AP微观经济模拟卷二Multiple Question
AP微观经济学习题Quiz
AP微观经济学习题Quiz1. Scarcity is correctly described by which of the following statements?I. Scarcity exists if there are more uses for resources than can be satisfied at one time.II. Scarcity exists if decisions must be made about alternative uses for resources.III. Scarcity would not exist in a society in which people wanted to help others instead of themselves.A. I onlyB. II onlyC. III onlyD. I and II onlyE. I, II, and III2. The diagram below shows the production possibilities curve for Country Y. Which of the following statements is true?A. If Country Y is producing at point C, it is using all its resources efficiently.B. The opportunity cost of producing more machines is constant.C. Producing at point C is the most preferable, because butter is a nondurable good.D. Country Y cannot produce at pointE.E. The economy is not producing at its potential, since it is not producing at point D.3.Individuals in any society must make choices regarding the types of goods and services to be produced becauseA. free markets do not always allocate resources efficientlyB. free markets only satisfy the demands of paying consumersC. opportunity costs increase as more of a good or service is producedD. resources are scarce and human wants are unlimitedE. resources must be allocated for the benefit of the entire society4. If a certain combination of goods or services lies outside the production possibilities curve of an economy, which of the following is true?A. Effective trade barriers have reduced foreign imports into the economy.B. New technology is being used in production.C. Resources are not available to achieve that combination of goods or services.D. Resources are not being used efficiently to achieve that combination of goods or services.E. Resources are being used at a more rapid rate than they were in the past.5. The concept of opportunity cost would no longer be relevant ifA. poverty in an economy no longer existedB. the supply of all resources were unlimitedC. resources were allocated efficientlyD. real wages were flexibleE. all current incomes were invested in technological research6. According to the graph below, if a country iscurrently producing at point X, the opportunitycost of producing another consumer good isA. 20 capital goodsB. more than 20 capital goodsC. fewer than 20 capital goodsD. 20 consumer goodsE. fewer than 20 consumer goods7. The study of economics is primarily concerned with which of the following?A. The testing of hypotheses under controlled conditionsB. The allocation of scarce resources, given unlimited wantsC. The fair and equal treatment of all householdsD. The provision of conclusive answers to public policy issuesE. The development of the dynamics of group behavior8. For an economy with a straight-line production possibilitycurve, which of the following must be true?I. The opportunity cost of producing another unit is constant.II. Resources are completely adaptable to alternative uses.III. Resources are used efficiently.A. I onlyB. II onlyC. III onlyD. I and IIE. II and III9. An opportunity cost is entailed in which of the following situations?I. A student decides to attend college full-time.II. A family uses its $20,000 savings to purchase an automobile.III. A farmer decides to grow more wheat and less corn.A. I onlyB. II onlyC. III onlyD. I and III onlyE. I, II, and IIIQuestions 10-11 refer to the following graph of a country’s production possibilities curve.10. If two coats are currently being produced, the opportunity cost of producing the third coat isA. 85 beltsB. 75 beltsC. 40 beltsD. 15 beltsE. 10 belts11. The best combination of belts and coats for this economyto produce isA. 95 belts and 1 coatB. 85 belts and 2 coatC. 70 belts and 3 coatD. 40 belts and 4 coatE. Indeterminate with the available information12. Karen works part-time at a local convenience store and earns $10 per hour. She wants to spend next Saturday afternoon attending a music concert. The full price of a concert ticket is $75, but Karen was able to get a discounted price of $50 from a friend who purchased the ticket but has become unable to attend. If Karen took 4 hours off from her job to attend the concert, what was her opportunity cost of attending the concert?A. $40B. $50C. $74D. $90E. $115。
ap微观经济学真题2002解析
ap微观经济学真题2002解析
根据College Board官网公布的2015年AP Microeconomics真题中Free Response Questions公布的2短1长共计三个问题，本次考试难度与往年持平，考察点依旧是“Marginal Analysis”“Game Theory”和“Market Efficiency”三大核心模块。
首先，短问题1照旧考察“完全竞争市场”的几大特性。
考生看到题干中“perfectly competitive”字眼，脑海中就应该立刻映射出“Pm=Pf”，也就是说，firm is a price taker。
所以本题a问的答案就是equal 本题b问，需要考生画出SD均衡以及完全竞争市场的MC、ATC、以及Pf=AR=D 的图表。
①根据市场的SD曲线，根据交点标出Pm和Qm点
②画出MC曲线，这里考察最优利润点，也就是MR=MC的地方，画出Qf点
③因为厂商是price taker，所以AR=D=MR
④画出ATC曲线，注意ATC反应的是长期总成本，所以最低点应该是与MC的交点，并且ATC要低于此处的Pf。
微观经济学的练习试题以和答案解析英文版
微观经济学的练习试题以和答案解析英文版Chapter 01Thinking Like an Economist Multiple Choice Questions1. Economics is best defined as the study of:A. prices and quantities.B. inflation and interest rates.C. how people make choices under the conditions of scarcity and the results of those choices.D. wages and incomes.2. Economic questions always deal with:A. financial matters.B. political matters.C. insufficient resources.D. choice in the face of limited resources.3. The range of topics or issues that fit within the definition of economics is:A. limited to market activities, e.g., buying soap.B. limited to individuals and firms.C. extremely wide, requiring only the ideas of choice and scarcity.D. very limited.4. The central concern of economics is:A. poverty.B. scarcity.C. wealth accumulation.D. overconsumption.5. The scarcity principle indicates that:A. no matter how much one has, it is never enough.B. compared to 100 years ago, individuals have less timetoday.C. with limited resources, having more of "this" means having less of "that."D. because tradeoffs must be made, resources are therefore scarce.6. The logical implication of the scarcity principle is that:A. one will never be satisfied with what one has.B. as wealth increases, making choices becomes less necessary.C. as wealth decreases, making choices becomes less necessary.D. choices must be made.7. If all the world's resources were to magically increase a hundredfold, then:A. the scarcity principle would still govern behavior.B. economics would no longer be relevant.C. the scarcity principle would disappear.D. tradeoffs would become unnecessary.8. The principle of scarcity applies to:A. the poor exclusively.B. all consumers.C. all firms.D. everyone—consumers, firms, governments, and nations.9. At the very least, Joe Average and Bill Gates are both identically limited by:A. their wealth.B. the 24 hours that comprise a day.C. their knowledge.D. their influence.10. Forest is a mountain man living in complete isolation inMontana. He is completely self-sufficient through hunting, fishing, and farming. He has not been in the city to buy anything in five years. One can infer:A. the scarcity principle does not apply to Forest.B. Forest is not required to make choices.C. the scarcity principle still applies because more hunting means less fishing and farming.D. Forest is very satisfied.11. The scarcity principle applies to:A. all decisions.B. only market decisions, e.g., buying a car.C. only non-market decisions, e.g., watching a sunset.D. only the poor.12. Chris has a one-hour break between classes every Wednesday. Chris can either stay at the library and study or go to the gym and work out. The decision Chris must make is:A. not an economic problem because neither one costs money.B. not an economic problem because it's an hour that is wasted no matter what Chris does.C. an economic problem because the tuition Chris pays covers both the gym and the library.D. an economic problem because Chris has only one hour during which he can study or work out.13. Josh wants to go to the football game this weekend, but he has a paper due on Monday. It will take him the whole weekend to write the paper. Josh decided to stay home and work on the paper. According to the scarcity principle, the reason Josh didn't go to the game is that:A. Josh prefers schoolwork to football games.B. writing the paper is easier than going to the game.C. Josh doesn't have enough time for writing the paper and going to the game.D. it's too expensive to go to the game.14. Whether studying the size of the U.S. economy or the number of children a couple will choose to have, the unifying concept is that wants are:A. limited, resources are limited, and thus choices must be made.B. unlimited, resources are limited, and thus choices must be made.C. unlimited, resources are limited to some but not to others, and thus some people must make choices.D. unlimited, resources are limited, and thus government