珠宝微课堂第一课——宝石的基本概念What is a gem
走进珠宝玉石微课教案

走进珠宝玉石微课教案珠宝玉石微课教案是一门关于珠宝和玉石的微型课程,旨在向学生介绍珠宝和玉石的基本知识、历史、鉴别和鉴赏技巧等内容。
通过这门微课,学生可以了解到珠宝和玉石的种类、特点、市场行情以及鉴别真伪的方法,从而提高他们的鉴赏能力和购买技巧。
本文将从珠宝和玉石的基本知识、历史、鉴别和鉴赏技巧等方面展开介绍。
一、珠宝和玉石的基本知识。
珠宝是一种用贵重金属或宝石制成的装饰品,如钻石、红宝石、蓝宝石、祖母绿等。
而玉石是一种传统的中国文化瑰宝,被誉为“石中美玉”,是中国传统文化的象征之一。
珠宝和玉石都有着悠久的历史和深厚的文化底蕴,是人们喜爱的饰品之一。
在微课中,学生将学习到珠宝和玉石的种类、颜色、透明度、切工、重量、成色等基本知识。
他们将了解到不同种类的珠宝和玉石具有不同的特点,如钻石的硬度高、红宝石的颜色鲜艳、翡翠的种类繁多等。
通过学习这些基本知识,学生可以更好地了解和鉴别珠宝和玉石,从而提高他们的鉴赏能力。
二、珠宝和玉石的历史。
珠宝和玉石作为人类文明的产物,拥有着悠久的历史。
在微课中,学生将了解到珠宝和玉石在不同历史时期的发展和演变。
他们将了解到古埃及人民将珠宝视为神圣的象征,古希腊人民则将珠宝用于装饰和礼物,古罗马人民则将珠宝作为权力和地位的象征。
而在中国,玉石更是被视为吉祥和幸福的象征,被广泛应用于装饰和礼品。
通过学习珠宝和玉石的历史,学生可以更好地了解到珠宝和玉石的文化内涵和历史价值,从而更好地欣赏和鉴赏这些珍贵的宝物。
三、珠宝和玉石的鉴别技巧。
在微课中,学生将学习到珠宝和玉石的鉴别技巧。
他们将了解到珠宝和玉石的真假鉴别方法,如通过肉眼观察颜色、透明度、切工等特征,通过放大镜观察内部包裹物和瑕疵,通过专业仪器测量硬度、密度等指标等。
这些鉴别技巧将帮助学生更好地辨别珠宝和玉石的真伪,避免购买假货和受骗上当。
通过学习珠宝和玉石的鉴别技巧,学生可以提高他们的鉴赏能力和购买技巧,从而更好地选择和购买珠宝和玉石。
宝石学基础教学大纲

《宝石学基础》教学大纲一.课程性质与任务《宝石学基础》是珠宝专业必修的一门专业基础理论课。
该课程的主要任务是使学生掌握珠宝玉石基础知识及常见珠宝玉石基本特征,掌握常用珠宝仪器的操作方法,初步具备未知宝石的能力,并能在珠宝首饰鉴定、首饰营销、珠宝首饰设计、珠宝加工中的应用。
二.课程教学总体目标(一)知识目标:让学生掌握宝石基础理论知识,掌握各类珠宝玉石基本知识,能正确运用珠宝鉴定仪器鉴定宝石种,为其它几门珠宝专业课程打下坚实的理论基础。
(二)职业能力目标锻炼学生目测珠宝鉴定能力和仪器使用鉴定能力,能到企业熟练使用珠宝鉴定仪器等的能力。
三.教学内容及其具体教学目标和要求第一章.宝石的基本概念1宝.石的概念2宝.石的分类3宝.石的命名4宝.石的属性5宝.石的价值6宝.石的性质要求:宝石的基本概念、分类、属性及价值。
要求学生掌握:宝石的概念、宝石的分类、宝石的命名;了解:跟宝石相关的一些知识,如:地质学基础、结晶学基础、地球化学基础、宝石的物理性质、常用鉴定方法等。
第二章.钻石1.概述2.钻石的基本性质3.钻石真假鉴别要求学生掌握:钻石的一些基本性质、钻石的现状、钻石的真假鉴别;了解:钻石的基本性质、钻石的评价等。
第三章.红宝石和蓝宝石1.概述2.红宝石和蓝宝石的鉴别要求学生掌握:红宝石和蓝宝石的一些基本性质、红宝石和蓝宝石的现状;了解:红宝石和蓝宝石的鉴别。
第四章.绿柱石类宝石1概.述2主.要宝石品种3祖.母绿和海蓝宝石的鉴别要求学生掌握:绿柱石类宝石的一些基本性质、几种主要宝石品种、绿柱石类宝石的现状;了解:绿柱石类宝石的鉴别与评价。
第五章.翡翠1概.述。
2翡.翠的鉴别要求学生掌握:翡翠的一些基本性质、翡翠的鉴别与大体评价;了解:与相似翡翠的鉴别。
第六章.玉石1软.玉2岫.玉3独.山玉要求学生掌握:软玉、岫玉、独山玉之间的区别,软玉、岫玉、独山玉的一些基本性质;了解:软玉、岫玉、独山玉的品种和评价。
宝石的标准分类与命名

b. 在珠宝玉石鉴定证书中必须注明具体处理方法。 c. 在有疑问,但目前鉴定技术条件下不能确定是否经过处 理情况下,在名称中可以不予表示,但鉴定证书或其他文件中 必须备注说明未能确定是否经过XX处理字样。 d. 经处理的人工宝石可直接使用人工宝石基本名称定名。
§2-2-3-7 再造宝石定名规则
一、定名规则 再造宝石定名:再造字样 + 所组成天然珠宝玉石名 称。 例如:再造琥珀、再造绿松石。 二、注意事项 再造宝石一般在原料易碎的宝石品种中出现。 例如:琥珀和绿松石等,这些原料重新熔结或胶结后 不易区分。
§2-2-3-8 仿宝石定名规则
一、定名规则 必须在所要模仿的天然珠宝玉石名称前加仿字。例如 :仿祖母绿、仿珍珠等。
常见的仿宝石有:仿钻石、仿红宝石、仿祖母绿、仿珍珠等。
§2-2 珠宝玉石的标准命名
§2-2-1 珠宝玉石名称来源 §2-2-2 珠宝玉石定名原则 §2-2-3 各类宝石定名规则
§2-2-1 珠宝玉石名称来源
1、颜色命名:红宝石、绿宝石、蓝宝石等。 2、特殊光学效应命名:星光宝石、猫眼、变石等。 3、以产地命名:岫玉、南方与、南阳玉、和田玉等。 4、以矿物、岩石名称命名:蛇纹石玉、尖晶石、电气 石等。 5、古代流传下来的传统名称:翡翠、琥珀等。 6、以厂商、生产方式、样式等命名:查塔姆祖母绿、 林德祖母绿等。
二、注意事项 1、不用雕琢形状定名天然玉石。 2、禁止单独使用玉或玉石直接代替具体的天然玉石 名称。 3、附录A中列出的带有地名的天然玉石基本名称不含 有产地含义。
§2-2-3-3 天然有机宝石定名规则
一、定名规则 直接使用天然有机宝石的基本名称或其矿物、岩石名 称定名,无需加天然字样; 天然珍珠、天然淡水珍珠、天然海水珍珠除外。
宝石鉴定(Gemstoneidentification)

宝石鉴定(Gemstone identification)I. concept questionsWhat is the 1. chalcedony gem?Answer: Alfa is chalcedony quartz, cryptocrystalline quartz aggregate, the three party system, also known as stone. Is divided into ordinary chalcedony, agate and Jasper three. Chalcedony hardness of about 6.5, the density of 2.58~2.64 and refractive index 1.53~1.54. Translucent to translucent, shiny glass to oil sheen, good toughness, color rich and colorful, some varieties with strange patterns and beautiful patterns, amazing.2. what is a diamond? What is its refractive index? What is its thermal conductivity? Is it higher than metal?Answer: Diamond refers to the diamond which has been refined. It is also called diamond. Refractive index: 2.417, diamond thermal conductivity can be as high as 2300W/mK, higher than the thermal conductivity of metals, its imitation cubic zirconia heat conductivity is