中考主题十一
中考语文复习：《诗文默写》专题讲练(含答案解析)
中考复习专题十一：诗文默写（一）【解题指津】考查内容：要能背诵新课标及中考语文大纲中规定的初中必背古诗词和文言文。
考试题型：1.直接型默写题：写出指定的名篇佳作中的句子，或是出上句对下句，出下句对上句，或是出两头写中间。
2.理解型默写题：根据有关情境或提示默写相应内容（中考语文大纲中规定的初中必背古诗词和必背文言文中的句子）。
3.运用型默写题：多设置具体的语境，需要考生借助联想，在积累的仓库中搜索出恰如其分的语句填入其中。
命题导向：（1）多以机械性默写为主，但有3个小题是理解运用性默写，最后一个一般是归纳性默写。
（2）这几年在命题时，一般会回避几年重复考某一首诗或某一篇文。
题量及评分要求：题量为8个小题；评分要求：每小题的每个空，错、漏、多l字均扣分，扣完该小题分值为止考查水平: 识记【备考精炼】1.（2014·山东滨州）默写。
（1）为什么我的眼里常含泪水？______________……（艾青《我爱这土地》）（2）______________，阴阳割昏晓。
（杜甫《望岳》）（3）有约不来过夜半，______________（赵师秀《约客》）（4）鸢飞戾天者，望峰息心；______________，______________。
（吴均《与朱元思书》）（5）曾子曰：“______________，任重而道远。
”（《<论语>十则》）（6）辛弃疾在《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》一词中用“______________，______________”写出了战斗的激烈场面，从气氛上向人们预示着战事的胜利。
（7）岑参在《白雪歌送武判官归京》中运用奇特想象描写雪后美景的诗句是：______________，______________。
（8）李白在《行路难》中运用细腻的动作描写表达内心苦闷的诗句是_____________，______________。
2.（2014·山东德州）默写①此夜曲中闻折柳，。
(淄博专版)中考语文专题十一文言文阅读练习(含解析)(含答案)
专题十一文言文阅读一、(2019·改编题)阅读下面的文段，完成后面的题目。
汉元年①十月，沛公兵遂先诸侯至霸上②。
秦王子婴素车白马，系颈以组③，封皇帝玺符节，降轵道④旁。
诸将或言诛秦王。
沛公曰：“始怀王遣我，固以能宽容，且人已服降，又杀之，不祥。
”乃以秦王属吏，遂西入咸阳，欲止宫休舍。
樊哙、张良谏，乃封秦重宝财物府库，还军霸上，召诸县父老豪杰曰：“父老苦．秦苛法久矣，诽谤者族⑤，偶语者弃市⑥。
吾与诸侯约先入关⑦者王之吾当王关中。
与父老约法三章耳：杀人者死，伤人及盗抵罪。
悉除去秦法，诸吏人皆案堵如故⑧。
凡吾所以来，为父老除害，非有所侵暴，无恐！吾所以还军霸上，待诸侯至而定约束耳。
”乃使人与秦吏行县乡邑，告谕之。
秦人大喜，争持牛羊酒食献饷军士。
沛公又让．不受，曰：“仓粟多，非乏，不欲费人。
”人又益喜，唯恐沛公不为秦王。
【注释】①汉元年：指刘邦被封为汉王后的第一年，即公元前206年。
②沛公：即汉高祖刘邦。
霸上：古地名。
③组：绳索。
④轵道：亭名，后以“轵道”借指亡国投降。
⑤族：灭族，杀害违犯者及其亲属。
⑥偶语：相对私语。
弃市：古代在闹市执行死刑，并将尸体暴露在街头，称为弃市。
⑦关：指函谷关，古代要塞、天险。
⑧吏：指当时的大、小官员。
案堵：同“安堵”，形容百姓安居乐业。
1．请用“/”给下面的句子划分朗读节奏。
(标2处)吾与诸侯约先入关者王之吾当王关中2．解释下列加点词的意思。
(1)父老苦．秦苛法久矣苦：__________________________(2)沛公又让．不受让：__________________________3．下列句中加点词的意义和用法，相同的一项是( )A．诸将或．言诛秦王一食或．尽粟一石B．乃以秦王属．吏属．予作文以记之C．乃．封秦重宝财物府库乃．不知有汉D．系颈以．组寡人以．五百里之地易安陵4．下列表述与原文意思不相符的一项是( )A．秦王子婴投降后，将领们主张杀死他，沛公反对，认为子婴已经投降，再杀他就太不吉祥了。
中考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十一 完形填空综合训练(C卷)
中考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十一完形填空综合训练（C卷）一、I get up at half past seven and get dressed for school. My school has a 1 —black trousers and shoes, a white shirt and a black and gold tie. The girls wear the same, or they can 2 a black skirt. Not all British schools have the uniforms, but it's common here.I don't live far from the school, 3 I walk there with my friends, Brian andGemma. Lots of students 4 the school bus or their parents drive them to school. On Mondays we all start 5 a meeting in the school hall at eight fifty. The headmaster talks to us and gives us information about school events.This year I've got nine subjects. We all study English, maths and science, and then we choose other 6 .We have 20 minutes for a break in the morning and an hour for 7 . Some students bring sandwiches to school for lunch, but my friends and I always eat in the 8 room where we can get a hot meal every day.Lessons 9 at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, but on Mondays and Wednesdays I stay at school until five o'clock. There are lots of clubs and activities at our school.At the end of the day I always spend two hours doing 10 —sometimes three hours, as we get lots of homework now.1.A.tradition B.uniform C.rule D.habit2.A.borrow B.make C.wear D.take3.A.so B.however C.because D.but4.A.repair B.wash C.clean D.catch5.A.at B.in C.on D.with6.A.friends B.subjects C.games D.clubs7.A.lunch B.breakfast C.dinner D.supper8.A.sitting B.living C.waiting D.dining9.A.begin B.end C.continue st10.A.events B.clubs C.homework D.activities二、A famous designer(设计师) and a university student produce a new cup called Vessyl. They have spent several years 1 it. The smart cup can not only tell Coca Cola from PepsiCola, 2 also tell people whether they should drink water or not.When people 3 liquid(液体) into this smart cup, a few seconds(秒) later, it can check this kind of liquid and tell them what it is. Then it gives 4 information of the drink, such as sugar, fat and calorie. When people put the cup in their 5 , it can also show them the condition of their bodies. If they are 6 , Vessyl can tell them to drink water."My partner and I want people to 7 healthy. In modern society, people areusually 8 busy to do exercise, or even drink enough water every day. They havemuch 9 . We produce this smart cup so that people can make a choice 10 ," the designer said.1.A.in B.on C.at D.of2.A.and B.though C.nor D.but3.A.pour B.pull C.lift D.regard4.A.a few B.a lot C.lots of D.many5.A.desks B.hands C.bags D.mouths6.A.full B.hungry C.thirsty D.awful7.A.carry B.have C.touch D.keep8.A.too B.to C.so D.very9.A.danger B.pressure C.power ughter10.A.quietly B.hardly C.wisely D.recently三、What does it mean to be green? "Green" is more than just a colour. It also means taking special steps to 1 the environment—the water, the land and the air we breathe. Whygreen? 