needs to do more.15. The cost-benefit principle indicates that an action should be taken:A. if the total benefits exceed the total costs.B. if the average benefits exceed the average costs.C. if the net benefit (benefit minus cost) is zero.D. if the extra benefit is greater than or equal to the extra costs.16. When a person decides to pursue an activity as long as the extra benefits are at least equal to the extra costs, that person is:A. violating the cost-benefit principle.B. following the scarcity principle.C. following the cost-benefit principle.D. pursuing the activity too long.17. Choosing to study for an exam until the extra benefit(improved score) equals the extra cost (mental fatigue) is:A. not rational.B. an application of the cost-benefit principle.C. an application of the scarcity principle.D. the relevant opportunity cost.18. The scarcity principle tells us that __________, and the cost-benefit principle tells us __________.A. choices must be made; how to make the choicesB. choices must be made; that the costs can never outweigh the benefits of the choicesC. rare goods are expensive; that the costs should outweigh the benefits of the choicesD. rare goods are expensive; that the costs can never outweigh the benefits of the choices19. According to the cost-benefit principle:A. the lowest cost activity usually gives the lowest benefit.B. a person should always choose the activity with the lowest cost.C. a person should always choose the activity with the greatest benefit.D. the extra costs and benefits of an activity are more important considerations than the total costs and benefits.20. A rational person is one who:A. is reasonable.B. makes choices that are easily understood.C. possesses well-defined goals and seeks to achieve them.D. is highly cynical.21. The seventh glass of soda that Tim consumes will produce an extra benefit of 10 cents and has an extra cost of zero (Tim is eating at the cafeteria). The cost-benefit principle predictsthat Tim will:A. realize he has had too much soda to drink and go home.B. drink the seventh glass and continue until the marginal benefit of drinking another glass of soda is zero.C. volunteer to empty out the fountain.D. not drink the seventh glass.22. Janie must either mow the lawn or wash clothes, earning her a benefit of $30 or $45, respectively. She dislikes both equally and they both take the same amount of time. Janie will therefore choose to_________ because the economic surplus is ________.A. mow the lawn; greaterB. wash clothes; greaterC. mow the lawn; smallerD. wash clothes; smaller23. Dean decided to play golf rather than prepare for tomorrow's exam in economics. One can infer that:A. Dean has made an irrational choice.B. Dean is doing poorly in his economics class.C. the economic surplus from playing golf exceeded the surplus from studying.D. the cost of studying was less than the cost of golfing.Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year.24. The opportunity cost of attending Elite U is:A. $50,000B. $10,000C. $20,000D. $15,00025. The opportunity cost of attending State College is:A. $30,000B. $20,000C. $15,000D. $10,00026. Larry maximizes his surplus by attending:A. Elite U, because $60,000 is greater than the benefit at the other schools.B. State College, because the difference between the benefit and cost is greatest there.C. NoName U, because Larry has a full scholarship there.D. Elite U, because the opportunity costs of attending Elite U are the lowest.27. Larry has decided to go to Elite U. Assuming that all of the values described are correct, for Larry to decide on Elite U, he must have: A. calculated his surplus from each choice and picked the one with the highest surplus.B. underestimated the benefits of attending NoName.C. miscalculated the surplus of attending Elite U.D. determined the opportunity cost of each choice and picked the one with the lowest opportunity cost.28. Jen spends her afternoon at the beach, paying $1 to renta beach umbrella and $11 for food and drinks rather than spending an equal amount of money to go to a movie. The opportunity cost of going to the beach is:A. the $12 she spent on the umbrella, food and drinks.B. only $1 because she would have spent the money on food and drinks whether or not she went to the beach.C. the movie she missed seeing.D. the movie she missed seeing plus the $12 she spent on the umbrella, food and drinks.29. Relative to a person who earns minimum wage, a person who earns $30 per hour has:A. a lower opportunity cost of working longer hours.B. a higher opportunity cost of taking a day off.C. a lower opportunity cost of driving farther to work.D. the same opportunity cost of spending time on leisure activities.30. The opportunity cost of an activity is the value of:A. an alternative forgone.B. the next-best alternative forgone.C. the least-best alternative forgone.D. the difference between the chosen activity and the next-best alternative forgone.31. Amy is thinking about going to the movies tonight. A ticket costs $7 and she will have to cancel her dog-sitting job that pays $30. The cost of seeing the movie is:A. $7.B. $30.C. $37.D. $37 minus the benefit of seeing the movie.32. Economic surplus is:A. the benefit gained by taking an action.B. the price paid to take an action.C. the difference between the benefit gained and the costincurred of taking an action.D. the wage someone would have to earn in order to take an action.33. The Governor of your state has cut the budget for the University and increased spending on Medicaid. This is an example of:A. the pitfalls of considering average costs instead of marginal costs.B. poor normative economic decision making.C. poor positive economic decision making.D. choice in the face of limited resources.34. Sally earned $25,000 per year before she became a mother. After she became a mother, she told her employer that her opportunity cost of working is now $50,000, and so she is not willing to work for anything less. Her decision is based on:A. the high cost of raising a child.B. her desire to save for her child's college expenses.C. her increased value to her employer.D. the value she places on spending time with her child.35. Alex received a four-year scholarship to State U. that covered tuition and fees, room and board, and books and supplies. As a result:A. attending State U. for four years is costless for Alex.B. Alex has no incentive to work hard while at State U.C. the cost of attending State U. is the amount of money Alex could have earned working for four years.D. the cost of attending State U. is the sum of the benefits Alex would have had attending each of the four other schools to which Alex had been admitted.36. Suppose Mary is willing to pay up to $15,000 for a usedFord pick-up truck, but she finds one for $12,000. Her __________ is __________.A. benefit; $12,000B. cost; $15,000C. economic surplus; $3,000D. economic surplus; $12,00037. In general, rational decision making requires one to choose the actions that yield the:A. largest total benefits.B. smallest total costs.C. smallest net benefits.D. largest economic surpluses.38. Suppose the most you would be willing to pay for a plane ticket home is $250, but you buy one online for $175. The economic surplus of buying the online ticket is:A. $175.B. $250.C. $75.D. $0.39. The use of economic models, like the cost-benefit principle, means economists believe that:A. this is exactly how people choose between alternatives.B. this is a reasonable abstraction of how people choose between alternatives.C. those who explicitly make decisions this way are smarter.D. with enough education, all people will start to explicitly make decisions this way.40. Jenna decides to see a movie that costs $7 for the ticket and has an opportunity cost of $20. After the movie, she says to one of her friends that the movie was not worth it. Apparently:A. Jenna failed to apply the cost-benefit model to her decision.B. Jenna was not rational.C. Jenna overestimated the benefits of the movie.D. Jenna underestimated the benefits of the movie.41. Most of us make sensible decisions most of the time, because:A. we know the cost-benefit principle.B. subconsciously we are weighing costs and benefits.C. most people know about the scarcity principle.D. we conduct hypothetical mental auctions when we make decisions.42. Suppose a person makes a choice that seems inconsistent with the cost-benefit principle. Which of the following statements represents the most reasonable conclusion to draw?A. The person (explicitly or implicitly) over-estimated the benefits or under-estimated the costs or both.B. The cost-benefit principle is rarely true.C. The person does not grasp how decisions should be made.D. The person is simply irrational.43. Economic models are intended to:A. apply to all examples equally well.B. eliminate differences in the way people behave.C. generalize about patterns in decision-making.D. distinguish economics students from everyone else.44. Economic models claim to be:A. reasonable abstractions of how people make choices, highlighting the most important factors.B. exact replications of the decision-making process people use.C. interesting chalkboard exercises with little applicability to the real world.D. exceptionally accurate methods of predicting nearly all behavior of everyone.45. The cost-benefit model used by economists is:A. unrealistic because it is too detailed and specific to apply to a variety of situations.B. unrealistic because everyone can think of times when he or she violated the principle.C. useful because everyone follows it all of the time.D. useful because most people follow it most of the time.46. Barry owns a clothing store in the mall and has asked two economic consultants to develop models of consumer behavior that he can use to increase sales. Barry should choose the model that:A. does not include simplifying assumptions.B. is the most detailed and complex.C. assumes that consumers apply the cost-benefit principle.D. predicts that consumers will always prefer Barry's store to the competing stores.。
