自考英语(一)复习资料第五章
自考英语(一)复习资料第一章
自考英语(一)复习资料第一章第一部分词海拾趣1．Success n . 成功I wish you success.Congratulations to you on your success.Succeed in doing something 成功的做成某件事If he succeeds in passing the university entrance examination, he''ll travel abroad.分析下面这句话中succeed 的意思：A silence succeeded his words. (随后，接着)他说完话后，紧接着是一阵沉默。
Successful adj. 成功的In a way, he''s successful.Unsuccessful successfully(前后缀)2． Disagree with…不同意…agree 同意…agree with … I couldn''t agree with youmore.I agree with what you said.agree to … Do you agree to the plan ?agree on… Finally they agreed on that point.( 补充dislike , unlike )3.statement 声明，陈述，财务报表，财务结算表eg: Do you believe his statement? 你相信他说的话吗？I get a statement from the bank every month. 我每个月从银行收到一份财务结算表。
（构词法 state statement , improve improvement ）4. guarantee n , v. 保证，担保，保修under guarantee 在保修期The watch is still under guarantee. 这块手表还在保修期。
自考英语国家概况---复习资料--英国国家概况知识点及经济篇英语国家概况经济篇文档.doc
英语国家概况经济篇%1.自然资源英国:Compare with many other countries,Britain has comsiderable reserves of coal.Today British coal mining is called a "sick" industry.Natural gas and oil was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea.Britain was the first nation to build a large iron and steel industry.Rich deposits of iron ore were found in central England.As with the coal industry,Britain's steel industry is declining.美国:Fertile soil is one of the most important natural resouces in the United States.America's forest resources are among the world's largest.Another natural resource that contributes to the welfare of the country is water.America is the leaders in production of Coal,iron ore,cpper,oil,sulfur,lead and zine.But short for tin,manganese,and nikel.爱尔兰Ireland is now the largest producer of lead and zinc concentrates in Europe.While Ireland lacks sizeable oil deposits,it has a valuable energy source in the peat,or turt,bogs that cover extensive areas of the country.力口拿大:Water is one of the most important natural resources in Canada.Almost half of the land area of Canada is covered by forests. Canada ranks third,in the production of lumber and other forest products in the world.The largest producer of newsprint in the world.Canada is a primary world producer of nickle,zine and asbestoes,and comes second in potash,third in gold and fourth in copper.Canada is a major world supplier of uranium.Experts believe that the cold fields of Canada may be among the largest in the world.A great deposit of petroleum was discovered south of Edmonton in Alberta. About two thurdsof Canada's petroleum and about four fifths of its natural gas come from Alberta.澳大利亚:Australia is one of the world's biggest producers of minerals and metals.It has major deposits of bauxite,mineral sands,diamonds,and black and brown coal,and large reserves of ores containing gold,lead,zinc,iron,copper,nikel,manganese and uranium. It is the world largest exporter of coal,and a major exporter of uranium.新西兰:There is an increasingly large share of energy comes from local resources:natural gas,crude oil,hydroelectricity and geothermal steam. Coal is of growing importance.Solar energy,vegetable oils and ethylalcohol from fermentation make small contributions.%1.农业英国:The Britain were pioneers in modern agriculture and were among the first to bring science and machinery to farming.The new farming has been called "agribusiness" .There are mainly six farming types in Britain.They are arable farning,dairy fariming, stock farming,mixed farming,hill farming and market gardening.Because of the cool climate,apples,pears and plums grwo very well in Britain.The North Sea has very good fishing grounds.美国:Yet the United States grows nearly one fourth of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.It ranks first,second,or third in the production and export of corn, wheat, rice, soybeans, oranges, meat,milk, apples,oats,cotton,tobaoo, peanuts,and edible vegetable oil.（具体的在什么地方种什么东西可以参照书上P289-291）爱尔兰:Agriculture generates anestimated 11% of the Ireland GNRemploys 17% of the labour force and produces 25% of total exports.The most signigicant recent development in Irish agriculture has been membership in the European Community.加拿大:The land used for agriculture makes up only 7 % in Canada. Canada farms specialize in producing wheat,food crops for animals dairy products,and fruit.Fishing and mining are quiteimportant.The Canada Prairie is the centre of a rich wheat belt.Eastern Canada is noted for a variety of farm products.Dairying is in the lowlands of Quebec and Ontario.Fruits are grown in Western Nova Scotia.澳大利亚:Today,agriculture is the nation's largest and most diverse industry. Australia is one of the world's leading producers of food and natural fibres. Australia is the world's largest exporter of wool,the second largest exporter of meat,the third largest exporter of wheat and a major international supplier of sugar,dairy products,fruits,cotton and rice.Australia's agriculture importance has declined in recent years.新西兰:Vineyards produce international award-winning red and white wines.%1.