only about 3.0W/mK,What should be marked when the 3. glue jade is sold?Answer: A: refers to the natural color of jade, including without any artificial treatment or only after processing legitimate, the color and texture basically retains the natural state of jade.B goods: refers to the bleaching - glue injection of jade, thatis, some of the background with yellow, brown, gray and other dirty color, after soaking with acid solution bleaching background, and then injected glue, filling, curing jade. Its color and transparency have been greatly improved, but the internal structure has been severely damaged. The national authorities issued a certificate in a jade identification results, if the result is natural a jade, only "jade" these two words, and not marked "a" and "natural" and other words. This is because the only natural a cargo results will be issued a "jade" certificate, and if B jade, results in the identification of a certificate will be marked "jade (processing)" or "jade (glue)" or "(jade B goods)" or "jade (optimization)".4. what is crystal? Amber crystal?A crystal is a solid in which the interior particles are periodically repeated in three-dimensional space. Having a fixed crystalline form, melting point, boiling point, not amber, having no fixed form, melting point and boiling point, being amorphous;5. where are the fields of Hetian jade and Dushan jade?Hetian jade is produced in Hetian of Xinjiang, and Dushan jade is produced in Nanyang city of Henan province.6. what is the main place of jade production?The world's jade producing areas are: Burma, Russia, the United States (California), America, Guatemala, Japan and otherplacesThe jade from Burma is of the best quality. Mainly in the Myitkyina region of northern Burma in Korea, called PHARKANT area output7. what is pearl? What about its internal structure? What's the color of the Pearl?Pearl is a part of a cell pearl shell mantle, the formation of Xiang pearl nacre secretion produced in the connective tissue. Accidental invasion of sand under natural conditions and parasites of foreign substances, to nacre secreting tissue (lateral mantle epithelial cells) to effectively stimulate the proliferation of tissue, causing deformity, and surrounded by foreign substances formed in the connective tissue of Xiang pearl and NACRE SECRETION deposited on the sand and other foreign substances on the formation of natural pearl.A.The surface of a pearl has a imbricate structure with an inner, concentric, radioactive, layered structure. Natural pearls: the long axis of the aragonite fragment is arranged in a radial arrangement, forming a concentric structure. The interior layers are "warm" tones, such as light yellow, light brown or black, etc., and the center thorn is a small sand or parasite - the nucleus is very small, without any kernel under the naked eye. Non nuclear cultured pearls: different shapes, rarely round, the central stimulus for the mussel's small pieces of membrane - freshwater cultured pearls, nuclear free. Nucleatedcultured pearls: nuclear shell beads may show stripe, pearl layer is wrapped in thin 2mm, the hole between the visible white shell pearl nucleus and nacre outer boundaries: Mariculture beads nucleus, nuclei.A series of concentric round pearls formed in an apparently layered structure with a pearl nucleus in the center; the pearl layer comprises amorphous