英语词汇学课后题原题及答案整理缩印版
现代英语词汇学课后答案
Chapter11.What is the definition of a word?A word may be defined as a fundamental unit of speech and a minimum free form,with a unit of sound and meaning (both lexical and grammatical meaning), capable of performing a given syntactic function.ment on the connection between sound of meaning.There is no logical relationship between sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbitrary and conventional. E.g. “woman” means “Frau”in German, “Femme” in French and “Funv” in Chinese. On the other hand, the same sound /rait/ can mean right, rite and write, though denoting different things, yet have the same sound.3.What is the difference between meaning and concept?A concept is the base of the meaning of a word. A word is used to label a concept.It acts as the symbol for that concept, usually referring to something in general, but not something in particular. When someone says “chair” to you, and you know it because you have the concept of chair in mind which shows the characteristics shared by all the objects you call chair. While the meaning of word referring two aspects: denotation and connotation. Denotation is the process by which the word refers to the referent like a “dog” is “canine quadruped”. And connotation refers to the emotional aspect of a word. In this way, “dog” is “friend, helper” etc.4.Analyze the following lexical groups and state through what languages they cameinto English.cake, knife, crop, egg, ill, husband Danishhonour, court, chivalry, heritage, literature, architecture Frenchcarouse, plunder, zinc dock, quarts, cobalt Germangenius, stratum, inertia, memorandum, formula, area Latinpedestal, cornice, cupola, sonata, fresco, colonnade Italianplaza, mulatto, embargo, armada, galleon, anchovy Spanishsultan, roc, yashmak, ghoul, harem, sheikh Arabicsampan, liche, ketchup, kaolin, loquat, typhoon Chinesesteppe, troika, commissar, intelligentsia, pogrom, czar Russiangeometry, gymnastics, tragedy, philology, prologue, myth GreekChapter21.Explain the following terms:morpheme: The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible or analyzable into small forms. 1: nation; 2: national; 3: nationalize allomorph: an allomorph is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds. e.g. the allomorphs –ion/tion/sion/ation are the positional variants of the same suffix; the inflectional morpheme –s has a number of allomorphs in different sound context like /s/ in books, /z/ in dogs, /iz/ in horses bound morpheme:The morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They are bound to other morphemes to form words. They are usually found in derived words.e.g. recollection (re+collect+ion), collect is free morpheme and re- and –ion arebound morphemesfree morpheme: the morphemes have complete meaning and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. e.g. cat, walktransparent words: words that consist of more than one morphemes and can be segmented into parts are called transparent words. e.g. workable (work-able), salesman (sales+man)opaque words: words that are formed by one content morpheme only and cannpt be analyzed into parts are called opaque words. e.g. glove, hand2.Explain the meanings of the prefixes in the following wordsa stir, -- in motion; in excited activitya whir, -- whirring(a-acting as a role of participle as a predictive)anti-Marketeer, -- an opponent of Great Britain’s entry into the European Common Marketanti-theatre, -- the theatre that lacks most of the traditional features of the theatre (oppose to something or an action/have no features of traditional things)de plane, -- get out of an airplane after it landsde nationalize, -- deprive…of national rights or status(de- to remove/to leave)dis ambiguate, -- rid… of ambiguitydis adapt, -- make … unable to adapt(dis- remove/on the contrary of something)eco cide, -- the destruction of the earth’s ecology through the uncontrolled use of pollutantseco catastrophe, -- a catastrophe resulting from the uncontrolled use of pollutants (eco- something or action related to ecology)meg ajet, -- a jet airplane larger and faster than a jumbo jet (a jet airplane with a passenger capacity of about 500 people and a freight capacity of about 200 tons) (meg- large, great)mini-budget, -- temporary budget(mini- miniature or minor)non-committed, -- not revealing one’s positionnon novel, -- lacking the usual characteristics of a conventional novel(non-not/lack of convention/sham)out smart, -- overcome by cunning or smartnessout headline, -- outshine…by making the headlines(out- outside/outward/better, greater, more than)super secret, -- top-secretsuper tax – an additional tax(super- above, over, beyond)3.Explain the meanngs of the suffixes in the following wordscine rama, -- a form of cinema film projected on a wide-curved screencircus ama, -- a large-scale show of acrobats, trained animal, clowns(-rama/ama – panorama/large-scale)merito crat – a member of a ruling class in society consisting of those who are most talented or have the highest intellectEuro crat– a staff member of the administrative commission of the European Common Market(-crat – participant/supporter)interview ee – a person who is interviewedconfer ee – a person who participates in a conferenceescap ee – a person who has escapedblackmail ee – a person who is blackmailed(-ee – initiator/the recipient of an action)racket eer – a person who obtains money illegallyrocket eer – an expert in roketrymarket eer – a person employed in marketing(-eer – one who operates, deals with something)second-guess er – a person who uses hindsight in criticizing or advising someone topsid er – a top-ranking person(-er – a person related to something/some action)anchorman ese – a style of language or diction used by an anchormanengineer ese – the sublanguage used by engineers and techniciansJohnson ese – a style of language used by Johnsoncabl ese -- a style of language peculiar to a telegram(-ese – belonging to/originating in)smok eteria – a cigarette, cigar and pipe storeroad ete r ia – roadside restaurant(-eteria – low-end/manage on a small scale)Chomsk ian – Chomsky’sWoolf ian – a style of language used by Virginia Woolf(-ian – belonging to/relating to; typical of/resembling)hawk ish -- warlikenarrow ish – somewhat narrow(-ish – like/relating to)consumer ism– an economic policy that emphasizes consumption, the theory or practice of protecting consumer’s interestsnuclear ism – emphasis on nuclear weapons as a deterrent to war or as a means of attaining political and social goals(-ism means doctrine or point of view)golf itis – addiction