北京市顺义牛栏山第一中学2020届高三上学期期中考试历史试题Word版含答案
北京市顺义区牛栏山第一中学2020届高三数学上学期期中试题(含解析)
牛栏山一中2019―2020学年度高三上学期期中考试数学试卷一、选择题：本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的一项.1.若集合{}2|3M x N x =∈<，则下列结论正确的是（ ）A. 1M -∈B. 2M ∈C. 0M ∈D.M【答案】C【解析】【分析】化简集合M ，即可得到正确结果.【详解】由23x <可得，x <x ∈N ，则{}0,1x ∈，即{}0,1M =. 故选：C.【点睛】本题考查元素与集合的关系，正确化简集合是解题的关键，属基础题.2.下列函数中，值域是[)0,+∞的是（ ）A. 2x y =B. 12y x -= C. sin y x = D.1y x =-【答案】D【解析】【分析】根据基本初等函数的性质依次判断每个选项的值域即可得到正确选项.【详解】选项A 中，2xy =的值域是()0,∞+，故不正确； 选项B 中，12y x -=的值域是()0,∞+，故不正确；选项C 中，sin y x =的值域是[]1,1-，故不正确；选项D 中，10y x =-≥，其值域是[)0,+∞，故D 正确.故选：D.【点睛】本题考查基本初等函数的值域，注意仔细审题，属基础题.3.1，a ，b ，c ，4成等比数列，则b =（ ）A. 2±B. 2C. -2D. 不确定【答案】B【解析】【分析】由等比中项的性质计算求解即可.【详解】依题意，由等比中项的性质可得，214b ac ==⨯，210a b b =⨯=>，则2b =. 故选：B.【点睛】本题考查等比数列的等比中项性质，注意仔细审题，认真计算，属基础题.4.若()1,1a =r ，)=r b ，则a r 与b r 的夹角为（ ） A. 15︒B. 30°C. 45︒D. 60︒【答案】A【解析】【分析】 根据平面向量的夹角公式即可计算得到.【详解】设a r 与b r 的夹角为θ，则cos cos(4530)cos15||||a b a b θ====-=o o o r r g r r ， 即15θ=o .故选：A.【点睛】本题考查平面向量的夹角公式以及两角差的余弦公式，要求熟练掌握公式的运用，属基础题.5.定义域均为R 的两个函数()f x ，()g x ，()()f x g x +为奇函数是()f x ，()g x 均为奇函数的（ ）A. 充分不必要条件B. 必要不充分条件C. 充分必要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件【答案】B【解析】【分析】首先证明不充分，通过举反例假设()1f x x =-，()1g x x =+即可；其次证明必要性，根据定义域和奇函数的定义证明()()h x h x -=-从而得到正确结果.【详解】首先证明不充分，假设()1f x x =-，()1g x x =+，则()()2f x g x x +=是奇函数，但是()f x ，()g x 都不是奇函数，故()()f x g x +为奇函数是()f x ，()g x 均为奇函数的不充分条件；其次证明必要性，若()f x ，()g x 均为奇函数，且定义域均为R ，设()()()h x f x g x =+， 则()()()()()[()()]()h x f x g x f x g x f x g x h x -=-+-=--=-+=-，所以()()()h x f x g x =+是奇函数，故()()f x g x +为奇函数是()f x ，()g x 均为奇函数的必要条件.综上，()()f x g x +为奇函数是()f x ，()g x 均为奇函数的必要不充分条件.故选：B.【点睛】本题考查充分条件和必要条件的判断及奇函数的定义，判断函数()f x 是奇函数，首先求定义域并判断是否关于原点对称，其次看是否满足()()f x f x -=-即可，属中档题.6.两点(),3Am ，()cos ,sin B θθ，在m ，θ变化过程中，AB 的最小值为（ ） A 1B. 2C. 3D. 与m 有关【答案】B【解析】分析】通过画图分析可知，点B 在以原点为圆心，半径为1的圆上，点A 在直线3y =上，利用直线与圆的位置关系即可求得结果.【详解】依题意，点B 在以原点为圆心，半径为1的圆上，即满足：221x y +=，如图：点A 在直线3y =上，易得圆心O 到直线的距离为3，则min 312AB =-=.故选：B.【点睛】本题考查直线与圆的位置关系，着重考查学生数形结合的思想和转化与化归的能力，属中档题.7.过曲线E ：24y x =的焦点F 并垂直于x 轴的直线与曲线E 交于A ，B ，A 在B 上方，M 为抛物线上一点，2OM OA OB λλ=+u u u u r u u u r u u u r ，则λ=（ ）A. 0B. 3C. 0或3D. 34 【答案】C【解析】【分析】根据抛物线方程可得A (1，2)，B (1，-2)，设点M 坐标为(a ，b )，代入曲线方程可得24b a =，由2OM OA OB λλ=+u u u u r u u u r u u u r 得32a b λλ=⎧⎨=-⎩，代入24b a =即可求出λ. 【详解】由题中条件可得焦点为(1,0)F ，即可求得：A (1，2)，B (1，-2)，设点M 坐标为(a ，b )，代入曲线方程可得24b a =，由2OM OA OB λλ=+u u u u r u u u r u u u r，得(,)(,2)(2,4)(3,2)a b λλλλλλ=+-=-， 即32a b λλ=⎧⎨=-⎩，又因为24b a =，化简得2412λλ=，解得λ=0或3. 故选：C.【点睛】本题主要考查抛物线的性质和平面向量的基本知识，注意仔细审题，认真计算，属中档题.8.如图，平面内两条直线1l 和2l 相交于点O ，构成的四个角中的锐角为60︒.对于平面上任意一点M ，若p ，q 分别是M 到直线1l 和2l 的距离，则称有序非负实数对(),p q 是点M 的“距离坐标”，给出下列四个命题：①()1,0点有且仅有两个；②()2,3点有且仅有4个；③若2p q =，则点M 的轨迹是两条过O 点的直线；④满足221p q +=的所有点(),p q 位于一个圆周上. 其中正确命题的个数是（ ）A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4【答案】C【解析】【分析】 通过画图分析依次判断每个命题的真假，尤其是第四个命题，可举出反例判断其错误即可.【详解】命题①，如图，有且只有两个点的距离坐标为()1,0，即命题①正确.命题②，如图，虚线分别为到两条直线的距离为2和3的平行直线，四条虚线总共4个交点，故()2,3点有且仅有4个，即命题②正确；命题③，如图，点M 的轨迹是两条过O 点的直线l 3和l 4，即命题③正确；命题④，如图，(0,1)M 和(1,0)M 分别在直线l 1和l 2上，易得123||sin 60OM ==o M 都在以O 23的圆上， 设点22,22A ，即点A 到两条直线的距离都是22，且满足221p q +=， 由几何关系可得，223||2223OA =⨯=>，即点A 在圆O 外，故命题④错误. 综上，正确命题为①②③.故选：C. 【点睛】本题考查新定义问题，着重考查学生的信息迁移能力，判断命题真假通过举反例进行排除可以适当提高解题效率，属难题.二、填空题：本大题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分.9.复数11i z i +=-的虚部为__________.【答案】1【解析】【分析】根据复数的除法计算即可得到结果. 【详解】()()()()11121112i i i i z i i i i +++====--+，则11i z i+=-的虚部为1. 故答案为：1.【点睛】本题考查复数的概念和除法运算，属基础题.10.数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，若22n n S n =+，则3a =_______.【答案】9【解析】【分析】由332a S S =-计算求解即可.【详解】依题意，()()232233232229a S S =-=+-+=.故答案为：9.【点睛】本题考查n S 和n a 的关系，注意仔细审题，认真计算，属基础题. 11.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，双曲线C ：()222210,0x y a b a b-=>>的左、右焦点分别为1F ，2F ，以2F 为圆心，a 为半径的圆与双曲线的渐近线相切，则双曲线的渐近线方程为_______.【答案】y x =±【解析】【分析】画出图象并结合已知可得，点2(,0)F c 到渐近线b y x a=的距离等于a ，由此列出等式求出a b =，从而得到渐近线方程.【详解】如图，点2(,0)F c 到渐近线b y x a=的距离等于a ，渐近线方程变形为：0bx ay -=，则22||bc a b a =+，又222+=a b c ，整理得，a b =，则双曲线的渐近线方程为y x =±.故答案为：y x =±.【点睛】本题考查双曲线的性质、直线与圆的位置关系，注意仔细审题，认真计算，属中档题.12.如图是以C 为圆心的一个圆，其中弦AB 的长为2 ，则AC AB ⋅=u u u r u u u r_______.【答案】2【解析】【分析】作CD AB ⊥交AB 于D ，则12AC AD DC AB DC =+=+u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r ，由此计算求解AC AB ⋅u u u r u u u r 即可得到结果.【详解】如图，作CD AB ⊥交AB 于D ，则12AC AD DC AB DC =+=+u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r ，则211()222AC AB AB DC AB AB ⋅=+⋅==u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r . 故答案为：2.【点睛】本题考查平面向量的几何应用，此类题型一般需要结合平面向量的基本定理进行计算化简，属中档题.13.里氏震级M 的计算公式为：M=lgA ﹣lgA 0，其中A 是测震仪记录的地震曲线的最大振幅，是相应的标准地震的振幅，假设在一次地震中，测震仪记录的最大振幅是1000，此时标准地震的振幅A 0为0.001，则此次地震的震级为 级；9级地震的最大的振幅是5级地震最大振幅的 倍．【答案】6，10000【解析】【详解】试题分析：根据题意中的假设，可得M=lgA ﹣lgA 0=lg1000﹣lg0.001=6；设9级地震的最大的振幅是x ，5级地震最大振幅是y ，9=lgx+3，5=lgy+3，由此知9级地震的最大的振幅是5级地震最大振幅的10000倍．解：根据题意，假设在一次地震中，测震仪记录的最大振幅是1000，此时标准地震的振幅为0.001，则M=lgA ﹣lgA 0=lg1000﹣lg0.001=3﹣（﹣3）=6．设9级地震的最大的振幅是x ，5级地震最大振幅是y ，9=lgx+3，5=lgy+3，解得x=106，y=102， ∴62101000010x y ==． 故答案耿：6，10000．点评：本题考查对数的运算法则，解题时要注意公式的灵活运用．14.已知()()111,01x f x a x a x +=-->>-，()f x 与x 轴交点A ，若对于()f x 图像上任意一点P ，在其图像上总存在另一点Q (P ，Q 异于A )，满足AP AQ ⊥，且AP AQ =，则a =________.【解析】【分析】令()121011x f x a a x x +=--=-=--，可得21,0A a ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭，画出函数图像，设()00,P x y ，(),Q x y ''，由几何关系可得002(1)21y x a x y a⎧=-+⎪⎪⎨⎪+'-=⎩'⎪，化简可得00221,1Q y x a a ⎛⎫+++- ⎪⎝⎭，可得与点Q 关于轴的对称点000221,1P y x aa ⎛⎫++- ⎪⎝⎭-，又点()00,P x y ，000221,1P y x a a ⎛⎫++- ⎪⎝⎭-均在曲线21y a x =--上，则()()()0000122212x y a y x a a a ⎧-+=⎪⎨⎛⎫⎡⎤+--+= ⎪⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦⎩，消去01x -并整理得()230420a y a a -+-=，根据条件可知，220a -=，且340a a-=，a >0，从而计算求解即可得到结果.【详解】依题意，()12111x f x a a x x +=--=---，令201a x -=-，则21,0A a ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭， 设()00,P x y ，由图像可知，P ，Q 位于点A 的两侧，又因为AP AQ ⊥，且||||AP AQ =，且P ，Q 的纵横坐标均大于零， 不妨假设点P 在点A 左侧，所以021x a<+，设(),Q x y ''， 由几何关系可得，PAB QAC ∆≅∆，则PB AC =，AB QC =，即002(1)21y x a x y a ⎧=-+⎪⎪⎨⎪+'-=⎩'⎪，化简可得00221,1Q y x a a ⎛⎫+++- ⎪⎝⎭，由图像可知，与点Q 关于轴的对称点000221,1P y x aa ⎛⎫++-⎪⎝⎭-，则点()00,P x y ，000221,1P y x a a ⎛⎫++-⎪⎝⎭-均在曲线21y a x =--上， 则()()()0000122212x y a y x a a a ⎧-+=⎪⎨⎛⎫⎡⎤+--+= ⎪⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦⎩， 消去01x -得，2000222a y a ay a a y a⎛⎫-+ ⎪+⎝⎭⋅=+， 整理得，()230420a y a a -+-=， 依题意知()230420a y a a -+-=与0y 无关，所以220a -=，且340a a-=，a >0，解得a =.【点睛】本题考查函数综合，着重考查学生的数学运算和推理能力，求出P ，Q 两点的坐标关系是解决本题的关键，属难题.三、解答题：（本大题共6个题，共计80分.解答应写出文字说明，演算步骤或证明过程） 15.在ABC ∆中，222a c b ac +=+． （1）求B Ð的大小；（2）若6a c +=，ABC ∆的面积为b . 【答案】（1）60B =︒；（2）b =【解析】 【分析】（1）结合已知和余弦定理即可求出1cos 2B =，从而得到60B =︒； （2）由1sin 2ac B =()22223b a c ac a c ac =+-=+-即可计算求得b . 【详解】（1）因为222a cb ac +-=，由余弦定理，222cos 2a c b B ac+-=，所以1cos 2B =，因为0180B <<︒，所以60B =︒； （2）1sin 232ac B =，所以8ac =，因为222a c ac b +-=，即()223a c ac b +-=， 因为6a c +=，所以23b =.【点睛】本题考查余弦定理和面积公式的应用，要求熟记公式并能熟练运用，属基础题. 16.如图，在四棱锥P ABCD -中，PA ⊥底面ABCD ，23PA AB BC ===，AC CD ⊥，60ABC ∠=︒，E 是PC 的中点．（1）证明CD AE ⊥； （2）若AB AD ⊥，（i ）求直线PC 与平面AEB 所成角的正弦值； （ii ）设平面AEB 与侧棱PD 交于F ，求PFFD. 【答案】（1）见解析；（2）（i 42；（ii ）34PF FD = 【解析】 【分析】（1）证明PA CD ⊥，AC CD ⊥即可证CD ⊥面PAC ，从而得到结论；（2）（i ）以A 为原点，AB 为x 轴，AD 为y 轴，AP 为z 轴建立空间直角坐标系，求出相关点和向量的坐标，列方程求出面ABE 的法向量为n r，最后利用公式sin cos ,PC nθ=u u u r r 即可得到结果；（ii ）根据（i ）的结论，设(),,F x y z ，则()01PF FD λλ=≤≤u u u r u u u r ，由此计算得到()0,4,2323AF λλ=u u u r ，又0AF n ⋅=u u u r r ，求出37λ=，从而得到结果.【详解】（1）因为PA ⊥面ABCD ，CD ⊂平面ABCD ，所以PA CD ⊥， 因为AC CD ⊥，AC PA A ⋂=，所以CD ⊥面PAC ，因为AE ⊂平面PAC ，所以CD AE ⊥；（2）（i ）以A 为原点，AB 为x 轴，AD 为y 轴，AP 为z 轴建立空间直角坐标系：则()23,0,0B ，(0,0,23P ，)3,3,0C，33,322E ⎛ ⎝， 所以3332AE =⎝u u u r ，()23,0,0AB =u u ur ，3,3,23PC =-u u u r .