sale); this distinction is not always clear-cut, however. The gardening article discusses the differences and similarities between gardens and farms in greater detail. Gardening is the activity of growing and maintaining the garden. This work is done by an amateur or professional gardener. A gardener might also work in a non-garden setting, such as a park, a roadside embankment, or other public space. Landscape architecture is a related professional activity with landscape architects tending to specialise in design for public and corporate clients. II. Reading for forms Read the text PLANT EXPLORATION IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions. PLANT EXPLORATION IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES The plants /in our gardens/ look so familiar/ that often we do not realize that /many of them actually come from countries/ far away．Collecting“exotic”plants，as they are called，dates back to the earliest times．Many ancient civilizations saw the value of bringing back plants /from distant lands．The first plant collecting expedition /recorded in history was around 1500 BC /when the Queen of Egypt sent ships away to gather plants，animals /and other goods． However，it was not until the eighteenth/ and nineteenth centuries /that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale．Europe had become interested in scientific discovery/ and the European middle classes took great interest in collecting new plants．This attraction /to exotic plants grew as European nations，like the Netherlands，Britain/ and Spain，moved into other parts of the world/ like Asia /and Australia．Brave young men took the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions，often facing many dangers/ including disease, near-starvation，severe environments/ and conflicts with the local people．