2 are green, and without them the earth wouldn't be such a lovely home for us human beings.Reduce it!When you use less of something, you do a 3 thing for the earth. For example, a shorter shower means you use less water. Here's a list of other things you can reduce: ☆Turn off lights when you're not using them.☆Put your 4 to "sleep" instead of leaving it on with the screen saver (屏幕保护程序) running.☆Walk or ride your bike instead of driving the car. You'll use less oil and get more exercise!Reuse it!Sometimes people call 5 a "throwaway society". That means we always 6 old things and buy new ones. Many times, if you no longer need something, someone else just might need it. For example, 7 your little brother is too old to play with his plastic ball, why not give it to another family with a younger kid?Here are some other ways to reuse the things you have:☆Choose reusable travel 8 instead of paper or plastic cups.☆Take your own bags (reusable ones) when you go to the market.Recycle it!Recycling has never been easy. You should know what things you can 9 . You should also remind others what things can be recycled.Many things can be recycled. For example, 10 can be recycled. Some communities take used water to water the grass and flowers.1.A. afford B. create C. protect D. pollute2.A. Animals B. Plants C. Bottles D. Gates3.A. cruel B. harmful C. strange D. good4.A. computer B. fridge C. book D. radio5.A. his B. yours C. theirs D. ours6.A. throw away B. pick up C. run away D. catch up7.A. so B. if C. because D. although8.A. beds B. backpacks C. photos D. cups9.A. examine B. help C. recycle D. pay10.A. fire B. wind C. electricity D. water四、A traveller was in a large desert, planning to walk across it in one month. Twenty more days passed the journey had been going on 1 . "Soon I'll be able to walk out of this desert," he thought gladly.But the desert was never friendly 2 travellers. In a short time, there came a strong sandstorm. He hurriedly covered his head with the clothes, prostrate(趴着的) on the sand. After about ten minutes, the sandstorm 3 . He shook the clothes and stood up. At that moment, he found himself in a hopeless situation----the backpack with food and water was swept away bythe 4 .As we know, it seems 5 to leave the desert without food and water. Luckily, he had a pear left. He held it in his hands lightly. "Not too bad, at least I have a pear. I believe I can walk out of the desert".Days and nights went by quickly, but the desert still looked endless. Besides, hunger, thirst and fear of 6 were always around him like ghosts. However, each time he was close to losing hope, he forced himself to stare at the pear that he had been keeping. "Not too bad, at least I have a pear.''A small pear became the 7 for his survival (生存). Three days later, 8 he saw a village not far away, he laughed with excitement. He fell completely relaxed----the "pear" brought him back to 9 .To keep hope is the best weapon (武器) for victory, so never tell you " 10 left," because only if you try to search, you can always find a "pear" to pull you out of trouble.1.A. well B. badly C. terribly D. heavily2.A. at B. on C. to D. by3.A. began B. stopped C. hid D. continued4.A. snow B. desert C. sandstorm D. smoke5.A. right B. impossible C. safe D. important6.A. death B. pain C. illness D. sand7.A. hope B. rule C. question D. plan8.A. as long as B. even if C. so that D. as soon as9.A. danger B. sleep C. life D. mind10.A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything答案以及解析一、答案：1-5 BCADD 6-10 BADBC解析：1.tradition意为"传统"; uniform意为"制服"; rule意为"规则"; habit意为"习惯"。
中考数学复习专题十一 二次函数与几何图形综合题
【点评】 本题主要考查的是二次函数的综合应用，求得 P1C 和 P2A 的解析式是解答问题(2) 的关键，求得点 P 的纵坐标是解答问题(3)的关键．
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[对应训练] 1．(2016·遵义)如图，在平面直角坐标系中，Rt△ABC 的三个顶点分别是 A(－8，3)，B(－
4，• 0单)，•击C第(此－二4处级，3编)，辑∠A母BC版＝文α°本.抛样物式线 y＝12x2＋bx＋c 经过点 C，且对称轴为 x＝－45，并与
证：PH＝GH.