制造业，工业英国:The textile is one of Britain's oldest.Textiles were on of the country's most vauluable exports.Britain became a world leader in shipbuilding during the middle of the 19th century.The two main centres for shipbuilding were on the River Tyne near Newcastle,England and on the Clyde near Glasgow in Scotland.The Britain motor industry now dominated by four firms(Ford,the RoverGroup,GM-Vauxhall,and Peugeot)There are three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech industrial growth. Scotland has Europe's largest collection of foreign-owned chip factories.Over 90% of the companies are from the U.S. A.,Japan,the Netherlands and germany.美国:The untied States ranks first,second,third or fourth in the world in the production of crude steel,passenger cars,commercial vehicles,chemi cals,radio sets,television sets,and other manufacturing goods.Manufacturing accounts for about one quarter of theGDRabout one quarter of the national income,and over one fifth of the work force.The industrial regions are the Midwest(the nations's leading centre of heavy industry) round the Great Lakes,the Middle Atlantic states,the South,and the Pacific Coast.爱尔兰:Since the 1961 s,manufactuing has become the mainstay of the Irish economy.Of industrial employment,66% are employed in manufacting.力口拿大:Manufacturing is the mst important economic activity in Canada.Food processing is the leading industry. The manufacture of transportation equipment ranks second. The production of paper and paper related products ranks third, metal products are also important.澳大利亚:The mining industry in Australia has faced new problems in recent years.Australia's service sector is the fastest-growing sector of industry.lt has been growing in importance in recent years.新西兰:There are two steel comanies:New Zealand Steel which uses iron sands from the west coast of North Island,and Pacific Steel which reuses scrap iron.New Zealand is a world leader in the CNA(compressed natural gas) industry.Garments,fabrics and carpets are exported.The fishing industry has expanded greatly and is now the 4th largest export earner.%1.对外贸易英国:Britain is the fifth largest trading country in the world.Napoleon called it a "nation of shopkeepers".Britain's foreign trade is mainly with other developed countries.which accounts for 79% of exports and 85% of imports. About half with EC.Traditionally,Britain has had a deficit on visible trade and a surplus on invisible trade.美国:Currenty U.S. exports are about 15% of the world's total.The Unites States imports about 13% of all world imports.Canada is the largest single source og goods imported by the U.S.‘accounting for nearly 30% of the total. Outside of North America,Europe is the largest source of imports with about 30%,Asia provides about 18%,with smaller percentages from Latin America,Africa,and Australia.爱尔兰:Successive Irish governments have adopted a consistent and postive approoach toward attracting overseas investment.The new foreign firms now account for over 70% of manufactured exports.Ireland is new an industrial exporter.Manufactured goods account for about two-thirds of total wxports.力口拿大:A total about four fifths of all foreign investments in Canada are American.澳大利亚:Australia is a middle-level trading nation.The main feature of Australia's trade is that it has always involved the exchange of raw materials for finished products.Australia's trade relations with China have been developing rapidly in recent years. China accouts for about 3% of Australian total exports.新西兰:Trade is New Zealand's linelihood.Foreign investment is increasing and financial markets are active.Western Europe and particularly Britain have traditionally been New Zealand's major export market.The main imports are industrial raw materials,capital equipment and consumer goods.New Zealand is the world's largest exporter of lamb and mutton as well as dairy products.%1.当今面临的问题英国:Britain is the oldest industrial country in the world.The term "Britain disease" is noew often used to characterise Britain's economic decline.The Evolution of the Britain Economy since the War: 1.Steady development in the 50s and 60s.2.Economic recession in the 70s.3.Economic recovery in the 80s.这里有一部分是撒切尔的宏，微观措施比较重要(P91-92)Irel and FiannaFail,TheSenate,美国:The Untied States has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector. So the economy system of the United States is principally privately owned.But today,many of American people still live under the poverty line.Unemployment,inflation,finacial deficit,and trade deficit are the troubles that always face the United States.爱尔兰:The value of imports generally exceeds that of exports. That's why Ireland has a chronic negative balance of trade.Continuing dependence on imported oil is one of the reasons for the high import bill.力口拿大:In the past few years ho we ver,C anada' s unemployment rate has been high.But what is worth nothing is that the cost for manufacturing has increased while the productivity per worker has decreased as compared with the United States or with its ten trading partners.While Canada has one of the world's highest standards of living,not all regions of the country have enjoyed the same degree of prosperity.Some measures have been taken by the Federal government to help those slow grownth regions. 澳大利亚:Problems of Australia economy: 1 .Over-reliance on commodityexports.2.Failure to share in the expansion of international trade.3.The decline of manufaturing industries and the effects of tariffs.Country Party system HousesBritain The conservative Party, The House of Commons The Labour Party The House of Lorbs The U.S. The Democrats, The Senate,The Republic The House of RepresentativesFine Gael The House of RepresentativesAustralia The Labour Party, The Senate,the Liberal and National Party The House of RepresentativesNew Zealand The National Party,The Labour Party The House of RepresentativesCanada The Liberal Party, The Senate,the Progressive Conservative Party The House of Representatives考试前注意事项考前准备：一、欲善其事，必先利其器。