matrix, calcite crystalline layer, aragonite crystalline layer.White, pink, light yellow, light green, light blue, brown, lilac, black and so on, mainly white. White streak.Common pearls are mostly silvery white, but there are many other colors.Pearl color can be divided into color and shading.Iris is caused by physical optical effect, it and the pearl layer transparency, pearl layer thickness and other factors. Body color is the color of nacre itself. According to the different colors of pearls, people divide the pearls into three groups: the light group, the black group and the colored group.Light colored pearls are the most common pearls. The group's common colors are silver white, creamy white, porcelain white, white rose, pink, yellowish, etc.. Among them, silver white, commonly known as "silver skin" is the most popular color;The second is known as the "Drunken Beauty" and "babe" pink, is loved by the people. The least popular in the light groupis the yellowish pearl. In fact, after long time light group pearl light and wear, often becomes yellow, so there are "worthless old sayings".Colored groups refer to pearls which are neither light nor dark but have other colors. Such as tin, gray, green, blue, purple, purple, yellow, gold and so on. The pearl is not common, but because of its color is not rich, the lack of attractive charm, so its market price is not necessarily higher than the light group.8. what is emerald? The world's most famous emerald origin where, in Charles under the filter was what Columbia emerald color?Emerald is a long history of high-quality emerald, the name originated from the ancient Persian "Zumurud", meaning "green stone" in ancient Greece called "jewel", later evolved into the Latin "Smaragdus". About sixteenth Century, emeralds have today's English name "Emerald"". The chemical name for Columbia, emerald, is beryllium aluminum silicate (Be3AL2Si6O18). gules9. what is sapphire? What are the main causes of its color?Sapphire is corundum, in addition to ruby red ruby, other colors corundum general name, the main component is alumina, natural sapphire can be divided into blue, sapphire and Yan sapphire. Because corundum contains trace elements of iron and titanium, and blue, blue, blue and other colors, with bright blue is the best. Yellow, pink, orange, purple, commonly referred to as colored sapphires.What are the light sources for 10. and two color mirrors?The two color mirror requires the use of unpolarized white light as the light source. Suitable light sources are sunlight, incandescent lamp and fluorescent lamp. When using daylight lamp,Light from the edge of the fluorescent lamp should be avoided.11. what is Jasper? What are the ingredients?.As a kind of more impurities, chalcedony, Jasper is a translucent green spinach nephrite,Chemical composition: CaMg5 (OH2) (Si4O11) 2, hydrous silicate, also has iron oxide, clay minerals and other impurities, sometimes containing epidote, magnetite formation of ribbons and color clusters.12. what is partial positive light? What is a gem with an all polarized light under an orthogonal polarizer?Natural light, after reflection, refraction, or through a special polarizing plate, changes the direction of the light's vibration, making it a light wave that is only vibrating in a fixed direction. This light wave is called plane polarized light or polarized light. The