印尼商业法(No.40,2007)英文版
国际商法课程精(新)ppt课件
大连公司能否取消5月21日发出的要约？
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3）要约的失效 a 要约因期限已过而失效
在合理的期间作出承诺，否则即告失效 b 要约因被要约人撤回或撤销而失效
撤回———要约未到达受要约人之前 撤销———已经到达后，承诺之前 c 要约因被要约人的拒绝而失效 对要约作了扩张，限制或变更，也就同对要约拒绝。
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3.国内商事立法
各国有关商事的国内立法 重要补充
大陆法系 英美法系
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二、西方两大法系及其比较 （一）法系（Legal Family） 凡属同一历史传统且具有相同特点的法律即构成 一个法系。 ❖ 大陆法系 Continental Law System ❖ 普通法系 Common Law System
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五、法律冲突与法律适用
1.定义： 由于各国商法规定的不同，在处理同一问题
时，依一国法律有效的法律关系，而依另一国 法律可能不成立，也即法律冲突。 2.适用原则：
● 意思自治原则 ● 最密切联系原则
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第二讲 比较合同法
国际货物销售合同公约 大陆法 英美法 中国法等
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1. 要约（offer）
1）三个要件：
a 特定当事人以订立合同为目的的意思表示
区分要约与要约邀请
区别：如果是要约，它一经承诺，合同即成立
商店将商品报价陈列——英美法认为是引诱
大陆法某些国家（瑞士）是要约
要约是否向特定人发出：悬赏广告——是
普通广告——一般认为
商业计划书范例英文
59 mil
77 mil
210 mil 185 mil 150 mil 123 mil 98 mil
2002
2003
2004
2005E 2006E
2007E
2008E
• According to CNNIC, China internet users will reach 120 million in 2005
Language Difference
Domestic Consumers
Logistics
Customer service
Overseas Merchants
Clear the hurdles to consumer overseas ecommerce
•Limited merchandise/service choices
• MasterCard /Visa estimates more than 100 million Chinese with annual income >$5,000 by 2021
• Overseas merchants
• Merchants who are interested in China consumer market
tariffs etc. included – 6-14 working day guaranteed delivery on goods around the world – Accessible customer services with return and exchange
guarantees
Notes
Global B2C
Facilitates buying overseas goods/services
国际商务英文版
Legal System
The legal system of a country refers to the rules, or laws, that regulate behavior along with the processes by which the laws are enforced and through which redress for grievances is obtained. A country’s laws regulate business practice, define the manner in which business transactions are to be executed, and set down the rights and obligations of those involved in business transactions.
3
Legal System
—— Different Legal System
Common law: common law system is based on tradition, precedent, and custom. Tradition refers to a country’s legal history, precedent to cases that have come before the courts in the past, custom to the ways in which laws are applied in specific situations. Common law system has a degree of flexibility. Judges have the power to interpret the law. It is now found in most of Great Britain’s former colonies. 4fferences in Contract Law
法律翻译 国际商业 international business
manufacturing process, patents, trademarks, trade 识；
secrets, or other proprietary knowledge.
regions.
3. Direct Investment.
3．直接投资。
The Department of Commerce defines direct 美国商务部把直接对外投资规定为“美国的个
foreign investment as "all foreign business 人、组织或有隶属关系的集团在其中至少拥有
wide variety of forms, some of which are briefly 企业的国际活动形式繁多，兹略举数端如下：
described as follows.
1. Direct Import.
1．直接进口。
A business engages in direct import when it buys
证券投资指下列情况：个人或机构投资者在外 国购买外国公司发行的股票或外国公共机关所 发行的债券。
5. Licensing.
5．许可证。
A licensing agreement occurs when a firm in one 许可证协议签订于下列场合：一国企业（许可
country - the licensor - agrees to let a firm in 方）同意让另一国企业（被许可方）利用其制
where the ownership rights (proceeds, for example) 并拥有而在 B 国营业的公司，其所有权的权利 -
国际商法导论An_Introduction_to_International_Commercial_Law
International Business LawAn Introduction to International Business Law国际商法导论I.The Concept and Sources of International Business Law国际商法的概念和渊源I.1 Concept of the International Business Law: What is International Business Law? 国际商法的概念: 什么是国际商法？International Business Law is the sum total of laws of regulating the various relationships between international business transaction and the business organizations. 国际商法是调整国际商事交易和商业组织的各种关系的法律规范的总和。
The regulating objects and ranges of international business law are broader than that of the traditional business law. 国际商法的调整对象和范围比传统的商法更为广泛。
The traditional business law mainly includes the contents of the business law of act, the company law(UK)/the law of corporation(USA), the law of bills, the law of maritime commerce, the law of insurance, etc.. 传统的商法主要包括商行为法、公司法、票据法、海商法、保险法等内容。
印度商标法
印度商标法目录第一章预备条款 (1)第一条（简称、范围与生效） (1)第二条（定义与释义） (2)第二章注册簿与注册条件 (6)第三条（商标局长和其他官员的任命） (6)第四条（商标局长收回或移送案件的权力等） (7)第五条（商标局及其机构） (7)第六条（商标注册簿） (7)第七条（商品与服务的分类） (8)第八条（字母顺序索引的发布） (8)第九条（驳回注册的绝对理由） (8)第十条（颜色限定） (9)第十一条（驳回注册的相对理由） (9)第十二条（诚实的同时使用时的注册） (12)第十三条（禁止注册化学元素名或国际非专利名） (12)第十四条（使用在世或新近去世者的姓名和肖像） (12)第十五条（商标一部分的注册或系列商标的注册） (13)第十六条（商标作为联合商标注册） (13)第十七条（商标组成部分注册的效力） (14)第三章注册程序和期限 (14)第十八条（注册申请） (14)第十九条（接受的撤回） (15)第二十条（申请的公告） (15)第二十一条（对注册的异议） (16)第二十二条（修正与更正） (16)第二十三条（注册） (17)第二十四条（共有商标） (17)第二十五条（注册的期限、续展、撤销及恢复） (18)第二十六条（未缴续展费而导致从注册簿中撤销的效果） (18)第四章注册的效力 (19)第二十七条（无未注册商标侵权之诉） (19)第二十八条（注册授予的权利） (19)第二十九条（注册商标的侵权） (19)第三十条（注册商标效力的限制） (21)第三十一条（注册为有效性的初步证据） (22)第三十二条（某些情况下以显著性为由保护注册） (23)第三十三条（默许的效力） (23)第三十四条（既有权利的例外） (23)第三十五条（使用姓名、地址或商品服务名称的例外） (23)第三十六条（用作物品、物质或服务名称或说明的文字的例外） (24)第五章转让与继受 (25)第三十七条（注册所有人转让与出具收据的权利） (25)第三十八条（注册商标的可转让性与可继受性） (25)第三十九条（未注册商标的可转让性与可继受性） (25)第四十条（可能产生多项专有权时对转让或继受的限制） (25)第四十一条（可能在印度不同地区产生专有权时对转让或继受的限制） (26)第四十二条（除与商誉一同转让时转让的条件） (27)第四十三条（证明商标的转让与继受） (27)第四十四条（联合商标的转让与继受） (27)第四十五条（转让与继受的登记） (27)第六章商标的使用与在册使用者 (28)第四十六条（成立中的公司拟使用商标） (28)第四十七条（不使用时从注册簿撤销及增加限制） (29)第四十八条（在册使用者） (30)第四十九条（在册使用者的登记） (30)第五十条（商标局长变更或注销在册使用者的权力） (31)第五十一条（商标局长要求提供有关在册使用者的协议相关信息的权力） (32)第五十二条（在册使用者针对侵权提起诉讼的权利） (32)第五十三条（许可使用者无权针对侵权行为起诉） (32)第五十四条（在册使用者无权转让或继受权利） (33)第五十五条（使用联合商标或实质相同商标中的一个等同于使用其他商标） (33)第五十六条（在出口贸易中使用商标及或贸易关系形式变化时的使用） (33)第七章注册簿的更正与修改 (34)第五十七条（撤销或变更注册及修改注册簿的权利） (34)第五十八条（注册簿更正） (34)第五十九条（注册商标的修改） (35)第六十条（商品或服务分类变更或替换时修改注册簿记录） (35)第八章集体商标 (36)第六十一条（集体商标的特别规定） (36)第六十二条（集体商标不得在特征或意义方面产生误导） (36)第六十三条（申请须附送集体商标使用规则） (36)第六十四条（商标局长受理申请与规则） (36)第六十五条（规则须公开待查） (36)第六十六条（规则的修正） (37)第六十七条（集体商标注册所有人发起的侵权诉讼） (37)第六十八条（撤销集体商标注册的其他原因） (37)第九章证明商标 (37)第六十九条（本法中不适用于证明商标的条款） (37)第七十条（证明商标的注册） (38)第七十一条（证明商标的注册申请） (38)第七十二条（商标局长对注册申请的考量） (38)第七十三条（证明商标注册的异议） (39)第七十四条（证明商标使用规则的提交） (39)第七十五条（证明商标的侵权） (39)第七十六条（不构成证明商标侵权的行为） (39)第七十七条（证明商标注册的撤销或变更） (40)第七十八条（证明商标注册所授予的权利） (40)第十章关于纺织品的特别规定 (41)第七十九条（纺织品） (41)第八十条（纺织品注册的限制） (41)第八十一条（织物、棉纱和棉线的戳记） (41)第八十二条（纺织品质量抽样的规定） (42)第十一章上诉委员会 (43)第八十三条（上诉委员会的设立） (43)第八十四条（上诉委员会的组成） (43)第八十五条（主席、副主席及其他成员的任命资质） (44)第八十六条（主席、副主席及其他成员的任期） (45)第八十七条（特殊情况下副主席或最资深成员任主席或行使主席职能） (45)第八十八条（主席、副主席及其他成员的薪酬、津贴及服务条款） (45)第八十九条（辞职与撤职） (45)第九十条（上诉委员会工作人员） (46)第九十一条（向上诉委员会提出上诉） (46)第九十二条（上诉委员会的程序及权力） (47)第九十三条（法院管辖权的排除） (47)第九十四条（禁止在上诉委员会出庭） (47)第九十五条（临时命令发布的条件） (47)第九十六条（主席对审判庭的案件移送权） (48)第九十七条（向上诉委员会申请更正的程序） (48)第九十八条（诉讼中商标局长的出庭） (48)第九十九条（商标局长于上诉委员会出庭的费用） (49)第一百条（未决诉讼移送至上诉委员会） (49)第十二章罚则 (49)第一百〇一条（使用商标与商品说明的含义） (49)第一百〇二条（伪造商标与使用虚假商标） (50)第一百〇三条（使用虚假商标与商品说明等行为的处罚） (50)第一百〇四条（销售或提供使用假冒商标或虚假商品说明的商品或服务的处罚） (51)第一百〇五条（对再次违法的加重处罚） (51)第一百〇六条（违反第八十一条规定销售纺织品的处罚） (52)第一百〇七条（对虚假表示商标为注册商标的处罚） (52)第一百〇八条（不当描述经营地点与商标局有联系的处罚） (53)第一百〇九条（窜改注册簿记录的处罚） (53)第一百一十条（不构成违法的特殊情况） (53)第一百一十一条（没收商品） (53)第一百一十二条（对通常业务过程中被雇用者的豁免） (54)第一百一十三条（被告作出注册无效答辩的程序） (54)第一百一十四条（公司的违法行为） (55)第一百一十五条（对特定违法行为的认定及警察的捜查与扣押权） (55)第一百一十六条（海运进口商品原产地的证据） (56)第一百一十七条（公诉与辩护的费用） (56)第一百一十八条（刑事诉讼的限制） (56)第一百一十九条（违法犯罪行为发生的信息） (57)第一百二十条（在印度境内教唆境外违法犯罪行为的处罚） (57)第一百二十一条（刑事法院遵守中央政府在许可范围内的变更指示） (57)第十三章杂则 (57)第一百二十二条（对善意行为的保护） (57)第一百二十三条（某些人为公务员） (57)第一百二十四条（商标注册效力存疑等情况下的诉讼中止） (57)第一百二十五条（特殊情况下向上诉委员会提交的注册更正申请） (58)第一百二十六条（有标志商品的默示保证） (59)第一百二十七条（商标局长的权限） (59)第一百二十八条（商标局长自由裁量权的行使） (59)第一百二十九条（由商标局长处理的证据） (59)第一百三十条（诉讼中一方当事人死亡） (60)第一百三十一条（延长期限） (60)第一百三十二条（弃权） (60)第一百三十三条（商标局长关于显著性的事前建议） (60)第一百三十四条（地区法院受理的侵权诉讼） (60)第一百三十五条（侵权或假冒诉讼的救济） (61)第一百三十六条（特别诉讼中对在册使用者的指控） (62)第一百三十七条（注册簿记录等与商标局长行为的证据） (62)第一百三十八条（商标局长与其他官员不受强制出示注册簿） (62)第一百三十九条（要求商品显示原产地说明的权力） (63)第一百四十条（要求提供虚假商标项下进口商品的权力） (63)第一百四十一条（效力证明） (64)第一百四十二条（无理威胁诉讼的情况） (64)第一百四十三条（送达地址） (65)第一百四十四条（商业惯例的考量） (65)第一百四十五条（代理） (65)第一百四十六条（由无授权代理人或代表人注册的商标） (65)第一百四十七条（索引） (65)第一百四十八条（文件公开） (66)第一百四十九条（商标局长向议会提交报告） (66)第一百五十条（收费与额外费用） (66)第一百五十一条（第九章中特殊事项的保留） (67)第一百五十二条（对《1908年注册法》下不能注册的商标所有权声明） (67)第一百五十三条（对政府效力） (67)第一百五十四条（公约缔约国公民申请注册的特别规定） (67)第一百五十五条（相互性条款） (68)第一百五十六条（中央政府排除困难的权力） (68)第一百五十七条（规则制定权） (69)第一百五十八条（修改） (72)第一百五十九条（废止与保留） (72)印度商标法（本法制定于1999年12月30日）议会如下立法决议已于1999年12月31日得到总统同意，并在此公布：本法目的为修订并强化与商标相关的法律，为相关商品与服务的商标提供注册与更完善的保护，并防止虚假商标的使用。
国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)