微观经济学模拟考试题及答案
微观经济学模拟考试题及答案一、单选题（共100题，每题1分，共100分）1.假定两个人一天可以生产60单位的产品，四个人一天可以生产100单位产品，那么( )。
A、平均可变成本下降的B、平均可变成本是上升的C、边际产量大于平均产量D、边际产量是40单位。
正确答案：B2.已知消费者的收入是lOO元，商品X的价格是10元，商品Y的价格是3元。
假定他打算购买7单位X和10单位Y，这时商品X和Y的边际效用分别是50和18。
如要获得最大效用，他应该( )。
A、停止购买B、减少X的购买量，增购YC、增购X、减少Y的购买量D、同时增购X和Y。
正确答案：B3.供给定律说明，一种物品价格上升( )。
A、该物品需求减少B、该物品需求量减少C、该物品供给增加D、该物品供给量增加。
正确答案：D答案解析：供给定律指出，当物品价格上升时，供给量也会随之增加。
这是因为价格上升会刺激生产者增加生产，以获取更高的利润。
因此，选项D是正确的。
选项A和B是错误的，因为价格上升并不会直接影响需求或需求量。
选项C也是错误的，因为价格上升会导致供给量增加，而不是供给增加。
4.在完全竞争市场中，成本不变行业的长期供给曲线取决于( )。
A、SAC曲线最低点的轨迹B、SMC曲线最低点的轨迹C、LAC曲线最低点的轨迹D、LMC曲线最低点的轨迹。
正确答案：C答案解析：在完全竞争市场中，成本不变行业的长期供给曲线取决于LAC 曲线最低点的轨迹。
因为在长期均衡中，企业的利润为零，而LAC曲线最低点对应着企业的最小长期平均成本，即在该点生产的企业可以覆盖所有成本，不会有利润或亏损。
因此，当市场价格等于该点的LAC曲线最低点时，企业才会进入市场，长期供给曲线才会出现。
5.假设个人电脑的供给和需求都增加。
再假设个人电脑供给的增加大于个人电脑需求的增加。
在个人电脑市场上，我们可以预期( )。
A、均衡数量增加，而均衡价格上升B、均衡数量增加，而均衡价格下降C、均衡数量增加，而均衡价格保持不变D、均衡数量增加，而均衡价格的变动是无法确定的。
20级审计学《微观经济学》第二次测试
20级审计学《微观经济学》第二次测试一、单选题1. 下列因素中不会使得彩电需求曲线移动的是（）。
[单选题] *A．消费者的收入变化B．彩电的价格下降(正确答案)C．大屏幕手机价格下降D．消费者对彩电的偏好发生改变2. 苹果和梨子是替代品，那么，苹果价格提高，将会导致（）。
[单选题] * A．苹果的需求增加B．苹果的需求减少C．梨子的需求增加(正确答案)D．梨子的需求减少3. 厂家对运动鞋的供给遵从供给规律，如果其他因素保持不变，运动鞋的价格上升，将会导致（）。
[单选题] *A．供给增加B．供给量增加(正确答案)C．供给减少D．供给量减少4. 人们常说“多多益善”,从经济学角度来说，这是指随着所消费的商品数量增多（）。
[单选题] *A．总效用递增(正确答案)B．边际效用递增C．总效用递减D．边际效用递减5. 假定咖啡的价格为10元一杯，苹果汁的价格为5元一杯，当咖啡对苹果汁的MRS＝3时，消费者为了达到最大的满足，会选择（）。
[单选题] *A．增购咖啡，减少苹果汁的购买(正确答案)B．增购苹果汁，减少咖啡的购买C．同时增加咖啡、苹果汁的购买D．同时减少咖啡、苹果汁的购买6. 根据消费者效用最大化的条件，在消费者均衡时（）。
[单选题] *A．各商品给消费者带来的效用相同B．消费者花在各商品上的每一元钱所带来的边际效用相同(正确答案)C．边际效用等于零D．各商品都得到相同的支出水平7. 在短期中，劳动的边际报酬服从递减规律。
在其AP为正且递减时，MP可以是（）。
[单选题] *A．递减且大于APB．递增且大于APC．递减且小于AP(正确答案)D．递增且小于AP8. 假设产量为199单位时，平均成本为10元，再增加一单位产品的边际成本为50元，那么增加该单位产品以后的平均成本大约为（）。
[单选题] *A．10.5 元B．50.4元C．30.6元D．10.2元(正确答案)9. 伴随着投入增加，短期产量曲线表现为先以递增的速度上升，然后递减上升，最后下降，则在生产要素投入的第一阶段（）。
【试卷】微观经济学试卷2
【关键字】试卷 池州学院 — 学年度第 学期 微观经济学 课程考试试卷 2卷 题号 一 二 三 四 五 六 总分 得分 1、微观经济学是经济学的一个分支，主要研究(B )。
A ．市场经济 B ．个体行为 C ．总体经济活动 D ．失业和通货膨胀等 2、经济学研究的基本经济问题包括（ D ）。
A ．生产什么、各生产多少 B ．如何生产 C ．为谁生产 D ．以上三个都是 3、如果商品X 和商品Y 是替代的，则X 的价格下降将造成（ D ）。
A ．X 的需求曲线向右移动 B ．X 的需求曲线向左移动 C ．Y 的需求曲线向右移动 D ．Y 的需求曲线向左移动 4、生产函数表示( C )。
A ．一定数量的投入、至少能生产多少产品 B ．生产一定数量的产品，最多要投入多少生产要素 C ．投入与产出的关系 D ．以上都对。
5、下列的说法中正确的是( A )。
A ． 生产要素的边际技术替代率递减是边际收益递减规律造成的 B ．边际收益递减规律是规模报酬递减规律造成的 C ．规模报酬递减是边际收益递减规律造成的 D ．生产要素的边际技术替代率是规模报酬递减规律造成的 6、下列因素中不属于固定成本的是( D )。
A ．土地的租金 B ．折旧 C ．财产税 D ．营业税 7、一个企业在下面的哪种情况下应该关门( A )。
A ．A VC 的最低点大于价格的时候 B ．AC 的最低点大于价格的时候 C ．发生亏损的时候 D ．MC>MR 8、拥有VMP 曲线的厂商是（ C ）。
A ．完全比赛要素市场中的厂商 B ．完全比赛产品市场中的厂商 C ．非完全比赛要素市场中的厂商 D ．非完全比赛产品市场中的厂商 9、按照古诺模型，下列哪些说法正确（B ）。
A ．双头垄断者没有认识到他们的相互依赖性； B ．每个双头垄断厂商都假定对方保持产量不变； C ．每个双头垄断厂商都假定对方价格保持不变；系：年级/班级：姓名：学号：装订线内不要答题10、名牌产品的价格一般比非名牌同类商品的价格高，这意味着（ D ）。
微观经济学 英文版 题库 练习完整版
Chapter 01Thinking Like an Economist Multiple Choice Questions1. Economics is best defined as the study of:A. prices and quantities.B. inflation and interest rates.C. how people make choices under the conditions of scarcity and the results of those choices.D. wages and incomes.2. Economic questions always deal with:A. financial matters.B. political matters.C. insufficient resources.D. choice in the face of limited resources.3. The range of topics or issues that fit within the definition of economics is:A. limited to market activities, e.g., buying soap.B. limited to individuals and firms.C. extremely wide, requiring only the ideas of choice and scarcity.D. very limited.4. The central concern of economics is:A. poverty.B. scarcity.C. wealth accumulation.D. overconsumption.5. The scarcity principle indicates that:A. no matter how much one has, it is never enough.B. compared to 100 years ago, individuals have less time today.C. with limited resources, having more of "this" means having less of "that."D. because tradeoffs must be made, resources are therefore scarce.6. The logical implication of the scarcity principle is that:A. one will never be satisfied with what one has.B. as wealth increases, making choices becomes less necessary.C. as wealth decreases, making choices becomes less necessary.D. choices must be made.7. If all the world's resources were to magically increase a hundredfold, then:A. the scarcity principle would still govern behavior.B. economics would no longer be relevant.C. the scarcity principle would disappear.D. tradeoffs would become unnecessary.8. The principle of scarcity applies to:A. the poor exclusively.B. all consumers.C. all firms.D. everyone—consumers, firms, governments, and nations.9. At the very least, Joe Average and Bill Gates are both identically limited by:A. their wealth.B. the 24 hours that comprise a day.C. their knowledge.D. their influence.10. Forest is a mountain man living in complete isolation in Montana. He is completely self-sufficient through hunting, fishing, and farming. He has not been in the city to buy anything in five years. One can infer:A. the scarcity principle does not apply to Forest.B. Forest is not required to make choices.C. the scarcity principle still applies because more hunting means less fishing and farming.D. Forest is very satisfied.11. The scarcity principle applies to:A. all decisions.B. only market decisions, e.g., buying a car.C. only non-market decisions, e.g., watching a sunset.D. only the poor.12. Chris has a one-hour break between classes every Wednesday. Chris can either stay at the library and study or go to the gym and work out. The decision Chris must make is:A. not an economic problem because neither one costs money.B. not an economic problem because it's an hour that is wasted no matter what Chris does.C. an economic problem because the tuition Chris pays covers both the gym and the library.D. an economic problem because Chris has only one hour during which he can study or work out.13. Josh wants to go to the football game this weekend, but he has a paper due on Monday. It will take him the whole weekend to write the paper. Josh decided to stay home and work on the paper. According to the scarcity principle, the reason Josh didn't go to the game is that:A. Josh prefers schoolwork to football games.B. writing the paper is easier than going to the game.C. Josh doesn't have enough time for writing the paper and going to the game.D. it's too expensive to go to the game.14. Whether studying the size of the U.S. economy or the number of children a couple will choose to have, the unifying concept is that wants are:A. limited, resources are limited, and thus choices must be made.B. unlimited, resources are limited, and thus choices must be made.C. unlimited, resources are limited to some but not to others, and thus some people must make choices.D. unlimited, resources are limited, and thus government needs to do more.15. The cost-benefit principle indicates that an action should be taken:A. if the total benefits exceed the total costs.B. if the average benefits exceed the average costs.C. if the net benefit (benefit minus cost) is zero.D. if the extra benefit is greater than or equal to the extra costs.16. When a person decides to pursue an activity as long as the extra benefits are at least equal to the extra costs, that person is:A. violating the cost-benefit principle.B. following the scarcity principle.C. following the cost-benefit principle.D. pursuing the activity too long.17. Choosing to study for an exam until the extra benefit (improved score) equals the extra cost (mental fatigue) is:A. not rational.B. an application of the cost-benefit principle.C. an application of the scarcity principle.D. the relevant opportunity cost.18. The scarcity principle