设面ABE 的法向量为()000,,n x y z =r ，则0AB n AE n ⎧⋅=⎨⋅=⎩u u u v vu u u v v ，所以(0,3n =-r ， 设直线PC 与面ABE 所成角为θ，42sin cos ,7PC n PC n PC nθ⋅===u u u r ru u u r r u u u r r ，故直线PC 与平面AEF 所成角的正弦值为427； （ii ）()0,4,0D ，(0,4,23PD =-u u u r ，设(),,F x y z ，()01PF PD λλ=≤≤u u u r u u u r，((,,230,4,23x y z λ-=-，042323x y z λλ⎧=⎪=⎨⎪=⎩，所以()0,4,2323F λλ，则()0,4,2323AF λλ=u u u r，又0AF n ⋅=u u u r r ，所以37λ=，所以34PF FD =. 【点睛】本题考查线面垂直的判定定理和立体几何的向量方法，要求认真计算，仔细检查，属中档题.17.设数列{}n a 是公比大于1的等比数列，n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和，已知37S =，且1233,3,4a a a ++构成等差数列.（I ）求数列{}n a 的通项公式；（II ）令31ln ,1,2,3,n n b a n +==…，求数列{}n b 的前项的和n T . 【答案】（I ）；(Ⅱ).【解析】【详解】试题分析：（I ）设出等比数列的公式，由已知列出首项和公比的方程组，求解方程组得首项和公比，然后代入等比数列的通项公式可得答案；（II ）把21n a +代入21ln n n b a +=，得到数列{}n b 为等差数列，然后利用等差数列的前n 项和公式，即可求解数列的和． 试题解析：（Ⅰ)由已知得解得设数列公比为，有，化简，解得，，所以数列的通项公式(Ⅱ)由，又，所以是等差数列所以考点：等差数列与等比数列的通项公式；数列求和．18.设A 为椭圆E ：()222210x y a b a b+=>>的下顶点，椭圆长半轴的长等于椭圆的短轴长，且椭圆E 经过点3⎛ ⎝⎭. （1）求椭圆的方程；（2）过点A 的直线与直线2y =-交于点M ，与椭圆交于B ，点B 关于原点的对称点为C ，直线AC 交直线2y =-交于点N ，求MN 的最小值.【答案】（1）2214x y +=；（2）MN 的最小值为4 【解析】 【分析】（1）依题意2a b =，则222214x y b b +=，代入⎛ ⎝⎭求解即可得到结果；（2）由题意可知直线的斜率存在且不为0，设直线AB 的方程为1y kx =-，联立12y kx y =-⎧⎨=-⎩，得到1,2M k ⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭，联立22114y kx x y =-⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩，得到222841,1414k k B k k ⎛⎫- ⎪++⎝⎭，222814,1414k k C k k ⎛⎫-- ⎪++⎝⎭，结合点A 可得直线AC 的方程为14x y k =--，当2y =-时求得()4,2N k -，所以14MN k k=+，不妨设0k >，再利用基本不等式即可求出最小值. 【详解】（1）依题意2a b =，则222214x y b b +=，代入⎛ ⎝⎭，解得21b =，所以2214x y +=； （2）由题意可知直线的斜率存在且不为0，设直线AB 的方程为1y kx =-，12y kx y =-⎧⎨=-⎩，1x k =-，所以1,2M k ⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭， 22114y kx x y =-⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩，消去y 得()221480k x kx +-=，解得2814B k x k =+，224114B k y k -=+， 所以222841,1414k k B k k ⎛⎫- ⎪++⎝⎭，则222814,1414k k C k k ⎛⎫-- ⎪++⎝⎭，所以直线AC 的斜率2221411148414ACk k k k k k-++==--+， 直线AC 的方程为14xy k=--，当2y =-时，4x k =，所以()4,2N k -，则14MN k k =+，不妨设0k >，144MN k k =+≥=，当且仅当14k k =即12k =时等号成立，所以MN 的最小值为4.【点睛】本题考查椭圆的方程和直线与椭圆的位置关系，注意考虑直线的斜率是否存在，是否为0等特殊情况，着重考查学生的数学运算能力，属难题.19.已知函数()28f x x x =-+，()6ln g x x m =+（1）若曲线()y f x =与曲线()y g x =在它们的公共点处且有公共切线，求m 的值； （2）若存在实数n 使不等式()()f x g x >的解集为()0,n ，求实数m 的取值范围. 【答案】（1）7m =或156ln3m =-；（2）()(),7156ln3,-∞-+∞U 【解析】 【分析】（1）分别对两个函数求导，设交点坐标为()00,x y ，代入两个导数中令其相等即可求解m ； （2）设()()()()286ln 0h x f x g x x x x m x =-=-+-->，求导研究函数()h x 的极值，得到极小值()17h m =-，极大值()3156ln3h m =--，则存在实数n 使不等式()()f x g x >的解集为()0,n 的必要条件为：()10h >或()30h <，后面再证明充分性即可得到m 的取值范围.【详解】（1）()28f x x x =-+，()28f x x '=-+，()6ln g x x m =+，()6g x x'=， 设交点坐标为()00,x y ，所以00628x x -+=，解得03x =或01x =， 当01x =时，0y m =且07y =，所以7m =，当03x =，015y =，所以6ln315m +=，所以156ln3m =-； （2）()()()()286ln 0h x f x g x x x x m x =-=-+-->，()()()2236'28x x h x x x x-+-=-+-=，令()'0h x =，得1x =或3，极小值()17h m =-，极大值()3156ln3h m =--，若存在实数n 使不等式()()f x g x >的解集为()0,n 的必要条件为：()10h >或()30h <，解得7m <或156ln3m >-， 当7m <时，()10h >，令0842x =>，则()00h x <，所以在()3,+∞存在唯一的零点n 使得()0h x >的解集为()0,n ，满足题意. 当156ln31m >->时，601me -<<，当01x <<时，()2880x x x x -+=->，所以60m h e -⎛⎫> ⎪⎝⎭，所以在6,1m e -⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭存在唯一的零点n 使得()0h x >的解集为()0,n ，满足题意.综上所述，存在实数n 使不等式()()f x g x >的解集为()0,n 的m 取值范围为()(),7156ln3,-∞-+∞U .【点睛】本题考查函数的单调性、极值等基本知识，考查运用导数研究函数性质的方法，考查运算能力，考查函数与方程、数形结合等数学思想方法和分析问题、解决问题的能力，属难度较高的题.20.对于正整数集合{}()*12,,,,3n A a a a n N n =⋅⋅⋅∈≥，如果任意去掉其中一个元素()1,2,,i a i n =⋅⋅⋅之后，剩余的所有元素组成的集合都能分为两个交集为空集的集合，且这两个集合的所有元素之和相等，就称集合A 为“可分集合”.（1）判断集合{}1,2,3,4,5和{}1,3,5,7,9,11,13是否是“可分集合”（不必写过程）； （2）求证：五个元素的集合{}12345,,,,A a a a a a =一定不是“可分集合”； （3）若集合{}()*12,,,,3n A a a a n N n =⋅⋅⋅∈≥是“可分集合”.①证明：n 为奇数；②求集合A 中元素个数的最小值.【答案】（1）集合{}1,2,3,4,5不是“可分集合”，集合{}1,3,5,7,9,11,13是“可分集合”；（2）见解析；（3）①见解析；②最小值是7 【解析】【分析】（1）根据定义直接判断即可得到结论；（2）不妨设12345a a a a a <<<<，若去掉的元素为2a ，则有1534a a a a +=+①，或者5134a a a a =++②；若去掉的元素为1a ，则有2534a a a a +=+③，或者5234a a a a =++④，求解四个式子可得出矛盾，从而证明结论；（3）①设集合{}12,,,n A a a a =L 所有元素之和为M ，由题可知，()1,2,,i M a i n -=L 均为偶数，因此()1,2,,i a i n =L 均为奇数或偶数.分类讨论M 为奇数和M 为偶数的情况，分析可得集合A 中元素个数n 为奇数；②结合（1）（2）问，依次验证当3n =时，当5n =时，当7n =时集合A 是否为“可分集合”，从而证明结论.【详解】（1）集合{}1,2,3,4,5不是“可分集合”，集合{}1,3,5,7,9,11,13是“可分集合”； （2）不妨设12345a a a a a <<<<，若去掉的元素为2a ，将集合{}1345,,,a a a a 分成两个交集为空集的子集，且两个子集元素之和相等，则有1534a a a a +=+①，或者5134a a a a =++②；若去掉的元素为1a ，将集合{}2345,,,a a a a 分成两个交集为空集的子集，且两个子集元素之和相等，则有2534a a a a +=+③，或者5234a a a a =++④. 由①、③，得12a a =，矛盾；由①、④，得12a a =-，矛盾； 由②、③，得12a a =-，矛盾；由②、④，得12a a =，矛盾. 因此当5n =时，集合A 一定不是“可分集合”； （3）①设集合{}12,,,n A a a a =L 所有元素之和为M .由题可知，()1,2,,i M a i n -=L 均为偶数，因此()1,2,,i a i n =L 均为奇数或偶数. 如果M 为奇数，则()1,2,,i a i n =L 也均为奇数，由于12n M a a a =+++L ，所以n 为奇数.如果M 为偶数，则()1,2,,i a i n =L 均为偶数，此时设2i i a b =，则{}12,,,n b b b L 也是“可分集合”. 重复上述操作有限次，便可得各项均为奇数的“可分集合”. 此时各项之和也为奇数，则集合A 中元素个数n 为奇数. 综上所述，集合A 中元素个数为奇数.②当3n =时，显然任意集合{}123,,a a a 不是“可分集合”.当5n =时，第（2）问已经证明集合{}12345,,,,A a a a a a =不是“可分集合”. 当7n =时，集合{}1,3,5,7,9,11,13A =，因为：3+5+7+9=11+13，1+9+13=5+7+11，9+13=1+3+7+11，1+3+5+11=7+13， 1+9+11=3+5+13，3+7+9=1+5+13，1+3+5+9=7+11， 则集合A 是“可分集合”.所以集合A 中元素个数n 的最小值是7.【点睛】本题考查新定义下的集合问题，对此类题型首先要多读几遍题，将新定义理解清楚，然后根据定义验证，证明即可，注意对问题思考的全面性，考查学生的思维迁移能力、分析能力，属于难度较高的创新题.。
2019-2020学年北京顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案
2019-2020学年北京顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Fall 2020 Cookbooks Worth Your Time (and Money)Be My GuestFrom Priya Basil, this book is a self-reflection on how food and the act of serving it are used to express love and support. Basil reflects on some of her earliest memories of food and how it affected her upbringing and relationship with her parents. Now a parent herself, she centers food in her book's exploration of that change of identity.EastFrom Guardian columnist Meera Sodha comes a cookbook centered on vegetables. The book features recipes that cover a variety of Asian cuisines. Sodha showcases the diversity of vegetarian cooking with dishes like eggplant larb mushroom bao, Singapore noodles and so much more.I Cook in ColorA follow-up from her first cookbook My Two Souths, Asha Gomez focuses on the rainbow of vegetables to create desserts and cross-cultural dishes that associate cooking traditions of her mother's Keralite kitchen and Gomez's travel experiences.Time to EatIf you're a fan of The Great British Baking Show and Nadiya Hussain's Netflix series, you'll be just as excited for the American release of this book of time-saving tips for home cooks on a budget. It's a book to go to for inspiration that doesn't involve countless hours of sweating over a hot stove.1.What can we learn about the author ofBe My Guest?A.She had a bad relationship with her parents.B.She began to cook food in her early childhood.C.She considers food a means of expressing affection.D.She explores in the book how to be a grandparent.2.What do theEastandI Cook in Colorhave in common?A.They offer recipes about Asian cuisines.B.They center on cooking vegetables.C.They are the author's first cookbooks.D.They are based on the author's travel experiences.3.Which book can you refer toif you just have limited time for cooking?A.Be My Guest.B.East.C.I Cook in Color.D.Time to Eat.BSusan Scott, 71, is glad that she didn't think about her age when she took up bodybuilding at the age of 59.