utility model is composed of a casting with a lamp and two polarizing plates, a polarizer (lower) and a deflection mirror (upper). When testing the jewel, the upper and lower polarizations are first positioned in an orthogonal positionFull dull gemstones are homogeneous gemstones13. what is a stone? What is its hardness?.The sun is a stone in the crystal because of plagioclase, containing hematite, goethite and mica mineral inclusions, the light reflection and golden dazzling flash, namely "solar effect", it is known as the sun stone, also known as the "Sun Stone", "Venus feldspar". Hardness is 6-7Two. Comprehension questions1. what is mineral? What are the crystal families and what crystal systems do they have?Minerals are natural objects that are formed by certain geological processes and are relatively stable under certain physical and chemical conditions. Most of them are clean simple substances and compounds. Divided into three crystal families, seven crystalline systems, lower crystalline family (three orthorhombic, monoclinic, orthorhombic), intermediate crystalline family (three square system, tetragonal, six Fang), higher crystalline family (equiaxed system)2. what is ruby? Where is the best quality of Burma ruby? Which color of ruby has the highest quality?Ruby refers to the color of red corundum, it is a kind of corundum, the main component is Al2O3, red from chromium (Cr). The ruby from Burma is one of the best in the world, especiallythe premium pigeon blood ruby. Usually the more pure, more intense ruby color, higher quality, higher value. So the crimson pigeon has the highest red blood quality.3. what are the special optical effects of gemstones?.Light reflection, refraction, reflection, interference, diffraction, dispersion, cat eye effect, antitumor effect, star effect, light effect, color change effect, pearl effect, Moonlight effect, color effect, color effect, opalescent effect.4. what is the gem cut? What's the name of each part of the standard diamond?.The cut is cutting and grinding process, is the gem processing into a certain roundness, depth, width and facet uniform jewelry process. Different stones have different cut,Different cut stones can be used for the same.Three. Questions and answers1. what are the differences between gems and jade?Generalized gem refers to all the beautiful stone, including jade, gem refers to the narrow sense element or compound natural output single crystalline mineral, jade refers to the collection of single mineral or mineral consisting of multi crystalline rock.The 2. main components of chalcedony, agate, opal, crystal is silicon dioxide, what is different?Opal in water, mainly opal, amorphous mineral, no fixed shape, proportion of 1.9--2.5 hardness of 5.5 chalcedony cryptocrystalline quartz is Alfa, a pure, some contain impurities, the proportion of 2.6 hardness of 6--6.5. An agate of Shi Yusui, a secretory body that grows from the outside and has a concentric layer,. Agate texture, smooth surface, the proportion of 2.55 to 2.91 hardness, 6.5--7 crystal stone, pure silica hardness 7.3. diamond and graphite are carbon in composition, why is diamond hardness much higher than graphite? Why can diamond be used for grinding diamond?Diamond is a diamond, belonging to atomic crystals, atoms and atoms between the covalent bond, the chemical bond is strong, graphite is a mixed