Unit 1~2 Mercantilism重商主义Trade surplus 贸易顺差Quota and tariff配额和关税Zero-sum game零和博弈Positive-sum game常和博弈The theory of absolute advantage绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Factor endowments要素禀赋理论Product life cycle 产品生命周期Economies of scale 规模经济First mover advantage先占优势Barrier to entry进入(市场)壁垒Porter’s diamond theory波特的钻石理论National competitive advantage国家竞争优势The department of commerce 商务部Letter of credit信用证Draft /bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading B/L 提单Sight draft即期汇票Time draft 远期汇票Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑Trade acceptance商业承兑汇票Countertrade 对等贸易Barter 易货贸易Switch trading 转手贸易Offset 抵消Counter purchase 互购贸易Compensation trade 补偿贸易1.波特钻石理论的主要内容①Factor endowments ②Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry③ Demand conditions ④Relating and supporting industries2.对等贸易的主要类型和优缺点①Types of countertradeCountertrade has evolved into a diverse set of activities that can be categorized as five distinct types of trading arrangements: barter, counter purchase, offset, switch trading, and compensation or buyback②The pros and cons of countertrade优：① The main attraction of countertrade is that it can give a firm a way to finance an export deal when other means are not available.② Thus if a firm is unwilling to enter into a countertrade agreement, it may lose an export opportunity to a competitor that is willing to make a countertrade agreement.缺：① Countertrade contracts may involve the exchange of unusable or poor-quality goods that the firm cannot dispose of profitably② In addition, even if the goods it receives are of high quality, the firm still needs to dispose of them profitably.Unit 3Strategic alliance 战略联盟Licensing 许可证Joint venture 合资经营Contracting 承包经营Partnership 合资人Return on investment 投资回报率Franchising 特许经营Contract manufacturing 生产承包Management contracting 管理承包1.许可贸易的优缺点优：①The basic advantage in licensing as contrasted to other approaches is theease and low cost of entering a foreign market.②Licensing is also advantageous in that it can be used to test a foreignmarket without the risk of capital loss should the market not be receptive to the manufacturer’s product.缺：①The greatest disadvantages to the licensor are that a potential competitoris set up.②There is a lack of control over production and marketing.③There may be incomplete market exploration.Unit 4Foreign direct investment 外国直接投资Small and medium-sized firms 中小企业Horizontal FDI 横向外国直接投资Vertical FDI 纵向外国直接投资Product life cycle 产品生命周期Backward vertical FDI 后移纵向外国直接投资Forward vertical FDI 前移纵向外国直接投资Transportation costs 运输成本Market impediments 市场阻碍Market power 市场力量Oligopoly 寡头垄断Specialized assets 特殊资产1.影响横向对外投资的因素①Transportation costs ②Market imperfections④Following competitors ④The product life cycle2.What are the impediments to the sale of know-how?①Licensing may result in a firm’s giving away its technological know-how to a potential foreign competitor.②Licensing does not give a firm the tight control over manufacturing, marketing, and strategy in a foreign country that may be required to profitably exploit tis advantage in know-how.③A firm’s know-how may not be amenable to licensing.Unit 5Bretton Woods System 布雷顿森林体系Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率制OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Floating exchange rate regime 浮动汇率制Plaza Accord 和平广场协议Louvre Accord 卢浮宫协议Foreign exchange market 外汇市场European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系EMSExchange Rate Mechanism 汇率机制ERMEuropean Currency Unit欧元 ECUTrade deficit贸易赤字Real interest 实际利息Balance of payment 收支平衡表Forward market 期货市场Swaps 掉期交易1. 布雷顿森林体系/固定汇率制瓦解的主要原因As the only currency that could be converted into gold, and as the currency that served as the reference point for all others①It was financed by an increase in the money supply, which, in turn, led to a rise in price inflation from less than 4percent in 1966 to dose to 9 percent by 1968②The rise in government spending had stimulated the economy③Gave rise to speculation in the foreign exchange market that the dollar would be devalued④Weakening dollars lose its credibility.2. What are the reasons for the unexpected rise in the dollar between 1980 and 1985, and what are the reasons for the rapid fall of the US dollar between 1985 and 1987?The reasons for the unexpected rise in the value of the dollar between 1980 and 1985:①Strong economic growth in the US attracted heavy inflows of capital from foreign investors seeking high returns on capital assets.②High real interest rate attracted foreign investors seeking high vellums on financial assets③Political turmoil in other parts of the world.The reasons for 1985 and 1987：The fall in the value of the dollar between 1985 and 198 was caused by a combination of government intervention and market forces.Unit 6Common law 普通法Code civil law 成文法Roman law 罗马法Industrial property right 工业产权Act of god 不可抗力Element forces of nature 天灾自然因素Arbitration 仲裁Conciliation 调节Litigation 诉讼World court at the Hague 海牙国际法庭Tribunals for arbitration 仲裁庭U.N. convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of ForeignArbitral/Awards 联合国承认和执行外国仲裁裁决公约International Chamber of commerce 国际商会1. What are the differences between two legal systems in solving commercial disputes?①Under common law, commercial disputes are subject to laws which may be applied to either civil or commercial disputes since there is no specific recognition of commercial problems as such.②Code law differs in that there is a separate code specifically designed for business2. What are the procedures used by formal arbitration organizations? The usual arbitration procedure is for the parties involved to select a disinterested and informed party or parties as referee to determine the merits of the case and make a judgment that both parties agree to honor.Unit 7Intellectual property rights 知识产权Trade mark copyright, patents, trade secrets 商标权，版权，专利权，商业秘密Intangible assets, tangible assets 无形资产，有形资产Trademark registration 商标注册Generic terms 通称Infringement 侵权GATT 关贸总协定General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade1. What does intellectual property right consist of?①It consists of the products of individual’s minds—products that result from intellectual, creative processes.②Trademarks, copyrights and patents are all forms of intellectual propertyUnit 8The TRIPS agreement 与贸易有关的知识产权协议Need Hierarchy 需求层次理论Self-reference criterion 自我参考标准The adoption process 接纳过程理论High-context cultures 高背景文化Low-context cultures 低背景文化Poly-chromic time 多元化时间观Mono-chromic time 单一性时间观Perception 观念1. What are the characteristics of culture?①It is not innate, but learned②The various facts of culture are interrelated-touch a culture in one place andeverything else is affected.③It is shared by the members of a group and defines the boundaries betweendifferent groups.2. What are the main contents of Need Hierarchy theory?①Self-actualization ②Esteem ③Social ④Safety ⑤Physiological3. What is the concept of adoption process? How many stages will a person undergo before he can finally purchase a new product?Adoption process─through which an individual passes from the time of his or her first knowledge of an innovation to the time of adopting or purchase of the innovation.These stages are as follows: ①awareness ②interest ③evaluation④trial ⑤adoption4. What are the adopter categories? What is the feature for early adopter?Adopter categories are classifications of individuals within a market on the basis of their innovativeness. They include innovators、early adopters, the early majority, the late majority and laggards.The future for early adopter: They tend to be younger, have higher social status and in a more favorable financial position than later adopter. They must be responsive to mass-media information sources and must learn about innovation form these sourcesbecause they cannot simply copy the behavior of earlier adopters.Unit 9Organizational behavior组织行为学Multinational Corporation 跨国公司Maquiladoras 马基拉朵拉工厂Parochialism 地方主义NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定North American Free Trade AgreementKluckhohn-Strudtbeck framework 克拉克洪─斯托特柏克构架Hofstede framework 霍夫斯诺德构架BRICS 金砖五国巴西俄罗斯印度中国南非APEC 亚太经合组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation1. Identify the sic cultural dimensions in the Kluckhohn-strodtbeck framework.①Relationship to the environment ②time orientation③nature of people ④Activity orientation⑤focus of responsibility ⑥conception of space2. Explain the dimensions of national culture in Hofstede framework.①Individualism versus collectivism②power distance③uncertainty avoidance④masculinity versus femininity。
商法书目-读书报告
五、日本译著 （一）[日]志村治美：《现物出资研究》，于敏译，法律出版 社2001年版。 （二）[日]森田章：《公开公司法论》，黄晓林译，中国政法 大学出版社2012年版。 （三）[日]落合诚一：《公司法概论》，申昌国译，法律出版 社2011年版。 （四）[日]前田庸：《公司法入门》，王作全译，北京大学出 版社2012年版。 （五）[日]龙田：《商法略论》，谢次昌译，甘肃人民出版社 1985年版。 （六）[日]松波仁一郎：《日本商法论》，秦瑞玠等译，中国 政法大学出版社2002年版。 （七）[日]神田秀树：《公司法的理念》，朱大明译，法律出 版社2013年版。 （八）[日]土肥武雄：《合伙股东责任之研究》，李培皋等译， 中国政法大学出版社2004年版。
Jose Engracia Antunes, liability of corporate groups ,kluwer law and taxation publishers, 1994. Hillman, Robert W. （Robert William）, Revised Uniform Partnership Act, St. Paul, Minn. : West Group, 2004. Blackett-Ord, Mark, Partnership : the modern law of partnership, limited partnership and limited liability partnership, Butterworths LexisNexis, 2002. Gladstone, David. Venture capital investing : the complete handbook for investing Bayless Maning, legal capital, The Foundation Press,1981.
AOAC_2007英文版_01内部培训资料