“I reinvent myself every ten years. I started my 60s as a bodybuilderand now I'm beginning my 70s as a writer,” she said. “People usually limit themselves by age, and it's discouraging. With age, I remain young at heart.”Dr Susan started bodybuilding at an age when most are considering retirement though she was an athlete from an early age. As a child in Venezuela, she took to gymnastics and later graduated with a physical education degree.Then she obtained a master's degree in education and later a Ph. D. in Adult Personal Development. She taught at Cambridge Rindge and Latin High School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, for 16 years, while raising two daughters.“I started bodybuilding when I met Steve Pfiester, a gym guy who practiced yoga. He invited me to his gym and offered to train me. I started in January and in June he took me to my first competition in Bradenton, Florida,” she recalled.Dr Susan's photos show that she has devoted long hours to taking care of her body. But she also develops her mind and spirit. On any given day, she gets up at 3 am to read books. At 4:30 am she's out to walk three miles and run another three. This is followed by yoga and a swim at the beach while the sun rises. After writing her journal and working on her book between 8 and 10 am, she hits the gym for at least two hours. “I don't lose track of time,” she said.Dr Susan's war on ageism has rubbed off on her two daughters, both in their early thirties. “They both take care of their bodies and minds. If you give them a good foundation as a parent, you know that they will always come back to their roots. I tried to remind myself of that during their difficult teen years.”4. What's Dr Susan's opinion on age?A. Age cannot be hidden.B. Age is a state of mind.C. Every age has its pains and sorrows.D. Old age is not suitable for further study.5. What made Dr Susan start bodybuilding?A. The need of her job.B. Her youthful dream.C. Steve Pfiester's influence.D. Her daughters' encouragement.6. Which of the following best describes Dr Susan's morning schedule?A. Dull.B. Tight.C. Flexible.D. Controversial.7. What can be inferred about Dr Susan from the last paragraph?A. She will set up a fitness foundation.B. She will soon return to retirement.C. She often thinks of her teenage years.D. She sets an example to her daughters.CEven as Google plans to test its fleet (车队) of self-driving cars on public roads this summer, its business model remains abit of a mystery. By 2025, as many as 250,000 self-driving vehicles could be sold each year globally, according to a study by an industry research firm.“Vehicles that can take anyone from A to B at the push of a button could transform mobility for millions of people,” said Chris Urmson, director of Google’s self-driving car project. For now, Google has no plans to sell any of its self-driving cars. They are strictly for research. But they will hit public roads this summer near Google’s headquarters inMountain View,California. Previous testing has taken place only on closed courses.The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel, accelerator (油门) or brake pedal. “Our software and sensors do all the work,” Urmson said. “The vehicles will be very basic — we want to learn from them and adapt them as quickly as possible — but they will take you where you want to go at the push of a button.” The prototype (雏形) is the first of a 100-car fleet the tech giant is building.In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads — the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error — and fewer traffic jams. Robotic cars could also shuttle people who can’t drive because of age or illness.Google has said that self-driving cars could launch new business models in which people buy the use of vehicles they don’t own. The company has already tested other types of self-driving cars on public streets, including modified Lexus sport-utility vehicles, under a special permit program by the California Department of Motor Vehicles that requires a human driver at the controls.The state has issued six other companies permits to operate such cars, includingDelphi, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Tesla, Bosch and Nissan. The vehicles that will be tested on open roads this summer will have removable steering wheels, accelerators and brake pedals to allow “safety drivers” to take control if needed.8. According to Chris Urmson, __________.A. self-driving cars can give driving orders to humansB. self-driving cars are specially designed for the elderlyC. software and sensors are vital for self-driving carsD. ordinary vehicles will be replaced by self-driving cars9. Paragraph 4 is meant to tell us that __________.A. many traffic accidents are caused by human errorB. some people can’t drive because of illness or ageC. Urmson has promised to create safer roads in the futureD. self-driving cars will probably help to make safer roads and decrease traffic jams10. The underlined word “issued” in the last paragraph can probably bereplaced by__________.A. givenB. claimedC. awardedD. prohibited11. What’s the author’s attitude towards self-driving cars?A. Objective.B. Indifferent.C. Subjective.D. Favorable.DEveryone can be angry. But if you take the time to actually examine your anger instead of just “feeling” angry, you’ll have a better understanding of yourself. Knowing why you feel so angry can provide you with some surprising answers. These answers can enable you to suddenly grow spiritually and mentally.I can give you a personal example. I went to a meeting once and I was verbally attacked over an application I supported at my workplace. Various people went on and on about how terrible this system was and that it never worked. That didn’t bother me that much. I was used to that but one of the comments that was said was, “Your job is pointless.” This really upset meand at the time, I was ly furious(发怒地) with that comment.I was so angry and upset that they would treat me that way. Once I took the time to think about what was really making me so mad. I learned a lot. I realized that the comment was more truethan I wanted to admit. In the big scheme of things, my job was pointless. It wasn’t what I really wanted to be doing with my life and this waswhat frustrated me the most. Here I was pouring part of my heart and soul into a job I didn’t even really want to do. I was using it as a crutch(拐杖) because I didn’t have the confidence in myself to take the scary road towards what I really wanted to do. As soon as I realized that, a lot of my anger just melted away. I also realized that I needed to start focusing on what I really wanted to do.I now consider this incident as a great gift It got me back on track to moving in the direction I wanted to go with my life. I probably wouldn’t be where I am today if I hadn’t taken the time to figure out why I was really so angry.12. What made the author angry at the meeting?A. The system of the company was terrible.B. Someone said his job is insignificant.C. The policy of the company didn’t work.D. The application he supported was of no effect.13. What brought down the anger of the author?A. The apology someone made at the meeting.B. The crutch he used to take the scary road.C. His awareness of the fact that the comment was true.D. The courage he had to overcome the challenges.14. Why did the author consider the incident as a gift?A. It brought him back on track to the goal.B. It helped him get promoted to a higher position.C. It helped him change his character since then.D. It provided him with confidence in his career.15. What can be the best title of the passage?A. How to Cope with Verbal Attack in a CompanyB. Avoid Being Pointless at WorkC. Anger Is Harmful to HealthD. Understanding Yourself Better Through Anger第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