to or preoccupation with golfprofessor itis – obsession with the idea of becoming a professor(-itis – excessively obsessed with something)beat nik – one of the Beat Generationprotest nik – a person who protests against conventions and traditional values(-nik means a person who does or is connected with something)dope ster – a person who analyses or predicts trends as in politics or sportshuck ster – a person who is engaged in advertising, esp. for radio and television (-ster – a person who…)figure wise – in terms of figuresweather wise – in terms of weather, skilled in predicting weather(-wise – in terms of)4.make a semantic analysis of the relationship between noun attributes and the wordsthey qualifyanxiety neurosis—neurosis caused by anxietysoap suds—suds produced by soapmosquito net—net used for protection against mosquitoesfire squad—squad which prevents the spread of a firefertility site—site which induces fertilityinfluenza virus—virus which causes influenzabattle fatigue—fatigue caused by a battlebrick mason—a person who lays brick or stoneguest conductor—conductor who appears or performs on a program by special invitationinterceptor plane—a fast-climbing military airplane used in fighting off attacks by enemy planesejector seat—a seat designed to be ejected with its occupant from an airplane in an emergency, another expression for ejection seatdonor blood—donor’s bloodvoter enthusiasm—voters’ enthusiasmsurface vessel—vessel which moves on the surfacerecovery helicopter—helicopter used for getting back astronauts who have splashed downinvestment money—money set apart for investmentrejection slip—a form or note from a publisher, rejecting a work submitted for possible publicationexport reject—something that has been rejected by export standards5.paraphrase the underlined words in the following sentences1)Italian newspapers attack earthquake relief organization.=organization of relief work2)Britain is helping with a feasibility study for rice growing.=a study to determine the feasibility of a project or program3)Eight men were accused of gifts conspiracy.=the act of working together secretly to use gifts as bribes4)If the journals are not approved, the distribution of all future issues will be heldup for inspection by the smut hounds.=censors with eyes for porns6.Explain the term “conversion”. Pick out examples of conversion in the sentencesbelow to illustrate your explanation.Conversion: Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. These words are new only in a grammatical sense. The most productive is between nouns and verbs.1)So she believed me and doctored my battered face, pleased that she could beuseful.=applied medicine to2)The train was telescoped as a result of the collision=became shorter by crushing with one part sliding over another3)We cannot mandate a solution to inflation.=work out a solution by issuing an authoritative order4) A team of experts at Columbia is now cataloguing the tapes and indexing thetranscripts, which will be available for scholarly research.=making a catalogue of=making and index of5)There will be a repeat of this programme next week.=a rebroadcast6)Heart transplants began ten years ago. Why have British doctors done only foursince then?=instances of transplanting7)In his choice of diction he has a taste for the quaint and the picturesque.=something quaint=something picturesque8)The correspondent tried to get an interview with the condemned.=the person who has been convicted9)…he preferred moderns like Miro and Klee.=modern painters10)John has taken on some heavies before.=big shots11)The television drearies the ball game.=makes dreary12)The President was sketchiest in broad-brushing his goals in foreign policy.=describing in broad outlinement on the formation of the words given belowback formation—a process of word-formation by which a word is created by the deletion of a supposed affix. It is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.donate←donation; helicopt←helicopter; automate←automation;spring-clean←spring-cleaning; pettifog←pettifogger; sight-read←sight-reading;enthuse←enthusiasm; chain-react←chain reaction8.Explain the formation of the following blends and translate them into Chineseblending—the word formation by combing parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.slurb: slum+suburb 城郊贫民区educrat: education+bureaucrat 教育机构的官员或代表Airveyor: air+conveyor 气压输送器Glideriter: glide+writer 滑写笔programmatic: program+automatic 能自动安排程序和计划的narcoma: narcotic+coma 用麻醉剂引起的昏睡slumlord: slum+landlord 贫民区房地产主slurch: slink+lurch 鬼鬼祟祟地徘徊reprography: reproduction+photography 原稿影印本mascon: mass+concentration 质量密集，指月球表面下层高密度物质的集中glassphalt: glass+asphalt 作铺路用的玻璃颗粒物peekture: peek+picture 色情影片9.Write out in full the following shortened wordsEEC=European Economic CommunityOPEC=Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesSLAM=supersonic low altitude missile; strategic low altitude mssileEDV AC=electronic discrete variable automatic computerGEM=ground effect machineNSC=National Security CouncilERDA=Energy Research and Development Administrationdyno=dynamic; aggro=aggressiveness; chute=parachute; pro=professional;memo=memorandum; fridge=refrigerator; narc=narcotic agent or detective;frag: fragmentation grenade; frat=fraternity10.Pick out all the shortenings from the following sentences and explain them inChinese1)Several super chains have the same headache problems. (supermarket 超级市场)2)Overall, I think the Feds have done a good job. (Federal Agencies 美国各联邦机构)3)The announcement that Vance was going to State was greeted with delight bysenior officials in the department. (the State Department 美国国务院)4)They resisted Defense contracts. (the Defense Department 美国国防部)5)It is the current Administration that has brought Ervin into full bloom as aliberation leader on the Hill. (Capitol Hill 美国国会)6)“All the resorts are controlled from Washington. The Penta—You know,” hewhispered. (the Pentagon 美国五角大楼，指美国国防部的办公大楼，泛指美国国防部)Chapter31.What does onomatopoeic motivation mean? Does it contradict the statement thatthere is no natural connection between sound and meaning?Onomatopoeic motivation means defining the principle of motivation by sound.Facts have proved this argument to be valid. Words that convey the same meaning have different phonological forms in different languages – (for example, English meat / mi:t /,Chinese ròu. Alternatively, the same phonological forms may convey different meanings - for example, sight, site, cite.)2.Give the words denoting sounds produced by the animals enumerated below:the ape gibber; the ass bray; the snake