tells us that __________, and the cost-benefit principle tells us __________.A. choices must be made; how to make the choicesB. choices must be made; that the costs can never outweigh the benefits of the choicesC. rare goods are expensive; that the costs should outweigh the benefits of the choicesD. rare goods are expensive; that the costs can never outweigh the benefits of the choices19. According to the cost-benefit principle:A. the lowest cost activity usually gives the lowest benefit.B. a person should always choose the activity with the lowest cost.C. a person should always choose the activity with the greatest benefit.D. the extra costs and benefits of an activity are more important considerations than the total costs and benefits.20. A rational person is one who:A. is reasonable.B. makes choices that are easily understood.C. possesses well-defined goals and seeks to achieve them.D. is highly cynical.21. The seventh glass of soda that Tim consumes will produce an extra benefit of 10 cents and has an extra cost of zero (Tim is eating at the cafeteria). Thecost-benefit principle predicts that Tim will:A. realize he has had too much soda to drink and go home.B. drink the seventh glass and continue until the marginal benefit of drinking another glass of soda is zero.C. volunteer to empty out the fountain.D. not drink the seventh glass.22. Janie must either mow the lawn or wash clothes, earning her a benefit of $30 or $45, respectively. She dislikes both equally and they both take the same amount of time. Janie will therefore choose to _________ because the economic surplus is ________.A. mow the lawn; greaterB. wash clothes; greaterC. mow the lawn; smallerD. wash clothes; smaller23. Dean decided to play golf rather than prepare for tomorrow's exam in economics. One can infer that:A. Dean has made an irrational choice.B. Dean is doing poorly in his economics class.C. the economic surplus from playing golf exceeded the surplus from studying.D. the cost of studying was less than the cost of golfing.Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year.24. The opportunity cost of attending Elite U is:A. $50,000B. $10,000C. $20,000D. $15,00025. The opportunity cost of attending State College is:A. $30,000B. $20,000C. $15,000D. $10,00026. Larry maximizes his surplus by attending:A. Elite U, because $60,000 is greater than the benefit at the other schools.B. State College, because the difference between the benefit and cost is greatest there.C. NoName U, because Larry has a full scholarship there.D. Elite U, because the opportunity costs of attending Elite U are the lowest.27. Larry has decided to go to Elite U. Assuming that all of the values described are correct, for Larry to decide on Elite U, he must have:A. calculated his surplus from each choice and picked the one with the highest surplus.B. underestimated the benefits of attending NoName.C. miscalculated the surplus of attending Elite U.D. determined the opportunity cost of each choice and picked the one with the lowest opportunity cost.28. Jen spends her afternoon at the beach, paying $1 to rent a beach umbrella and $11 for food and drinks rather than spending an equal amount of money to go to a movie. The opportunity cost of going to the beach is:A. the $12 she spent on the umbrella, food and drinks.B. only $1 because she would have spent the money on food and drinks whether or not she went to the beach.C. the movie she missed seeing.D. the movie she missed seeing plus the $12 she spent on the umbrella, food and drinks.29. Relative to a person who earns minimum wage, a person who earns $30 per hour has:A. a lower opportunity cost of working longer hours.B. a higher opportunity cost of taking a day off.C. a lower opportunity cost of driving farther to work.D. the same opportunity cost of spending time on leisure activities.30. The opportunity cost of an activity is the value of:A. an alternative forgone.B. the next-best alternative forgone.C. the least-best alternative forgone.D. the difference between the chosen activity and the next-best alternative forgone.31. Amy is thinking about going to the movies tonight. A ticket costs $7 and she will have to cancel her dog-sitting job that pays $30. The cost of seeing the movie is:A. $7.B. $30.C. $37.D. $37 minus the benefit of seeing the movie.32. Economic surplus is:A. the benefit gained by taking an action.B. the price paid to take an action.C. the difference between the benefit gained and the cost incurred of taking an action.D. the wage someone would have to earn in order to take an action.33. The Governor of your state has cut the budget for the University and increased spending on Medicaid. This is an example of:A. the pitfalls of considering average costs instead of marginal costs.B. poor normative economic decision making.C. poor positive economic decision making.D. choice in the face of limited resources.34. Sally earned $25,000 per year before she became a mother. After she becamea mother, she told her employer that her opportunity cost of working is now $50,000, and so she is not willing to work for anything less. Her decision is based on:A. the high cost of raising a child.B. her desire to save for her child's college expenses.C. her increased value to her employer.D. the value she places on spending time with her child.35. Alex received a four-year scholarship to State U. that covered tuition and fees, room and board, and books and supplies. As a result:A. attending State U. for four years is costless for Alex.B. Alex has no incentive to work hard while at State U.C. the cost of attending State U. is the amount of money Alex could have earned working for four years.D. the cost of attending State U. is the sum of the benefits Alex would have had attending each of the four other schools to which Alex had been admitted.36. Suppose Mary is willing to pay up to $15,000 for a used Ford pick-up truck, but she finds one for $12,000. Her __________ is __________.A. benefit; $12,000B. cost; $15,000C. economic surplus; $3,000D. economic surplus; $12,00037. In general, rational decision making requires one to choose the actions that yield the:A. largest total benefits.B. smallest total costs.C. smallest net benefits.D. largest economic surpluses.38. Suppose the most you would be willing to pay for a plane ticket home is $250, but you buy one online for $175. The economic surplus of buying the online ticket is:A. $175.B. $250.C. $75.D. $0.39. The use of economic models, like the cost-benefit principle, means economists believe that:A. this is exactly how people choose between alternatives.B. this is a reasonable abstraction of how people choose between alternatives.C. those who explicitly make decisions this way are smarter.D. with enough education, all people will start to explicitly make decisions this way.40. Jenna decides to see a movie that costs $7 for the ticket and has an opportunity cost of $20. After the movie, she says to one of her friends that the movie was not worth it. Apparently:A. Jenna failed to apply the cost-benefit model to her decision.B. Jenna was not rational.C. Jenna overestimated the benefits of the movie.D. Jenna underestimated the benefits of the movie.41. Most of us make sensible decisions most of the time, because:A. we know the cost-benefit principle.B. subconsciously we are weighing costs and benefits.C. most people know about the scarcity principle.D. we conduct hypothetical mental auctions when we make decisions.42. Suppose a person makes a choice that seems inconsistent with the cost-benefit principle. Which of the following statements represents the most reasonable conclusion to draw?A. The person (explicitly or implicitly) over-estimated the benefits orunder-estimated the costs or both.B. The cost-benefit principle is rarely true.C. The person does not grasp how decisions should be made.D. The person is simply irrational.43. Economic models are intended to:A. apply to all examples equally well.B. eliminate differences in the way people behave.C. generalize about patterns in decision-making.D. distinguish economics students from everyone else.44. Economic models claim to be:A. reasonable abstractions of how people make choices, highlighting the most important factors.B. exact replications of the decision-making process people use.C. interesting chalkboard exercises with little applicability to the real world.D. exceptionally accurate methods of predicting nearly all behavior of everyone.45. The cost-benefit model used by economists is:A. unrealistic because it is too detailed and specific to apply to a variety of situations.B. unrealistic because everyone can think of times when he or she violated the principle.C. useful because everyone follows it all of the time.D. useful because most people