AOAC Official Method 2007.01Pesticide Residues in Foods by Acetonitrile Extraction and Partitioning with Magnesium SulfateGas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass SpectrometryFirst Action 2007[Applicable for the following pesticides in grapes, lettuces, and oranges: atrazine, azoxystrobin, bifenthrin, carbaryl, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, l -cyhalothrin (incurred in lettuces), cyprodinil, o,p ¢-DDD, dichlorv os, endosulfan sulfate,ethion (incurred in oranges), imazalil, imidacloprid,kresoxim-methyl (incurred in grapes), linuron, methamidophos,methomyl, permethrins (incurred in lettuces) procymidone,pymetrozine, tebuconazole, thiabendazole (incurred in oranges),tolylfluanid (degraded in lettuces), and trifluralin. These were representative pesticide analytes chosen in representative matrixes,and the method is expected to be applicable to many other similar pesticides and matrixes. Limits of quantitation were demonstrated to be <10 ng/g.]See Tables 2007.01A–E for the results of the interlaboratory study supporting acceptance of the method.A. PrincipleThe QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe)method uses a single-step buffered acetonitrile (MeCN) extraction and salting out liquid–liquid partitioning from the water in the sample with MgSO 4. Dispersiv e-solid-phase extraction (dispersive-SPE) cleanup is done to remove organic acids, excess water, and other components with a combination of primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbent and MgSO 4; then the extracts are analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS) techniques after a chromatographic analytical separation. Figure 2007.01 outlines the protocol in a box format. In brief, a well-chopped food sample alongwith 1 mL of 1% acetic acid (HOAc) in MeCN and 0.5 g anhydrous MgSO 4/NaOAc (4/1, w/w) per g sample are added to a centrifuge tube or bottle, which is shaken and centrifuged. A portion of the MeCN extract (upper layer) is added to anhydrous MgSO 4/PSA sorbent (3/1, w/w; 200 mg per 1 mL extract), mixed, and centrifuged. This final extract is transferred to autosampler vials for analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to identify and determine a wide range of pesticide residues. To achieve <10 ng/g detection limits in modern GC/MS, large volume injection (LVI) of 8 m L is typically needed, or the final extract can be concentrated and solvent exchanged to toluene (4 g/mL), in which case 2 m L splitless injection is used.Both GC/MS and LC/MS/MS techniques are prone to matrix effects in pesticide residue analysis, albeit for different reasons [Erney, D.R., Gillespie, A.M., Gilvydis, D.M., & Poole, C.F. (1993)J. Chromatogr. 638, 57–63; Hajslova, J., & Zrostlikova, J. (2003) J.Chromatogr. A 1000, 181–197; Alder, L., Luderitz, S., Lindtner, K.,& Stan, H.J. (2004) J. Chromatogr. A 1058, 67–79]. To account for these effects, matrix-matched calibration was conducted (calibration standards in solvent solution may also be used if matrix effects are shown not to occur). Due to the situation that some laboratories had LVI capability and others did not, the necessary amounts of matrix blank(s) and final extract volume was different for some laboratories than others. Depending on the water content of the matrix, a 15 g sample typically yields 11–14 mL of initial MeCN extract after centrifugation. In dispersive-SPE, roughly half of the extract is lost to the powders, thus about 6–7 mL of final extract can be expected for a 15 g sample. Two options were provided in the protocol to account for the different situations among the laboratories.ã 2007 AOAC IN T ER N A T IONALTable 2007.01A. Interlaboratory study results for incurred pesticides (and chlorpyrifos-methyl)AnalyteMatrix Avg. concn s raRSD r b, %S R c, ng/g Rec., %RSD R d, %HorRat No. of labsOutlierlabs e Chlorpyrifos-methylGrapes 165 14 8.535 8321 1.00116-C, 4-C Lettuces 178 20 11 30 89170.811011-SGOranges174 25 14 36 87200.9812Kresoxim-methyl Grapes 9.2 1.921f3.2NA 35f1.0912Cyprodinil Grapes 112 NAgNA 18 NA 160.7313l -Cyhalothrin Lettuces 58 6.111 11 NA 200.80 911-C Permethrins Lettuces 112 9.88.741 NA 36f1.63 96-C, 1-C Imidacloprid Lettuces 12NA NA 1.6NA 140.4411Ethion Oranges 198 23 12 36 NA 180.891111-C Thiabendazole Oranges 53 3.87.27.6NA 140.5812ImazalilOranges13NANA4.7NA35f1.1587-SGa s r = Standard deviation for repeatability (within laboratory).b RSD r = Relative standard deviation for repeatability.c s R = Standard deviation for reproducibility (among laboratories).d RSD R = Relative standard deviation for reproducibility.e C = Cochran outlier; SG = single Grubbs outlier.f RSD r >15%; 120% < Rec. < 70%; RSD R >25%; HorRat >1.2; and fewer than 8 laboratories in an assessment.gNA = Not applicable.Analyte Avg. C, ng/g s r, ng/g RSD r, %s R, ng/g Rec., %RSD R, %HorRat No. of labs Outlier labs Atrazine9.30.6 6.9 2.093210.651345 3.27.1 5.790130.4913365 23 6.271 9119 1.0413Azoxystrobin9.40.6 6.6 2.094210.641392 8.79.411 92120.51128-SG182 17 9.226 91140.70128-SG Bifenthrin7.80.811 2.37830b0.89112-C, 10-C86 5.9 6.914 86170.73126-C923 71 7.7136 92150.9113Carbaryl12 1.211 2.8104 27b0.85125-SG50 6.413 11 100 220.87131003 70 7.0189 100 19 1.18125-C Chlorothalonil 6.30.914 2.163b33b0.97 810-C59 8.314 13 79230.9310140 19 13 38 7027b 1.27b10Chloropyrifos8.1 1.519b 3.08137b 1.121268 8.312 14 84200.8413396 25 6.450 79120.681211-SG Cyprodinil c123 13 10 26 101 210.9513240 20 8.363 9226b 1.32b13581 42 7.3110 9519 1.0913o,p¢-DDD8.9 1.416b 3.28936b 1.091242 3.17.37.084170.6512445 32 7.147 89100.58116-C Dichlorvos7.2 1.014 1.372180.53118-SG85 7.48.715 85180.77114-C294 25 8.562 9821 1.1012Endosulfan sulfate8.60.910 1.586170.52 7b10-C 115 14 12 21 77180.8111415 56 14 111 8327b 1.47b11Imazalil7.60.89.8 3.17641b 1.22b1150 2.5 4.915 67b30b 1.19108-C432 53 12 161 7837b 2.06b11Imidacloprid8.80.88.9 3.08834b 1.041345 3.57.78.999200.7813218 18 8.224 97110.56128-SG Linuron9.9 1.717b 2.99929b0.901199 7.47.415 99150.6712971 65 6.7191 9720 1.23b12Methamidophos10 2.929b 3.0101 30b0.95 95-SG80 8.010 14 80180.7712852 72 8.4119 85140.85118-SG Methomyl9.3 1.212 2.99332b0.981250 3.3 6.79.3100 190.7413204 10 4.926 102 130.6313Procymidone8.20.78.2 2.082240.74115-SG64 6.09.416 8524 1.0113428 16 3.870 86160.90129-C Pymetrozine 6.2 1.220b 1.662b27b0.771147 3.1 6.79.662b200.8111341 20 5.859 68b170.9211Tebuconazole9.2 1.112 1.292130.41123&4-DG63 5.58.78.884140.5813439 29 6.784 8819 1.0613Tolylfluanid7.9 1.012 3.17939b 1.191334 4.313 13 67b37b 1.41b13144 13 8.842 7229b 1.37b13Trifluralin7.80.78.5 1.878230.681210-C58 3.7 6.414 7725 1.0213379 19 5.148 76130.69106-C, 4-C, 11-SG aC = Cochran outlier; SG = single Grubbs outlier; DG = double Grubbs outliers.bRSD r >15%; 120% < Rec. < 70%; RSD R >25%; HorRat >1.2; or fewer than 8 laboratories in an assessment.cCyprodinil was incurred in the grapes and affected quantitation.ã 2007 AOAC IN T ER N A T IONALAnalyte Avg. C, ng/g s r, ng/g RSD r, %s R, ng/g Rec., %RSD R, %HorRat No. of labs Outlier labs Atrazine9.9 1.515 1.899180.561170 7.9111593210.8812930 50 5.4166 9318 1.11115-C Azoxystrobin10 0.8 7.6 1.8102 180.561247 2.4 5.2 6.593140.5512531 32 6.188106 170.9412Bifenthrin9.10.8 9.1 1.491160.481166 8.012 9.488140.5911217 27 123387150.7711Carbaryl9.4 1.112 2.094220.671292 6.1 6.7 9.092 9.80.43118-SG589 38 6.4127 9822 1.24b12Chlorothalonil 6.20.814 2.062b32b0.93 6b28 10 37b147048b 1.77b 7b684 134 20b205 68b30b 1.77b 6bChloropyrifos9.0 2.124b 2.39026b0.79 912-SG, 10&11-DG86 9.411208623 1.011111-SG179 18 103090170.821111-SG Cyprodinil9.7 1.010 1.497140.441111-SG44 2.7 6.1 8.989200.791111-SG848 61 7.2117 85140.84108-SGo,p¢-DDD8.90.6 7.0 1.989210.66 881 4.8 5.91281150.63 911-C214 19 8.72786130.6210Dichlorvos 5.2 1.020b 2.452b45b 1.29b1258 6.6111277200.8112838 50 6.0224 8427 1.63b11Endosulfan sulfate 5.6 3.359b 2.556b45b 1.28b 2b38 9.625b157539b 1.48b 7b769 330 43b312 7740b 2.44b 7bImazalil7.60.3 3.5 3.57639b 1.18 82-C72 3.7 5.22457b33b 1.39b11589 47 7.9229 59b39b 2.25b11Imidacloprid c22 1.3 6.2 1.7100 7.90.28118-SG84 6.2 7.4 8.197 9.60.4112515 21 4.253101 100.58115-C Linuron8.6 1.112 1.586170.531146 2.2 4.9 7.491160.63102-C234 14 5.82594100.5311Methamidophos8.80.8 8.5 1.388150.46 86-C66 4.5 6.91282180.7211538 37 6.86384120.67 95-C, 8-SG Methomyl9.70.8 8.6 1.096100.321099 8.0 8.1 6.499 6.50.29102-SG997 24 2.4168 100 17 1.0511Procymidone10 0.6 6.2 2.2101 220.68 82-C92 8.5 9.21592170.7311967 118 12129 97130.8311Pymetrozine 6.90.4 6.1 1.469b200.591033 1.6 4.7 4.667b140.51 911-C127 8.5 6.71763b130.6110Tebuconazole9.70.7 6.9 1.297130.40114-C89 6.8 7.71189120.5212948 42 4.4226 9524 1.48b114-C Tolylfluanid 3.7 1.130b 2.237b59b 1.59b 4b9.3 3.740b 4.1 9.3b44b 1.37b 83-SG, 8-SG142 22 158614b61b 2.84b 812-C, 3&8-DG Trifluralin10 1.413 1.7103 170.541142 4.511 9.084220.8311169 25 153084180.8411aC = Cochran outlier; SG = single Grubbs outlier; DG = double Grubbs outliers.bRSD r >15%; 120% < Rec. < 70%; RSD R >25%; HorRat >1.2; or fewer than 8 laboratories in an assessment.cImidacloprid was incurred in the lettuces unbeknownst to the SD.ã 2007 AOAC IN T ER N A T IONALAnalyte Avg. C, ng/g s r, ng/g RSD r, %s R, ng/g Rec., %RSD R, %HorRat No. of labs Outlier labs Atrazine 8.9 1.011 1.989210.65112-C 908.29.11290130.5712187 19 10 2793140.6912Azoxystrobin 8.4 1.316b 1.884210.651165 5.28.0 8.186120.5212853 35 4.18285 9.60.591111-C Bifenthrin 9.7 2.324b 2.397240.75109-SG45 2.5 5.6 6.891150.59102-C488 51 10 7698160.8712Carbaryl 8.40.67.3 2.184250.771066 5.07.51488210.8811172 8.8 5.13486200.9512Chlorothalonil 4.80.816b 2.748b56b 1.57b 3b7014 20b297042b 1.74b 6b330 137 42b131 66b40b 2.09b 7bChloropyrifos11 1.614 5.0111 45b 1.58b 92-C82 4.5 5.61282150.64109-C953 97 10 284 9530b 1.85b1211-C Cyprodinil 8.70.910 2.087230.721256 4.58.0 9.075160.6512199 12 6.23580180.8612o,p¢-DDD 9.10.67.2 1.891200.60 99-C74 5.1 6.9 9.899130.561010-C967 81 8.41919720 1.22b11Dichlorvos 9.30.88.1 1.093110.35 7b12-C43 2.2 5.2 8.085190.73 812-SG446 22 5.05489120.6810Endosulfan sulfate12 5.444b 5.4124b43b 1.40b 4b3-SG 8319 23b198323 1.0110240 35 15 618025 1.28b10Imazalil c22 1.77.7 6.29628b0.98 87-C58 4.37.41392220.91 9186 9.7 5.2418722 1.0610Imidacloprid10 1.110 2.8104 27b0.861193 6.57.01293130.5711989 64 6.5124 99130.7811Linuron 7.8 1.317b 2.77835b 1.041160 3.0 5.01386210.8611387 26 6.64279110.59 9111-DG Methamidophos 9.2 1.112 1.592160.49 89-C42 3.58.2 5.685130.52 84-C211 12 5.53185150.73 94&9-DG Methomyl 8.50.88.9 2.88533b0.99 97-C68 4.87.0 8.791130.5412492 19 3.96098120.6912Procymidone110.98.1 3.9108 36b 1.15 812-C43 3.58.0 5.886140.531010-C170 16 9.72585150.7111Pymetrozine 7.5 1.318b 2.17528b0.821077 5.97.71077140.5710789 38 4.8117 79150.89 912-C Tebuconazole 8.70.78.0 1.287140.421141 2.2 5.4 6.282150.5812177 14 7.92888160.7612Tolylfluanid 5.8 1.220b 1.458b240.69 911-SG 467.516b1461b31b 1.21b119-C356 54 15 134 7138b 2.02b12Trifluralin 8.60.4 4.5 2.48628b0.87 99-C 928.69.41192120.5412915 60 6.5194 9221 1.31b116-CaC = Cochran outlier; SG = single Grubbs outlier; DG = double Grubbs outliers.bRSD r >15%; 120% < Rec. < 70%; RSD R >25%; HorRat >1.2; or fewer than 8 laboratories in an assessment.cImazalil was incurred in the oranges unbeknownst to the SD.