hiss; the horse neigh/snort; the duck quack;the pig squeal/grunt; the raven croak; the lark warble; the hound ; the lamb bleat;the mouse squeak; the dove coo; the cricket; the wolf; the puppy yelp; the thrush whistle; the tiger roar; the bull bellow; the eagle scream; the elephant; the fly buzz;the monkey; the kitten mew/purr; the frog croak; the owl hoot/screech; the ox3.What does semantic motivation mean?Semantic motivation means that motivation is based on semantic factors4.Give examples to show the difference between synecdoche and metonymy.Synecdoche means using a part for a whole an individual for a class, a material fora thing or the reverse of any of these. e.g. bread for food; Beijing for ChinaMetonymy is the device in which we name soothing by one of its attributes. e.g.crown for king; white house for the president.ment on the formation of the following italicized words by analogy:daymare←nightmare; off-the-job←on the job; Big Government←Big Brother;brawn drain (the emigration of laborers, athletes, etc. to countries that offer better jobs or opportunities)←brain drain (the emigration of scientists, scholars, etc. to countries that offer better jobs or opportunities); earthrise (a view of the earth from the moon or from a spacecraft orbiting about the moon, in which the earth seems tobe rising above the moon’s horizon) ←sunrise; Planetokhod (a vehicle designed by Soviet scientists for scientific exploration of the Planets), and Marokhod (a vehicle designed by Soviet scientists for scientific exploration on Mars) ←Lunokhod (a vehicle designed by Soviet scientists for scientific exploration on the lunar surface);daylighting←moonlighting; workaholic←alcoholic; out of a home, out of a society←out of a job; without-it←with-it (fashionably up-to-date)6.Match the scrambled clues with the names or terms given in the left-hand column.They are grouped by tens.Ishmael: outcast driven into the wildernessCirce: enchantress who turned Odysseus’men into swineAdonis: the beau ideal of masculine beauty (yes, beauty)Don Juan: No. I wolf in literature.Mrs. Grundy: self-appointed female policer of conventional proprieties, what Will Hays was to Hollywood.Munchausen: fertile, resourceful and ingenious liar on the grand scale.Thersites: champion grumbler and seditionist in the Greek camp before Troy.Tartuffe: worldly pseudo-pious hypocrite, supposedly satirizing JesuitsBumble: fussy, pompous, self-important small time dignitaryShylock: wanted his pound of flesh as penalty interest on loanPolonius: long-winded self-appointed Nestor, full of wise sawsBobadil: thrasonical soldier, captain or betterRodomontade: loud-mouthed ranting, from the speech habits of an Ariosto characterBraggadocio: fancy boasting, named from a character in the Faerie QueeneBabbitt: jovial Rotarian, apostle of business cultureFrankenstein: Doctor of that name who brought his robot monster to life (no the monster)Pecksniff: unctuous hypocrite, prating of benevolence; won’t give more than a quarterNestor: the wisest old Greek councilor at Troy; silver tonguedSinbad: the most famous sailor before PopeyeAli Baba: buddy of the forty thievesLothario: No.2 wolf in literatureChapter41.What is meant by binary analysis?It means componential analysis of a word attempting as far as possible to treat components in terms of binary opposites. e.g. between [Female] and [Male], [Animate] and [Inanimate] etc.2. a. Characterize the following lexical items, using the three binary semantic features:[+-Male], [+-Adult], [+-Human]man, [+Male], [+Adult], [+Human]woman, [-Male], [+Adult], [+Human]boy, [+Male], [-Adult], [+Human]girl, [-Male], [-Adult], [+Human]bullock, [+Male], [-Adult], [-Human]cow [-Male], [+Adult], [-Human]b. Characterize the following lexical items, using the six binary semantic features:[+-Animate], [+-Live], [+-Concrete], [+-Vegetative], [+-Trunked], [+-Leafed]tree, [-Animate], [+Live], [+Concrete], [+Vegetative], [+Trunked],pine, [-Animate], [+Live], [+Concrete], [+Vegetative], [+Trunked], [-Leafed]plant [-Animate], [+Live], [+Concrete], [+Vegetative], [+Trunked],3.Give examples to show the distinction between verbs in dynamic use and stativeuse.1)Dynamic verbs can appear in imperative sentences but stative ones cannot.Kick the ball!Persuade him to leave!X Own the house.X Resemble your father.2)Dynamic verbs may take the so-called progressive aspect but stative ones cannot.The girl is kicking the ball.The girl is persuading him to leave.X The patron is owning the house.X The girl is resembling her father.3)Dynamic verbs can appear in a number of embedded sentences in which stativeones cannot.I told the girl to kick the ball.I told the girl to persuade him to leave.X I told the girl to own the house.X I told the girl to resemble her father.Chapter 51.How have the following words become specialized in meaning?dialectics: argumentative reasoning by question and answer→Marxist theory based on the principle that an idea or an event is a unity of oppositesfable: any tale→a story made up to teach a lessonmyth: any kind of story→usually referring to one dealing with a god or semi-divine being in one of the mythologies of the world.stink: any odor→an unpleasant smellpraise: meant “set a value on something good or bad” →applies to something good predicament: any situation→a difficult situationhound: any dog→usually a hunting dogfruit: a product or something enjoyed→the ripened reproductive body of a seed planthangar: a shed→a shelter for aircraftgarage: any safe place→a building for housing carsvoyage: a trip or journey→a journey by sea or waterhospital: a place for shelter or entertainment of travellers→a health facility where patients receive treatmentteam: family or offspring→a cooperative unitarsenal: a house of industry→a building where arms are made or stored2.Trace the process of generalization of meaning of the words given below:scene: tent or covered place→the visual percept of a regionjournal: daily or a village law → any periodical publicationinoculate: “furnish with eyes or buds as in grafting” → graftingeconomy: “household management” →influence: “a flowing in” of some powerful substance form the stars to menpicture: something paintedvaccinate: “cows” → applies to any substance for preventive inoculationlayman: not a member of the clergy → a person who does not belong to a particular professionlarder: a storehouse for baconbribery: scraps 残羹剩饭, leavings 剩余物, lumps of bread given to beggars3.Analyze the process of radiation of the polysemic word “action”For a lawyer, “action” will naturally mean “legal action”; for the soldier it