(全新)全国自考综合英语(一)试题及解析
⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精选自学考料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯全国 2018 年 4 月高等教育自学考试综合英语（一）试题课程代码： 00794请将答案填在答题纸相应地点上Ⅰ. 用适合语法形式或词汇填空。
从A 、B、 C 和 D 四个选项中选出一个最正确答案，并填入答题纸相应地点。
（本大题共 30 小题，每题 1 分，共 30 分）1．It was _____ that we went for a picnic in the country.A ． such nice a day B． such nice dayC． so nice a day D． so nice day2．I don ’ t think that Jack will come tomorrow morning, _________ ?A ． does he B． will heC． doesn ’ t he D． won’ t he3．By the end of next month I ______ here for five years.A ． will work B． have been workingC． have worked D． will have been working4．Much research _______ into the possible causes of the disease in the past few years.A ． has been done B． was doneC． have been done D． were done5．The manager would rather his daughter _____ in the same company.A ． would not work B． will not workC． does not work D． did not work6．Mike promised to keep me ______ how our business was going on.A ． informed B． informed ofC． to be informed D． to be informed of7．I have no objection ______ for a hike on the mountains with Cynthia.A ． to go B． goingC． to going D． of going8．____ a teacher in our college, it is necessary to have at least a master ’ s degree.A ． To become B． One becomesC． Becoming of D． Who becomes19．All the task ______ ahead of time, we planned to go on holiday for a week.A ． had fulfilled B． having fulfilledC． were fulfilled D． having been fulfilled10． Not until the game had begun ______ the sports ground.A ． did Peter arrive at B． Peter arrived atC． didn ’ t Peter arrive at D． Peter didn’ t arrive at11． I didn’ t send out my application form last ek,we but I ________.A ． had to B． might have toC． have had D． should have12． I will give the ticket to _______ wants to have it.A ． whomever B． whoeverC． some one D． anyone13． The reason _______ I did not go to the lecture yesterday was that I had something important to do.A ． which B． for thatC． because D． why14． Be careful with those explosives _______ end up killing ourselves.A ． then we won’t B． but we won’tC． or we will D． and we will15． I don’ t play basketball any more, _________ when I was a child.A ． but I used to B． I used toC． but I used to do D． I used to do16． Living here at the top of the mountain with no one else near, the old man must be very ____.A ． only B． aloneC． lone D． lonely17． Her name was on the waiting list for an emergency liver transplant, but no organ would be ______ for a month or two.A ． reliable B． acceptableC． available D． feasible18． ____ could give an old man greater pleasure than to imagine he was back in childhood again.2A ． Everything B． NothingC． Anything D． Something19． Many television _____ seem to enjoy watching the World Cup.A ． spectators B． lookersC． audience D． viewers20．To her ____ the men in her classes didn’ t deliberately try to embarrass her but accepted her asa fellow student.A ． sorrow and disappointmentB ． surprise and pleasureC． anger and frustration D ．hatred and resentment21． The classroom was silent _____ the busy scratching of pens on paper.A ． besidesB ． apart fromC． except for D ． except22． ____ publishing complete novels, he began to write stories in serial form.A ． Instead ofB ． In spite ofC． Instead D ．Beside23． The man loves nature and the soil. That is why he has bought a piece of land in the country and __________ to grow his own vegetables.A ． taken the difficultyB ． had the troubleC． had the difficulty D ． taken the trouble24． No matter how hard he tried, he couldn’ t ______ of what the old woman said.A ． work outB ． make senseC． make sure D ． figure out25． The teacher told us that we didn’ t have to _____ every new word we ran into when reading.A ． look overB ． look throughC． look up D ． look into26． When he wrote to his father that he wanted to ____ his education and get married, his father cut off his allowance.A ． give upB ． give outC． give in D ．give away27． His speech was warmly received. It was several minutes before the applause _______.3A ． died downB ． died ofC． died out D ．died off28． Mr. Zhang makes _____ a point to keep up with the latest development in his field.A ． this B． thatC． it D． these29． In many countries now seat belts are _____ for the driver and front seat passengers at least.A ． necessary B． in demandC． in need D． compulsory30． The imbalance between males and females could ______ serious consequences.A ． change into B． lead toC． turn to D． develop intoⅡ . 认真阅读下边两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。
英语自考 00595英语阅读(一)201504 真题试卷