ã 2007 AOAC IN T ER N A T IONALIn Option A, if the laboratory had LVI capability, then 1 or 2 mL extracts were taken for dispersive-SPE (the volume depended on the analyst preference and the type of centrifuge and tubes available in the laboratory). The final extract volume was 0.5 mL if 1 mL was taken for dispersive-SPE, and 1 mL if 2 mL underwent the cleanup step. In either case, two 15 g blank samples were used for the matrix blank (0-standard) and 6 matrix-matched calibration standards (5, 10, 50, 100, 250, and 1000 ng/g equiv alent concentrations). For dispersive-SPE of the matrix blanks, either 7 separate tubes using the same 1–2 mL extract volumes as the test samples could have been used, or 1–2 dispersive-SPE tube(s) with 7-fold greater extract volume(s).In Option B, if LVI is not available for GC/MS, then »30 mL of matrix blank extract was needed after dispersive-SPE cleanup to prepare the matrix-matched calibration standards (or $60 mL initial extract). In this case, 6 matrix blanks of 15 g each were extracted along with the test samples to provide enough blank extract volume, which were combined, and seven 8 mL aliquots were distributed to 7 dispersive-SPE tubes containing 0.4 g PSA + 1.2 g anhydrous MgSO4.B. Apparatus and ConditionsNote: Tables 4 and 5 of the collaborative study [J. AOAC Int. 90, 485(2007)] list the analytical instrumentation and sources of sample preparation materials used by each laboratory in the study. Further information appears in the full report. Since the time of the collaborativ e study, at least 3 v endors, United Chemical Technologies (Bristol, PA, USA), Restek (Bellefonte, PA, USA) and Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA) hav e introduced commercial dispersive-SPE products for QuEChERS and other applications. See Table 4 [J. AOAC Int. 90, 485(2007)] for sources of analytical instruments.(a) Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer.—An ion trap, quadrupole, time-of-flight (TOF), or other GC/MS instrument may be used with electron impact (EI) ionization, an autosampler (AS), and computerized instrument control/data collection. Either LVI of 8 m L for a 1 g/mL MeCN extract (e.g., 75°C ramped to 275°C at 200°C/min) or 2 m L splitless injection of 4 g/mL extracts in toluene a t250°C m a y b e u s e d.A3–5m,0.25m m i d, phenylmethyl-deactivated guard column must be used as a retention gap in either case. The analytical column is a 30 m, 0.25 mm id, 0.25 m m film thickness (5%phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane (low bleed) analytical column (DB-5ms or equiv alent). Set He head pressure on the column to be 10 psi or constant flow to be 1.0 mL/min with systems capable of electronic pressure/flow control. After an appropriate time for solv ent delay, use an appropriate ov en temperature program, for example, starting at 75°C for MeCN extracts or 100°C for toluene ramped to 150°C at 25°C/min, then to 280°C at 10°C/min, and hold for 10 min. All collaborators had much experience in pesticide residue analysis and were free to use their own analytical conditions provided that peak shapes were Gaussian, peak widths at half heights were <5 s, and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the quantitative ion for the pesticides at 10 ng/g equivalent concentrations in the sample were >10. For qualitative purposes (which were not the focus of this study), at least 3 ions yielding relativ e abundances that reasonably match a contemporaneously analyzed reference standard are typically needed to make an analyte identification.(b) Liquid chromatograph/tandem mass spectrometer.— A triple quadrupole, ion trap, or other LC/MS/MS instrument may be used provided it is capable of electrospray ionization (ESI) in the positive mode with computerized instrument control/data collection and has an AS. An injection volume (5–100 m L) will be determined for each instrument to achieve S/N > 10 for the quantitation ion for a 10 ng/g equivalent sample concentration. As in GC/MS, the collaborators had much experience in the analysis of pesticides and were free to use their own conditions. Suggested LC conditions, howev er, include a 15 cm long, 3.0 mm id, 3 m m particle size C18 column, flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, and gradient elution with an initial condition of 25% MeOH in 5 mM formic acid solution taken linearly in 15 min to 90% MeOH in 5 mM formic acid solution and held for 15 min. A short C18 guard column must be used to protect the analytical column, and a bypass valve must be used before the MS instrument to av oid introduction of the early and late eluting nonanalyte components into the detector. The MS/MS conditions were optimized in each laboratory using direct infusion into the ESI source to prov ide highest S/N for the quantitation ion of each LC-type analyte from a single MS/MS transition. A second transition with reasonably matching relative abundance ratios vs a contemporaneously analyzed reference standard is typically needed for qualitative purposes.(c) Centrifuge(s).—Capable of holding the 50 mL centrifuge tubes or bottles used for extraction and 10–15 mL graduated centrifuge tubes or 2 mL mini-tubes used in dispersiv e-SPE. Determine the rpm settings that yield a given relative centrifugal force (RCF), and ensure that maximum ratings of the centrifuge, tube/bottles, and rotors for the instrument are not exceeded.(d) Balance(s).—Capable of accurately measuring weights from0.05 to 100 g within ±0.01 g.(e) Freezer.—Capable of continuous operation <–20°C.(f) Furnace/oven.—Capable of 500°C operation.ã 2007 AOAC IN T ER N A T IONALTable 2007.01E. Averaged interlaboratory study results for the fortified and incurred pesticides aMatrix Recovery, %RSD r, %RSD R, %HorRat No. of labs (n) Grapes86 ± 1110 ± 422 ± 80.90 ± 0.2912 ± 1 Lettuces87 ± 1210 ± 720 ± 90.83 ± 0.4510 ± 1 Oranges87 ± 1510 ± 620 ± 80.84 ± 0.3710 ± 2 Overall87 ± 1110 ± 621 ± 80.86 ± 0.3711 ± 2Incurred NA b12 ± 422 ± 80.92 ± 0.3011 ± 2aData from fewer than 7 laboratories in an assessment were excluded.bNA = Not applicable.(g ) Food chopper and/or bl ender.—Preferably an s-blade vertical cutter (e.g. Stephan, Robotcoupe) and and probe blender (e.g. Ultra-Turrax, Propsep).(h ) Sol vent evaporator (optional ).—For the ev aporation of MeCN extracts, if LVI is not used in GC/MS.C. Reagents[See Table 5 [J. AOAC Int. 90, 485(2007)] for sources of chemicals.](a ) Anhydrous magnesium sul fate (MgSO 4).—Powder form;purity >98%; heated in bulk to 500°C for >5 h to remove phthalates and residual water.(b ) Acetonitril e (MeCN).—Quality of sufficient purity that is free of interfering compounds.(c ) Acetic acid (HOAc).—Glacial; quality of sufficient purity that is free of interfering compounds.(d ) 1% HOAc in MeCN.—Prepared on a v/v basis (e.g., 10 mL glacial HOAc in a 1 L MeCN solution).(e ) Anhydrous sodium acetate (NaOAc).—Powder form (NaOAc·3H 2O may be substituted, but 0.17 g per g sample must be used rather than 0.1 g anhydrous NaOAc per g sample).(f ) Primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbent.—40 m m particle size (Varian Part No. 12213024 or equiv alent). (Note : Premade dispersive-SPE tubes are now available from at least 3 vendors.)(g ) C 18 sorbent (optional ).—40 m m particle size, if samples contain >1% fat.(h ) G r a p h i t i z e d c a r b o n b l a c k (G C B ) s o r b e n t (optional ).—120/400 mesh size, if no structurally planar pesticides are included among the analytes.(i ) Helium.—Purity that has been demonstrated to be free of interfering compounds in GC/MS.(j ) Toluene (optional ).—Quality of sufficient purity that is free of interfering compounds; only needed if LVI is not used in GC/MS.(k ) Methanol (MeOH).—Quality of sufficient purity that is free of interfering compounds in LC/MS/MS prepared in mobile phase solution.(l ) Water.—Quality of sufficient purity that is free of interfering compounds in LC/MS/MS.(m ) Formic acid.—Quality of sufficient purity that is free of interfering compounds in LC/MS/MS prepared in mobile phase solution.(n ) Pesticide standards .—High purity reference standards of the pesticide analytes, and quality control (QC) and internal standards (ISs) prepared at highly concentrated stock solutions (e.g.,2000 ng/m L) in MeCN with 0.1% HOAc. Stored in dark vials in the freezer. Check annually for stability.(o ) Standard sol utions.