follow it most of the time.46. Barry owns a clothing store in the mall and has asked two economic consultants to develop models of consumer behavior that he can use to increase sales. Barry should choose the model that:A. does not include simplifying assumptions.B. is the most detailed and complex.C. assumes that consumers apply the cost-benefit principle.D. predicts that consumers will always prefer Barry's store to the competing stores.47. Economists use abstract models because:A. every economic situation is unique, so it is impossible to make generalizations.B. every economic situation is essentially the same, so specific details are unnecessary.C. they are useful for describing general patterns of behavior.D. computers have allowed economists to develop abstract models.48. Most people make some decisions based on intuition rather than calculation. This is:A. irrational, because intuition is often wrong.B. consistent with the economic model of decision-making, because calculating costs and benefits leads to decision-making pitfalls.C. consistent with the economic model because people intuitively compare the relative costs and benefits of the choices they face.D. inconsistent with the economic model, but rational because intuition takes into account non-financial considerations.49. Moe has a big exam tomorrow. He considered studying this evening, but decided to go out with Curly instead. Since Moe always chooses rationally, it must be true that:A. the opportunity cost of studying tonight is less than the value Moe gets from spending time with Curly.B. the opportunity cost of studying tonight is equal to the value Moe gets from spending time with Curly minus the cost of earning a low grade on the exam.C. Moe gets more benefit from spending time with Curly than from studying.D. Moe gets less benefit from spending time with Curly than from studying.50. If one fails to account for implicit costs in decision making, then applying the cost-benefit rule will be flawed because:A. the benefits will be overstated.B. the costs will be understated.C. the benefits will be understated.D. the costs will be overstated.Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister's graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450.51. If you do not use the frequent-flyer coupon to fly, should you go to Miami?A. Yes, your benefit is more than your cost.B. No, your benefit is less than your cost.C. Yes, your benefit is equal to your cost.D. No, because there are no benefits in the trip.52. What is the opportunity cost of using the coupon for the Miami trip?A. $100B. $450C. $500D. $55053. If you use the frequent-flyer coupon to fly to Atlanta, would you get any economic surplus by making the trip?A. No, there is a loss of $50.B. Yes, surplus of $350.C. Yes, surplus of $400.D. Yes, surplus of $100.54. If the Chicago-Atlanta round-trip air fare is $350, should you go to Miami?A. No, there is a loss of $50.B. No, there is a loss of $100.C. Yes, there is economic surplus of $50.D. Yes, there is economic surplus of $400.55. Pat earns $25,000 per year (after taxes), and Pat's spouse, Chris, earns $35,000 (after taxes). They have two pre-school children. Childcare for their children costs $12,000 per year. Pat has decided to stay home and take care of the children. Pat must:A. value spending time with the children by more than $25,000.B. value spending time with the children by more than $12,000.C. value spending time with the children by more than $13,000.D. value spending time with the children as much as does Chris.You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. (Assume that you would not have been willing to pay any more than $35 for this concert.) Your boss called and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You will have to work 4 hours and she will pay you time and a half, which is $9/hr.56. Should you go to the concert instead of working Saturday?A. Yes, your benefit is more than your cost.B. No, your benefit is less than your cost.C. Yes, your benefit is equal to your cost.D. No, because there are no benefits in the concert.57. What is the opportunity cost of going to the concert?A. $1B. $9C. $35D. $3658. What is your opportunity cost, if you go to work on Saturday?A. $0B. $9C. $35D. $3659. Your economic surplus of going to work on Saturday is:A. $0B. $1C. $35D. $36Matt has decided to purchase his textbooks for the semester. His options are to purchase the books via the Internet with next day delivery to his home at a cost of $175, or to drive to campus tomorrow to buy the books at the university bookstore at a cost of $170. Last week he drove to campus to buy a concert ticket because they offered 25 percent off the regular price of $16.因为他们提供75折的正常价格16美元。
AP微观经济学市场结构部分20道精华题目(北京王府学校 傅莹老师)
AP微观经济学市场结构部分20道精华题目（傅莹老师）Questions 1-2 refer to the graph below1. If the firm produces 10 units of output, its economic profits will equal (2012,第8题，AP微观, Answer: B)(A) 0(B) $50(C) $100(D) $150(E) $2002. Which of the following is most likely to occur if the firm increases production beyond 10 units? (2012,第9题，AP微观, Answer: C)(A) Consumers would be willing to purchase more than 10 units at the price of $20 per unit(B) The firm would definitely experience a loss.(C) The firm would have to lower its price to sell more than 10 units.(D) The firm’s average cost of production would initially increase.(E) The firm’s profits would increase.3. Which of the following statements about a constant-cost perfectly competitive industry in long-run equilibrium must be true? . (2012,第10题，AP微观, Answer: A)(A) An increase in demand will cause no change in the long-run equilibrium price.(B) An increase in demand will cause no change in the long-run equilibrium quantity.(C) The long-run supply curve is upward sloping.(D) The long-run supply curve is perfectly inelastic.(E) The total cost of production remains the same as output increases.4. In which of the following market structures do firms recognize their mutual interdependence? (2012,第11题，AP微观, Answer: A)(A) Oligopoly(B) Monopoly(C) Perfect competition(D) Unregulated natural monopoly(E) Monopsony5. Assume that a profit-maximizing firm is perfectly competitive in both the output and the factor Markets and is at its long-run equilibrium. The firm’s output is 100 units, its total revenue is $600.00, and the fixed cost of production is $50.00. Based on this information, which of the following is true for the firm? (2012,第12题，AP微观, Answer: E)(A) Its marginal cost is $5.50, and its average total cost is $5.50.(B) Its marginal cost is $5.50, and its average variable cost is $5.50.(C) Its marginal cost is $6.00, and its average total cost is $5.50.(D) Its marginal cost is $6.00, and its average fixed cost is $5.50.(E) Its marginal cost is $6.00, and its average variable cost is $5.50.6. Within the range of market demand, which of the following is consistent with the conditions? of a natural monopoly? (2012, 第21题，AP微观, Answer: C)(A) Long-run total cost decreases as output increases.(B) Long-run average total cost remains constant as output increases.(C) Long-run average total cost decreases as output increases.(D) Marginal cost exceeds average cost.(E) Setting price equal to marginal cost will maximize profits.7. A constant-cost, perfectly competitive gadget industry is in long-run equilibrium. An increase in the number of consumers of gadgets will most likely result in (2012,第23题，AP微观, Answer: D)(A) higher short-run and long-run prices for gadgets(B) reduced short-run profits, followed by the exit of some firms(C) an upward shift in all short-run cost curves, followed by a higher long-run price for gadgets(D) a higher short-run price for gadgets, followed by an increase in the quantity produced(E) a decrease in the demand for gadgets, followed by a decrease in the supply of gadgets8. The profit-maximizing firm depicted in the graph above should (2012,第24题，AP 微观, Answer: A)(A) exit if conditions do not improve in the long run(B) produce the output that minimizes average total cost(C) increase price to maximize profits(D) increase output to maximize profits(E) use less capital and more labor to reduce cost9. The graph above shows the short-run cost curves of a firm in a perfectly competitive market. Which of the following are true at the firm’s profit maximizing output level? (2012,第38题，AP微观, Answer: C)I. Price exceeds average total cost.II. Economic profits are zero.III. Marginal cost equals average total cost.IV. New firms are likely to enter the market in the long run.