全国2015年4月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题课程代码：00595第一部分选择题I. CAREFUL READINGRead the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The average population density of the world is 47 persons per square mile. Continental densities range from no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica to 211 per square mile in Europe. In the western hemisphere, population densities range from 4 per square mile in Canada to 675 per square mile in Puerto Rico. In Europe the range is from 4 per square mile in Iceland to 831 per square mile in the Netherlands. Within countries there are wide variations of population densities. For example，in Egypt，the average is 55 persons per square mile,but 1, 300 persons inhabit each square mile in settled portions where the land is arable (可耕种的).High population densities generally occur in regions of developed industrialization, such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Great Britain, or where lands are intensively used for agriculture, as in Puerto Rico and Java.Low average population densities，which are characteristic of most underdeveloped countries, are generally associated with a relatively low percentage of cultivated land. This generally results from poor quality lands. It may also be due to natural obstacles to cultivation, such as deserts, mountains or malaria-infested jungles; to land uses other than cultivation, as pasture and forested land; to primitive methods that limit cultivation; to social obstacles; and to land ownership systems which keep land out of production.More economically advanced countries of low population density have, as a rule, large proportions of their populations living in urban areas. Their rural population densities are usually very low. Poorer developed countries of correspondingly low general population density, on the other hand, often have a concentration of rural population living on arable land, which is as great as the rural concentration found in the most densely populated industrial countries.1.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. World PopulationB. Population DensitiesC. Population MigrationD. Economics and Population2.In the cultivated areas of Egypt, we may expect to find_____.A.few inhabitantsB.densely populated settlementsC.l,300persons living in one settlementD.55 persons inhabiting one square mile3.The most densely populated community in Europe is_____ .A.IcelandB. BelgiumC.the NetherlandsD. Great Britain4.This passage indicates that Puerto Rico is_____.A.agriculture-orientedB. malaria-infestedC.highly industrializedD. poverty-stricken5.This passage has probably been taken from a/an _____.A.tourist guideB. business journalC.world geography bookD. economic reportPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Engaging in a hobby like reading a book, making a patchwork quilt or even playing computer games can delay the onset of dementia, a US study suggests. Watching TV, however, does not count—and indeed, spending significant periods of time in front of the box may speed up memory loss, researchers found. Nearly 200 people aged 70 to 89 with mild memory problems were compared with a group who had no impairment. The researchers from the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota asked the volunteers about their daily activities within the past year and how mentally active they had been between the age of 50 to 65. Those who had? during middle age, been busy reading, playing games or engaging in craft hobbies like patchworking or knitting were found to have a 40% reduced risk of memory impairment. In later life，those same activities reduced the risk by a rate between 30% and 50%. Those who watched TV for less than 7 hours a day were also 50% less likely to develop memory loss than those who spend longer staring at the screen.“This study is exciting because it demonstrates that ageing does not need to be a passive process，”said neuroscientist Dr. Yonas Geda. “By simply engaging in cognitive exercise, you can protect against future memory loss. Of course, the challenge with this type of research is that we are relying on past memories of the subjects (实验对象)，therefore we need to confirm these findings with additional research.”Sarah Day，head of public health at the Alzheimer’s Society，said，“One million people will develop dementia in the next 10 years so there is a desperate need to find ways to prevent dementia. Exercising and challenging your brain~by learning new skills, doing puzzles such as crosswords, and even learning a new language—can be fun. However, more research, where people are followed up over time, is needed to understand whether these sorts of activities can reduce the risk of dementia.”6.If one suffers from dementia, he would be unable to_____.A. move his limbsB. speak correctlyC. recall past eventsD. sit in upright posture7.The subjects of the research mentioned in the passage were_____.A. people watching TV programs several hours a dayB. the middle-aged with lots of daily mental activitiesC. people actively engaged in their hobbies at an early ageD. two groups of seniors either with or without memory problems8.It was found in the research that_____.A.cognitive exercise helps people prevent future memory lossB.cure for dementia will soon be available in 10 years or soC.mentally challenging hobbies usually lead to mental fatigueD.nothing can deter the gradual loss of memory9.The research was based on the data of the_____.A.brain makeup of the subjectsB.past memories of the subjectses of language of the subjectsD.physical exercises of the subjects10. More research should be conducted in which .A.people of different age groups should be investigatedB.the