—Prepared in MeCN for all collaborators: IS solution = 40 ng/m L of both d 10-parathion and d 6-a -HCH in MeCN; triphenylphosphate (TPP) solution = 2 ng/m L TPP in 1% HOAc in MeCN solution; QC-spike solution = 40 ng/m L of the 27 pesticide analytes in 0.1% HOAc in MeCN; and individual test solutions = 10 ng/m L of each of the 30 compounds to be detected (except 40 ng/m L TPP) in 0.1% HOAc in MeCN solution.Collaborators prepared a test mix and calibration standard spike solutions from those provided as described in E .(p ) Bl ank sampl e .—Verified to be free of analytes abov e the detection limit.(q ) Other reagents.—Certain instruments may require nitrogen or other materials/devices for their operation.D. Materials(a ) Fl uorinated ethyl ene propyl ene (FEP) centrifugetubes.—50 mL; e.g., Nalgene Part No. 3114-0050 or equivalent for <16 g sample (or 250 mL FEP centrifuge bottles for 16–75 g sample size).(b ) Spatul a/spoon and funnel .—For transferring sample into centrifuge tubes.(c ) Solvent dispenser and 1–4 L solvent bottle.—For transferring 15 mL 1% HOAc in MeCN per 15 g sample in FEP centrifuge tubes or bottles.(d ) Centrifuge tubes (optional ).—10–15 mL graduated. For evaporation and/or dispersive-SPE.(e ) Mini-centrifuge tubes (optional).—2 mL. For dispersive-SPE (use tubes with o-ring-sealed caps to avoid leaks).(f ) Syringes/pipets.—Capable of accurate sample introduction of 2 or 8 m L volume into GC/MS and appropriate volumes of matrix spike, IS, and calibration standard solutions (12.5–300 m L).(g ) Repeating or vol umetric pipets.—Capable of accurately transferring 0.5–8 mL solvent.(h ) Containers .—Graduated cylinders, volumetric flasks, weigh boats, v ials, and/or other general containers in which to contain samples, extracts, solutions, standards, and reagents.E. Preparation of Reagent Materials and Comminuted Sample(1) Prepare the necessary number of sealable vials/cups containing 6.0 ± 0.3 g anhydrous MgSO 4 + 1.5 ± 0.1 g anhydrous NaOAc (or 2.5ã 2007 AOAC IN T ER N A TIONALFigure 2007.01. Outline of the QuEChERS protocol used in the collaborative study.± 0.2 g NaOAc·3H2O) per 15 g sample. Scoops of appropriate volume can be used to speed the process, but weighing should still be done to check consistency. The containers should be sealed during storage and can be refilled and re-used without cleaning in between usages.(2) Prepare the necessary number of appropriate centrifuge tubes (2 mL mini-centrifuge tubes or 10–15 mL centrifuge tubes) containing 0.05 ± 0.01 g PSA sorbent + 0.15 ± 0.03 g anhydrous MgSO4 per 1 mL extract taken for dispersive-SPE cleanup. (Note: At least United Chemical Technologies, Restek, and Supelco now provide dispersive-SPE products commercially to replace this step.) If LVI is not available for GC/MS, then evaporation of the extracts will be needed, and 8 mL extract will be transferred to 10–15 mL sealable centrifuge tubes containing 0.40 ± 0.08 g PSA sorbent + 1.20 ± 0.24 g anhydrous MgSO4. For matrixes that contain >1% fat, add an additional 0.05 ± 0.01 g C18 sorbent per mL extract to the container. If no planar pesticides are among the analytes (e.g., thiabendazole, terbufos, quintozene, and hexachlorobenzene), then 0.05 ± 0.01 g GCB sorbent per mL extract can also be added to the tube. (Note: Final extract volume may have to be reduced to 0.4 mL per 1 mL aliquot in dispersive-SPE if all 4 powders are used.) (3) Prepare 1% HOAc in MeCN in dispenser bottle by adding 10 mL HOAc to 990 mL v olume of MeCN or different desired amount in the same ratio.(4) Label all vials and tubes appropriately that will be used in the method.(5) Note: Step 5 was conducted by the Study Director (SD) when preparing the test samples. An appropriate chopper must be used to comminute large, representative sample portions. An uncommon or deuterated pesticide standard may be spiked into the sample during homogenization to determine the effectiv eness of the procedure. Blend the sample until it gives a consistent texture. Transfer .200 g to a sealable container for freezer storage after further homogenization with a probe blender. Blend this subsample with the mixer until it is homogeneous. The test portion (e.g., 15 g) is taken for extraction immediately, and the container is then sealed and stored in the freezer in case re-analysis is necessary. The advantages of this approach are that the 15 g portion is highly representative of the original sample, the sample is well-comminuted to improv e extraction by shaking, less time is spent on the ov erall homogenization process than trying to prov ide equiv alent homogenization of the large initial sample with the chopper, and a frozen subsample is available for re-analysis if needed.To provide the most homogeneous comminuted samples, frozen conditions, sufficient chopping time, and appropriate sample size to chopper volume ratio should be used. Use of frozen samples also minimizes degradative and volatilization losses of certain pesticides. In this case, cut the sample into 2–5 cm3 portions with a knife and store the sample in the freezer prior to processing. Cryogenic blending devices, liquid nitrogen, or dry ice may also be used (but make sure all dry ice has sublimed before weighing samples and ensure that water condensation is minimal, especially in a humid environment). (6) For laboratories with LVI in GC/MS, prepare a test mix of the pesticides in MeCN + 0.1% HOAc to determine the retention times (t R) and MS quantitation/diagnostic ions at the particular GC/MS conditions to be used in the analysis [see Table 2 of the collaborative study (J. AOAC Int. 90, 485(2007)].The preparation of the test mix and calibration spiking standards are described as follows:(1) Test mix in MeCN + 0.1% HOAc.—4 ng/m L in 10 mL of all 30 compounds to be analyzed. Add 1 mL each of QC-spike solution + IS solution + TPP test solution + 1% HOAc in MeCN and fill to 10 mL with MeCN. Calibration spike standards in MeCN for 27 pesticide analytes (make 10 mL each in volumetric flasks, then transfer to 15 mL dark glass vials and store in freezer).(2) Cal-standard-1000.—20 ng/m L of each pesticide + 4 ng/m L IS in MeCN + 0.1% HOAc. Add 5 mL QC-spike solution + 1 mL IS solution + 1 mL 1% HOAc in MeCN and fill to the mark with MeCN.(3) Cal-standard-250.—5 ng/m L of each pesticide + 4 ng/m L IS in MeCN + 0.1% HOAc. Add 1.25 mL QC-spike solution + 1 mL IS solution + 1 mL 1% HOAc in MeCN and fill to the mark with MeCN.(4) Cal-standard-100.—2 ng/m L of each pesticide + 4 ng/m L IS in MeCN + 0.1% HOAc. Add 500 m L QC-spike solution + 1 mL IS solution + 1 mL 1% HOAc in MeCN and fill to the mark with MeCN.(5) Cal-standard-50.—1 ng/m L of each pesticide + 4 ng/m L IS in MeCN + 0.1% HOAc. Add 250 m L QC-spike solution + 1 mL IS solution + 1 mL 1% HOAc in MeCN and fill to the mark with MeCN.(6) Cal-standard-10.—0.2 ng/m L of each pesticide + 4 ng/m L IS in MeCN + 0.1% HOAc. Add 50 m L QC-spike solution + 1 mL IS solution + 1 mL 1% HOAc in MeCN and fill to the mark with MeCN.(7) Cal-standard-5.—0.1 ng/m L of each pesticide + 4 ng/m L IS in MeCN + 0.1% HOAc. Add 25 m L QC-spike solution + 1 mL IS solution + 1 mL 1% HOAc in MeCN and fill to the mark with MeCN. For laboratories without LVI in GC/MS, the preparation of the test mix and the calibration spiking standards are described below: (1a) Test mix for GC in tol uene.—4 ng/m L in 10 mL of all 30 compounds to be analyzed. Add 1 mL QC-spike solution + 1 mL IS solution + 1 mL TPP test solution and fill to 10 mL with toluene. Calibration spike standards in MeCN for LC/MS/MS (in dark glass AS vials stored in freezer).(2a) Cal-standard-1000.—20 ng/m L of each pesticide + 4 ng/m L IS in MeCN + 0.1% HOAc. Add 500 m L QC-spike solution + 100 m L IS solution + 100 m L 1% HOAc in MeCN + 320 m L MeCN.(3a) Cal-standard-250.—5 ng/m L of each pesticide + 4 ng/m L IS in MeCN + 0.1% HOAc. Add 125 m L QC-spike solution + 100 m L IS solution + 100 m L 1% HOAc in MeCN + 695 m L MeCN.(4a) Cal-standard-100.—2 ng/m L of each pesticide + 4 ng/m L IS in MeCN + 0.1% HOAc. Add 50 m L QC-spike solution + 100 m L IS solution + 100 m L 1% HOAc in MeCN + 770 m L MeCN.Dilute QC-spike solution.—4 ng/m L. Transfer 100 m L QC-spike solution to AS vial and add 900 m L MeCN.(5a) Cal-standard-50.—1 ng/m L of each pesticide + 4 ng/m L IS in MeCN + 0.1% HOAc. Add 250 m L dilute QC-spike solution + 100 m L IS solution + 100 m L 1% HOAc + 570 m L MeCN.(6a) Cal-standard-10.—0.2 ng/m L of each pesticide + 4 ng/m L IS in MeCN + 0.1% HOAc. Add 50 m L dilute QC-spike solution + 100 m L IS solution + 100 m L 1% HOAc and 770 m L MeCN.(7a) Cal-standard-5.—0.1 ng/m L of each pesticide + 4 ng/m L IS in MeCN + 0.1% HOAc. Add 25 m L dilute QC-spike solution + 100 m L IS solution + 100 m L 1% HOAc + 795 m L MeCN.Calibration spike standards in toluene.—Make 10 mL each in volumetric flasks, then transfer to 15 mL dark glass vials and store in freezer.(8a) Cal-standard-1000-tol.—20 ng/m L of each pesticide + 4 ng/m L IS in toluene. Add 5 mL QC-spike solution + 1 mL IS solution and fill to the mark with toluene.ã 2007 AOAC IN T ER N A T IONAL。
印度尼西亚投资指南