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•
单击此处编辑母版文本样式
• 第二级
12×（－4）2－4b＋c＝3，
解：(1)根• 第据•三题第级意四• 得级第：五级－2×b 12＝－45，
解得
b＝45， c＝－95，∴抛物线的解析式为：y
Hale Waihona Puke ＝12x2＋45x－95，点 G(0，－95)
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标为(－2，5)．综• 第上五所级述，P 的坐标是(1，－4)或(－2，5)
单击此处编辑母版标题样式 (3)如图 2 所示：连接 OD.由题意可知，四边形 OFDE 是矩形，则 OD＝EF.根据垂线
段最短，可得当 OD⊥AC 时，OD 最短，即 EF 最短．由(1)可知，在 Rt△AOC 中，∵OC
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• 单三击个此步处骤 编辑母版文本样式
•解第二二次级函数与几何图形综合题，第一，需要认真审题，分析、挖掘题目的隐含条件，翻
译并转化• 为第显三性级条件；第二，要善于将复杂问题分解为基本问题，逐个击破；第三，要善于 联想和转化，• 将第四以级上得到的显性条件进行恰当的组合，进一步得到新的结论，尤其要注意的
初中语文中考复习专题——课外名著阅读(名人传)
中考复习专题——课外名著阅读（十一）——《名人传》阅读【创作背景】1886年，罗曼·罗兰怀抱着崇高的社会理想和热情，考取巴黎高等师范学校，而周围的现实却让他苦闷困惑，于是他给俄国伟大作家列夫·托尔斯泰写信寻求生活的答案。
托尔斯泰很热情地写了一封二三十页长的回信，并指出：“一切使人们团结的，是善与美；一切使人们分裂的，是恶与丑。
”托尔斯泰“慈祥”的言行对罗兰的一生构成了不可磨灭的影响。
20世纪初，在物质利益决定一切，欺小凌弱和暴力成为国际秩序的时代，需要的是高贵的精神，甘愿自我牺牲、以痛苦为人类献祭的榜样。
罗曼·罗兰把社会变革与进步的希望寄托在“英雄”人物的身上，他要为他心中理想的精神巨子立传，让人们“呼吸到英雄的气息”，为我们的精神世界创造光辉夺目的太阳。
他制订了详细的创作计划，并先后写成《贝多芬传》、《米开朗琪罗传》、《托尔斯泰传》等“名人传记”。
【作者简介】罗曼·罗兰（Romain Rolland，1866-1944）1866年1月29日生于法国中部高原上的小镇克拉姆西。
是人道主义家、思想家、文学家、批判现实主义作家、音乐评论家、社会活动家。
他从小爱好音乐，醉心于托尔斯泰和雨果的作品，形成了非暴力主义的人道主义思想，也是20世纪上半叶法国著名人道主义作家。
一生为争取人类自由，罗曼与黑暗进行不屈的斗争。
他是传记文学的创始人，其小说特点常常被人们归纳为“用音乐写小说”。
罗曼·罗兰早期写了7个剧本，以历史上的英雄事件为题材，试图以“革命戏剧”对抗陈腐的戏剧艺术。
20世纪初，他的创作进入一个崭新的阶段，罗兰为让世人“呼吸英雄的气息”，替具有巨大精神力量的英雄树碑立传，并于1915年因《约翰·克里斯朵夫》获得诺贝尔文学奖。
他的著作大致可以分为音乐和文学两大类，在音乐理论与音乐史方面，更重要的著作是七大卷《贝多芬的伟大创作时期》（1928-1943）。
2021年中考英语专题训练十一：情景交际和图识标志(含答案)
2021年中考英语专题训练十一：情景交际和图识标志单项选择。
1.-?-Sorry. There is no one named Gary. You must have the wrong number.A. Can I help youB. What's the matterC. Is that Gary speakingD. What’s up2. -Bill, can I get you anything to drink?-A. You are welcome.B. No problem.C. I wouldn't mind a coffee.D. It doesn't matter.3.- Can I bring a friend to your birthday party?-Sure, .A. no problemB. not at allC. my pleasureD. well done4.- Your pencil case looks really beautiful.-. But in fact, Gina’s looks better than mine.A. Of courseB. Not at allC. I’m afraidD. Thank you5. -I was just in time to get there for the meeting. Thank you for lending me the bike. -.A. That’s rightB. Of course notC. You're welcomeD.The same to you6. Would you like some juice?-. I’d like something to eat.A. Yes,pleaseB. No problemC. That's OKD. No, thanks7. -What about having a drink?-.A. Help yourselfB. Never mindC. You're rightD. Good idea8. -Would you mind if I turn on the radio?-.The baby is sleeping in the next room.A. No, I don't mineB. Not at allC. Better notD. That's all right9. -Too sad you didn't go to the beach with us. It was so much fun there!You must go next time.-. I don't think I'll have any fun. I can't swim.A. Yes, pleaseB. No, thanksC. You are welcomeD. My pleasure10. -The radio says it will rain next Sunday.-.We’re going for a picnic that day.A. I hope it willB. I’m afraid notC. I don’t think soD. I hope not11. -Hello! Could I speak to Betty, please?- Hello!A. Can you help me?B. Are you OK?C. This is Betty speaking.D. Have a nice day.12. - Guess what? I won the dancing competition last week.-Wow! !A. Never mindB. No problemC. CongratulationsD. Poor you13. -Hurry up. or we will miss the sea lion show in the Ocean Park.-.We still have fifteen minutes before the show begins.A. Take it easyB. Good luckC.I guess soD. Take care14. -I will have an important match tomorrow. I hope I will win.-.A. Good luckB. No ideaC. That's such a pityD. It's all right15. Jack, I'd like to have your opinions about my report.-.But I have one suggestion.A. That's a good ideaB. I agree with youC. It looks fine to meD. Check it first16. -Would you mind my turning up the TV? The New Year concert has just begun. -. Just go ahead.A. Please don’tB. Better notC. I’m afraidD. Of course not17. -Hello, may I speak to Sandy?-.A. Yes, I’m RoseB. I'll call back againC. Yes, I can't hear youD. This is Sandy speaking18. -It's very kind of you to help me. Thank you very much.-.A. Thank youB. Don't thank meC. Sorry to help you very littleD. You are welcome19. -How was your trip?-. I hope I can go there again.A. Just so-soB. Not very goodC. Nothing specialD. Wonderful20.Sorry, Sir. I made a mistake again.-. Practice more and you will do better.A. Never mindB. I’m not sureC. You’re welcomeD. Don't mention it21. -Are you good at history, Rose?-.But I will try to study it well this term.A. That's all rightB. Not very goodC. No problemD. Quite well22. -Look! It's raining heavily. take a raincoat with you?-Well, I'll take one right now.A. Why notB. Why don'tC. Would you mindD. Would you like23. -Mark, please don't play basketball on the road, It's very dangerous. -. I am going home at once.A. Have a great timeB. Sorry, I won't do thatC. I'd like toD. OK, with pleasure24. -Hello, this is Tina speaking. Is that Sam?-Sorry, he isn't here at the moment. ?A. Can I take a messageB. What are you saying to TinaC. May I speak to SamD. Who's that speaking25. -Maggie, I really love your handwriting.