(A) I and II only(B) I and III only(C) I and IV only(D) II, III, and IV only(E) I, II, III, and IV10. Which of the following best describes an oligopolistic market? (2012,第39题，AP微观, Answer: C)(A) Many sellers with identical products and no barriers to entry(B) Many sellers, each with a clearly differentiated product, and no barriers to Entry(C) A few competing sellers with similar products and high barriers to entry(D) A few competing sellers of identical products and no barriers to entry(E) No competition among sellers and high barriers to entry11. The payoff matrix below shows the per-unit profits associated with the production strategies of two utility companies, UA and UB. Each firm has two choices: to reduce production by 10 percent or by 20 percent. The first entry in each cell indicates the profits to UA, and the second, the profits to UB. (2012,第39题，AP微观, Answer: B)Based on the information, and assuming no cooperation, which of the following statements is true?(A) Neither company has a dominant strategy.(B) Both companies have an incentive to reduce production by 10%.(C) Both companies have an incentive to reduce production by 20%.(D) Only UA has an incentive to reduce production by 20%.(E) Only UB has an incentive to reduce production by 20%.12. In order to minimize short-run losses, a profit maximizing firm will necessarily shut down production under which of the following conditions? (2012,第41题，AP 微观, Answer: D)(A) Total revenue is less than total cost.(B) Marginal cost is greater than average total cost.(C) Marginal cost is less than marginal revenue.(D) Average revenue is less than average variable cost.(E) Average revenue is less than average total cost.13. Most economists argue that a monopoly is inefficient because it (2012,第44题，AP微观, Answer: B)(A) has no incentive to minimize its costs(B) produces too little output and sets a price above marginal cost(C) earns too much profit by charging consumers any price it wants(D) produces too much output and thus wastes scarce resources(E) usually produces unsafe products if not regulated by government14. The graph above shows the total revenue and total cost curves for a firm in which type of market structure and what is the profit-maximizing quantity? (2012,第52题，AP微观, Answer: D)Market Structure Quantity(A) Monopoly Q2(B) Monopoly Q3(C) Perfect Competition Q1(D) Perfect Competition Q3(E) Perfect Competition Q415. A monopolistically competitive firm advertises in order to (2012,第57题，AP微观, Answer: B)(A) shift the demand curve for its product to the left(B) make the demand for its product less price elastic(C) make its product more similar to its competitors’(D) increase its positive externalities(E) reduce the industry’s barriers to entry16. Instead of being employed at a printing company at a salary of $25,000 per year, Sally starts her own printing firm. Rather than renting a building that she owns to someone else for $10,000 per year, she uses it as the location for her company. Her costs for workers, materials, advertising, and energy during her first year are $125,000. If the total revenue from her printing company is $155,000, her total economic profit is (2012,第28题，AP微观, Answer: A)(A) -$5,000(B) $5,000(C) $20,000(D) $30,000(E) $120,00017. The use of game theory to explain strategic behavior among firms is most associated with which of the following market structures? (2013, 第9题，AP微观. Answer:C)(A) Perfect competition(B) Monopolistic competition(C) Oligopoly(D) Monopoly(E) Monopsony18. All of the following are essential characteristics of a perfectly competitive industry EXCEPT: (2013, 第10题，AP微观. Answer:D)(A) All products produced by the firms in the industry are homogeneous.(B) All firms in the industry are price takers.(C) All consumers and firms are completely aware of the prices at which transactions take place in theindustry.(D) There are barriers to entry into and exit from the industry.(E) Price is equal to marginal revenue for every firm in the industry.19. Which of the following indicates that a perfectly competitive firm is in long-run equilibrium? (2013, 第13题，AP微观. Answer:C)(A) Price equals marginal cost.(B) Price equals average revenue.(C) Price equals marginal cost, which equals average total cost.(D) Price equals average revenue, which equals marginal revenue.(E) Price equals average fixed cost.20. If a perfectly competitive firm is producing where marginal cost is rising and greater than marginal revenue, to maximize profits it should (2013, 第16题，AP 微观. Answer:B)(A) increase the level of production(B) decrease the level of production(C) maintain current level of production(D) increase price(E) decrease price。
《微观经济学》自测题试卷二及参考答案
《微观经济学》自测题试卷二一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共15分）1.短期生产函数的短期是指（）。
A.一年以内B.半年以内C.与具体时间长短无关D.时间非常短2.完全竞争市场厂商的总收益曲线是（）。
A.以不变的斜率向上倾斜B.水平C.以不变的斜率向下倾斜D.垂直3.媒体刊登了一种补肾的“薏米山药粥”，配料是“薏米100克，山药200克，玫瑰花5克，大枣20克，冰糖适量”。
该条信息将会（）。
A.使薏米的需求量增加B.使薏米的需求增加C.不一定，需求增加，供给也会增加D.使薏米的价格上升4.如果一个企业经历规模报酬不变阶段，则LAC曲线是（）。
A.上升的B.下降的C.垂直的D.水平的5.不完全竞争的企业面对着向下倾斜的需求曲线，这意味着（）。
A.它们对价格有一定程度的控制能力B.它们对价格有完全的控制能力C.它们不能控制价格D.需求是完全有弹性的6.如果等成本线在坐标平面上与等产量线相交，那么要生产等产量曲线表示的产量水平（）。
A.还可以减少成本支出B.不能再减少成本支出C.应该再增加成本支出D.上述都不正确7.如果在需求曲线上有一点，ed=4，P=12元，则MR等于（）。
A .30元B. 20元C. 9元D .15元8.微观经济学是经济学的一个分支，主要研究（）。
A.市场经济B.个体行为C.总体经济活动D.失业和通货膨胀等9.由企业购买或租用任何生产要素所发生的成本是指( )。
A.显性成本B.隐性成本C.变动成本D.固定成本10.当一个完全竞争行业实现长期均衡时，每个企业（）。
A.都实现了正常利润B.利润都为零C.行业中没有任何厂商再进出D.以上说法都对11.完全竞争企业在长期均衡状态下，成本不变的行业中，产量的增加量（）。
A.完全来自新企业B.完全来自原有企业C.要么来自原有企业，要么来自新企业D.部分来自新企业，部分来自原企业。
12.假定X、Y的价格PX、PY已定，当MRSXY＞PX/PY时，消费者为达到最大满足，他将（）。
《西方经济学》(微观部分)模拟试题及答案
《西方经济学》（微观部分）模拟试题及答案西方经济学模拟试题一一、单项选择题:从下列每小题的四个选项中，选出一项正确的，将其标号填在题后的括号内。
（每小题 2 分，共20 分）1。
下列哪一项会导致某种商品需求曲线向左移动？( B）A.消费者收入增加B.互补品价格上升C.替代品价格上升D.该商品的价格下降2.同一条无差异曲线上的不同点表示:（B）A.效用水平相同,所消费的两种商品组合比例也相同B。
效用水平相同，所消费的两种商品组合比例却不同C.效用水平不同，所消费的两种商品组合比例也不同D.效用水平不同,所消费的两种商品组合比例却相同3.利润最大化的原则是：（B ）A。
边际成本小于边际收益B.边际成本等于边际收益C。
边际成本大于边际收益D.边际成本等于平均成本4。
下列哪一个不是垄断竞争的特征？（A ）A.企业数量很少B.进出该行业容易C.存在产品差别D。
企业忽略其竞争对手的反应5。
随着工资水平的提高：(B ）A。
劳动的供给量一直增加B.劳动的供给量先增加,但工资提高到一定水平后,劳动的供给不仅不会增加反而会减少C.劳动的供给量增加到一定程度后就不会增加也不会减少了D。
劳动的供给量先减少，后增加6。
一年内在本国领土所生产的最终产品的市场价值总和被称为：（B ）A。
国民生产总值B。
国内生产总值C。
国内生产净值D.实际国内生产总值7.由一种工作转换到另一种工作而导致的失业称为：（B )A.总需求不足的失业B。
摩擦性失业C.结构性失业D.周期性失业8.根据简单的凯恩斯主义模型，引起国内生产总值减少的原因是：（A ）A.消费减少B.储蓄减少C.消费增加D。
总供给减少9.根据菲利普斯曲线，降低通货膨胀率的办法是：（C ）A.减少货币供给量B。
降低失业率C。
提高失业率D。
增加工资10.紧缩性货币政策的运用导致：（C ）A。
减少货币供给量，降低利率B。
增加货币供给量,提高利率C.减少货币供给量，提高利率D。
增加货币供给量，降低利率二、判断正误题：正确的命题在括号里划“√”，错误的命题在括号里划“×”。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Multiple-ChoiceTime—1 hour and 10 minutes60 questionsFor the multiple-choice questions that follow, select the best answer.nd, labor, capital and entrepreneurial talent are often referredto asA.production possibilities.B.goods and services.C.unlimited human wants.D.opportunity costs.E.scarce economic resources.2.The law of increasing costs is useful in describingA. a demand curve.B. a marginal benefit curve.C. a linear production possibility frontier.D. a concave production possibility frontier.E. a total fixed costs curve.3.Which of the following is likely to have a demand curve that is theleast elastic?A.Demand for the perfectly competitive firm's output.B.Demand for the oligopoly firm's output with a homogenousproduct.C.Demand for the oligopoly firm's output with a differentiatedproduct.D.Demand for the monopolistically competitive firm's output.E.Demand for the monopoly firm's output.4.The figure above shows the production possibility frontiers (PPFs)for two nations that produce crabs and cakes. If these nations specialize and trade based on the principle of comparativeadvantage, which of the following trade agreements benefit both nations?A.Nation A trades three crabs to Nation B in exchange for twocakes.B.Nation A trades three cakes to Nation B in exchange for threecrabs.C.Nation A trades one cake to Nation B in exchange for two crabs.D.Nation A trades one crab to Nation B in exchange for two cakes.E.Nation A trades four crabs to Nation B in exchange for sixcakes.5.Which of the following scenarios would increase a nation'sproduction possibility frontier (PPF)?A.The nation's system of higher education slowly declines inquality.B.The nation invests in research and development of newtechnology.C.The nation's infant mortality rate increases.D.Environmental pollution severely damages the health of thepopulation.E.Mineral reserves are exhausted.6. A rational consumer who is eating Girl Scout cookies stops eatingwhenA.the total benefit equals the total cost of eating cookies.B.the marginal benefit equals the marginal cost of the nextcookie.C.the marginal cost of eating cookies is maximized.D.the marginal benefit of eating cookies is minimized.E.the price of the cookie equals the marginal benefit of thenext cookie.7. A competitive market for coffee, a normal good, is currently inequilibrium. Which of the following would most likely result in an increase in the demand for coffee?A.Consumer income falls.B.The price of tea rises.C.The wage of coffee plantation workers falls.D.Technology