３．出口管理制度 印尼工贸部１ ／ＭＰＰ ／Ｋｅ ／ ／ ／ ９ ９ ８年第 ５ ５ ８ １ ２ １ ９ ９ ８ 号部长令和贸易部 ２ ０ ０ ７ 年第 ０ １ ｐ ／ Ｍ ＤＡＧ／ ＰＥＲ／ １ ２ ０ ０ ７号法令是印尼出口管理的基本制度。上述法令将出口货物分为４ 类， 并规定企业及个人出口货物必须持有商业企业注册号 （ ／商业企业准字 （ ＴＤＵＰ） Ｓ Ｉ 或由技术部根据有关法律签发的商业许可， 以及企业注册证（ 。 ＵＰ） ＴＤＰ） ２ ０ １ ０年变化： （ １）解除猪肉出口禁令 印尼解除了生猪、 猪肉及相关产品的出口禁令。该禁令是出于 ２ ０ １ ０年 ２月 １ １日 ， 于２ 对甲型 Ｈ１Ｎ１流感疫情的考虑， ０ ０ ９年５月份开始实施的。 （ ２）取消大宗商品出口信用证 印尼政府决定取消价值 １ 橡胶、 咖啡、 棕 ２ ０ １ ０年 ６月 ２ ９日 ， ０ ０万美元以上的可可、 榈油和矿产出口必须使用信用证的规定。该规定自２ ０ １ ０年７月１日开始正式实行。 （ 关于应使用信用证的出口商品的第１ ／Ｍ ／ ３）《 ０ ＤＡＧ／ ＰＥＲ／ ３ ２ ０ ０ ９号条例》 为了方便外汇收入， 配合之前出台的《 对以天然资源为基础的出 ２ ０ １ ０年 ７月 ８日 ， 印尼政府公布了 《 关于应使用信用证的出口商品的第 口商品及出口外汇收入的规定》 ， ／Ｍ ／ 。 １ ０ ＤＡＧ／ ＰＥＲ／ ３ ２ ０ ０ ９号条例》 该条例的主要内容包括： 从事出口的出口商， 每个月必须向贸易部外贸处处长提 ａ． 交完整和正确的出口实现报告和出口收入报告； 上述所提交的出口实现报告， 包括其 ｂ． 出口已实现或未实现的； 上述所提交的出口收入报告， 包括其出口收入已实现或未实 ｃ． 现的； 上述所指的出口商品须通过国内外汇银行 Ｌ 和在 ＰＥＢ 填 ／Ｃ 付款方式的义务， ｄ． 入Ｌ 于２ 上述所指的出口商品， 其付款方式 ／Ｃ 编码和日期， ０ １ ０年７月１日开始生效； ｅ． 可以使用 Ｌ 在 ＰＥＢ上填入有关利用 Ｌ ／Ｃ 或国际贸易使用的其他付款方式； ／Ｃ 付款及 ｆ． 其编码和日期， 或其他付款方式及其编码和日期（ 若有） 的义务。 （ ４）矿产品出口新规 印尼能源和矿产资源部出台新规， 决定在每月初为煤炭以及包括锡、 ２ ０ １ ０年 １ ０月 ，
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THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIANUMBER 40 OF 2007CONCERNINGLIMITED LIABILITY COMPANYBY THE GRACE OF ALMIGHTY GODTHE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIAConsidering : a. that the national economy, which is implemented based on economicdemocracy with the principles of community, fair efficiency,sustainability, environmental awareness, independence, andsafeguards for balanced progress and national economic unity,needs to be supported by a strong economic institutions in thecontext of creating prosperity for community;b.that in the context of increasing the national economic developmentand at the same time providing a strong foundation for thebusiness world in facing the development of world economy andprogress in science and technology in the coming globalizationera, a support is needed to enact a law that regulates limitedliability company which can assure the implementation of aconducive climate for the business world;c.that a limited liability company as one of the national economicdevelopment pillars, need to be given a legal ground in order toaccelerate more of the national development composed as amutual effort based on the principle of family spirit;d.that Law No. 1 of 1995 regarding Limited Liability Company isconsidered no longer in accordance with the legaldevelopments and needs of society, so that it is deemednecessary to be replaced with a new law;e.that based on the consideration as referred to in letter a, letter b,letter c, and letter d, it is necessary to form a Law on LimitedLiability Company ;In View of : Article 5 paragraph (1), Article 20, and Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia;With the unanimous approval of :THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVEAndTHE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIAHAVING RESOLVEDTo stipulate : A LAW ON LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANYCHAPTER IGENERAL PROVISIONSArticle 1In this law the following terms have the following meanings:1.Limited Liability Company, hereinafter referred to as the Company, means a legalentity constitutes a capital alliance, established based on an agreement, in order to conduct business activities with the Company’s Authorized Capital divided into shares and which satisfies the requirements as stipulated in this Law, and it implementation regulations.pany Organs means the General Meeting of Shareholders, the Board of Directors,and the Board of Commissioner.3.Social and Environmental Responsibility means the commitment from Company toparticipate in the sustainable economic development, in order to increase the quality of life and environment, which will be valuable for the Company itself, the local community, and the society in general.4.The General Meeting of Shareholders, hereinafter referred to as GMS, means theorgan of the Company that has authority not given to the Board of Directors or the Board of Commissioners, within limits as stipulated in this Law, and/or the articles of association.5.The Board of Directors means the organ of the Company that has the authority andfull responsibility to manage the Company for the interest of the Company, in accordance with the purposes and objectives of the Company as well as to represent the Company, either in or out the court in accordance with the provisions of the articles of association.6.The Board of Commissioners and the organ of the Company that has theresponsibility to conduct a general and/or specific supervision , in accordance with the articles of association, as well as providing advice for Board of Directors.7.Issuer means a Public Company or a Company which exercise a public offering toshares, in accordance with the provisions and legislations in the field of capital market.8.Public Company means a Company which satisfies the criteria of numbers ofshareholders numbers and amount of paid-up capital in accordance with the provisions and legislations in the field of capital market.9.Merger means a legal action taken by one or more Companies in order to merge withanother existing Company, which causes the transfer of assets and liabilities of the merging Companies by operation of law, to the surviving Company and thereafter the legal entity status of the merging Company ceases by operation of law.10.Consolidation means a legal action taken by two or more Companies to consolidatethemselves by establishing a new Company, which by operation of law obtains the assets and liabilities from the consolidating Companies, and the legal entity status of the consolidating Companies ceases by operation of law.11.Acquisition means a legal action conducted by a legal entity or an individual toacquire the shares of the Company, resulting in the transfer of control of such Company.12.Separation means a legal action taken by a Company in order to separate itsbusinesses, which causes all assets and liabilities of the Company legally transferred to 2 (two) or more Companies, or part of the assets and liabilities of the Company legally transferred to 1 (one) or more Companies.13.Registered Mail means a letter which is addressed to a recipient evidenced by asigned and the date receipt from the recipient.14.Newspaper means a daily newspaper in Indonesian language with nationalcirculation.15.Day means a calendar day.16.The minister means the minister whose tasks and responsibilities are in the field oflaw and human rights.Article 2The Company must have a purpose and objective as well as business activities that do not conflict with the legislative regulations, public order, and/or morality.Article 3(1)The Company’s Shareholders are not personally liable for agreements made onbehalf of the Company, and are not liable for the Company’s losses in excess of their prospective shareholding.(2)The provision as referred to in paragraph (1) do not apply if :a.the requirements for the Company as a legal entity has not been or are notfulfilled;b.the relevant shareholders, either directly or indirectly, with bad faith, exploitsthe Company for their personal interest;c.the relevant shareholders are involved in illegal actions committed by theCompany; ord.the relevant Shareholders, either directly or indirectly, illegally utilizes theassets of the Company, which result in the Company’s assets becomeinsufficient to settle the Company’s debt.Article 4This Law, the articles of association of the Company, and provisions of other legislations shall apply to the Company.Article 5(1)The Company shall have a name and domicile within the territory of the Republic ofIndonesia, as determined in the articles of association.(2)The Company shall have a full address in accordance with its domicile.(3)In correspondences, announcements published by the Company, printed materials,and deeds to which the Company is a party, the name and full address of the Company must be mentioned.Article 6The Company may be established within a limited period or unlimited period as stipulated in the articles of association.CHAPTER IITHE ESTABLISHMENT, ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION AND AMENDMENTS OF ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION, REGISTRY OF COMPANY AND ANNOUNCEMENTSPart 1ESTABLISHMENTArticle 7(1)The Company shall be established by 2 (two) or more persons based on a notarialdeed drawn up in Indonesian language.(2)Each founder of the Company is obliged to subscribe shares upon the establishmentof the Company.(3)The provision as referred to in paragraph (2) does not apply in the context ofConsolidation.(4)The Company obtains legal entity status on the date of the issuance of MinisterialDecree regarding the ratification of the Company’s leg al entity.(5)If after the Company obtains its legal entity status and the number of shareholdersbecomes less than 2 (two) persons, then within the period of not later than 6 (six) months as from such condition, the relevant shareholders is obliged to transfer part of their shares to other persons or the Company shall issue new shares to other persons.(6)In the event that the time period as referred to in paragraph (5) has exceeded, andthere is still less than 2 (two) shareholders, the shareholders shall be personally liable for all agreements/legal relationship and the Company’s loss, and upon the request of the interested party, the District Court may wind up the Company. (7)The provision which requires the Company to be established by 2 (two) or morepersons as referred to in paragraph (1), and the provision on paragraph (5), as well as paragraph (6) do not apply to :a.State Owned Limited Liability Company; orpanies managing security exchange, clearing house and underwriting,custodian and settlement institution, and other institutions regulated in theLaw on Capital Market.Article 8(1)The deed of establishment shall set forth articles of association and other informationrelated to the Company’s establishment.