北京市顺义牛栏山第一中学2020届高三上学期期中考试语文试卷
语文试题（考试时间150分钟满分150分）一、本大题共7小题，共20分。
阅读下面材料，完成1～7题。
材料一作为宋代词人中的杰出代表，苏轼开创性地将“豪放”的词风与本属“婉约”的词体统一在了一起。
这种统一，固然离不开苏轼横溢的天才，但当考察苏轼的宦迹行踪的时候，我们会发现：豪放词的出现，无疑受了地域文化的强烈影响；豪放风格与词体的和谐统一，在某种意义上说也是创作者对不同地域文化进行整合的结果。
熙宁七年（1074年）十二月，苏轼到密州任知州，至熙宁九年（1076年）十一月离任。
在密州的两年，苏轼词的创作进入了一个非常关键的转折时期，虽然创作数量不如杭州时期多，但这时苏轼开始有意识地追求词体“自是一家”的面目，使自己的作品“一扫绮．罗香泽之态”，在词的创作上真正走向了成熟。
《江城子》（老夫聊发少年狂）、《水调歌头》（明月几时有）等脍．炙人口的名篇就产生于这一时期。
苏轼创作上的这些变化，与密州的民风以及文化传统有着密切的关系。
密州，北宋时属京东路。
《宋史·地理志》说京东路的人“大率东人皆朴鲁纯真，甚者失之滞固”，欧阳修也说“河朔．之俗，不知嬉游”。
并且，由于是孔子的故乡，京东路儒学相当兴盛，“专经之士为多”。
密州一带的京东人在北宋以强悍勇武闻名。
围猎是密州人生活内容中重要的一部分，苏轼知密州后，便时常参与其中。
密州特定的文化环境对苏轼词风改变的影响力是不能低估的。
作为苏轼革新词体的背景，文化氛围、地域民风以及文学传统，这些因素我们不能轻易地忽视。
深沉厚重的儒学传统，会促使作者在词作中更多更深地寄托自己的政治怀抱；纯朴而“不知嬉游”的民风，也会促使作者进一步减少词这种体裁中固有的脂．粉气；而以习武知兵为重要目的的围猎活动，慷慨悲歌的文学传统，更无疑会有助于作品豪壮风格的发扬。
而苏轼在密州这一时段的创作，正体现出这一倾向。
可以说，是密州特定的文化环境、文化氛围促使苏轼自觉地以豪壮的声调、超越的意识入词，最终使词这种体裁完成了从伶工歌女之歌词向士大夫抒情言志诗体的转变，词体的疆域也因此而得到了极大的拓展。
2020届北京市顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三生物上学期期中考试试卷及答案
2020届北京市顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三生物上学期期中考试试卷及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.完成反射的结构基础是（）A. 刺激B. 兴奋C. 神经中枢D. 反射弧2.孟德尔利用“假说一演绎法”发现了两大遗传定律。
下列关于孟德尔研究过程的分析正确的是（）A. 孟德尔发现的遗传定律可以解释所有有性生殖生物的遗传现象B. 提出问题建立在碗豆纯合亲本杂交和F1自交遗传实验的基础上C. 孟德尔假说的核心内容足“生物体能产生数量相等的雌雄配子”D. 为了验证假说是否正确孟德尔设计并完成了正、反交实验3.下列有关神经系统的叙述，不正确的是（）A. 大脑皮层主要是由神经元胞体及其树突构成的B. 大脑皮层运动代表区范围的大小与躯体中相应部位的大小不成比例C 排尿反射过程中既有分级调节也有反馈调节D. 大脑皮层言语区的H区受损，不能听见别人讲话的声音4.下列关于脂肪和糖类的叙述正确的是（）A.植物脂肪大多含饱和脂肪酸，在室温时呈液态，大多数动物脂肪含不饱和脂肪酸，室温时呈固态B.脂肪分子中氢含量低于糖类，氧含量高于糖类C.不同脂质的分子结构差异不大，通常都不溶于水，易溶于脂溶性有机溶剂D.在一定条件下，糖类可以大量转化为脂肪，但脂肪不能大量转化为糖类5.真核生物细胞中DNA的分布场所是（）A.细胞核B.细胞核和细胞质C.线粒体和叶绿体D.细胞核和细胞质基质6.将植物横放，测量根和茎生长素浓度与其生长状况的关系如甲图所示，则曲线上P点最可能对应于乙图中的位置是（）A.aB.bC.cD.d7.酶和ATP在生物体的生命活动中发挥着重要的作用，下列有关酶和ATP的叙述，不正确的是()A.酶都是在核糖体上合成并经内质网和高尔基体加工的B.ATP中的“A”与构成DNA、RNA中的碱基“A”不是同一物质C.常温常压下，要使过氧化氢溶液迅速放出大量的氧气，可以加入过氧化氢酶D.人体成熟的红细胞、蛙的红细胞、鸡的红细胞中均能合成ATP8.如图表示寒冷环境中的体温调节过程，下列相关叙述中，正确的是A.感受外界环境温度变化的感受器和体温调节中枢都在下丘脑中B.甲的含义是汗液分泌减少，毛细血管舒张C.如果乙表示激素的作用，则涉及的主要是甲状腺激素和肾上腺素D.如果丙表示相关骨骼肌的活动，则通过战栗增加无氧呼吸的强度9.下列有关生物学实验或科学探究活动的叙述，错误的是（）A.依据电镜照片制作的细胞亚显微结构三维动画属于物理模型B.探究不同光照强度对光合作用的影响时应避免温度等其他因素对实验结果造成的影响C.渗透现象演示装置中半透膜两侧溶液浓度相等后漏斗中液面不再上升D.分离叶绿素色素时滤纸条上色素带的清晰度受二氧化硅、碳酸钙用量以及叶龄等因素的影响10.建设绿色“一路一带”，沙漠防治的先锋树种是沙柳，为提高沙柳成活率，常常需要对沙柳掐尖留芽并摘除一定量成熟叶片。
2020届北京市顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三生物上学期期中试卷及参考答案
2020届北京市顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三生物上学期期中试卷及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 在某动物的一个以肌肉为效应器的反射弧中，如果传出神经受到损伤，而其它部位正常，感受器受到刺激后，该动物将表现为（）A. 有感觉，肌肉有收缩反应B. 失去感觉，肌肉无收缩反应C. 有感觉，肌肉无收缩反应D. 失去感觉，肌肉有收缩反应2. 有三个核酸分子，经分析可知，共有五种碱基、八种核苷酸、四条核苷酸链，它们是（）A.一个DNA分子，两个RNA分子B.三个DNA分子C.两个DNA分子，一个RNA分子D.三个RNA分子3. 碳元素是构成细胞的最基本元素，对此最有说服力的解释是（）A. 碳在细胞的各种化合物中含量最多B. 碳在自然界中含量最为丰富C. 在细胞各种化合物中都含有碳D. 碳链构成了有机物的基本骨架4. 如果有25个初级卵母细胞，5个初级精母细胞，它们都正常发育并受精，最多能形成受精卵数目是（）A.15个B.25个C.10个D.20个5. 双缩脲试剂（A液：0.1g/mL的NaOH溶液，B液：0.01g/mL的CusO4溶液）可以用来检测生物组织中是否存在蛋白质。
下列操作步骤正确的是（）A. 待测组织样液→加入B液1mL→注入A液4滴→观察颜色变化B. 待测组织样液→加入A液1mL→注入B液4滴→观察颜色变化C. 待测组织样液→加入A液和B液的混合液1mL→水浴加热→观察颜色变化D. 待测组织样液→加入A液1mL→注入B液4滴→水浴加热→观察颜色变化6. 用放射性同位素标记的某种氨基酸培养胰腺细胞，最后测出细胞分泌物带有放射性的胰岛素．如果用仪器测试放射性在细胞中出现的顺序，这个顺序最可能是（）①线粒体①核糖体①内质网①染色体①高尔基体①细胞膜①细胞核．A. ①①①①①B. ①①①①C. ①①①①①D. ①①①①①7. 为研究神经元之间的相互作用，分别用适宜强度的刺激进行如下实验：①只刺激a神经元，①只刺激b神经元，①先刺激a立即再刺激b。
2020年北京顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案
2020年北京顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ARome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 anight, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.Yellow HostelIf I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.Hostel Alessandro PalaceIf you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.Youth Station HostelIf you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.Hotel and Hostel Des ArtistesHotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.1.What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?fort.B.Security.C.Price.D.Location.2.Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?A.Yellow Hostel.B.Hostel Alessandro Palace.C.Youth Station Hostel.D.Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.3.What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?A.It gets noisy at night.B.Its staff is too talkative.C.It charges for Wi-Fi.D.It’s inconveniently located.BGetting drunk on ice cream used to be the stuff of dreams, but thanks to Will Rogers, inventor and owner of WDS Dessert Stations in Hinkley, Illinois, it has become a delicious reality. The Below Zero icecream machine uses a unique technique to freeze alcohol, which allows you to turn beers, cocktails and even spirits (烈酒) into delicious soft —serve ice cream.Rogers was trying to create a highly — caffeinated espresso ice cream flavor when he realized hecould use the same technique with alcoholic beverages. He started experimenting with various gums and stabilizers commonly used in the ice cream industry and eventually patented something called the NEA gel. It’s this magical concoction (调制品) that allows the alcohol to freeze to a near solid inside the Below Zero ice cream machine.Even though Below Zero changes the texture (质地) of beer, cocktails and even spirits, essentially turning them into soft —serve ice cream, it does not affect the alcohol contentat all. The ABV (酒精度) remains exactly the same, which means you can get drunk on ice — cream just as you would on the same concoctions in liquid form.Will Rogers claims that it takes around 30 minutes for beer to go from liquid to ice cream form, but higher alcohol content drinks take longer. Essentially, the higher the alcohol level, the longer the wait.The American inventor plans to sell Below Zero ice cream machines to bars and breweries wanting to surprise their patrons. Metro reports that machines will sell for about 6,000.4. What’s the name of the machine which can change beer and spirits into ice cream?A. Will RogersB. WDS Dessert StationsC. HinkleyD. Below Zero5. What makes alcohol to freeze to a near solid inside the machine?A. gums.B. stabilizers.C. NEA gel.D. ABV.6. What can we know from the passage?A. The machine can change all liquids into ice cream.B. It takes 20 minutes for beer to change into ice cream.C. The higher the alcohol level, the shorter the wait will be.D. The machine changes the texture of beer, cocktails and even spirits.7. What can we infer from the passage?A. The machine affects the alcohol content.B. You can get drunk if you have ice—creams made from spirits.C. The American inventor doesn’t want to sell themagical machine.D. Bars and breweries will not become potential buyers of the machine.CThe shade of a single tree can provide welcome relief from the hot summer sun. But when that single tree is part of a small forest, it creates a considerable cooling effect. According to a study published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, trees play a big role in keeping our cities cool.According to the study, the right amount of tree cover can lower summer daytime temperatures by as much as 10 degrees Fahrenheit. And the effect is quite noticeable from neighborhood to neighborhood, even down to the scale of a single city block. “We knew