-A.I practice every dayB. Thank you very muchC. No, I don't think soD. Well, it's not good enough26. Will you be able to come and help us clean the room?-,but I'm doing my homework.A. I’d love toB. I hope notC. I do careD. I'm afraid not27. -Could you tell me how to get to Xuzhou Rail way Station, please?A. No, I couldn’tB. Don't ask meC. Thank you all the sameD. Certainly. You can take the No. 1 bus28.-Would you like some more rice?-.I am full now.A. No moreB. Just a littleC. No, thanksD. Yes, I would29.-?-Nothing serious, but a bit tired.A. Is that allB. Is there anything elseC. What’s thisD. What's the matter with you30. - It's hot today. How about going swimming after school?-! Let's ask Daniel to go with us.A. That’s OKB. Best wishesC. Good luckD. Good idea31. -You don't look well, Daniel. You'd better see a doctor.-, but he said there's nothing wrong.A. Yes, I willB. Yes, I didC. No, I won'tD. Sorry, it doesn't matter32. -You’d better go to school a bit earlier. The traffic in the morning is terrible.-A. All right.B. What for?C. Not at allD. My pleasure33. -Will you carry the box for me, please?-Sure, .A. no goodB. no problemC. no ideaD. no way34.My mother has been ill for several days.-.A. Never mindB. Go aheadC. I'm sorry to hear thatD. That's OK35. -We can invite Nick and Nora to Shanghai Disneyland with us.-? I'll give them a call right now.A. Why notB. What forC. WhyD. What36. The sign “ ” means “No Litter”.A. B. C. D.37. Which sign of the following means “No smoking”?A. B. C. D.38. -May I use your computer, Mr Black?-. I will use my iPad instead.A. Go aheadB. Thank youC. Sorry, you can’tD. I’m afraid not39. -It's said that shopping online is safe.-. You'd better be careful.A. I agreeB. That dependsC. I think soD. No problem40. Look at the picture on the right! She is going .A. into the library B. out of the post officeC. into the supermarketD. out of the bank41. Hello, Sally! Can I see Mr Brown?-. I'll tell him you are here.A. What a pityB. Just a minuteC. CongratulationsD. Never mind42.-You look smart today!-A. Not good.B. That’s OK.C. What a shame!D. Thank you.43. -Happy New Year!-A.That’s OK.B. The same to you.C. It doesn't matter.D. You're welcome.44. Which of the following public signs is correct in English?A. B. C. D.45. -Could you help me carry the equipment to the basketball field, Robin?-. I'll do it at once.A. Not at allB. No problemC. Wait a momentD. That's right46.- Amazingly, I’ve managed to finish the project by myself.-I told you it was easy.A. With pleasure.B. Guess what?C. There you are!D. It doesn't matter.47. -May I have a look at the magazine China Today?-Certainly.A. Thank youB. It's a pityC. Here you areD. I'd like to48. -I’m awfully sorry for bringing you so much trouble.-.A. Never mindB. It's a pleasureC. Of course notD. You are welcome49. Which sign can you go straight?A. B. C. D.50. What does the sign mean?A. Save water.B. Take care of the earth.C. Wash your hands.D. Love life.51. What does the sign mean?A. Huge your children.B. Care for children.C. Expect tomorrow.D. Have a dream.52.-Can I park my car here?-No, look at the sign.Which sign does the second speaker refer to?A. B. C. D.53. Which picture means “girl is go shopping in a supermarket?”A. B. C. D.54. -After a long sleep, I'm still not feeling well.-Oh. Why not go to see a doctor?What does the second speaker suggest doing?A. B. C. D.参考答案1-5 CCADC 6-10 DDCBD 11-15 CCAAC 16-20 DDDDA 21-25 BABAB 26-30 ADCDD 31-35 BABCA 36-40 ABABC 41-45 BDBDB 46-50 CCAAA 51-54 BCDB。
2020届中考语文分类集训：专题十一__古诗词鉴赏
2020届中考语文分类集训：专题十一__古诗词鉴赏一、诗歌鉴赏1．阅读下面这首词，完成下列小题。
鹧鸪天·建康上元作①赵鼎客路那知岁序移，忽惊春到小桃枝。
天涯海角悲凉地，记得当年全盛时。
花弄影，月流辉，水晶宫殿五云飞。
分明一觉华胥梦②，回首东风泪满衣。
（注）①作于宋南渡后的元宵节。
②华胥梦：传说黄帝梦游华管之国，该国繁荣祥和。
1．古典诗词特别讲究炼字，你觉得“忽惊春到小桃枝”一句中“忽”字有什么表达效果？2．用自己的语言描绘一下“华胥梦”的梦境。
3．本首词的下阕主要运用了哪一种表现手法？抒发了作者怎样的情感？【答案】1．“忽”字的意思是突然，忽然，表示出乎意料。
既写出了词人突然间看到春色早已催生了小桃枝上的花蕊的惊喜，又表现出节气时序的变迁之快（或答：和前一句中的“那知”相照应）。
2．月夜下繁花舞弄着清影，月光流泻出琼玉般的银辉，月色下的宫殿如水晶般晶莹，五色祥云在楼顶飞扬。
3．示例一：运用了对比的表现手法，词人把回忆当年全痤时的欢乐梦境和回到现实的悲凉作对比，抒发了作者对故国的怀念和亡国的悲哀。
示例二：运用了虚实结合的表现手法。
对当年全盛时欢乐生活的回忆，是虚写；结尾两句又回到悲怆的现实，是实写。
抒发了作者对故国的怀念和亡国的悲哀。
【解析】1．考查诗人的炼字技巧。
一定要把词语放入语境中去分析。
“客路那知岁序移，忽惊春到小桃枝”：被贬作客的途中哪有心思去记节气时序的变迁，忽然惊喜地发现艳丽的春光全都凝结到小桃枝上。
“忽”一词，意味着作者惊觉到了春色早已催生了小桃枝上的花蕊。
如今身在异地，竟不知时光节序转换得如此之快。
2．考查对诗歌内容的理解，对“华胥梦”的梦境的刻画。
“分明一觉华胥梦，回首东风泪满衣”：分明是做了一场繁华美梦，回首东风泪满衣衫。
“一觉华胥梦”是说词人沉浸入过往的“梦境”之中。
所以在刻画梦境时，要表现出昔日之全盛及梦中之欢乐。
3．考查下阙所使用的表现手法及抒发的情感。
读懂诗句大意是作答的基础。
中考英语阅读理解精选真题(十一)附答案