crystal, layered. The layer is bonded by molecular bonds, and carborundum is silicon carbide. The hardness is smaller than that of diamond, but the strength is great. The diamond is usually in the direction of a parallel cube or diamond in twelve directions. The direction of the diamond is random and may contain a large amount of particles with relatively large hardness.Four, item: what is the jade goods and B goods? How to distinguish between jade and B?A: refers to the natural color of jade, including without any artificial treatment or only after processing legitimate, thecolor and texture basically retains the natural state of jade.B goods: refers to the bleaching - glue injection of jade, that is, some of the background with yellow, brown, gray and other dirty color, after soaking with acid solution bleaching background, and then injected glue, filling, curing jade. Its color and transparency have been greatly improved, but the internal structure has been severely damaged.(1) naked eye observation;B goods are often too bright colors, natural, floating, weak, lack of layering, and often have a sense of gum, resin or wax like ze.The texture of B goods is often not delicate enough, the quality of jade is not obvious, and the sound of percussion is boring.(2) microscopic observationIt can be seen that the shape and arrangement of mineral crystals in B are destroyed, the structures are loose, the grains are broken, the boundaries are blurred, and the particles are arranged out of direction and continuity.(3) observation under reflected lightThe yellowish brown silk appeared in the bleached yellow brown background of bleached jade, and the rough surface of spider appeared on the surface of bleached jadeite jade.(4) heavy liquid methodA proportion is 3.34.B goods due to acid etching and injection of lighter glue, so that the proportion of reduced, generally less than 3.32. In the proportion of two iodine methane heavy liquid 3.33, general cargo sinking, floating B goods.(5) UV fluorescence methodA general no obvious fluorescence under ultraviolet light reaction.B products often have fluorescent reactions under ultraviolet light, which are related to the nature of the adhesive material, and generally show weak to strong blue - yellow - green fluorescence.(6) infrared absorption spectrumThis is the most effective way to identify A and B products.According to GIA research data, infrared spectrum difference between a and B goods, mainly in the 2800 3200cm-1 range, a no absorption peak, and the B of goods has a set of characteristic absorption peak (below). The absorption characteristics of B spectra show that the polymers have the goods, the number and position of the peak absorption due to material differences.。
宝玉石基础

第二节 面角守恒定律和晶体的对称
一、面角守恒定律 晶体多为歪晶。
同种物质的晶体,其对应晶面间的夹角恒等。
二、晶体的对称
1、对称:是指物体或图形上具有完全相同的区域, 通过 一定的操作可使它们重复(复合)。
标轴就是晶轴,它们分别平行于空 间格子三条互不平等的边a0、b0、c0, 并交于晶体中心,相应地称为a轴、b
轴和c轴(或x、y、z轴)。 晶轴之间的交角为轴角。C与b交角为α,c与a交角为β,a 与b交角为γ。 空间格子单位边长a0、b0、c0的绝对长度 称单位轴长。 单位轴长a0、b0、c0的和轴角α、 β、 γ统 称格子要素(晶格常数或晶体常数)。
宝玉石概论宝玉石概论宝玉石基础宝石各论简介玉石和有机宝石各论简介宝玉石基础宝玉石基础第一章结晶学简介第四章宝石的光学性质第五章宝石的力学性质第一节宝石的概念第二节珠宝玉石的分类第三节宝石的命名第四节宝石的应用各种宝石第一节第一节宝石的概念宝石的概念一定义珠宝玉石是是天然宝石天然玉石天然有机宝石合成宝石人造宝石拼合宝石和再造宝石的统称广义宝石或珠宝
3.生辰石:如1月石榴石,2月紫晶。4月钻石,5月祖母 绿,7月红宝石,9月蓝色蓝宝石等。
4.国石:我国的国石侯选石为和田玉、岫岩玉、寿山石、 青田石、昌化石和巴林石。
5、作货币保值
复习思考题: 1、广义的宝石概念和狭义的宝石概念有何区别? 2、宝石必须具备的基本条件有哪些? 3、何谓宝石和玉石?试比较二者的异同。 4、宝石如何命名 ?