relationship between dementia and genes will be investigatedC.more subjects will be included so as to verify the current findingsD.effects of cognitive exercise on subjects should be traced over timePassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The complex topic “social class”is difficult to avoid when discussing British society，which is often seen as a society in which “social class”is more important than in other countries. This is true to a certain extent, but should probably not be exaggerated. Most countries have some kind of class structure. There exist broad groups within society which share types of employment, income levels, and certain cultural characteristics. But important in the idea of “class” is that it makes a difference to an in dividual’s “life-chances” which group or class he or she is bom into. So if a middle-class couple, perhaps a doctor and a teacher, have a child, it is more likely that that child will also acquire middle-class education, employment and income levels than will the child of working-class factory workers. This is certainly the case in the UK, though it should be stressed that it is far from impossible for the working-class child to acquire middle-class status: it is simply statistically much more unlikely than for his middle-class school-friend.If asked, about half the British population would describe themselves as middle-class, and half as working-class. Employment would be the main guide they would use: manual (or “blue-collar”）workers would usually call themselves working-class，and office (or “white-collar”）workers would usually call themselves middle-class. However, there is a hazy area around unskilled office-work and skilled well-paid manual work which leads to sub-divisions such as “lower middle class”being used; and the term “upper middl e class” might be used to describe doctors and lawyers and so on who have relatively high incomes and high status professions—especially in families with long traditions of such employment. This would differentiate them from the majority of middle-class people today, most of whom have working-class parents orgrandparents. This reflects the huge expansion of the middle class over the twentieth century，and especially since 1945, when more equal social policies were adopted by the government.11.The author discusses British society from the perspective of_____.A. educationB. social classC. employmentD. income levels12.“Class” is important because it____.A.determines an individual’s personalityB.makes a difference to a n individual’s marriageC.makes a difference to the opportunities available to an individualD. gives an individual equal chances for education and employment13.The British would distinguish their social classes mainly by____.A. employmentB. income levelsC. family traditionsD. education backgrounds14.British doctors and lawyers belong to the____.A. upper middle classB. lower middle classC. upper classD. working class15.The middle-class expanded considerably over the twentieth century mainly because____.A. the British earned more money than beforeB. more people received higher education than beforeC.the number of doctors and lawyers increased sharplyD.the British government introduced more equal social policiesPassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.“But I can’t save any money.” It’s an excuse I hear a lot from which I detect a note of defiance. In the past few years, it has become increasingly frequent, as more and more Americans make less than we spend, eating up the savings in our homes. The national savings rate is declining. And the situation seems to be getting worse.We certainly know that saving money is good for us. Yet saving for tomorrow is still a largely ignored and unappreciated skill. The question tha t naturally follows is: Why? Why don’t Americans make saving a priority?To start with, saving today is much harder. The typical household income has held largely steady for a good half decade, while prices have continued to rise. If you’re having to spend a disproportionate amount of income on food and gas,it’s hard to save. Besides, credit became too accessible. For years it was simply too easy to get your hands on money to spend. While banks at one time would not let you spend more than 36 percent of your total income on debt, they stretched that number to 55 percent during the housing boom. Why save when you could get that big flat-screen TV today and pay for it with mortgage debt that was both cheap and deductible? Last but not least, saving is, was, and always will be no fun. Think about it this way: Choosing to save almost always means opting for delayed gratification instead of immediate gratification. Thepleasure of getting something good today is much greater than that in the future—even if the reward in the future is bigger.Recently, neuroeconomists, a relatively new breed of experts in economics and neuroscience，have started using MRIs (核磁共振成像）to view the brain as it is making money choices. When something we want to buy comes into view, they see the pleasure center firing up. Similarly, getting a few dollars today is more thrilling than getting a slightly larger profit tomorrow. And if you have to wait a few months for that gain, it will have to be much bigger in order to arouse the same interest in your brain. Things way off in the future---like retirement—don’t jostle the pleasure center much at all.16.In the author’s eyes，Americans say they can’t save any money because they_____.A. want to win sympathyB. are well prepared for retirementC.will make more money in the futureD.are probably unwilling to be economical17.According to the passage, during the housing boom the banks _____.A. raised the saving interest rateB. issued fewer credit cardsC. made it easier to borrow moneyD. initiated credit risk management18. How many reasons are given in Paragraph 3?