中考英语阅读理解精选真题（十一）附答案【能力选练】 A（2019中考科普环保类选练）Apple has entered the textbook market. The tech giant（科技巨头） introduced iBooks textbooks a couple of weeks ago when it announced its iBooks 2 platform.（平台）They are digital books in a variety of subjects taking in science, maths, history and geography.Apple developed its iPad-based textbooks in conjunction（连接）with major textbook publishers. The company offers a collection of textbooks for high school students. Apple claims it offers a “new textbook experience” an d suggests its interactive iBooks textbooks are “the next chapter in learning”.It sounds like good news for pupils and students. Think of it. No more carrying heavy backpacks full of textbooks. Every textbook you require can be stored on your iPad. No more having to buy expensive textbooks which you will only use for a year or two and then sell or give away.Of course there’s a catch. You need to own an iPad and as you know, it is not cheap. You also need to buy digital textbooks, mostly priced each at $14.99 (94.74 yuan) or less. Textbook publishing was worth $8.7 billion in the US alone last year. Will digital books take over completely in education?1. What can we find this kind of passage?A. In a magazineB. In a science bookC. In the newspaperD. In a textbook2. According to the passage above, why iPads are better than our traditional textbooks?A. Because students don’t need to carry heavy books.B. Because they can store many subjects.C. Because we don’t need to do homework.D. Both A and B.3. The underlined sentence “there’s a catch” in the sixth paragraph means _________.A. Every coin has two sidesB. There is some good newsC. There is some bad news C. We have to catch it.4. What’s the writer’s opinion toward this new technol ogy?A. He completely agreed with itB. He thinks high school students like it.C. He likes it so much that he buys one.D. He doesn’t tell us.5. How will the writer continue this passage?A. To talk about the disadvantages and advantages about iPads.B. To introduce the history about the paper making and see if iPads will enter the new market.C. To tell us how the high school students use iPads.D. To ask people to use their traditional textbooks instead of iPads.参考答案CDADB【能力选练】 BWhen we can s ee well, we don’t think about our eyes very often. It is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are.People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing, reading and sewing, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly. People who are farsighted suffer from just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have di fficulty reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses, too.Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some peop le’s eyes become cloudy because of cataracts（白内障）. Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.When night falls, colours become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the sides of your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you can see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly. Menon guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they can’t see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye, which is very sensitive in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark.1. We don’t know that our eyes are of great importance until ___.A. we think about our eyesB. we cannot see clearlyC. we wear glassesD. we have to do much reading2. According to the passage, a _________ is more likely to be nearsighted than the average person.A. tailorB. doctorC. guardD. driver3. Those who suffer from cataracts _________.A. will become blindB. can’t be curedC. may be curedD. must move to other places4. People who are farsighted _________.A. cannot do a lot of close work without glassesB. can only see things that are very close to their eyesC. have difficulty reading a book if they hold it at arm’s lengthD. have the same problem as the nearsighted people5. To see a small thing at night, it is better to look _________.A. with wide open eyesB. with half-shut or narrow eyesC. straight at itD. in a slightly different direction参考答案1－5 BACAD【能力选练】 CHi, dear boys and girls! Do you know how to be a healthy kid? Here are some rules you should follow.First, eat different foods, especially fruit and vegetables. You may have a favourite food, but you'd better eat something different, if you eat different foods, you will probably get more nutrients (营养物质) your body needs.Second, drink water and milk as often as possible. When you're really thirsty,cold water is the No.l choice (选择). Milk is a great drink that can give you more calcium (钙) your body needs to grow strong bones (骨头).Third, listen to your body. How do you feel when you are full? When you are eating, notice how your body feels and when your stomach (胃) feels comfortably full. Eating too much will not make you feel comfortable and make you fat.Fourth, limit (限制) screen time. Screen time is the time you watch TV, DVDs and videos, or using computers. It is good to take more exercise such as basketball, bike riding and swimming. You can't watch TV for more than two hours a day.Fifth, be active. One thing you'd like to do as a kid is to find out which activity you like best. Find ways to be active every day.Follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid.1. You