that cities are warmer than the surrounding countryside, but we found that temperatures vary just as much within cities,” says Monica Turner, a professor in the department of Integrative Biology, Wisconsin-Madison University and a co-author of the study.With climate change making extreme heat events more common each summer, city planners are working on how to prepare. Heat waves drive up energy demands and costs and can have big human health impacts. One potentially powerful tool, the study's authors say, are organisms that have been around long before human civilizations could appreciate their leafy benefits. And those trees may be the secret to keeping the places we live livable.Essentially, says Turner, roads, sidewalks and buildings absorb heat from the sun during the day and slowly release that heat at night. Trees, on the other hand, not only shade those surfaces from the sun's rays, they also release water into the air through their leaves, a process that cools things down.To get the maximum benefit of this cooling service, the study found that tree cover must be more than 40 percent. In other words, an aerial picture of a single city block would need to be nearly half-way covered by a leafy green network of branches and leaves.8. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. Temperatures in cities mainly depend on their green coverage.B. People living and working in cities must plant trees in summer.C. Cities are warmer than the countryside because they don't have trees.D. An area with more trees can be cooler than the other parts within a city.9. Which of the following problems is caused by extreme heat events?A. Severe damage of city facilities.B. Serious human health problems.C. Residents' growing demands for plants.D. Unnecessary waste of energy resources.10. Why are trees crucial to cities?A. They help shade and cool the cities.B. They make urban scenery beautiful.C. They build up city cooling systems.D. They essentially block and release heat.11. What can city planners conclude from the study?A. They should publish the study in a newspaper.B. They should educate citizens to protect forests.C. They should plant trees on roads and sidewalks.D. They should cover nearly half the city with trees.DWatching what you eat can be easier said than done, but a recent study shows it might not just be about what's on your plate — it could be about how quickly it disappears.Japanese researchers followed 1,083 adultsfor five years, splitting them into three categories based on how quickly they ate: slow, normal, and fast. They also answered a questionnaire at the beginning of the study, sharing their diet, physical activity, and medical history. In the beginning, none of the volunteers had metabolic syndrome (新陈代谢综合征) - meaning at least three risk factors — which can lead to health problems like heart conditions and diabetes.When the participants reported back five years later 84 had been diagnosed (诊断) with metabolic syndrome — and their eating speed was a major predictor, according to the results in the journal Circulation. The fast eaters were 89 percent more likely to have metabolic syndrome than slow and normal eaters. Just 2.3 percent of slow eaters received the diagnosis, compared to 11.6 percent of fast eaters. But that's not all. Fast eaters also saw more weight gain, larger waistlines, and higher blood sugar levels than slow eaters.The researchers saygobblingmakes it easier not to take notice of fullness before your body has a chance to signal you to stop. “So when people eat fast they are more likely to overeat,” said Takayuki Yamaji, MD, study author and cardiologist at Hiroshima University in Japan in a statement.Previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating, too. One study of New Zealand women found fast eaters have higher body-mass indexes (指数), and a Chinese study found that both healthy and fat men ate less when told to chew 40 times instead of 15 times before swallowing. Initial research even suggests chewing yourfood longer could bum more calories - up to about 1,000 extra every month.12. What are the participants divided by?A. Medical history.B. Health condition.C. Physical activity.D. Eating speed.13. Which may be the result of the study?A. Fast eaters are 4 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome.B. Normal and slow eaters don’t have metabolic illness.C. 89% of fast eaters have higher blood pressure.D. Slow caters are healthier than fast eaters.14. What does the underlined word “gobbling” in Paragraph 4 best mean?A. Tasting slowly.B. Digesting quickly.C. Eating greedily.D. Cooking carefully.15. What does the last paragraph tell us?A. The importance of eating speed.B. The advantage of eating slowly.C. The result of a Chinese study.D. Fast eating and overeating.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年顺义牛栏山第一中学高三生物上学期期中考试试题及答案
2020年顺义牛栏山第一中学高三生物上学期期中考试试题及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 生物膜系统在细胞的生命活动中具有重要的作用，下列相关叙述正确的是（）A. 细胞中的化学反应都发生在细胞膜上B. 细胞内各种生物膜的组成成分和结构相似C. 细胞膜把细胞分隔成许多小区室D. 高尔基体膜和细胞膜都是单层膜，因此在结构上直接相联系2. 下列关于变异与进化的的叙述，合理的是（）A. 由六倍体普通小麦经花药离体培养培育出的个体就是三倍体B. 两个生物通过交配产生后代，说明这个生物不存在生殖隔离C. 某生物的染色体上的某一片段发生了重复导致基因表达水平升高，这属于有利变异D. 基因突变一定会引起基因携带的遗传信息发生改变，但不一定会改变生物的性状3. 种群是指一个生态系统中( )A.同种生物所有成熟个体的总和B.所有生物成熟个体的总和C.同种生物所有个体的总和D.所有生物个体的总和4. 下列关于神经和体液调节的叙述中，正确的是（）A.体液调节以激素调节为主，是生命活动的主要调节方式B.血浆内CO2浓度升高会刺激下丘脑呼吸中枢，使呼吸加快加深C.血浆中Na+浓度急性降低到一定程度，会使可兴奋细胞静息电位绝对值加大D.血浆渗透压升高，会使下丘脑渗透压感受器兴奋、抗利尿激素分泌增加5. 下列各组物质中，由相同种类元素组成的是（）A. 胆固醇、脂肪酸、脂肪酶B. 性激素、蛋白酶、胰岛素C. 氨基酸、核苷酸、丙酮酸D. 淀粉、脂肪、糖原6. 多组黄色小鼠(AvyAvy)与黑色小鼠(aa)杂交，F1中小鼠表现出不同的体色，是介于黄色和黑色之间的一些过渡类型。
经研究，不同体色小鼠的Avy基因中碱基序列相同，但其上二核苷酸胞嘧啶(CpG)有不同程度的甲基化现象。
甲基化程度越高，Avy基因的表达受到的抑制越明显。
有关推测错误的是（）A.不同体色F1小鼠基因型相同B.基因的甲基化使A vy基因发生突变C.A vy和a基因的遗传行为遵循孟德尔的分离定律D.基因的甲基化可能阻止RNA聚合酶与该基因的结合7. 温度过高会使唾液淀粉酶永久失活，主要原因是高温破坏了该酶的（）A. 肽键的数量B. 氨基酸的种类C. 氨基酸的数目D. 空间结构8. 下列关于内环境及其稳态的叙述，正确的是（）A.血糖浓度、体内温度、尿液浓度的相对稳定都属于内环境的稳态B.内环境的稳态是指人体内环境中的每种成分都处于动态平衡中C.内分泌腺没有导管，分泌的激素弥散到体液中，随血液流到全身D.稳态是机体通过消化、呼吸、循环、泌尿这四个系统的协调活动来维持的9. 现提供可配制斐林试剂的溶液：甲液（0.1g/mL的NaOH溶液）．乙液（0.05g/mL的CuSO4溶液）以及蒸馏水，如果充分利用上述试剂及必需的实验用具，可灵活地鉴别出下列哪些物质？（）①葡萄糖①蔗糖①胃蛋白酶（化学本质是蛋白质）①RNAA. ①①B. ①①C. 只有①D. ①①①①10. 某二倍体植物中，抗病和感病这对相对性状由一对等位基因控制，要确定这对性状的显隐性关系，应该选用的杂交组合是A 抗病株×感病株B. 抗病纯合体×感病纯合体C. 抗病株×抗病株，或感病株×感病株D. 抗病纯合体×抗病纯合体，或感病纯合体×感病纯合体11. 关于人体神经调节和体液调节的叙述正确的是（）A.体液调节也称为激素调节B.体液调节作用范围比较广泛，通常都会作用全身细胞C.二者共同协调、相辅相成，体液调节占主导地位D.体液调节受中枢神经系统的调节，也能影响神经系统12. 下列与组成细胞化合物有关的说法，正确的是（）A.生物体内的多糖均以（）n的形式存在B.冬小麦在冬季结合水比例升高，不容易结冰C.加热变性的蛋白质不能与双缩脲试剂反应呈紫色D.人体内固醇除了含有C、H、O外，还含有P甚至N13. 如图为附着在膜上的4种蛋白质，以下说法错误的是（）A.①是载体蛋白，能够参与物质运输B.①是糖蛋白，可以对某些细胞进行识别C.①是受体蛋白，在膜上起到信息传递功能D.①是酶，附着在膜上催化某些物质发生反应14. 细胞学说的建立过程是科学家探究、开拓、继承、修正和发展的过程，充满了耐人寻味的曲折。
2020年北京市顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析