will meana military operation, without any need for a qualifying epithet4.How have the following words become degraded in meaning?villain: a man who worked on a farm →a wicked or evil personclown: a peasant or farmer →a person who amuses others by ridiculous behavior wench: a country girl →a girl or young woman who worked as a servant or served people food or drink.caitiff: a variant captive →cowardly and despicable personsilly: happy → foolishcunning: learned →marked by skill in deceptioncounterfeit: to imitate/copy → to make a imitation of money, pictures, etc. in order to deceivelust: pleasure → a strong sexual desirelewd: not a member of the clergy → referring to sex in a rude and offensive way illicit: unallowed →contrary to or forbidden by law5.Describe the process of elevation of meaning of the following words:steward: the keeper or warden of the sty → one who manages or administers an establishmentmarshall: groom or horse-servant → a title of honorjanitor: a porter of door-keeper → a person whose job is to take care of a building.cathedral: seat → designate the seat or throne of a bishopshrewd: w icked/malicious → clever at understanding an making judgements abouta situationkeen: sharp/cutting → clevershrine: a box → a place where people come to worship because it is connected toa holy person or eventboudoir: a place to pout or sulk in →a lady's bedroom or private sitting roomdean: a leader of ten →a man who is the senior member of a groupnice: ignorant →pleasant or pleasing in nature or appearancebutler: bottle-servant →a manservant (usually the head servant of a household) who has charge of wines and the table6.What is meant by transference of meaning? Explain the meanings of the italicizedwords in the following sentences:1)To Kate, calculating and cold, the most important thing was power.shrewd or cunning, esp. in a selfish way2)They treated the captives with calculated cruelty.deliberately planned or intended3)The music was inspiring.arousing a feeling of power to do good4)He gave an inspired performance of the piano concerto.creative; outstanding5)His lecture was informative and stimulating.instructive; educational6)The success of English teaching depends on a teacher’s informed choice ofmethodology.intelligent (informed choice meaning the choice based on possession of much knowledge)Chapter61.expand: amplify (放大声音等); magnify (放大；扩大，【显微镜】); inflate (价格飞涨；通货膨胀); dilate (使膨胀My pupil dilated when you turn off the light.);distend (使膨胀His face has distended after being bitten by a mosquito.)contract (收缩，收减): compress (压缩The bags are much smaller after being compressed.); condense (压缩，精炼We condense all kinds of herbs into pill form.); deflate (放气，使缩小After a few days, the balloon deflates.); constrict (约束，妨碍The rope constricts her movement.); diminish (减少，降低This is terrible! Our profits are still diminishing. Why!)2.go forward: advance, progress, proceedgo backward: re cede, re treat, re tirego in: invade, penetrate, intrudego out: emerge, issue, discharge3.buoyancy,浮力elasticity, The elasticity of a material or substance is its ability to return to its original shape, size, and condition after it has been stretched. 弹性(物理)flexibility: easily bent or shaped, the quality of being adaptable or variablee.g. I was amazed at the elasticity of his little steel trout rod鳟鱼竿.We may capsize倾覆(特指船) but will not sink because the tanks under the seats provide plenty of buoyancy.4.duplicate 复制，使加倍impersonate 扮演，模仿e.g. He intended to steal a uniform and impersonate the local policeman.There is so much traffic that they will have to duplicate the railway line.5.crevasse (a large, deep crack in thick ice or rock); crevice (a narrow crack or gap,especially in a rock)incredible, incredulous怀疑的；不轻信的respectively, respectfullystationary固定的；静止的, stationery文具；信纸e.g. All the stationery we need for our work is supplied by the schoolYou should remember that the building is a war memorial and speak more respectfully.The car was stationary when it was struck by the railway engine.The explorer found himself suspended at the end of a rope far down in a crevasse.A pavilion and a swimming pool are to be built at the girls’ and boys’ schoolsrespectively.The number of careless drivers we saw was incredible.I have dropped some money into a crevice between these paving stones.They boy’s mother was incredulous when we told her of the success.6.Give some examples to distinguish between three different types of antonyms:contraries相对性反义词: wide—narrow, old—young, big—smallcomplementaries互补反义词: dead—alive, boy—girl, brother—sisterconversives换位反义词buy—sell, borrow—lend, give—receive7.antonyms:discrete离散的—grouped; dour阴沉的，严厉的，顽强的，不爱讲话的—gay, vilify诽谤，轻视—sing the praises of, polemic 好争论的—apologetic,concise简洁的—wordy, adroit—awkward, fortuitous偶然的意外的—designed, cogent强有力的—unconvincing, assuage平息；缓和；减轻—aggravate,recondite深奥的；隐藏的；默默无闻的—obviousjoyous—melancholy, tranquility宁静，平静—tumult骚动,disciple门徒，信徒—renegade叛徒, cajole—antagonize使敌对（protagonist主角）tenuous纤细的；稀薄的；贫乏的—stoutChapter71.What is the difference between syntagmatic association and paradigmaticassociation?Words association can be handled in terms of syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations between words. Sets of elements which can be substituted one for another in a given context are said to be in paradigmatic relationship; elements which combine to form a larger unit are said to be in syntagmatic relationship.Take the following two sentences as an example to illustrate it:The cat is on the mat.The dog is on the mat.If we consider “The cat is on the mat”, we could talk of a syntagmatic relationbetween cat and mat; but if we compare this with “The dog is on the mat” we havea paradigmatic relation between cat and dog.2.What is meant by “mutual expectancy of words”?“mutual expectancy of words” is a expression proposed by Firth referring to co-occurrence which means the permitted syntagmatic combination of words. For instance, “ass” usually co-occur with the adjectives like “silly, stupid, awful” etc.as “You silly ass.”Chapter81.set in来了，到来A soft sea breeze set in at midnight.see through识破，看穿He is wise enough to see through all these fine pretensions.set aside留出；驳回，撤销；不顾He set aside all objections and granted (同意允许) my request.run out用完耗尽The land is cropped and not manured (施肥), it will run out.hold over 延期；以…威胁The judge said he would hold over your case until the next sitting of the court.hold up: remains stable, doesn't get worse, stays the sameIf the weather holds up, I suggest we go out on a picnic.fall through落空，失败As neither of us would give in, the bargain fell through.run away with轻易获得；偷走；同……私奔He lets his feelings run away with his judgement.put in for申请He meant to put in for a share of the profits.pull down摧毁，推翻，使下跌One is not sorry to see the proud pulled down.draw back拉开；收回；退却；使保持距离He will draw back from what he has promised. 他将不履行诺言。