2、晶体中的对称要素:使晶体上相同区域规律重复操作 所凭借的几何要素(点、线、面)。
⑴对称轴(Ln)为一假想直线,当晶体依其为轴旋转一周 时,可使相同的区域作运用自如的重复。晶体中有一次 轴(L1)、二次轴(L2)、三次轴(L3)、四次轴(L4) 和六次轴(L6)。 晶体中不存在五次轴和大于次的对称轴,这是晶体 格子构造所决定的。
宝玉石鉴定基础

1.天然宝石矿物的族、种、亚种的划分 (1)族
指化学组成类似、晶体结构相同的一组类质同象系列的宝石。如石榴石族、电气石族、 长石族、辉石族。同一族宝石由若干个宝石品种组成。 (2)种
指主要化学组成和晶体结构都相同的宝石。例如石榴石族矿物中包括了铁铝榴石和镁铝 榴石等种。种是宝石命名的基本名称。
(3)亚种 亚种是矿物学中的一个概念,是指同一个种的矿物,因化学组成中的微量组分不同,
1.合成宝石 指完全或部分由人工制造且自然界有已知对应物的晶质体或非晶质体,其物理性质、化学成分和
晶体结构与所对应的天然珠宝玉石基本相同。 2.人造宝石
指由人工制造且自然界无已知对应物的晶质或非晶质体。如人造钛酸锶,迄今为止自然界中还未 发现此品种。
3.拼合宝石 指由两块或两块以上材料经人工拼合而成,给人以整体印象的珠宝玉石,简称“拼合
3. 天然有机宝石 指由自然界生物生成,部分或全部由有机物质组成,可用于首饰及装饰品的材料。养殖珍
珠(简称“珍珠”)也归于此类。 有机宝石是自然界生物作用形成的固体,它们部分或全部由有机物质组成,其中的一些品
种本身就是生物体的一部分,如大象的牙齿、玳瑁的壳。
(二)、人工宝石 指完全或部分由人工生产或制造,用作首饰及装饰品的材料。
石
橄
榴
榄
石
石
虎
金
睛
发
石
晶
坦桑石(黝帘石)
碧玺(电气石)
月 光 石 ( 长 石 )
(3)稀少宝石 有些宝石品种,它们往往由于产量低,不足以在市场上广为流通,通常在宝石试验室、陈 列室或收藏家手中才能出现的宝石。其价值要视的具体情况而定,如塔菲石,产自斯里兰卡, 可有米黄色、淡紫色、淡红色等颜色,最早发现的一块原石仅1.419ct。据统计,迄今为止能琢 磨成刻面宝石的塔菲石仅有几块。
认识宝石PPT课件
南洋珠
产于南太平洋 可分为白南洋珠、金色南洋珠、黑珍珠 珍珠中,价格最高
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淡水珠
淡水养殖的珍珠 产量最多、价格较低 大小不一、形状多样,但不及南洋珠、日本珠圆 颜色多样
27
珍珠的寓意
国际宝石界还将珍珠列为六月生辰的幸运石,结婚十 三周年和三十周年的纪念石。具有瑰丽色彩和高雅气 质的珍珠,象征着健康、纯洁、富有和幸福
凝聚财富的力量,属正财,是代表因辛勤努力而累积
的财富。
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发 晶:磁场能量较强,可增强胆识,加强一个人
红宝石
指颜色呈红色、粉红色的刚玉,它是刚玉的一种 主要成分是氧化铝,红色来自铬 摩氏硬度为9,仅次于钻石 天然红宝石大多来自亚洲(缅甸、泰国和斯里兰卡)、
非洲和澳大利亚
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象征意义
被誉为“爱情之石”,象征着热情似火,爱情的美好、 永恒和坚贞
21
珊瑚的颜色
常见颜色:浅粉红—深红色、橙色、白色,少见黑色, 偶见蓝色和紫色
红珊瑚在色彩上有一个过渡:AKA红(常说的阿卡深红) MOMO红(稍浅于阿卡红,桃红/橙红) ANGEL SKIN粉 红(常说的天使肌肤) 粉白(也称深水) 白色
22
珊瑚的寓意
对爱情而言,像珊瑚的红色一般,代表着热情与激 情。红珊瑚不但色美,在佛典中还被尊奉为“七宝” 之一,具有辟邪和尊贵的特性。在清朝,红珊瑚朝珠 是一二品官员才能享用的身份标志,珊瑚的身价因此 而倍增,除中原外,畅销远至西藏。据说当年西藏王 爷头上戴的顶珠,就是最好的珊瑚。其他官员按职别 高低,分别头戴等级不同的珊瑚帽顶
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68
69
70
71
72
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宝石基础知识
坑井内, 云南 、 辽东 亦有之。有红、
绿、碧、紫数色。
(2)Gem or Gemstone (also called a
precious or semi-precious stone, a fine gem, or jewel) is a piece of mineral矿物,
稀少性和工艺价值的矿物集合体,少数为非晶质体。 ③天然有机宝石(natural organic substances): 由自然界生物生