2020年北京市顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn Sweden, McDonald’s is building “bee hotels” on the back of its roadside billboards (广告牌) to help save the country’s decreasing bee population. It launched the campaign together with outdoor advertising giant JCDecaux. Six large wooden bee hotels, with drilled holes on the front, first appeared on the back of a north-facing billboard in Jarfalla in September.“Without pollination (授粉) from bees, a thirdof the food we eat would be threatened.” McDonald’s said. But it turns out that at least 30 percent of the country’s wild bee population is endangered, according to the fast-food chain. A big problem is that they lack places to live. Based on data released by Chalmers University of Technology, we know Sweden owns 274 species of bees, of which 37 species are bumblebees, and more than a third are decreasing or face the risk of decreasing. Their natural habitats have been damaged by factors including the changes of agricultural activities and fast urbanization (城市化). Fortunately, most bees are able to survive in urban habitats, like the bee hotels.Every McDonald’s authorized restaurant in Sweden will be allowed to order their own bee hotel billboards and design the messages by themselves, as the fast-food chain says. It is their hope that the number of hotels could grow to a greater extent in the near future. Great efforts in addition to that have been made by the company. On World Bee Day, May 20, it introduced “the world’s smallest McDonald’s”. McHive, which could function as an actual beehive (蜂箱). Designed by set designer Nilsson himself, the creation was sold for $10,000 at a charity fundraiser held for Ronald McDonald House Charities.Beehives can be found on the rooftops of some McDonald’s restaurants in Sweden, too. This took place in certain areas but is now followed by an increasing number of participants. More McDonald’s restaurants are making an effort to improve the living conditions of wild bees by removing the grass round their restaurants to grow flowers and plants instead.1. According to the passage, the challenge that wild bees are facing is ________A. the fast process of industry.B. the world's Large amount of trash.C. the rapid development of urbanization.D. the sharp growth of population.2. How does McDonald's help wild bees in Sweden?A. By providing shelters for bees.B. By offering food to bees.C. By advertising rescue activities.D. By putting up more billboards.3. What is the best title for the text?A. Wild bees in dangerB. The loss of bees’ habitatsC McDonald’s bee hotelsD. The protection of wild beesBWhy do you check social media? Is it to keep up with everything that your friends and family are doing? Is it to find new trendy spots to eat?Regardless of the reason, you may find yourself with different degrees of envy or discomfort after a quick look at your phone. Then you might be suffering from a phenomenon known as “Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). ”While the phenomenon of FOMO can be traced back for centuries, it had never been the issue as it is today, causing widespread discussion and research. This rise in checking social media is naturally connected to the increasing leading position that social media holds over our lives. Every time someone opens their WeChat Moments, Facebook, Twitter... etc. , they are bombarded with the highlight reels of other peoples' lives. A sunny beach, delicious-looking food, a super cute kitten-they are all uplifting photos, yet they're very likely to bring about more unhappiness than joy. You see, the first thought to come out of your mind may be “Wow, that's so cool/delicious/cute”, but then it takes a hard U-turn. You're thinking: “I wish I were there” or “my life is so boring compared to his/hers.” The more you see, the more likely you are to have these negative feelings.What's worse is the habit many people have of turning to social media in search of happiness when they are feeling down, not realizing that they are just going to end up in a negative cycle of endless disappointment. Montesquieu once said: “If one only wished to be happy, this could be easily accomplished; but we wish to be happier than other people, and this is always difficult, for we believe others to be happier than they are.”FOMO will go hand in hand with dissatisfaction and envy. Appreciate what you already have, becausesomeone else out there in the world would gladly give everything to be you.4. What is the purpose of the questions in paragraph 1?A. To introduce the topic of the passage.B. To explain the function of FOMO.C. To describe the features of FOMO.D. To give the reasons for checking social media.5. How might people feel seeing other's perfect life through social media?A. Joyful.B. Admiring.C. Comfortable.D. Envious.6. What can we conclude from Montesquieu's words in paragraph 3?A. We could turn to social media for happiness.B. We couldn't realise our dream without hard work.C. We couldn't harvest happiness through comparison.D. We could live better than others by showing ourselves online.7. What is the author's attitude towards FOMO?A. Indifferent.B. Objective.C. Doubtful.D. Hopeful.CAmerican football was the fastest-growing sport for US young players last year, according to a survey sponsored by the sport's governing body.But it was the game's no tackle variety that showed the biggest increase－a finding that may reflect concerns about injury. In American football, a tackle (抢断球) refers to an attempt to stop an opponent by forcing them to the ground.The number of participants in football grew in 2015 while most other sport, except baseball, posted a decline, USA Football said on Monday, citing(引用) the findings of a survey of 30,000 children and teenagers.Participation in flag football (a no-tackle type of football) increased by 8.7 percent among children aged 6 to 14, while tackle football rose by 1.9 percent. For that age group, the only other sport that grew was baseball, with a 3. 3 percent increase.In the 15-to-18 age group, flag football rose by 10. 5 percent, while tackle grew by 2.5 percent.Basketball was the third, with a 1. 1 percent increase. Participation in all other sports declined.Tom Farrey, executive director of the Aspen Institute's Sports & Society Program, said he was surprised that flag football participation rose so much.“The trend suggests that parents aremarching to the beat of a different drummer, in pursuing flagas an alternative for their kids," he said.The findings come at a time of increasing concern about the risk associated with youth sports, particularly hockey (曲棍球) and football, where medical researchers have warned about the risk of concussions (damagesto the brain caused by violent blows to the head) and death linked to brain injury.USA Football, anIndianapolis,Indianabased nonprofit funded in part by the National Football League, believed that the increases resulted from better safety and health education."Football participation increases, even modest increases, may signal that programs such as our Heads Up Football program and practice guidelines are making a positive difference," said Scot Hallenbeck, USA Football chief executive, in a statement.Robert Cantu, aBostonUniversityneurosurgery professor and investigator at the school's chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) Center said the increase in fag football participation signaled that more parents were directing children to a safe alternative8. What can we learn about the two age groups?A. Flag football grew the fastest in the 6-to-18 group.B. Tackle football grew he fastest in the 6-to-14 group.C. Participation in baseball declined the most in both groupsD. Participation in tackle football increased the most in both groups.9. The underlined part probably means ________.A working at a different paceB. behaving in a different wayC. ignoring the major differencesD. trying to accept different opinions10. The popularity of flag football is inked with the fact thatA. its rules have been adapted for young playersB. it receives more funds than other