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.19. The neuroeconomists' research is cited to prove_____.A.saving will be more thrilling as time goes byB.MRIs help customers make purchase decisionsC.if s a complex process to stimulate the pleasure centerD.immediate gratification is more appealing than delayed gratification20.What suggestion do you think the author is most likely to give in the following paragraphs?A. Saving up money.B. Applying for credit cards.C. Stimulating consumption.D. Studying the pleasure center.II. SPEED READINGSkim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)Passage 5Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Many editors and writers today define flash fiction as a story ranging from a few words to not usually over 1,500 to 2,000 words (but more often less than 1,000 words). A traditional short story ranges from 3,000 to 20,000 words, so flash fiction is considerably shorter. However, while length can help identify flash fiction, it is of little use in actually defining it.The amorphous and variable quality of flash fiction allows for the constant changing of shapes as these stories draw anddevelop from various genres and traditions to create stand-alone stories that often work on their own terms. Countless writers are involved in writing flash fiction in various ways. Many are involved in following the form’s long tradition，and many others are reinventing the form as they continue to experiment with the boundaries and methods of fiction. These shortest of stories are not always diversions for the moment but are often stories that are profound and memorable—as good fiction of longer lengths can be.Charles Baxter notes in the introduction to Sudden Fiction International: 60 Short Short Stories, 'This form is not about to be summarized by anyone's ideas about it. The stories are on so many various thresholds: they are between poetry and fiction, the story and the sketch, prophecy and reminiscence, the personal and the crowd As a form，they are open，and exist in a state of potential.”Some names for flash fiction are chosen to stress brevity, suggesting that such stories can be read or even written in a flash. Other names are chosen to emphasize the way in which the stories affect and enlighten readers. And still other names are chosen for the way in which they cause readers to perform the act of reading, many times forcing them to slow down and read such pieces as slowly and carefully as they would read good poetry.Even though this type of writing travels by several names, flash fiction has become the most popular label, likely because of its snappy poetic consonance, which makes it easy to hold in memory, and because of its distance from the older, less descriptive term “short-shorts”. More and more writers，editors, and readers use “flash fiction”to refer to very short stories.21.Flash fiction usually refers to a story ranging from a few words to____.A.less than 1，000 wordsB. more than 2,000 wordsC.more than 3,000 wordsD. less than 20,000 words22.The form of flash fiction can be best described as____.A.variableB. unifiedC.traditionalD. complete23.How many ways of naming flash fiction are mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.24.Among all the labels referring to very short stories, the most popular one is____.A.short-shortsB. short storyC.flash fictionD. poetic story25.The passage mainly focuses on flash fiction in terms of its____.A.popularityB. namesC.readersD. poetic qualityPassage 6Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when theyare left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. And whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been more pleasant.The second advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid work is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition. In most work success is measured by income, and while the capitalistic society continues, this is inevitable. It is only where the best work is concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural one to apply. The desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for the extra comforts that a higher income can procure (获取). However dull work may be，it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reputation，whether in the world at large or only in one’s own circle. Continuity of purpose is one of the most essential ingredients of happiness in the long run, and for most men this comes chiefly through their work. In this respect those women whose lives are occupied with housework are much less fortunate than men, or than women who work outside the home. The domesticated wife does not receive wages, has no means of bettering herself, is taken for granted by her husband (who sees practically