in the harvesting of coffee beans improves.E.The price of coffee brewing machines rises.8.Which of the following certainly lowers the equilibrium price ofa good exchanged in a competitive market?A.The demand curve shifts to the right.B.The supply curve shifts to the left.C.The demand curve shifts to the left and the supply curveshifts to the right.D.The demand curve shifts to the right and the supply curveshifts to the left.E.Both the demand and supply curves shift to the left.9.An effective price ceiling in the market for good X likely resultsinA. a persistent surplus of good X.B. a persistent shortage of good X.C.an increase in the demand for good Y, a substitute for goodX.D. a decrease in the demand for good Z, a complement with goodX.E. a rightward shift in the supply curve of good X.10.Which of the following goods is likely to have the most elasticdemand curve?A.Demand for white Ford minivans.B.Demand for automobiles.C.Demand for Ford automobiles.D.Demand for American-made automobiles.E.Demand for a Ford minivan.11.Which of the following is a fundamental aspect of the free marketsystem?A. A high degree of government involvement.B.Public ownership of resources.C.Private property.D.Central planners set wages and prices.E.Employers consult government agencies for guidance in hiringworkers with appropriate job skills.12.The elasticity of supply is typically greater whenA.producers have fewer alternative goods to produce.B.producers have less time to respond to price changes.C.producers are operating near the limits to their production.D.producers have less access to raw materials necessary forproduction.E.producers have more time to respond to price changes.13.Good X is exchanged in a competitive market. Which of the followingis true if an excise tax is now imposed on the production of good X ?1.If the demand curve is perfectly elastic, the price rises bythe amount of the tax.2.The consumer's burden of the tax rises, as the demand curveis more elastic.3.Consumer surplus rises as a result of the tax.4.The consumer's burden of the tax rises, as the demand curveis less elastic.5.If the demand curve is perfectly inelastic, the price doesnot rise as a result of the tax.14.Which of the following is an implicit cost for the owner of a smallstore in your hometown?.The wage that is paid to the assistant manager.A.The cost of purchasing canned goods from a wholesale fooddistributor.B.The value placed on the owner's skills in an alternativecareer.C.The cost of cooling the refrigerated meat display.D.The price of placing an advertisement in the local newspaper.15.Suppose a price floor is installed in the market for coffee. Oneresult of this policy would be. a decrease in the demand for coffee-brewing machines.A. a persistent shortage of coffee in the market.B.an increase in consumer surplus due to lower coffee prices.C.an increase in the demand for coffee.D. a decrease in the profits for the owners of coffeeplantations.Questions 16–17 refer to the table below, which describesemployment and production of a firm that hires labor and produces output in competitive markets. The competitive price of the product is $.50.16.Which unit of labor has marginal revenue product equal to $1.50?.1stA.2ndB.3rdC.4thD.5th17.If the wage paid to all units of labor is $4.50, how many units oflabor are hired?. 1A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 518.Which of the following is true of the perfectly competitive firmin the short run?.The firm earns a normal profit.A.The firm shuts down if the price falls below average totalcost.B.The firm earns positive economic profit.C.The firm maximizes profit by producing where the price equalsmarginal revenue.D.The firm may earn positive, negative, or normal profits.Questions 19–21 refer to the figure below.19.If the current price is 0B, we would expect. a surplus in the market to be eliminated by rising prices.A. a shortage in the market to be eliminated by falling prices.B. a surplus in the market to be eliminated by falling prices.C.quantity demanded to be equal to quantity supplied as themarket is in equilibrium.D. a shortage in the market to be eliminated by rising prices.20.If the price were to fall from 0C to 0A, which of the following wouldbe true?.Dollars spent on this good would increase if demand for the good were price inelastic.A.Dollars spent on this good would decrease if demand for thegood were price elastic.B.Dollars spent on this good would increase if demand for thegood were price elastic.C.Dollars spent on this good would increase if demand for thegood were unitary price elastic.D.Dollars spent on this good would decrease if demand for thegood were unitary price elastic.21.If the market is in equilibrium, which of the following areascorresponds to producer surplus?.BGDA.0AHJB.0DGKC.0BGD.0BGK22.The downward sloping demand curve is partially explained by whichof the following?.Substitution effects and income effects.A.The Law of Increasing Marginal Costs.B.The principle of comparative advantage.C.The Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns to production.D.The least-cost principle.23.Dorothy has daily income of $20, each cup of coffee costs P c = $1and each scone costs P s = $4. The table below provides us with Dorothy's marginal utility (MU) received in the consumption of each good. As a utility-maximizing consumer, which combination of coffee and scones should Dorothy consume each day?. 2 coffee and 2 sconesA. 5 coffee and 6 sconesB. 3 coffee and 2 sconesC. 4 coffee and 4 sconesD. 4 coffee and 16 scones24.You are told that the Gini coefficient of income inequality hasrisen from .35 to .85. Which of the following is a likely cause of this change?.Market power in the factor and output markets has increased.bor market discrimination has been eliminated.B.The distribution of wealth and property has become moreequitable.C.The vast majority of adults have achieved at least a collegedegree.D.The tax system has become even more progressive.25.The figure above best represents which of the following functions?.Total product of laborA.Total revenueB.Total costC.Total utilityD.Total short-run economic profits26.If it is true that bacon and eggs are complementary goods, then.the income elasticity of bacon is positive and the income elasticity for eggs is negative.A.the price elasticity for eggs is greater than the priceelasticity for bacon.B.the cross-price elasticity between bacon and eggs isnegative.C.the income elasticity of bacon is negative and the incomeelasticity for eggs is positive.D.the cross-price elasticity between bacon and eggs ispositive.27.A firm employs variable amounts of labor to a fixed amount of capitalto produce output. If the daily wage paid to labor increases, how does this affect the firm's costs?28.Diminishing marginal returns to short-run production begin when.the average product of labor begins to fall.A.the total product of labor begins to fall.B.marginal product of labor becomes negative.C.average variable cost begins to rise.D.marginal product of labor begins to fall.29.Which of the following is a characteristic of perfect competition?.Firms produce a homogeneous product.A.Barriers to entry exist.B.Firms are price-setting profit maximizers.C.The government regulates the price so that dead weight lossis eliminated.D.Long-run positive profits are available.30.The table above shows how hiring increasing amounts of labor to afixed amount of capital affects the hourly output of Molly'slemonade stand. Based on this table of production data, which of the following can be said?.Diminishing marginal returns begins with the first worker hired.A.Marginal cost begins to rise at the 6th worker hired.B.Total product is maximized at the 3rd worker hired.C.Average product begins to decline with the first workerhired.D.Diminishing marginal returns begins with the 4th workerhired.31.The figure above shows the long-run average cost curve of acompetitive firm. Which of the following choices best describes Region B in the diagram?.Economies of scaleA.Diseconomies of scaleB.Constant returns to scaleC.Diminishing returns to scaleD.Increasing returns to scale32.The market for good X is currently in equilibrium. Which of thefollowing choices would NOT cause both a decrease in the equilibrium price of good X and a decrease in the equilibrium quantity of good X?. A decrease in consumer income and good X is a normal good.A.An increase in consumer income and good X is an inferior good.B.An increase in the price of good Y, a complement for good X.C. A decrease in the price of good Y, a substitute for good X.D.An increase in the number of consumers in the market for goodX.Questions 33–34 refer to the figure below, which shows cost curves for a competitive firm.33.If average variable cost at a quantity of 10 is $25, what is thevalue of $Y in the figure above?.