(完整word版)英语词汇学试题汇编
英语词汇学试题汇编Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Words and Vocabulary1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.B. Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.C. Loan words are all unrecognizable as being foreign in origin.D. Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.2. The term "vocabulary "is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that_____.A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in a given dialect or field3. A word is a symbol that________.A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD. shows different ideas in different sounds4. Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because theyA. are complex words.B. are technical wordC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.5. The basic word stock forms the common____of the language.6. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or____.7．Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but havelimited_____________概念：jargonChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary1. __is considered to be a highly-inflected language.A Old English B. Middle EnglishC. Early Modem EnglishD. Late Modem English2. The introduction of______ at the end of the'-6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. printing, B Christianity C. French words D. all the above3. Though still at work today, ___can hardly compare with what it was in the past.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. derivationD. conversion4. Early Modern English refers to the language spokenA. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 18005. Old English has a vocabulary of about_______words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,0006. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of___in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin概念：Germanic，Old English简答：Is it true that archaic and obsolete words in English will remain for ever out of use?Chapter 3 Word Formation I1. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be----- .A. affixationalB. derivationalC. freeD. bound2. Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as____A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes3. ______are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. Affixes D, Compounds4. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and____5. Almost all affixes are_____________ morphemes because few can be used as independent words.概念：morphs，allomorph，morpheme简答：1。
英语词汇学练习参考答案
词汇学练习参考答案I. Some of the following statements are true, and others are false. Mark your answer by writing T or F in the bracket at the end of each sentences.1. T2. F3. F4. T5. F6. F7. T8. T9. F 10. F 11. T 12. F 13. T 14. F15. T 16. T 17. T 18. T 19. F 20. F 21. F 22. F 23. T 24. F 25. F 26. T27. T 28. F 29. F 30. F 31. T 32. F 33. F 34. T 35.T 36. F 37. F 38. F 39. F40. T 41. F 42. T 43. F 44. T 45. F 46. F 47. T 48. T 49. F 50. T 51. T 52. F53. F 54. T 55. F 56. T 57. T 58. F 59. F 60. T 61. T 62. T 63. F 64. T 65. T66. F 67. T 68. F 69. T 70. T 71. F 72. F 73. T 74. T 75. F 76. T 77. T 78. F79. T 80. F 81. T 82. T 83. T 84. F 85. T 86. T 87. T 88. F 89. T 90. F 91. T92. F 93. F 94. T 95. F 96. T 97. T 98. T 99. F 100. F 101. T 102. T 103. T104. T 105. F 106. T 107. T 108. T 109. F 110. F 111. F 112. T 113. T 114. T115. F 116. F 117. T 118. T 119. F 120. F 121. T 122. F 123. F 124. F 125. T126. F 127. FII. The following are multiple-choice questions. Mark your answer by circling A, B, C, or D which best completes the sentence.1. C2. B3. A4. B5. D6. B7. D8. B9. B 10. D 11. A 12. D 13. A 14. A15. B 16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. D 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. A27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. B39. B 40. B 41. B 42. C 43. B 44. C 45. C 46. B 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. D51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. A 56. B 57. B 58. C 59. A 60. D 61. D 62. A63. D 64. C 65. B 66. A 67. A 68. D 69. C 70. D 71. D 72. D 73. A 74. D75. D 76. A 77. C 78. A 79. D 80. D 81. B 82. D 83. D 84. D 85. B 86. A87. B 88. C 89. C 90. A 91. B 92. C 93. B 94. A 95. C 96. D 97. D 98. B199. B 110. C 101. A 102. A 103. B 104. B 105. C 106. C 107. DIII. 连线题Section A1. J2. A3. B4. H5. E6. D7. F8. I9. G 10. CSection B1. G2. E3. H4. F5. I6. C7. B8. J9. A 10. DSection C1. D2. B3. E4. G5. A6. C7. F8. I9. J 10. HIV. 填空题Section A1. aliens2. intrinsic3. Denizens4. common5. stable6. Conversion7. polysemy8. compounding9. pejorative 10. Reference 11. arbitrary12. imperfect 13. reversative 14. French 15. lexical 16. extension/generalization 17. 1500Section B18. mositure 19. rigid 20. deserted 21. innocent 22. old-fshioned 23. loosen 24. completely 25. similarity 26. indifferent 27. fruitful 28. special 29. essential 30. depressed/sadV. Complete the following sentences by choosing phrases from the list and using them intheir proper forms.Section A31. stood out against 32. approve of 33. get over with 34. looking into35. come up with 36. comply with 37. cashed in on 38. go without39. will profit by/from 40. put down toSection B41. close 42. cold 43. narrow 44. cardinal 45. burning 46. capital47. circumstantial 48. cool 49. double-minded 50. fair 51. green-eyed52. happy 53. hollow 54. open-ended 55. random 56. roundVI.1. b2. i3. c4. f5. a6. h7. e8. d9. g 10. j 11. r 12. p 13.s 14. k 15. o 16. m 17. l 18. n 19. qIX分析题（问题）1. As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly homophones, they are often employed to create puns for desired effect of, say, humor, sarcasm or ridicule. Consider the following conversation that takes place between a waitress and a customer in a restaurant: “You are not eating the fish,”the waitress said to him, “Anything wrong with it?”“Long time no sea,”the man replied.：Long time no see is usually said as a form of greeting between two friends when they meet 答案after a long time of separation. Here the customer cleverly employed the structure of the idiom to2his advantage to criticize in a humorous way the bad quality of the food served at the restaurant.Long time no sea implies that the “sea food kept for a long time is not fit for eating.”