should eat different foods especially ___.A. meatB. hamburgersC. sweetsD. fruit and vegetables2. Which kind of drinks can give you more calcium?A. JuiceB. MilkC. Cold waterD.Tea3. According to the passage, you should follow ＿＿rules if you want to be healthy.A. fiveB. nineC. fifteenD. thirteen4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. When you're eating, you don't have to notice how your body feels.B. You can eat your favourite food as much as possible.C. You can watch TV whenever you like to get more information.D. We should try to live in an active way in our life.5. Which is the best title for the passage?A. How to make yourself importantB. How to be a healthy kidC. How to be a popular kidD. How to make your parents healthy参考答案1－5 DBADB【能力选练】 DDo you enjoy visiting a museum? Did you ever make a plan before a visit? Every museum must have something that attracts you. And there are many possible ways to enjoy yourself in a museum.If you follow these steps below, you'll know what is worth seeing and doing, so that you can make the most of your time at the museum.Decide what museum you will visit. There are so many different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like. It's easy for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit!Do some research online. Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it. On the website, you may look for such things as: ●The exhibits — See what is on show at the museum at all times, and what special exhibitions are held for a short time.●The history of the museum — There will often be very interesting stories about the exhibits and the benefactors(捐赠者). That can make your visit more interesting.●Activities — See whether there are talks, tours or special activities on the day when you visit. Many museums hold some activities that meet the interests of all age groups.●Cost，food or storage — It's important to know how much the visit will cost. You have to decide whether or not you can eat there. You might also need to find out transportation needs, as well as storage for coats, bags, etc.Learn at least one thing on your visit. It is always good to take away something new from your visit.Plan breaks into your visit. When you walk around, standing here and studying exhibits there, you may become very tired. So it is important to take breaks. A break is a good opportunity for you to think of what you have seen and what else you might want to do in the museum.Take a friend or two. Visiting museums is always a lot more fun when you are with someone else. You can talk over what you're seeing. A friend also brings another way of thinking when you talk about the exhibit.( )6. According to the passage, we should first ______.A. do some research onlineB. make a plan for lunchC. decide on a museum to visitD. choose a friend to go with( )7. To make our visit more interesting, we can______.A. organize activities like special shows and talksB. read the stories about exhibits and benefactorsC. learn about the interests of all age groupsD. walk around the museum without breaks( )8.If we visit a museum with friends, we can______.A. share the experience with themB. come up with strange ideasC. cut down the cost of the visitD. discuss the next visit plan( )9.The underlined word exhibits probably means “______” in the passage.A. 展览B．展品C. 展览馆D. 证据( )10.What does the passage mainly talk about?A. What to do in a museum.B. When to visit a museum.C. Where to find a museum.D. How to enjoy a museum.参考答案6～10 C B A B D【能力选练】 E阅读下列短文，选出最佳选项。
2023年中考语文试卷含答案(十一)
2023年中考语文试卷含答案（十一）一、积累和运用（共5小题，计17分）1．经典诗文默写。
（1）蒹葭萋萋，。
（《诗经·秦风》）（2），可以为师矣。
（《〈论语〉十二章》）（3），西北望，射天狼。
（苏轼《江城子·密州出猎》）（4）油蛉在这里低唱，。
（鲁迅《从百草园到三味书屋》）（5）读书使人充实，，作文使人准确。
（弗朗西斯·培根《谈读书》）（6）社会主义路上大踏步走，！（贺敬之《回延安》）（7）临近毕业，同学们不约而同地用“，”（李白《行路难（其一）》）激励对方乐观自信，勇往直前。
（8）漫步湖边，看到禽鸟忙碌的景象，让人不禁想起“，”（白居易《钱塘湖春行》）所描绘的画面。
2．阅读语段，完成各题。
“远天归雁拂．云飞，近水游鱼迸冰出。
”春风终于没有辜负众人的翘首以待。
她悄然用灵巧的手把一岸垂柳梳理得分．外妖娆。
诗人雪莱由zhōng 地赞叹：“春天在美妙的花园里升起，像爱之神，到处都有她的踪迹；大地黝黑的胸脯上花发草萌，相继脱离冬眠梦境苏醒。
”春天总是和创造与生长联系在一起。
没有冬天的积xù ，哪有春天的萌发？没有冰雪的消融，哪有江河的奔涌？（1）请根据语境，选出加点字正确的读音。
（只填序号）远天归雁拂．（A．fó B．fú）云飞，近水游鱼进冰出。
（）她悄然用灵巧的手把一岸垂柳梳理得分．（A．fēn B ．fèn ）外妖娆。
（）（2）请根据语境，写出下面词语中拼音所对应的汉字。
由zhōng 积xù3．面向七年级新同学，学校“读书会”举办“青春书海第一帆”名著推介活动。
你作为社团负责人，建议他们先阅读下面的哪一部名著。
请你结合阅读体验，简述推荐理由。
《朝花夕拾》《红岩》《钢铁是怎样炼成的》4．阅读语段，按要求完成下面的题目。
①文化是民族的精神命脉。
②一个民族的复兴，总是以文化的兴盛为强大支撑一个时代的进步，总是以文化的繁荣为鲜明标识。
中考数学 精讲篇 专题突破十一 不定方程实际应用题
【解析】设 1 个进口 1 小时开进 x 辆车，1 个出口 1 小时开出 y 辆，车位
8（2x－3y）＝75%a， x＝136a， 总数为 a，由题意得2（3x－2y）＝75%a，解得y＝332a，则
3 3 32
32
60%a÷2×16－32a＝15(小时)，∴从早晨 6 点开始经过15小时车库恰好
4 两个年级接种总人数之和的19，则这三个年级第一批接种总人数与第二 批接种总人数之比为 336∶6∶1133.
【解析】设增加前七年级参加疫苗接种的教师为 3x 人，则增加前九年级
参加疫苗接种的教师为 4x 人，设增加前八年级参加疫苗接种的教师为 y
人，新增七年级参加疫苗接种的教师为 5z 人，新增八年级参加疫苗接种
4p＝4(5a＋p)，∴每盒乙的售价为：(1＋20%)×4(5a＋p)＝4.8(5a＋p)，
∴每盒甲的售价为：4.8(5a＋p)÷(1＋20%)＝4(5a＋p)，∴
x[4（5a＋p）－3（5a＋p）]＋y[4.8（5a＋p）－4（5a＋p）]
x·3（5a＋p）＋y·4（5a＋p）
＝25%，化
简，得x3＋x＋0.48yy＝14，∴xy＝45，∴甲、乙两种礼盒的销售量之比为 4∶5.