成,部分或全部由有机物质,可用于首饰及饰品的材料。 ④彩石:是指除宝石和玉石以外,符合工艺美术要求的多矿物集
合体和部分单矿物集合体。
GB/T 16552-2010《珠宝玉石名称》
—《南史 • 王僧达传》 ➢ 贫贱忧戚,庸玉女(汝)于成也。-张载《西
铭》
➢ 一片冰心在玉壶。-唐 王昌龄《芙蓉楼送 辛渐》
三、宝玉石中外定义对比
2、宝石
(1)经过琢磨和抛光后,可以达到珠宝要 求的石料或矿物。
➢ 晋 孙盛《魏氏春秋》:“金山玄川溢 涌,宝石负图,状象灵龟。”
➢ 金元好问《云岩》诗:“ 会稽禹穴深 无底,宝石偷来定山鬼。”
(3)金文:缶出现代表生产力的进步,也是财富的象征之一。
一、“宝、玉”字演变
2、玉:绳串玉片(甲骨文) →王玉(金文) →王之玉带(楷书)
(1)甲骨文:绳穿玉片,玉为饰品;(2)玉即王,象征着权利;(3)生产力不发达,人们获取玉石资源 有限,只有王拥有玉饰;(4)隶书:秦篆汉隶,奴隶的交流工具;(5)张骞通西域,打通了玉石之路; (6)玉带钩,玉履。
1、玉石
(1)天然、美观、细腻、坚韧、光 泽、柔润之岩石,一般指硬玉和 软玉。
宝玉石鉴赏教程第一章---第二章
宝玉石鉴赏教程第一章宝玉石基础知识第一节宝玉石的概念一.什么是宝石、玉石宝石,顾名思义首先是一种石头,是自然地质作用的产物,同时它又不是普通的石头,而是一类特殊的,使人们感到宝贵、有特殊价值的石头,通常是指那些美丽晶莹、质地坚硬、经久不变、世间稀少并且便于携带的石头。
宝石必须符合以下条件:第一,它必须是颗粒粗大(粒径大于3mm),晶莹艳丽,光彩夺目;第二,它必须是质地坚硬而光洁细腻(玉石尤其如此),经久耐用;第三,它必须是产量少,价值高;第四,它必须是小巧玲珑,便于携带,特别是要时髦。
人们习惯于把那些由矿物单晶形成的美丽“石头”称为“宝石”(狭义),而把那些由许多矿物微晶和隐晶集合体组成的美丽“石头”称为“玉石”。
宝石的应用历史悠久,涉及的面较广,究竟什么是宝石,概括起来有广义和狭义两种概念。
广义的“宝石”概念是指包括“宝石”和“玉石”在内的所有的美丽石头。
宝石原料中既有矿物,又有岩石。
人们通常将产生宝石的矿物称为“宝石矿物”。
二.宝石的广义概念凡是适于琢磨和雕刻成精美首饰和工艺品的原料均属宝石。
包括无机宝石和有机宝石两大类。
1.无机宝石人们通常所说的宝石多为无机宝石,能产生无机宝石用的矿物大约有一百多种,常见的也有二十多种,如:金刚石、刚玉、绿柱石、石榴石、尖晶石、电气石、石英等等。
无机宝石有时又可分为天然宝石和人造宝石。
天然宝石自然界中色泽艳丽、透明、硬度大、耐腐蚀、经琢磨可以制成首饰和工艺品的单矿物晶体和岩石。
如金刚石、海蓝宝石、翡翠、软玉等。
人造宝石人造宝石包括合成宝石和赝品。
合成宝石按照某些天然宝石的化学组成,模拟在自然界中生成时的物理,化学条件,用人工的方法合成的宝石为合成宝石。
这种合成宝石的物理、化学性质与相应的天然宝石相同或基本相同。
如人工合成红宝石,蓝宝石、祖母绿、紫水晶、尖晶石、金刚石等。
赝品赝品指色泽美丽的人造含铅玻璃、塑料制品和仿钻无机化合物等,例如:仿钻石的立方氧化锆、钇铝榴石、钆镓榴石等。
宝玉石检验员第一课
(2)命名规则
① 天然宝石命名时,无须加“天然”二字 直接 使用基本名称。如红宝石、水晶 等。但天 然玻璃、天然珍珠例外,应在 其名称前加 “天然”二字。
② 合成宝石或人造宝石命名时,须在其基本 名称前加“合成”或“人造”二字。如合成蓝 宝石、人造钆镓榴石等。但玻璃和塑料例 外,无须加“合成”或“人造”二字。
•红刚玉(红宝石)
PPT文档演模板
粉红色电气石 宝玉石检验员第一课
PPT文档演模板
•孔雀石
绿色电气石
宝玉石检验员第一课
•海蓝宝石
•蓝晶石
•蓝铜矿
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•蓝刚玉
宝玉石检验员第一课
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•紫水晶
宝玉石检验员第一课
宝石的物理性质——光学特征
2、透明度 指宝石透过可见光的能力,一般分五类。
PPT文档演模板
宝玉石检验员第一课
•玻璃光泽:多数宝石为玻璃光泽,如绿柱石、石英 等,折射率在1.50-1.81之间。
•金刚光泽和玻璃光泽,对打磨光亮的宝石,是最重 要、最常见的。
PPT文档演模板
宝玉石检验员第一课
•其他常见光泽: •油脂光泽:表面不完全平滑造成。如石英的断面、 有些翡翠和和田玉的磨光面也有油脂光泽的效果。 •蜡状光泽:与油脂光泽和树脂光泽类似。
度差异远大于
•200
方
0
石 滑甲 指解石
窗 玻 璃
•刚 玉
•黄玉
•
•石
•摩氏硬度 1 •2 •3 •4 •5 •6英•7 •8 •9 •1
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0
刚玉和滑石之 间硬度差异的 总和.