（问题）2. Collocation can affect the meaning of words答案：Collocation refers to the words before or after the word in discussion, and collocative meaning consists of the associations the word acquires in its collocation. Words with the same conceptual meaning may have different meanings due to the range of words they may collocate with. In other words, collocation can affect the meanings of words. For example, “pretty”and “handsome”share the conceptual meaning of “good looking”, but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty girl (boy/woman/flower) and handsome man (car/airline, etc.).（问题）3. The “pen”is mightier than the “sword”.Explain what “pen”and “sword”mean respectively using the theory of motivation.答案：(1). Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. (2). Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word. (3). In this sentence, “pen”reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; “sword”reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.（问题）4. Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.答案：(1).Connotative meaning, known as connotation, refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. (2). Connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary,but associated with the word in actual context to particular readers or speakers. Thus they are unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period and the experience of the individual. (3). For example, the word “home”may remind one child of warmth, safety or love, while to another child who is often scolded or beaten at home, it may mean indifference, hatred, or even hell.（问题）5. Grammatical meaning, lexical meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, connotative meaning, collocative meaning, conceptual meaning, associative meaning, denotative meaning, formal, neutral, informal, appreciative, pejorative答案：Meaning—grammatical meaning—lexical meaning—conceptual meaning(denotative meaning)—associative meaning—connotative meaning—collocative meaning—stylistic meaning(formal, neutral, informal)—affective meaning(appreciative, pejorative)（问题）6. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.recollection, nationalist, unearthly3答案：(1). Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collection), nationalist (nation+al+ist), unearthly (un+earth+ly).(2). Of the nine morphemes, only “collect”, “nation”and “earth”are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.(3) All the rest re-, -ion, -al, -ist, un- and-ly are bound as none of them can stand alone aswords.（问题）7. Analyze and comment on the following.He has been sick since this fall.Tell what “sick”and “fall”mean respectively and explain why they take on those meanings in modern American English.答案：(1). ”sick”means “ill”and “fall”means “autumn”in present American English;(2). These words no longer have such meanings in presnet British English;(3). American English has revived the old meaning of “sick”and that of “fall”. This is the revival of archaic or obsolete words.（问题）8. Find blends from the following sentence and give the explanation of which types of blendings they belong to respectively.“There is a set of hi-fi in the motel. ”答案：(1). Blends: hi+fi=high+fidelity, motel=motor+hotel;(2). hi+fi: head+head, motel: head+tail.（问题）9. Explain the rhetoric use of homonyms in B's speech. Give the two possible Chinese translations.A. “What color would you paint the sun and the wind?”B. “The sun rose and the wind blue.”答案：(1). Rose can be defined in two ways: color of rose and the past form of the verb rise.(2). Blue in two ways too: the color blue and the past form of the verb blow (in pronunciation).a). 粉红的太阳，蓝色的风。
(完整word版)英语词汇学试题
英语词汇学试题I.Write the terms in the blanks according to the definitions. (20 points)1. a minimal meaningful unit of a language ( )2. one of the variants that realize a morpheme ( )3. a morpheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme ( )4. a morpheme that can stand alone ( )5. a morpheme attached to a stem alone ( )6. an affix that indicates grammatical relations ( )7. an affix that forms new words with a stem or root ( )8. what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes ( )9. a form to which affixes of any kind can be added ( )10. the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words ( ) II.Form negatives pf each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non-, un-. (40 points)smoker capable practical obeysecurity relevant mature abilityofficially willingness legal agreementlogical loyal convenient athleicmoral regular honest likeIII.D ecide whether the following statements are true or false. (20 points)1.English is more closely related to German than French.2.Old English was a highly inflected language.3.Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but withlittle change in word endings.4.Conversions refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.5.Words mainly involved in conversation are nouns, verbs, and adverbs.6.Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.7.Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable andindeterminate.8.Perfect homonyms share the same spelling and pronounciation.9.Contradictory terms do not show degrees.10.Antonyms should be opposites of similar intensity.IV. Study the sentences below and give and antonyms to the word in bold type in each context. (20 points)1.The discussion enabled them to have a clear idea of the nature of the problem.2.They are faced with clear al ternatives.3.His grandfather’s mind was not clear during the time he made the will.4.I’d like to get a clear plastic bag to carry this.5.Wash the substances with clear cold water.6.The singer’s voice remained pure and clear throughout the evening.7.All colors were clear, the river below her was brilliant blue.8.Her eyes behind the huge spectacles are clear a nd untroubled.9.Now that I’ve told her everything, I can leave with a clear c onscience.10.He is a shortish man of clear complexion.参考答案英语词汇学I.1.morpheme 2. allomorph 3. bound morpheme 4. free morpheme 5. affix6. inflectional affix7. derivational affix8. root9. stem 10. etymologyII. nonsmoker, incapable, impractical, discovery, insecurity, irrelevant, immature, inability/disability, unofficially, unwillingness, illegal, disagreement, illogical, disloyal, inconvenient, nonathletic, immoral, irregular, dishonest, dislikeIII.1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.T 9.T 10.TIV.1. confusing 2. ambiguous 3. muddled 4. opaque 5. dirty6. harsh7. dull8. shifty9. guilty 10. blemished。
新职业英语2通用版课后答案缩印版
chance to explain. 4. 我们正要前往机场时史
readers everywhere. 8.新闻节目是通过卫星传送到 我们这里来的。
帮忙准备明天的会议。
The news program camer work to help via satellite. satellite.