2 摊增加的营业额占总增加的营业额的5，则摆摊的营业额将达到 7 月份总 营业额的270，为使堂食、外卖 7 月份的营业额之1比为 8 ∶5，则 7 月份外 卖还需增加的营业额与 7 月份总营业额之比是_ 8 __.
【解析】设 6 月份堂食营业额为 3x，外卖营业额为 5x，摆摊营业额为 2x， 则 6 月份总营业额为 10x.设 7 月份增加的营业额为 y，则 7 月份总营业 额为 10x＋y，依题意得 2x＋25y＝270(10x＋y)，解得 y＝30x.∵7 月份堂
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中考主题十一 制卷人：郑美砚 张小琴 1 主题十一：碳和碳的化合物
知识结构 1. 2.
3.
物理性质差异较大，
因为 。
无定形碳： 等 相 同
化学性质 石 墨 金刚石 碳单质
天然存在
C60
碳的化合物
碳的氧化物
碳和碳的化合物
物理性质： 、 、 化学性质 一氧化碳 还原性： 可燃性： 毒 性：（原理）
二氧化碳
检验方法： （反应原理） 用 途： 、 、 、 、
制 法
性 质
物理性质： 、 、
化学性质 不 、不 、 与水反应： 与碱反应：
与灼热的碳反应：
药品： 原理： 实验室 装置： 制法 收集： 验满：
工业制法：煅烧石灰石
能使紫色石蕊变红：（方程式） 不稳定，易分解：（方程式） 碳
酸
碳 酸 钙
物理性质： 、 化学性质：高温分解：（方程式） 与酸反应：（方程式） 用 途： 中考主题十一 制卷人：郑美砚 张小琴 2 【考点一：碳单质】
1.金刚石、石墨和C60都是由碳元素组成的单质，下列说法正确的是：（ ） A．它们是同一种物质 B．它们碳原子的排列方式不同 C．它们的化学性质不同 D．它们的物理性质不同 2. 2010年诺贝尔物理奖授予发现石墨烯的开创性研究者。以石墨为原料，先制备氧化石墨, 再经过热还原制备石墨烯。石墨烯硬度大，导电性能好，有韧性，可弯曲。下列关于金刚石、石墨、C60和石墨烯四种单质的叙述错误的是 （ ） A．将石墨变成石墨烯发生了化学变化 B．四种物质碳原子的排列方式不同 C．四种物质完全燃烧后的产物都是CO2 D．石墨烯是一种新型的有机物 3、1985年科学家发现了一种组成为C60的物质，下列关于的说法中正确的是（） A它是一种化合物 B它是由碳元素组成的单质 C它的相对分子质量是720 D每个C60分子是由60个碳原子构成 4、木炭可用来除去冰箱中的异味、净化饮用水等，这是利用了木炭的（） A稳定性 B还原性 C可燃性 D吸附性 5．我国古代一些书法家、画家用墨（用炭黑等制成）书写或绘制的字画能够保存很长时间而不变色，这是因为单质碳具有 （ ） A可燃性 B还原性 C在常温下，化学性质不活泼 D．吸附性 6.下列说法中，正确的是 （ ） A金刚石、石墨都是由碳原子构成的，都很硬 B单质碳具有还原性 C用活性碳可除去硬水中的氯化钙杂质 D木炭燃烧时吸收大量的热 7、下列叙述中正确的是（ ） 中考主题十一 制卷人：郑美砚 张小琴 3 A某物质中只含有一种元素，则该物质一定是纯净物
B金刚石和石墨之间的转变一定是化学变化 C由同种物质中组成的物质是单质 D某物质中只含有一种元素，这种物质不可能是化合物 8.下列有关碳和碳的氧化物的说法不正确的是 （ ） A. C可以将CuO 中的Cu 置换出来 B.在一定条件下CO2 能够转变成CO C. CO2 能使被石蕊染成紫色的干花变红 D. 金刚石、石墨和C60都是碳元素的单质 9、有关2CuO+C ====== 2Cu+CO2 A氧化铜具有氧化性 B碳发生了还原反应 C反应前后铜元素的化合价没有变 D反应前后固体质量不变 10、碳元素组成的单质有 、 、 等，这种现象说明同种元素可以形成 ，其中是天然存在最硬的物质是 ， 能做干电池的电极。 10、碳在氧气中充分燃烧的化学方程式是 ，当氧气不足时碳燃烧不充分，生成 ，该反应的化学方程式是 。在碳的某种氧化物中，碳元素和氧元素的质量比为3：8，该氧化物的中碳原子和氧原子的个数比为 ，该氧化物的化学式为 ，名称是 。 10、高温下碳能将氧化铜还原为铜：C+2CuO====2Cu+CO2 ，说明碳在较高温度下 能夺取某些氧化物里的 ；在H2+CuO=====Cu+H20的反应中， 失去氧发生还原反应， 具有还原性；写出焦炭还原氧化铁的化学方程式： 11、右图是高温下用木炭还原氧化铜的实验装置图。⑴反
点燃 高温 加热 中考主题十一 制卷人：郑美砚 张小琴
4 应开始时，在盛有澄清石灰水的试管中观察到的现象是 ，说明反应中有
生成，被加热的试管中观察到的现象是 ，发生的化学方程式是 ； ⑵反应完毕后，被加热的试管里的粉末倒在知上可以看到有 色的铜，这是由于 ； ⑶图中酒精灯送加一个 ，作用是 。 ⑷实验结束时，应先 ，再 。 中考主题十一 制卷人：郑美砚 张小琴
5 【考点二：一氧化碳和二氧化碳的性质】