宝玉石检验员第一课
•测试硬度的方便物 件
PPT文档演模板
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珠宝微课堂第一课——宝石的基本概念What is a gem?
合成水晶能叫人造宝石吗?
亲,先下载这俩个电子书看看吧!!
系统宝石学(二版).pdf http://vdisk.weibo.com/s/4cAtq
珠宝玉石名称2010.pdf http://vdisk.weibo.com/s/fBgOv
请各位亲,仔细看看~~系统宝石学的第1~15页,珠宝玉石名称2010
》珠宝玉石(gems):珠宝玉石是对天然珠宝玉石(包括天然宝石、天然玉石和
天然有机宝石)和人工宝石(包括合成宝石、人造宝石、拼合宝石和再造宝石)
的统称,简称宝石。
》天然珠宝玉石(Natural gems) 由自然界产出,具有美观、耐久、稀少性,具
有工艺价值,可加工成装饰品的物质的统称。包括天然宝石、天然玉石和天然有
机质宝石。
》
1.天然宝石(Natural gemstones)
由自然界产出具有美观、耐久、稀少性,可加工成装饰品的矿物的单晶体(可含
双晶)。
2.天然玉石(Natural jades)
由自然界产出的,具有美观、耐久、稀少性和工艺价值的矿物集合体,少数为非
晶质体。
3.天然有机质宝石(Natural organic substances)
由自然界生物生成,部分或全部由有机物质组成可用于首饰及装饰品的材料为天
然有机质宝石。
• 国标定名规则中,养殖珍珠可以简称“珍珠”,天然珍珠 定名是不能省略“天
然”的。
》
★★★★在普通人眼力,宝石感觉分俩种:玉、水晶。玉其实是所有天然玉石的
统称,包括翡翠、和田玉、黄龙玉、玛瑙类玉石。。。
》
》人工宝石(Artificial products)
完全或部分由人工生产或制造用作首饰及装饰品的材料统称为人工宝石。包括合
成宝石、人造宝石、拼合宝石和再造宝石。
1.合成宝石(Synthetic stones)
完全或部分由人工制造且自然界有已知对应物的晶质或非晶质体,其物理性质,
化学成分和晶体结构与所对应的天然珠宝玉石基本相同。
2.人造宝石(Artificial stones)
由人工制造且自然界无已知对应物的晶质或非晶质体称之。
3.拼合宝石(Composite stones)
由两块或两块以上材料人工拼合而成,且给人以整体印象的珠宝玉石称拼合宝
石,简称“拼合石”。
4.再造宝石(Reconstructed stones)
通过人工手段将天然珠宝玉石的碎块或碎屑熔结或压结成具整体外观的珠宝玉
石。
5.仿宝石(Imitation stones)
用于模仿天然珠宝玉石的颜色、外观和特殊光学效应的人工宝石以及用于模仿另
外一种天然珠宝玉石的天然珠宝玉石可称为仿宝石。
• “仿宝石”不能单独作为珠宝玉石名称。
》》看了电子书,有看不懂的地方,请您留言,或通过投稿的形式和大家一起
交流!《《
你所知道的天然宝石有哪些?
你所知道的天然玉石有哪些?
你所知道的天然有机质宝石有哪些?
你所知道的合成宝石有那些?
你所知道的人造宝石有那些?
更多珠宝知识,请继续关注《珠宝微课堂》
也希望我能和大家一起交流学习
新浪微博:@翌楝Shanky