(2)Other information as referred to in paragraph (1) shall contain at least:a.full name, place and date of birth, occupation, residential, and nationality of theindividual founder, or name, domicile, and full address, as well as the numberand date of the Ministerial Decree regarding the ratification of legal entityfounders of the Company;b.full name, place and date of birth, occupation, residential, and nationality of thefirst members of the Board of Directors and the Board of Commissioners tobe appointed.c.the name of the shareholders who have subscribed the shares, detail of thenumber of shares, and nominal value of shares subscribed and paid-up.(3)In making the deed of establishment, the founder can be represented by other personby virtue of a Power of Attorney.Article 9(1)In order to obtain the Ministerial Decree regarding the ratification of the Company’slegal entity as referred to in Article 7 paragraph (4), the founders shall jointly submit an application through an electronic legal entity administration system information technology services to the Minister by filling up the form which shall contain at least the following :a.The name and domicile of the Company;b.The term of establishment of the Company;c.The purpose and objective as well as business activities of the Company;d.The amount of authorized capital, issued capital, and paid-up capital;e.full address of the Company.(2)Filling in the form as referred to in paragraph (1) must be preceded by the submissionof the Company’s name.(3)In the case the founders do not submit the application themselves as referred to inparagraph (1) and paragraph (2), the founder may only give power of attorney toa notary.(4)Further provisions regarding the procedure of submission and use of the Company’sname will be stipulated by Government Regulation.Article 10(1)The application to obtain the Ministerial Decree as referred to in Article 9 paragraph(1), must be submitted to the Minister not later than 60 (sixty) days as of thesigning date of the deed of establishment, complete with information on the supporting documents.(2)The provision regarding the supporting documents as referred to in paragraph (1)shall be stipulated by a Minister Regulation.(3)If the form as referred to in Article 9, paragraph (1) and the information on thesupporting documents as referred to in paragraph (1) is in accordance with the provisions of the legislations, the Minister shall directly declare electronically that there is no objection to the relevant application.(4)If the form format as referred to in Article 9 paragraph (1) and the information on thesupporting documents as referred to in paragraph (1) is not in accordance withthe provisions of the legislations, the Minister shall directly notify electronically of the rejection and the reasons therefore.(5)Within the period not later than 30 (thirty) days as of the non-objection statement dateas referred to in paragraph (3), the relevant applicant is obliged to physically submit an application letter with a supporting documents attached.(6)If all requirements as referred to in paragraph (5) have been fully fulfilled not laterthan 14 (fourteen) days, the Minister shall issue a decree regarding the ratification of the Company as a legal entity which is signed electronically.(7)If the requirements regarding the period and the completeness of the supportingdocuments as referred to in paragraph (5) are not fulfilled, the Minister shall directly notify the matter to the applicant electronically, and the statement of no objection as referred to in paragraph (3) shall become null.(8)In the event that the statement of no objection is null, the applicant as referred to inparagraph (5) may re-submit an application in order to obtain the Decree from the Minister as referred to in Article 9, paragraph (1).(9)In the event that the application to obtain the Ministerial Decree is not submittedwithin the period as referred to in paragraph (1), the deed of establishment shall be void as from the lapse of such period and the Company which does not yet have legal entity status shall be dissolved by operation of law, and the settlement shall be conducted by the founders.(10)The provision on the period as referred to in paragraph (1), shall also apply for a re-submission.Article 11Further provisions regarding submission of application to obtain the Ministerial Decree as referred to in Article 7 paragraph (4) for certain areas that do not yet have or cannot use electronic network, shall be regulated in a Ministerial Regulation.Article 12(1)Legal actions relating to share ownership and to which payment is performed by aprospective founder prior the establishment of the Company, shall be stated in the deed of establishment.(2)In the event of legal actions as referred to in paragraph (1) are stated in a deed whichis not an authentic deed, such deed shall be attached to the deed of establishment.(3)In the event of legal actions as referred to in paragraph (1) are stated in an authenticdeed, the number, date and name as well as domicile of the Notary making such authentic deed shall be mentioned in the deed of establishment of the Company.(4)In the event that the provisions as referred to in paragraph (1), (2), and (3) are notfulfilled, such legal actions shall not give rise to rights and obligations and shall not bind the Company.Article 13(1)Legal acts performed by the prospective founders for the interest of a Companywhich is has not yet been established, shall bind the Company after the Company becomes a legal entity if the first GMS of the Company explicitly states that it accepts or takes over all rights and obligations arising from the legal acts conducted by the prospective founders or its attorney.(2)The first GMS as referred to in paragraph (1) shall be conducted not later than 60(sixty) days after the Company obtains the status of legal entity.(3)The resolution of the GMS as referred to in paragraph (2) is valid if the GMS isattended by the shareholders representing all shares with voting rights and the resolution is approved unanimously.(4)In the event that the GMS is not held within the period as referred to in paragraph (2),or the GMS is failed to adopt the resolution as referred to in paragraph (3), each prospective founder exercising such legal actions shall be personally liable to the consequences arising.(5)The GMS approval as referred to in paragraph (2) will not be necessary if such legalactions are performed or approved in writing by all prospective founders prior the establishment of the Company.Article 14(1)Legal actions on behalf of the Company which has not yet obtained the status of legalentity, may only be performed by all members of the Board of Directors together with all founders, as well as all members of the Board of Commissioners of the Company, and they will all be jointly and severally liable for such legal actions. (2)In the event of such legal actions as referred to in paragraph (1) are performed by thefounders on behalf of the Company which has not yet obtained the status of legal entity, the relevant founders shall be responsible for such legal actions and the legal actions shall not bind the Company.(3)The legal actions as referred to in paragraph (1), by operation of law shall be theresponsibility of the Company after the Company becomes a legal entity.(4)The legal actions as referred to in paragraph (2) shall only be bound and shall be theresponsibility of the Company after such legal actions are approved by all shareholders in the GMS attended by all shareholders of the Company.(5)GMS as referred to in paragraph (4) is the first GMS which must be held not laterthan 60 (sixty) days after the Company obtains its legal entity status.Part TwoArticles of Association and Amendment of Articles of AssociationParagraph 1Articles of AssociationArticle 15(1)Articles of association as referred to in Article 8 paragraph (1) shall contain at least :a.The name and domicile of the Company;b.The purposes and objectives as well as the business activities of theCompany;c.The period of incorporation of the Company;d.The amount of authorized capital, issued capital, and paid-up capital;e.The number of shares, shares classification if any, including the number ofshares for each classification, the rights attached to each share, and nominalvalue of each share;f.The name of title or position and the number of members of the Board ofDirectors and the Board of Commissioners;g.The determination of the place and procedures for holding a GMS;h.The procedures of appointment, replacement, and dismissal of the members ofthe Board of Directors and the Board of Commissioners;i.The procedure for profit utilization and dividend distribution.(2)Apart from the provisions as referred to in paragraph (1), the articles of associationmay also contain other provisions which do not conflict with this Law.