1、区别一氧化碳和二氧化碳气体最适宜的方法是（ ） A观察颜色 B闻气味 C比较二者的密度 D将燃着的木条分别伸入两个集气瓶中 2．下列关于一氧化碳和二氧化碳的说法正确的是 （ ） A．都比空气重 B．都可以用碳和氧气反应得到 C．都有还原性 D．都能和澄清石灰水发生反应 3、下列性质中，与二氧化碳灭火无关的是（ ） A它能溶于水 B一般情况下，它不能燃烧 C密度比空气大 D一般情况下，它不支持燃 4、二氧化碳使紫色石蕊溶液变红的原因是（ ） A二氧化碳能溶于水 B二氧化碳通过加压降温变成了干冰 C二氧化碳跟水反应变成了碳酸 D二氧化碳跟石蕊溶液发生了物理变化 5、CO和CO2在化学性质上的主要变现在（ ） A、CO2具有氧化性而CO有还原性 B、CO的密度小于CO2的密度 C 、CO有味而CO2没有 D、在结构上，CO2比CO多一个氧原子 6、香烟烟雾中含有CO、CO2、SO2等气体，这三种气体的共同点是（ ） A都是氧化物 B都含有氧分子 C都能燃烧 D都有毒 7、为及时发现煤气（主要成分是CO）泄漏，常加入少量有特殊气味的乙硫醇（化学式为中考主题十一 制卷人：郑美砚 张小琴 6 C2H5SH），乙硫醇完全燃烧的化学方程式为：
2C2H5SH+9O2 4CO2+6H2O+2X 下列有关说法正确的（ ） A X的化学式为S B 可以在室内放一盆水防止煤气中毒 C CO、CO2都是污染空气的有毒气体 D CO不仅能做燃料还可以用于冶炼金属 8、甲、乙、丙、丁都是含碳的物质，有如下转化关系： 甲+O2 丙；乙+O2 丙；甲+CuO Cu+CO2，常温下丁分解得到丙。则甲乙丙丁分别是（） A C、CO、CO2、CaCO3
B C、CO2、CO、CaCO3
C CO、C、CO2、H2CO3
D C、CO2、CO、H2CO3
9、可用同一个化学原理解释的现象是（） ①久制的石灰水，液面上出现一层硬壳状薄膜 ②通过导管向澄清石灰水中吹气，石灰水变浑浊 ③为了使用石灰浆刷过的墙壁快点变干，在室内生一盆炭火，开始墙壁反而变的潮湿 ④向紫色石蕊溶液中通入二氧化碳，溶液变红 A①②③ B①②④ C①③④ D②③④ 10、通过下列实验得出的结论，其中不合理的是（）
点燃 点燃 点燃
点燃 中考主题十一 制卷人：郑美砚 张小琴
7 甲 乙 丙 丁 A甲实验可以说明二氧化碳不能燃烧，也不支持燃烧， 还可以说明二氧化碳的密度比空气大 B乙实验可以说明二氧化碳溶于澄清石灰水，还可以 说明二氧化碳能使澄清石灰水变浑浊 C丙实验可以说明二氧化碳已经集满 D丁实验可以说明一氧化碳有还原性，又可以说明一氧化碳具有可燃性 11.节能减排、低碳出行是我们倡导的生活方式，“低碳”指的是尽量减少二氧化碳的排放。下列有关二氧化碳的说法正确的是 （ ） A. 二氧化碳通人紫色石蕊溶液，溶液变为红色，说明二氧化碳具有酸性 B. 二氧化碳的过度排放会加剧温室效应，因此应禁止使用化石燃料 C. 二氧化碳和一氧化碳的组成元素相同，在一定条件下可以相互转化 D. 进入久未开启的菜窖之前，必须做灯火试验，是因为二氧化碳有毒 12.关于一氧化碳和二氧化碳的叙述正确的是 （ ） A. C0和CO2均有可燃性 B.室内放一盆水能防止CO中毒 C. CO具有还原性可用于冶炼金属 C.可用烧碱溶液鉴别CO2气体 13.据报道，化学家创造出对CO2有较强吸收能力的糖粉状物质—“干水”，其每个颗粒含水95﹪，外层是SiO2。下列说法正确的是 （ ） A.干水吸收的CO2过程中只发生物理变化 B. 干水和干冰是同一种物质
二氧化碳 澄清石灰水 中考主题十一 制卷人：郑美砚 张小琴
8 C.干水中的分子不再运动 D.干水是一种混合物
14.下列有关碳及其氧化物的说法错误的是 （ ） A．C0与C02 可用澄清石灰水区分 B．C0具有还原性，可用于铁的冶炼 C．C02的过多排放可导致酸雨的产生 D．金刚石和石墨结构中碳原子排列方式不同 15.下列关于O2和CO2的说法正确的是 （ ） A．都含有氧元素 B．都是氧化物 C．都含有氧气分子 D．都能使带有火星的木条复燃 16.下列有关说法错误的是 （ ） A.香烟的烟气中含有一氧化碳 B.空气中C02增加可能导致酸雨增多 C. 白色污染的消除办法是将废弃塑料就地焚烧 D.二氧化碳、甲烷都是能产生温室效应的气体 17. “归纳与比较”是化学学习的主要方法，下列关于CO2 与CO 的不同点比较错误的是 （ ） A组成：一个二氧化碳分子比一个一氧化碳分子多一个氧原子 B性质：CO2能溶于水，水溶液呈酸性；CO难溶于水，但能燃烧 C用途：CO2可用于光合作用、灭火等；CO可作燃料，还可用于人工降雨 D危害：CO2会造成“温室效应”；CO易与血液中的血红蛋白结合引起中毒 18.科学研究发现：金星大气层的成分之一是三氧化二碳（C2O3）,实验证明三氧化二碳的化学性质与一氧化碳相似。下列关于三氧化二碳的说法中，不正确的是 （ ） A. C2O3能使澄清石灰水变浑浊 B.C2O3在O2中充分燃烧的产物为CO2