$250A.$25B.$35C.$1000D.$35034.At a quantity of 10, what is the value of $(Y–X)?.$100A.$25B.$10C.$35D.$35035.The demand for labor falls if.labor productivity falls.A.price of the good produced by labor rises.B.the price of a complementary input falls.C.demand for the good produced by labor rises.D. a minimum wage is removed from the labor market.Questions 36–37 refer to the graph below.36.The curve labeled 4 represents which of the following?.Marginal costA.Marginal product of laborB.Average total costC.Average fixed costD.Average variable cost37.Where is the shut down point for this perfectly competitive firm?.Any price below curve 4.A.Any price below 0c.B.Any price below curve 3.C.Any price below curve 2.D.Any quantity less than Q.38.If a market for a good is producing a negative externality,.at the market output the marginal costs to society exceed the private marginal costs of production.A.at the market output the marginal benefits to society exceedthe private marginal costs of production.B.at the market output the marginal costs to society exceed thetotal benefits to society.C.at the market output the private marginal costs of productionexceed the marginal costs to society.D.at the market output the marginal benefits to society exceedthe marginal costs to society.39.Which of the following is a characteristic of a monopoly market?.Firms produce a homogeneous product.A.Barriers to entry exist.B.Firms are price-taking profit maximizers.C.Dead weight loss is eliminated through entry of competingfirms in the long run.D.In the long run the firm earns normal profits.40.A monopolist may be able to maintain long-run positive profit dueto.dead weight loss.A.economies of scale in production.B. a price that is set equal to average total cost.C.perfectly elastic demand for the product.D.entry of new firms that keep the price high.Questions 41–42 refer to the graph below.41.If this firm were a profit-maximizing monopolist, the price, outputand profit would be42.Consumer surplus in the monopolist market is equal to the area:.abce.A.abcf.B.P 5cd.C.0Q1a P1.D.P1P5ca.43.The top six firms in an oligopolistic industry have market sharesof 25%, 25%, 15%, 10%, 6%, and 3%. Many smaller firms split the restof the market. What is the value of the four-firm concentration ratio?.65%A.54%B.75%C.34%D.50%44.Which of the following statements are true of consumerutility-maximizing behavior?.tility from consumption of good X is maximized when the marginal utility is equal to zero.I.Total utility from consumption of good X rises at a decreasingrate.II.The consumer spends limited income until the quantity of good X consumed is equal to the quantity of good Y.C.I onlyD.II onlyE.III onlyF.I and II onlyG.II and III only45.Oligopoly has at times been the subject of government antitrustregulation. Which of the following is a reason for this government regulation?.Price is approximately equal to marginal cost.A.Price is approximately equal to average total cost.B.Dead weight loss lessens over time.C.Consumer surplus is lost as market power increases.D.Market efficiency is maximized.46.The production of chicken often results in offending odors that arepicked up by the wind and blown over rural communities. This is an example of a ___externality, the result of which are spillover ___and an _____of resources to chicken production..negative, costs, underallocation.A.negative, benefits, overallocationB.negative, benefits, underallocationC.positive, costs, overallocationD.negative, costs, overallocation47.Which of the following are shared by perfectly competitive firmsand monopolistically competitive firms?.Barriers to entryI.Normal profits in the long runII.Excess capacityIII. A homogenous productD.I onlyE.II onlyF.III onlyG.II and IV onlyH.I, II, and III only48.The monopolistically competitive price is above marginal revenuebecause.firms have differentiated products.A.firms are price takers.B.firms produce a homogenous product.C.the market is allocatively efficient.D.profits are normal in the long run.49.Dead weight loss in industries with market power is a result of.profit-maximizing output occurs where price equals marginal revenue.A.profit-maximizing output occurs where price exceeds marginalcost.B.profit-maximizing output occurs where price equals marginalcost.C.profit-maximizing output occurs where price exceeds averagetotal cost.D.profit-maximizing output occurs where price equals averagetotal cost.50.If the government wishes to regulate a natural monopoly so that itearns a normal profit, it sets.Price = Marginal Cost.A.Marginal Revenue = Marginal Cost.B.Price = Average Total Cost.C.Price = Marginal Revenue.D.Marginal Revenue = Average Total Cost.51.Which of the following would improve the efficiency of a monopolymarket?.The government regulates the monopolist to produce the output where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.A.The government provides additional legal barriers to entry.B.The government subsidizes the monopolist so that they achieveeven greater economies of scale.C.The government eliminates trade barriers on potential foreignproducers.D.The government regulates the monopolist to produce the outputwhere monopoly profits are maximized.52.Which of the following increases the demand for interstate truckdrivers?.An increase in the wage of truck drivers.A.An increase in the supply of truck drivers.B.An increase in the price of diesel fuel, which is used to powersemitrucks.C. A decrease in the demand for interstate shipping.D. A decrease in the price of semitrucks.53.A monopsony employer hires labor up to the point where.Wage = Marginal Factor Cost.A.Marginal Factor Cost = Marginal Product of Labor.B.Marginal Factor Cost = Marginal Revenue Product of Labor.C.Wage = Marginal Revenue Product of Labor.D.Wage = Price of the good produced by the labor.54.The price of labor is $5 and the price of capital is $10 per unit.Using the table below, what is the least cost combination of labor and capital that should be hired to produce 18 units of output?. 1 Labor and 2 CapitalA. 4 Labor and 8 CapitalB. 2 Labor and 1 CapitalC. 5 Labor and 5 CapitalD. 3 Labor and 2 Capital55.A cartel is often the result of.perfectly competitive firms that agree to produce a homogenous product.A.oligopoly competitors that agree to restrict output tomaximize joint profits.B. a monopoly that has been regulated by the government.C. a natural monopoly that has evolved into a perfectlycompetitive industry.D.monopolistically competitive firms that have agreed to earnnormal profits in the long run.56.Suppose the state requires hairdressers and manicurists to pass aseries of exams to be certified cosmetologists. How does this policy change the supply of cosmetologists, the equilibrium wage, and the price of a manicure?57.The local market for bankers is currently in equilibrium. Which ofthe following increases the local wage paid to bankers?.Internet banking at home is becoming more popular.A.More college students are majoring in finance and economics,majors that make them attractive as bank employees.B.The price of banking software, a complementary resource tobankers, rises.C.Several banks in the local market merge and consolidate manyoperations.D.The price of automatic teller machines, a substitute forbankers, decreases and the output effect is greater than thesubstitution effect.58.The U.S. government collects tax revenue, buys military equipmentfrom many private firms, and uses this equipment to provide national defense to all Americans. This is a good example of. a natural monopoly.A.an excise tax on military equipment.B. a regressive tax.C. a public good.D.dead weight loss.59.Which of the following scenarios is the best example of a positiveexternality?.Your neighbor has a swimming pool and throws loud late-night parties.A.Your neighbor has a swimming pool and allows you free access.B.Your neighbor has a swimming pool and the powerful chlorineodor blows into your open dining room window.C.Your neighbor has a swimming pool and allows you to use it inexchange for letting his kids use your swing.D.Your neighbor has a swimming pool that is conducive for thebreeding of mosquitoes.60.Because of the free-rider effect, the private marketplace tends to.provide the allocatively efficient amount of a public good.A.produce too much of a public good, requiring the governmentto intervene and tax the production of it.B.produce a public good in the amount where the marginal benefitto society equals the marginal cost to society.C.produce too little of the public good, requiring the governmentto intervene and provide it for all.D.produce too little of the public good, requiring the governmentto intervene and ban it.。