nothing of what she does), and is valued by him not for her housework but for quite other qualities. Of course this does not apply to those women who are sufficiently well-to-do to make beautiful houses and beautiful gardens and become the envy of their neighbors; but such women are comparatively few. For the great majority, housework cannot bring as much satisfaction as work of other kinds brings to men and to professional women.The satisfaction of killing time and of affording some outlet, however modest, for ambition, belongs to most work, and is sufficient to make even a man whose work is dull happier on the average than a man who has no work at all. But when work is interesting, it is capable of giving satisfaction of a far higher order than mere relief from tedium. The kinds of work in which there is some interest may be arranged in a hierarchy.26.For most people, even uninteresting work has the advantage of_____.A.earning a good nameing up extra energyC.cultivating interest in workD.sparing the need of deciding what to do27.In the capitalistic society, income is usually an indication of_____.A. powerB. wisdomC. rightsD. success28.Dull work can be accepted if it_____.A.offers life insuranceB.foresees a chance for promotionC.offers comfortable working environmentD.offers a chance of building up a reputation29.Most housewives are valued by their husbands for_____.A. making houses beautifulB. making gardens beautifulC.other qualities than their houseworkD.their housework rather than other qualitiespared with a man who has no work,a man with a dull job is generally_____.A. happierB. more boredC. less satisfiedD. less pleasant非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
综合英语(一)自考题下册-6
综合英语(一)自考题下册-6(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第一部分选择题{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}Ⅰ.用适当语法形式或词汇填空{{/B}}(总题数：16，分数：16.00)1.He resented ______ the discussion that directly concerned his future.∙ A. to be excluded from∙ B. to exclude from∙ C. being excluded from∙ D. excluding from（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 题干译文：他很气愤自己被排除在那个直接关系他的未来的讨论。
本题考查resent的用法。
resent表示“气愤，怨恨”，后面接动名词形式。
因为是“被排除”，因此还需用exclude的被动形式。
答案为C。
2.Mary's parents ______ to the movies without doing her homework.∙ A. objected to her going∙ B. objected her to go∙ C. were objected to her going∙ D. were objected her to go（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] 题干译文：玛丽的父母反对她不做完作业就去看电影。
本题考查object的用法。
object做不及物动词时，表示“反对，拒绝……”，后面加介词to+动名词形式。
答案为A。
3.She turned down the invitation to the party as she had a(n) ______ at the office with a new client.∙ A. appointment∙ B. arrangement∙ C. assignment∙ D. promise（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] 题干译文：当她在办公室约见一位新客户的时候，她拒绝了聚会的邀请。
(完整版)自考英语二重点讲解复习资料
自考英语二重点讲解复习资料自考英语二复习资料第一章重点单词扩充讲解：1. organizational: a 组织上的由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织； organization: n 组织； organizer: n 组织者请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空：1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing. 2). The task calls for the high est _________ skill. 3). China has joined World Trade __________. 4). He is the _ _________ of the speech contest.Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer 2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的 3. predict: v 预言、预示；由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言； predictable: a 可预测的； predictor: n 预言家 4. simplify: v 简化由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的； simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地； simplification: n 简化； simplified: a 被简化的。
Exercises for the above words:1). The machine is _____ in operation but complex in structure.2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while ___ _ edition is quite easy.3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _______ a question of proced ure. 4). The ______ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor. Answer s: simple; simplified; simply; simplification5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于…， tend to do sth e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter. Or old peop le tend to get fatter. 6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的；由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营； management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者； manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。
自考英语（一）课堂笔记完整版（50）
Unit25（第74讲—第76讲） 本课主要语⾔点 1. American men don't cry because it is considered not characteristic of men to do so. 动词consider的⽤法如下： ① Consider ＋宾语＋宾补 They considered the attack a mistake. （他们认为这次进攻是错误。
） ② Consider ＋宾语＋动词不定式 They considered themselves to be very lucking.（他们认为⾃⼰很幸运。
） ③ Consider ＋宾语＋ as They don't consider it as important.（他们认为那个不重要。
） ④ Consider ＋宾语＋形容词 They consider it wise not to criticize him.（他们认为不批评他是明智的。
） ⑤ Consider ＋宾语 He had no time to consider the matter.（他没有时间考虑这个事情。
） ⑥ Consider ＋V-ing He is considering changing his job.（他在考虑换⼀份⼯作。
） “be considered not characteristic of ……，” consider 在此处的⽤法当归于④。
be characteristic of 意思是 be typical of.如： 1）Carelessness and impatience are characteristic of him.（粗⼼、⽆耐⼼是他的特点。
） 2）Long winter and short spring are characteristic of the climate here.（冬天漫长，春天短暂是这⼉的⽓候特点。
2018年10月自考英语（一）应试复习资料【7-9章】
【导语】当你孤独时，风⼉就是我的歌声，愿它能使你得到⽚刻的安慰；当你骄傲时，⾬点就是我的警钟，愿它能使你获得永恒的谦逊。