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英语词汇题库整理答案
大学英语（全新版）词汇练习B4-1Back Next1. The future of the company will be very _____ if they can’t devise new models of products.A) bleakB) chillyC) drearyD) prosperous2. _____data have been collected for the building of the project.A) EffectiveB) SufficientC) EfficientD) Affective3. The talks with the laborers got _____ down on the question of the pay rise.A) boggedB) draggedC) engagedD) occupied4. The old man became bored for lack of _____.A) professionB) occupationC) positionD) career5. The endless appearances and shaking of hands are an evitable part of an election _____.A) battleB) thrustC) siegeD) campaign6. After a three-day _____ by the policemen, the terrorists who had seized the restaurant had to give in. A) siegeB) assaultC) attackD) offence7. We have just installed a fan to _____ cooking smalls from the kitchen.A) ejectB) excludeC) expelD) exile8. Mutual respect for territorial ____ is the base upon which two countries develop relationships.A) unityB) unificationC) entiretyD) integrity9. All the commodities sold in that shop are given one year’s _____.A) assuranceB) pledgeC) guaranteeD) insurance 10. Computers can provide information which allows businessmen to _____ their list of goods, by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving.A) keep track ofB) keep pace withC) keep in touch withD) keep company with11. As far as the administrative power is concerned, Cana da’s Prime Minister is the _____ of the U.S. President.A) counterattackB) countermeasureC) counterbalanceD) counterpart12. We have planned an exciting publicity ______ with our advertisers.A) struggleB) campaignC) battleD) conflict13. We should concentrate on sharply reducing interest rates to pull the economy out of _____.A) rejectionB) retreatC) restrictionD) recession14. The defeated army had to _____ hastily from the field of battle to the coast.A) advanceB) marchC) retreatD) surrender15. The success of this exam is _____ to my graduation.A) crucialB) extremeC) cruelD) crude16. When we fit in a form, we will usually write down our names, addresses and _____.A) jobsB) worksC) occupationsD) employment17. This new machine is more _____ than the old one.A) effectiveB) efficientC) influentialD) affective18. Napoleon was sent into _____ and then died.A) abolishmentB) deportationC) transportationD) exile19. You have _____ me a great service.A) renderedB) reckonedC) strokeD) instructed20. Improved consumer confidence is _____ to an economic recovery.A) criticalB) crucialC) elementaryD) fundamental21. The accident was caused _____ the carelessness of the driver.A) in case ofB) in the case ofC) thanks toD) on account of22. He went to Australia, hoping to finda teaching _____ without much difficulty.A) workB) occupationC) employmentD) post23. The enemy finally had to _____ their troops from the occupied area.A) retreatB) dismissC) withdrawD) return24. Hong Kong Special Administrative _____ was established on July 1, 1997.A) AreaB) DistrictC) RegionD) Neighborhood25. The manager decided to hire a more _____ secretary.A) effectiveB) efficientC) respectfulD) sufficient26. Because of bad weather the plane was _____ for half an hour.A) cancelledB) delayedC) postponedD) suspended27. Do you know which country has _____ the largest number of man-made satellites into space?A) pursuedB) shotC) projectedD) launched28. I want to hear what the piano sounds like, just _____ I am asked to sing this afternoon.A) in caseB) in case ofC) in timeD) in order that29. When the man handed the boy a coin, he _____ it and ran.A) capturedB) jerkedC) siegeD) grabbed30. _____ fish is one of favorite foods that many Japanese appreciate.A) RawB) CrudeC) RoughD) Original31. To _____ the law, a special organization is set up to make sure that it is carried out effectively.A) enhanceB) enforceC) enlargeD) enrich32. The environment is an important factor to be _____ with when you make the investment.A) figuredB) consideredC) regardedD) reckoned33. She spent her life in the _____ for women’s rights.A) warB) campaignC) battleD) fight34. To most people, common sense means the ability to _____ sound, practical judgments on everyday affair.A) launchB) offendC) renderD) instruct35. Much _____ the surprise of everybody, the ragged old man took out a bag of gold.A) inB) withC) toD) by36. It is rather _____ outside, so dress warmly or you’ll be frozen on the way.A) fierceB) roughC) rawD) windy 37. We could take no chance if we failed in Normandy; the war might _____ on.A) pullB) dragC) bogD) limp38. By an unfortunate ______ of fate, the only witness of his innocence was dead.A) strikeB) stretchC) stripD) stroke39. In July, 1916, the allied forces launched a massive ______, with disastrous results.A) invasionB) offensiveC) assaultD) ambush40. We must cherish experience acquired _____ our blood and sweat. A) at the cost ofB) for the sake ofC) in the case ofD) in light of第1题：正确答案是A,您的答案是未选. 答案：A句意为：这家公司如果不能设计出新产品，那它的前途就非常暗淡。
英语词汇学英语词汇学习题1及答案
试题一第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. （30% ）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Generalization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenicpounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as_______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.A. long （not short）B. ball （a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll ）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to thecourse book.（10% ）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（） l （place where things are made）22.Germanic（） B.grammatical23.extension（） C.double meaning24.narrowing （） D.Swedish25.linguistic （） prehend/understand26.ambiguity （） F.Dutch27.participants（）G.degermined28.difference in denotation （）H.pigheaded29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes ）Ⅳ. Study the following words or expressionsand identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2 ）types of word formation or prefixes. （10% ）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint （）35.preliminaries （）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize （）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell （）40.multi-purposes （）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10% ）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below（.12% ）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. （18% ）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.参考答案Ⅰ.(3%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B10.C11.D12.A13.B14.B15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A51.J52.B53.C54.I55.E56.G57.HⅣ.(10%)58.bound root59.（head+tail）blinding60.inflectional affix/morpheme61.a+n62.full conversion63.suffix64.reversative prefix65.prefix of degree66.prefix67.number prefixⅤ.(10%)68.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.69.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.70.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.71.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.72.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)73.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.74.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence withidiomatic expressions.75.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18)24. ）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection（re+collect+ion ）,nationalist （nation+al+ist ）,unearthly（un+earth+ly ）.2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.76.）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine （3 分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking （1 分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive （2 分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial （2 分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship （1 分）。
英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案资料讲解