(3)The articles of association may not contain:a.provisions concerning receipt of fixed interest on shares; orb.provisions concerning the grant of personal benefits to the founders or otherparties.Article 16(1)Companies may not use names which:a.have been legally used by another Company or are in principle the same asthe name of another Company;b.conflict with public order and/or morality;c.are the same as or similar to names of state institutions, governmentinstitutions, or international institutions, except with the permission of thoseconcerned;d.are not in accordance with the purpose and objective as well as businessactivities or only show the purpose and objective of the Company without itsown name;e.consist of figures or series of figures, characters or series of characters whichdo not formed words.f.have the meaning as Company, legal entity, or civil association.(2)The name of the Company must be preceded by the phrase “Perseroan Terbatas”(Limited Liability Company) or the abbreviation “PT”.(3)In the case of a Public Company(Perseroan Terbuka), apart from the provisionsreferred to in paragraph (2) being applicable, the abbreviation “Tbk” s hall be added at the end of the Company’s name.(4)Further provisions regarding the procedures for the use of Company names shall bestipulated by Government Regulation.Article 17(1)The Company shall domicile in the city or regency within the territory of the Republicof Indonesia as stipulated in the articles of association.(2)The domicile referred to in paragraph (1) shall at the same time constitute the headoffice of the Company.Article 18(1)The Company must have a purpose and objective as well as business activity whichare stated in the articles of association of the Company and in accordance with the provisions of legislations.Paragraph 2Amendments to the Articles of AssociationArticle 19(1)Amendments to the articles of association must be determined by a GMS.(2)Agenda on the amendments of the articles of association must be clearly stated innotice to a GMS.Article 20(1)Amendments to the articles of association of a Company that has been declaredbankrupt, cannot be conducted except with the approval from the curator.(2)The curator’s approval as referred to in paragraph (1) shall be attached in theapplication for approval and notification of amendments of the articles of association to the Minister.Article 21(1)Certain amendments to the articles of association must have approval from theMinister.(2)Certain amendments of the articles of association as referred to in paragraph (1) shallcontain the following: and/or domicile of the Company;b.purposes and objectives as well as business activities of the Company;c.period of incorporation of the Company;d.amount of Authorized Capital,e.reduction of issued and paid-up capital; and/orf.change of the status of the Company from private company to Issuer orotherwise.(3)Amendments of the articles of association other than as referred to in paragraph (2)are only need to be notified to the Minister.(4)The amendments to the articles of association as referred to in paragraph (2) andparagraph (3) shall be set forth or stated in the notarial deed and in Indonesian language.(5)Amendments to the articles of association not drawn up in a notarial deed of minutesof meeting, shall be drawn up in a notarial deed not later than 30 (thirty) days as of the date of resolution of the GMS.(6)An amendment to the articles of association may not be stated in a notarial deedupon the lapse of 30 (thirty) days as referred to in paragraph (5).(7)Application for approval of the amendment of articles of association as referred to inparagraph (2) shall be submitted to the Minister, not later than 30 (thirty) days asof the date of the notarial deed containing the amendments of the articles of association.(8)The provision as referred to in paragraph (7), apply mutatis mutandis for thenotification of the amendment of article of association to the Minister.(9)After the lapse of 30 (thirty) days period as referred to in paragraph (7), theapplication for approval or the notification of the amendment of articles of association may not be submitted or delivered to the Minister.Article 22(1)An application for approval of the amendment of articles of association regarding theextension of the period of incorporation of the Company as set forth in the articles of association, must be submitted to the Minister not later than 60 (sixty) days prior to the period of incorporation of the Company becomes expire.(2)The Minister shall provide his approval to application for the extension of the period ofincorporation as referred to in paragraph (1) not later than the last date of the Company’s incorporation.Article 23(1)Amendments to the articles of Association as referred to in Article 21 paragraph (2)shall take effect as of the issuance date of the Ministerial Decree regarding the approval of the amendment of articles of association.(2)Amendments to the articles of association as referred to in Article 21 paragraph (3)shall take effect as of the issuance date of receipt of notification by the Minister of the amendment articles of association.(3)The provisions as referred to in paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) do not apply wherethis Law determines otherwise.Article 24(1)The Company whose capital and number of shareholders fulfill the criteria of a PublicCompany in accordance with the provisions of the legislations in the field of capital market, is obliged to amend its articles of association as referred to in Article 21 paragraph (2), letter f within the 30 (thirty) days period as of the fulfillment of the criteria.(2)The Board of Directors of the Company as referred to in paragraph (1) is obliged tosubmit a registration statement in accordance with the provisions of legislations in the field of capital market.Article 25(1)Amendment to the articles of association regarding the change of the status of theCompany from private Company to Issuer, shall take effect as of:a.The effective date of the registration statement submitted to the capital marketsupervisory agency for Public Company; orb.Implementation of a public offering by a Company who submits the registrationstatement to the capital market supervisory agency, in order to exercise apublic offering of shares in accordance with the provisions of legislations inthe field of capital market.(2)In the event the registration statement of the Company as referred to in paragraph (1)letter a does not come into effect, or the Company that has submitted a registration statement as referred to in paragraph (1) letter b fails to implement the public offeringof shares, the Company must amend its articles of association again within the period of 6 (six) months after the date of approval from the Minister.Article 26Amendment to the articles of association made in the framework of Merger or Acquisition, shall take effect as of:a.The date of approval from the Minister;b.A later date determined in the approval of the Minister; orc.Date of the receipt of notification on the amendment of articles of association from theMinister, or a later date determined in the deed of Merger or the deed of Acquisition.Article 27Application for approval on the amendment of articles of association as referred to in Article 21 paragraph (2) will be rejected if :a.it is contrary to the provisions regarding the procedures of the amendment of thearticles of association;b.the contents of the amendments are contrary with the provisions of legislations, publicorder, and/or morality; orc.there is any objection from the creditor to the GMS resolution regarding the reductionof capital.Article 28The provisions regarding the procedures of application submission to obtain the Ministerial Decree regarding the ratification of the Company’s legal entity, and theobjections as referred to in Article 9, Article 10, and Article 11, shall apply mutatis mutandis to the submission of an application for the approval of the amendment of the articles of association and objections thereto.Part ThreeCompany Registry and AnnouncementParagraph 1Company RegistryArticle 29(1)Company Registry is implemented by the Minister.(2)Company Registry as referred to in paragraph (1) shall contain data concerning theCompany as follows : and domicile, purposes and objectives as well as the business activities,period of incorporation, and capitalization;b.full address of the Company as referred to in Article 5;c.number and date of the deed of establishment and the Ministerial Decreeregarding ratification of the Company as a legal entity as referred to inArticle 7 paragraph (4);d.number and date of deed of amendment of the articles of association, andapproval from the Minister as referred to in Article 23 paragraph (1);e.number and date of deed of amendment of the articles of association, and thedate of receipt of the notification by the Minister as referred to in Article 23paragraph (2); and domicile of the notary who made the deed of establishment anddeed of amendment of the articles of association;g.full name and address of the shareholders, members of the Board of Directors,and members of the Board of Commissioners of the Company;h.number and date of deed of winding up, or number and date of the court rulingon the winding up of the Company which has been informed to the Minister;i.the expiry of the Company’s status as a legal en tity;j.the balance sheet and profit and loss statement from the financial year concerned for the Company for which auditing is required.。