以下是⽆忧考为⼤家整理的《2018年10⽉⾃考英语(⼀)应试复习资料【7-9章】》供您查阅。
【篇⼀】 本课简介 技术是否也是⼀把双刃剑，在给⼈们带来帮助的同时也带来了弊端?本课通过卫星通讯的利弊昭⽰⼈们“明智”地运⽤技术才能使我们⾛向成功。
卫星、计算机和电视的三结合改变了⼈们的⽣活。
卫星被⽤来传送电视节⽬、电话和印刷材料;卫星被⽤于远程教育，使边远地区的⼈们通过“空中教室”接受教育;卫星被⽤来帮助⽣活在交通不便的偏僻地区的⼈们;卫星使世界各地的⼈们便捷地获取信息。
然⽽侵犯隐私、使⼈与⼈之间疏于接触交流等弊端也应引起关注。
本课主要语⾔点 1.At the beginning of the twentieth century， there were four powerful means of transmitting and receiving information over long distances：… 本句中的beginning 是⼀个名词，意思是“开始，开端”。
如： means在本句中的意思是“⽅法;⼯具” by all means 尽⼀切办法 live within/beyond one's means 量⼊(不量⼊)为出 a means to an end 达到⽬的的⽅法 by some means or other ⽤某种⽅法 2.By the middle of the century， both radio and television had become established means of transmitting sounds and pictures. 句中所⽤的过去完成时，表⽰过去某时前已经发⽣的动作或情况。
该动作已经完成，或者可能延续下去。
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自考英语(一)复习资料第五章本课主要单词1. fallacy n. 谬误；谬论；错误的推理或信念That the earth is flat used to be a popular fallacy.（地球是扁平的这一谬误曾一度很流行。
）Needless to say， this statement is based on fallacy.（不用说，这是一个基于谬误推理的陈述。
）2. quality n. 质量；品质，特性adj. 优质的，高级的He is a man of many good qualities.（他具有许多优秀品质。
）The quality of your products is superior to that of ours.（你们的产品质量比我们的好。
）You have no reason to deprive me of the right to a quality education.（你没有理由剥夺我受良好教育的权利。
）qualify v. 使合适，使胜任I am not very sure if he is qualified for the job.（我不很肯定他是否胜任这份工作。
）His skills qualify him for the job.（他的技艺使他有资格担任这一工作。
）qualified adj. 有资格的；称职的He is trying hard to make himself a qualified teacher.（他在努力使自己成为一个称职的教师。
）3. savage adj. 野蛮的，未开化的；凶猛的，残酷的n.野蛮人，粗野的人Most of the time elephants are tame but they can be very savage.（大多数时候大象很温顺，但他们也会大发野性。
）No one can put up with his savage manners.（谁也忍受不了他的粗暴态度。
）4. tribe n. 种族，部落；（动植物）族，类This attitude still remains in some primitive tribes.（这种观念在一些原始部落中依然存在。
）5. bravery n. 勇敢，大胆brave adj. 勇敢的 v.冒（危险等）；敢于做（某事）He made a brave attempt to prevent the group fighting.（他勇敢地试图阻止群殴。
）They braved all the dangers and difficulties in completing their work.（他们冒着各种危险和困难完成了任务。
）6. eager adj. 热切的，渴望的be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事be eager for/about sth. 渴求某事eager beaver 做事异常卖力的人；雄心勃勃的人The teacher found all the students were eager to express their opinions.（老师发现所有的学生都渴望表述自己的观点。
）I am eager for the performance to begin.（我热切地等待着演出的开始。
）7. civilized adj. 文明的，开化的civilization n. 文明，文化8. root n. 根；根本，根源；v. （使）生根，（使）扎根She flushed to the root of her hair.（她羞得满脸通红。
）He sat there rooted like a statue.（他像一尊雕塑一样一动不动地坐在那儿。
）9. magic n. 魔法，魔力；魔术magical adj. 有魔力的；神秘的magician n. 魔术师；巫师The prince was turned by magic into a beast.（王子被魔法变成了一只野兽。
）The magic of music is beyond words.（音乐的魅力无法用言语形容。
）He used to believe that the old lady had magical powers.（他曾以为那个老太太有魔力。
（注意：magic也可以做形容词用，词义和magical一样。
但是magic通常只能做定语用，而magical既可做定语用也可做表语用。
）10. poisonous adj. 有毒的poison n. v. 毒药；中毒，毒死；破坏11. overseas adv. 在海外，在国外 adj. 海外的，国外的He said he would travel overseas if he had a long holiday.（他说如果有长假，他就去国外旅游。
）There is a vast overseas market for our goods.（我们的产品有广阔的海外市场。
）12. widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的Pollution problem is now attracting widespread attention.（污染问题正引起广泛关注。
）13. digestive adj. 消化的，有消化力的digest v. 消化；领会digestion n. 消化；领悟indigestible adj. 难理解的；难消化的It will be very helpful for you to digest the important points in the book.（领会这本书中的要点将会对你很有帮助。
）14. foundation n. 根据；基金会；基地The early training gave her a very firm foundation.（早期的训练给她打下了坚实的基础。
）In fact the rumor is without foundation.（事实上，这个谣传没有根据。
）15. belief n. 相信；信念believe v. 相信；认为It is his belief that he will succeed sooner or later.（他相信他迟早会成功。
）What he told me just now is really beyond my belief.（他刚才对我说的话令我难以置信。
）16. combination n. 结合，联合；化合物combine v. 结合，联合The football players showed good combination.（足球队员们配合默契。
）It will do us a lot of good if we can combine theory with practice.（如果把理论和实际结合起来将对我们大有好处。
）17.chiefly adv. 主要地chief n. 首领；长官 adj. 主要的I think this will become the chief concern of the world today.（我认为这将成为当今世界的首要关心的问题。
）the editor in chief 总编the chief engineer 总工程师chief executive 最高行政长官chief justice 首席法官chief of staff 参谋长chief of state 国家元首18. contain v. 包含；容纳；克制This mini-bus can contain 18 passengers.（这辆面包车可乘坐18人。
）How much water can this water tank contain？（这只水箱能装多少水？）He cannot contain himself for the joy.（他高兴得不能自制。
）本课主要构词法affixation 词缀法1.名词后缀 -ity quality2.名词后缀 -ation；-ion； combination， civilization， foundation，digestion3.名词后缀 -ture mixture4.形容词后缀 -ous poisonous5.形容词后缀 -ible indigestible6.形容词后缀 -ful helpful， powerful7.副词前缀 over- overseascompounding 合词法复合形容词 widespread； man-eating；本课简介本课主要介绍了由古至今人们对饮食的看法。
远古时候，人们认为吃什么补什么。
文明社会的人们则一度认为人参的根，鸡蛋，西红柿有各自不同的神奇功用。
今天，人们认为鱼有强身，健脑，壮骨，美肤等作用，还认为饮食方面有诸多禁忌。
如此种种的说法是否有道理，本课课文会给你一个答案。
本课主要语言点1. Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.本句中that 引导的是一个宾语从句。
宾语从句在前几个单元中我们已有了比较多的了解。
掌握宾语从句并不困难。
请看下面的句子：1） He says that friendship is very important to him.（他说友谊对他很重要。
）2） Can you tell me where the bookstore is？（你能告诉我书店在哪儿吗？）3） I dont know whether the letter is overweight.（我不知道这封信是否超重。
）by 后面跟动词的现在分词表示某人做了某件事，并通过这件事产生了某个结果。
请看下面的句子：They made a living by selling newspapers.（他们通过卖报谋生。
）2. They thought that eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer.本句中that同样是引导一个宾语从句。
在宾语从句中，动名词短语eating deer做主语。
make sb. do sth.意思是“使某人做某事”。
make 后面的复合宾语中动词不定式符号to要省去，但是用被动语态时一定要用to，请看下面的句子：1） The boss made them work from morning till night.（老板使他们从早到晚地干活。