英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案资料讲解试题三第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( )A. ad for “advertisement”B. dish for “food"C. fond for “affectionate”D. an editorial for “an editorial article"3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( )A. the reader’s interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's intentionD. the etymology of the word4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi-5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopedic English DictionaryC. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms6.Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( )A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( )A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponym9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( )A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historicalperiodD. it can stand for words in given dialect or field10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( )A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification11.An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analyzableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood12.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to ( )A. morphological structureB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context13.What causes the a mbiguity of the sentence ”I like Mary better than Janet"? ( )A. VocabularyB. SituationC. StructureD. None of the above14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken ( )A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 180015.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16._________________ meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17.The word __________ has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry".18.The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.19.When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.20.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations;3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)motivation.(10%)A B21.reiteration ( ) A. high and low22.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24.perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25.personification ( ) E. hiss26.portus ( ) F. bear; bear/doc/e81933771.html,e ( ) G. twitter28.heart ( ) H. cat29.birds ( ) I. port30.snakes ( ) J. heart and soulⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of context clues; 2) typesof word formation; 3) types of word-meaning changes and 4) rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( )32.sitcom ( )33.the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )34.form cradle to grave ( )35.might and main ( )36.fax ( )37.disobey,impolite, ( )38.hussy:"housewife"→"a woman of low morals"( )39.disease:"discomfort"→"illness"( )40.fond:"foolish"→"affectionat e"( )Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)41.dictionary42.pejoration43.idioms nominal in nature44.Germanic45.allomorphⅥ.Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46.What are the stylistic features of idioms?47.How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)/doc/e81933771.html,ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.50.Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisoner试题参考答案Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.C9.A 10.B11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.CⅡ.Complete the following statements with proper words orexpressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. boundⅢ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.EⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes38.degradation39.narrowing40.elevationⅤ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows asnoun idioms.44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.45.one of the variants that realize a morphemeⅥ.Answer the following questions.(12%)46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words.Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.要点：Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday50.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemesunbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.。
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下列定义所表示的名称:1.a minimum unit of meaning :(morpheme)2。
a morpheme to which affixescan be added : （root)3。
a linguistic form that can occur as an independent word：（free form）4.a morpheme that must occur with at least one other morpheme：（bound form)5。
a bound morpheme attached to a base (root or stem)：（affix）6。
an affix attached to the beginning of a base (root or stem )：（prefix）7.an affix attached to the end of a base (root or stem）: （suffix）8。
an affix （in English,usually a suffix) that changes the form of a word without changing its part of speech or basic meaning：(inflectional affix)9.the process by which noninfectional affixes are added to roots to form words：（derivation)10。
the process of joining together two linguistic forms which can function independently ：(compounding)各组单词中共同的粘着词根、其词源及语义:1。
acoustic，acoustical,acoumeter,acoustician,acoustics,acouphone:（acou—听，GK) 2aerodomestics,erodrome，erodynamic，aerofoil,aerogramme,aerolite，aerography,aeronautics，aerophysics,aeroplane,aerosphere: （aero—空气GK）3。
agenda,agent，agile, active,actor,actual,enact，inactive，transact,interact，react：（ag —，ac-做L)4。
agrarian,agricultural,agriculture，agrimotor，agrobiology，agrochemical,agrology，agronomic,agronomy,agrostology，agrotechnique，agrotechny,agrotown,agrotype：（agr —土地L）5。
altimeter，altimetry，altitude，alto，exalt,contralto: (alt-高L）6.amateur,amatory，amiable,amicable，amorous,enamoured,unamiable：（am-，amor—爱L)7。
Ample，ampleness，amply,amplidyne,amplification,amplifier,amplify,amplitude，radioamplifier：（ampl-充足L）8.annals,annual，perennial，centennial,annuity,biennial: (ann-年L)9anthropology，philanthropist,misanthropical，anthropotomy，anthropogeneses,anthropography，anthropophagus：(anthrop- 人类GK）10aqualung，aquanaut，aquaplane,aquanelle,aquarium，aquatic，aqueous，aquiculture，aquosity,subaquatic,subaqueous，terraqueous，aqueduct：（aqu—水L）11archangel，archbishop，arch-criminal，archdeacon,archdiocese,archenemy,archfiend: （arch- 首要GK)12asterisk，asterism，asteroid,astrodome,astrodynamics,astrograph,astrologer,astrology，astronautics,astronavigation，astronomer,astronomy：（astr- 星GK）13atmosphere,atmolysis,atmometer，atmeter，atmoseal，atmospherics:（atmo-气体GK）14audible,audibility,inaudible，audience,audiology,audio—visual，audiometer,audiophile,audiophile，audition，auditor，auditorium：（aud- 听L)15atoalarm,autobiographer,autoboat，autobus，autochrome，autoclave，autocrat,autograph，autoinfection，automate，automatic,automation,automobile，autonomy,autotruck，autotype：(auto—自己GK)16barodynamics，barogram，barograph,barometric，barothermograph:（bar-压力GK) 17bathymeter，bathymetric,bathysphere,bathythermograph：(bathy—深海的GK)18Bible,bibliofilm,bibliography,bibliology，bibliolater，bibliomania，bibliophile,bibliophilism，bibliopole，bibliotheca,bibliotic，bibliotist：（biblio—书籍GK)19bioassay，biocatalyst，biochemistry,biocide，bioclean，bioclimatic,bioclimatolgy，bioelectricity，biology,biogeneses,biogenic,biogeography,biography,biometerology，bionics，bioscope，biosyntheses，biotic: （bio—生命GK)20.Breve,breviary，brevirostrate,brevity,brief，abbreviate,abridge: (bre—简短L)用否定前缀in-（及其变体）,non-,un—构成下列单词的反义词：mature:im regular：ir considerate：in noble:in contentious:non legitimate：il metal:non passive:im ferrous:non accuracy：in endurable:un variance：in inductive：non legible:il reasonable：un rational:ir scrupulous：un staple：non balance：im legalize：il写出下列单词中前缀的意义：antecedent: before byproduct: near apocope: off enclose：in endobiotic: inside epitaph: outside expire：out foretell：before hypocrite：beneath include：in infrared：under intercede：between：intramural：within introspect：into outbid: exceeding overwork：beyond postgraduate：after precede: before proceed：forward retrospect:back subscribe：below superman：above supramundane：beyond transmit: across ultraconservatism：extreme以所列的单词为第一个成分，根据定义写出复合名词(A)green：1。
a stretch of land，round a town,where building is not allowed，so that fields woods,etc,remain：greenbelt 2.a shop—keeper who sells vegetables and fruit：greengrocer 3.a young，inexperienced person,especially male,who is easily cheated：greenhorn4。
a room in a theatre or concert hall where actors musicians，etc。
,can rest when not performing :greenroom(B）hand：1。
a small bag for a woman to carry her money and personal things in: handbag2.a short book giving all the most important information about a subject：handbook3.an apparatus that stops a vehicle,worked by the driver’s hand: handbreak4.a bar of wood or metal fixed beside a place where one walks for holding onto，especially near stairs: handrail(C）after：１。