varietiesC. tackle football is an old-fashioned gameD. experts worry about children's safety11. What is the cause of football growth according to USA Football?A. Their safety programs are successful.B. More children show interest in the game.C. Football is less likely to cause concussions.D. There are different types of football to choose from.DA team of researchers from several institutions in the UK and one in Estonia has created a type of buoy（浮标）that has proven to be effective at frightening seabirds, thus preventing them from getting caught in gillnets—a type of vertical fishing net that is made of a material that makes it nearly invisible underwater.Every year, hundreds of thousands of seabirds die when they get caught in gillnets. Some estimates suggest that up to a half-million birds are caught in them each year. Over the years, researchers have created devices（装置）to prevent the birds from trying to catch fish near or in gillnets, but those didn't work well.To find a way that would work for all seabirds, the researchers first studied seabirds in a general sense, looking to find things that they would avoid. They noted that seabirds avoided eye contact with other creatures. Then the researchers came up with a simple idea—they put a small pole to a regular buoy and then attached a pair of googly eyes（金鱼眼）to the top of it. They made the eyes big enough so that even birds with poor eyesight, such as geese, would see them. Adding to the effectiveness of the device, waves made the eyes move back and forth. And the wind made the buoy spin very slowly, making sure that birds from every direction would get a good look at the eyes.To test their idea, the researchers selected several sites near gillnets and counted how many birds approached and how many attempted to catch fish near the nets. They then set up their googly-eyed buoys and once again counted birds. Over the course of 62 days, they found the number of birds that tried to catch fish near the gillnets dropped by approximately 25% for a distance of up to 50 meters. They also found that the birds were less likely to fish near where the buoys had been for up to three weeks after they had been removed.12. What is the function of paragraph 2?A. Introducing a new topic to discuss.B. Providing background information.C. Summarizing the previous paragraph.D. Pointing out the main idea of the text.13. Why did the researchers make the googly eyes big?A. To ensure all the seabirds can see them.B. To clearly observe seabirds' eye contact.C. To allow them to survive the strong wind.D. To effectively identify the right direction.14. What does the researchers' test result mainly suggest?A. The new device still needs improvingB. Gillnets are a death valley for seabirds.C. Seabirds hardly catch fish near the nets.D. The googly-eyed buoy proves effective.15. What is the text mainly about?A. A group of researchers interested in seabirds.B. A way to help seabirds catch fish effectively.C. A device keeping seabirds safe from gillnets.D. A googly-eyed buoy guiding seabirds to hunt.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届北京市顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案
2020届北京市顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATheatre and film fans will be excited about what's on stage and on screen.THEATRE☆Take in a Broadway show at Mirvish Venues. The Grand Theatre hosts plays and musicals in London, Ontario. The building dates back to 1901 and starts a rare architectural feature.☆In the heart of Ontario's bread-basket, treat yourself to uniquely Canadian modern productions at the Blyth Festival in Goderich.☆Ontario becomes popular on the stage as theatre festivals. The Stratford Festival produces classic productions mainly on Shakespeare in Stratford. Works by Bernard Shaw, the founder of social realism in English literature enrich the stage at the Shaw Festival in Niagara-on-the-Lake.FILM☆Expand your mind with great modem, independent film during the Reel Asian FilmFestival or visit the TIFF Bell Lightbox for exhibitions related to film and theatre.☆Making productions that don't reach half an hour by new filmmakers, the Breakthroughs Film Festival provides some of the most video movies.☆Five amazing programs feature films from across the globe during the Durham Region International Film Festival.☆One of the top film festivals in the world, the 'Toronto International Film Festival features everything from mainstream Hollywood productions to international cinema.COMEDY☆For a laugh, head to a comedy club. Absolute Comedy, Second City and Yuks Yuks all specialize in finding your funny bone.☆The Toronto Alliance for the Peforming Arts will keep you up to date on what 's playing onToronto's stages; you can look through their “TOnight” for on-the-go performing arts tickets, reviews and searches on your mobile.1. Where should those preferring realistic dramas go?A. London.B. Stratford.C. Goderich.D. Niagara-on-the-Lake.2. What does the Breakthroughs Film Festival focus on?A. Short films.B. Films across the world.C. Modern films.D. Films by young directors.3. What might “TOnight” be?A. A comedy.B. An application.C. A guidebook.D. An organization.BWhen you walk with a backpack, do you know how the things inside move from side to side? Now scientists havefigured out how to tap into that movement to produce electricity.Picture a pendulum (摆锤) fixed to a backpack frame and stabilized with springs on either side. The pack’s weight is attached to the pendulum, so the pendulum swings side to side as you walk.Then a machine is driven by that swinging movement, and spits out electrical current to charge a battery.Volunteers carried the pack while walking on a running machine and wore masks to measure the flow of O2and CO2. Walking with the slightly swinging 20-pound load, the device (设备) did not significantly affect the volunteers’ metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate compared to when they carried the same weight fixed in place. In fact, the energy-harvesting pack reduced the forces of acceleration they’d feel in a regular pack, which might mean greater comfort for a long hike. And the device did produce a steady trickle (涓流) of electricity. If you up the load to 45 pounds, the swing of the pack could fully charge a smart phone only after 12 hours. The details are in the journal Royal Society Open Science.The device produces electricity from human movement and has been identified as a workable solution to providing a renewable energy source for portable electronic devices. It is particularly useful for those who work in remote areas, as these people often carry a lot of weight in a backpack for their exploration.But here’s a realconundrum: the energy-harvesting device currently weighs five pounds. The researchers say that’s about four pounds too many to be a smart alternative to batteries. So they hope that more research lets them lighten the load, to ensure the pack charges you up without weighing you down.4. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. How the device works.B. What the device looks like.C. Who the device is designed for.D. Why scientists designed the device.5. Which of the following describes the device?A. It greatly affected the volunteers metabolic rate.B. It harvested energy as the volunteers walk.C. It failed to produce steady electricity.D. It was useless for a long walk.6. What does the underlined word “conundrum” in the last paragraph mean?A. Problem.B. Method.C. Bond.D. Decision.7. What will the researchers try to do next?A. Increase the charging speed of their device.B. Find smarter alternatives to batteries.C. Reduce the weight of their device.D. Put their device on the market.CScientists have discovered a new behaviour among bumblebees that tricks plants into flowering early.When lack of pollen, bumblebees will bite little by little on the leaves of flower-less plants. The damage seems to fool the plant into flowering, sometimes up to 30 days earlier than normal.With their hairy appearance and special sounds, bumblebees are hard to miss in gardens all over the world. Their hairy bodies make them excellent pollinators for crops like tomatoes and blueberries. They are among the first bees to appear each year and work a long season.But despite their key role, bumblebees, like many other pollinators have seen their numbers decline suddenly in recent decades. One recent study pointed to climate change, reporting that an increasing number of hot days in Europe andNorth Americawas raising local bumblebees extinction rates.But researchers have now made a discovery about bumblebees that could have something to do with their long term survival. Scientists inSwitzerlandfound that when the bumblebees were out of pollen, they started to bite on the leaves of plants that hadn't yet flowered. They used their mouths to cut clearly-shaped holes in the leaves. But the creatures didn't eat the material or use it in their nests.The damaged plants responded by flowering earlier than normal--in some cases up to 30 days ahead ofschedule. Researchers also found that the bee damaged plants flowered 30 days earlier than undamaged plants and 25 days earlier than ones damaged by the scientists.“I think everything that we've found is consistent with the idea that the bumblebees are damaging the plants and that that's an adaptation that brings flowers earlier and that benefits the bees,” said Dr Mark Mescher, one of the authors from ETHZurich.8. How do bumblebees fool plants into flowering earlier?A. By making use of the hot weather.B. By putting the false flowers on the leaves.C. By attacking the leaves of flowerless plants.D. By taking away the pollen from the other flowers.9. What's bumblebees’ key role?A.Making plants flower early.B. Spreading pollen to flowers and plants.C. Sending information about weather change.D. Finding out whether the plant has flowers.10. What has happened to bumblebees in the past the years?A. They are becoming homesick.B. They are not as friendly as before.C. There is a sharp decrease in number.D. They have been busy year by year.11. What's Dr Mark Mescher's attitude towards the behaviour of bumblebees?A. Uncaring.B. Skeptical.C. Tolerant.D. Objective.DAt the foot of the Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang, a homestay (民宿) is attracting travelers from far and wide, which has won architectural (建筑学的) medal at the 2021 German iF Design Awards.The owners of the homestay are a couple in their late 30s who decided to return to their hometown three years ago. Li Xiumei used to be in charge of a division at a company in Hangzhou, and her husband was a sales director. It was an ordinary situation where Li’s husband was on business trips a lot and Li worked overtime on weekends. City life sometimes is not easy.In 2018, they quit jobs and went back to Dongtianmu village, which lies in a forest of bamboo. The first time they drove into the village was one late afternoon. The cooking smoke was rising from the foot of the mountain, which gave them a very different feeling form thecity.The homestay was built beside her husband’s old countryside house. The old house is preserved (保留), while a brand-new building was built on its side and the whole site is made up of for courtyards. It has been updated to have a hall, a tea room, a kitchen, a dining room. Japanese cherry trees are planted in the east courtyard. A swimming pool is placed in the west courtyard, with a bar located on one side.Li and her husband love gardening and music, and their new home gives them enough space to continue their interests and relax in the heart of nature. Li wants to share the quiet country life, so she makes her new home a homestay. In 2019, the homestay became an online hit after guests shared their experiences on social media. “The longer I stay here, the more I feel it was the right choice to come back, and this is more meaningful than making money,” Li says.12. How did Li feel about city life?A. Satisfied.B. Tired.C. Attractive.D. Noisy.13. What impressed the couple when first driving to the village?A. The smoke of cooking.B. The forest of bamboo.C. The smell of the village.D. The feeling of loneliness.14. What can we infer about the homestay from paragraph 4?A. It is ancient and broken.B. It can hold many guests.C. It has been rebuilt bythe couple.D. It must have been carefully designed.15. What’s more meaningful than earning money according to Li?A. Continuing their music dream.B. Staying at the old house.C. Living in the countryside.D. Developing the economy of cities.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届北京市顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三语文期中考试试卷及参考答案
2020届北京市顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三语文期中考试试卷及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成各题。
面对百年未有之大变局，我国发展的内部条件和外部环境正在发生深刻复杂的变化。
推动形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局将是我国经济高质量发展的主基调。
构建完整内需体系，正当其时。
不断释放内需潜力，经济大循环活力日益强劲。
加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，是我国经济转型升级、高质量发展的客观需要，也是提高人民生活质量和人民生活现代化水平的内在需要。
巨大内需潜力的不断释放将为我国发展提供持久动力。
我国拥有超大规模的内需市场优势，有14亿多人口、9亿多劳动力资源、近8亿就业者和4亿多人的中等收入群体，提升消费需求品质、扩大消费需求市场、提高消费能力的潜力都十分巨大。
解决好现阶段人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，既能够不断激发社会生产力发展的热情，也会不断地创造出新的市场需求和经济发展空间。
我国发展正处于工业化、城市化、现代化发展中期，投资需求空间巨大。
我国经济转型升级的空间巨大，科技创新、产业和产品创新及引领新供给、新需求发展的新业态、新模式的创新能力日渐增强，不断深入推进的供给侧结构性改革，以及对经济更高质量发展的创新要求，都将成为推动形成我国完整内需体系、将超大规模市场优势转化为推进经济发展量质双升的驱动力量。
构建完整内需体系，扩大消费需求是战略基点。
近年来，我国消费增长对经济增长的拉动作用明显上升，但最终消费占GDP的比重仍然偏低。
应该通过推进系统化的改革和政策安排，加速扭转这种不协调的发展局面，使消费特别是居民消费真正成为稳定和拉动经济增长的主要力量。
力争在5年时间里将最终消费比重提升到60%左右，居民最终消费比重提高到45%以上。
这将会对扩大消费市场、提高潜在经济增长率形成巨大推动。
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牛栏山一中2019-2020学年上学期高三期中考试
历史试卷
2019/11
一、选择题（20道，共40分）
1．制度设计关乎社会的发展与进步。柳宗元论及秦汉史事与制度时，用“有叛人而无叛吏”，
“有叛国而无叛郡”相评。其所肯定的制度是
A．分封制 B．宗法制 C．郡县制D．世官制
2．中华文明源远流长，薪火相传，生生不息。文明传承不仅从未中断，而且内涵丰富。下表
所列信息，按时序排列正确的是
①转轮排字盘；《感天动地窦娥冤》；王祯《农书》
②定窑孩儿枕；《萍洲可谈》；“气学”
③天水放马滩纸质地图；《说文解字》；“井渠”
④架火战车；谢环《杏园雅集图》；《天工开物》
A．②③①④ B．②④③① C．③②①④ D．④②①③
3．元朝的大一统超迈前代，其疆域“北踰阴山，西极流沙，东尽辽左，南越海表”。为实施
有效管理，在全国分设十个行省。行省的设立旨在
A．独立民政事务，调动地方政治自主性
B．加强中央集权，调整中央与地方关系
C．监察地方政治，加强中央对地方控制
D．防范宰相擅权，提高中央政府行政效率
4．清初两淮和两浙的盐商家庭总共不及1000家，而到乾隆末年，盐商家庭却已产生了280
余名进士，占全国进士总数的1．88%。这一现象反映了
A．商人谋求转变社会地位 B．盐商经济实力迅速提高
C．士贵商贱观念已被打破 D．商人得到政府优厚待遇
5．鸦片战争期间，一些民众向英军出售粮食、畜禽、淡水意图获利，另一些民众为他们充当
苦力，从事运输以求工值。甚至英军在行进开战时，成群的民众躲在远处观看这难得一
见的“西洋景”。这样的记载在英方文献中屡见不鲜。材料反映了
A．英方诋毁中国民
众B．中英贸易
没有因战争而中止
C．民众的反封建思想强烈D．民
众尚未形成民族国家意识
6．清同治七年(1868年)，清政府与英、美驻上海领事议订《洋泾浜设官会审章程》，在租界
设会审公廨(也称会审公堂)，会审公廨设正会审官1人，总管公廨事务，副会审官6人，
办理刑民案件，另设秘书处、华洋刑事科、华务民事科、洋务科，管卷室。陪审官则由
外国领事担任。这反映出列强在华享有
A．最惠国待遇B．司法豁免权C．领事裁判
权D．关税自主权
7．清末，有外国人描述洋务企业：“每部门都有一些衣服华丽而懒惰的士绅，各处偃息，或
专心钻研经书。我们向英籍经理询问，才知道他们是主管官吏们的朋友；虽然对于工作
一无所知……但是他们都领薪水，当监督、稽察和上司……机器没有人看护，坏了没有
人管”。上述现象说明
A．外国资本主义势力极力渗入洋务企业的管理
B．士子面临读经科考和参与洋务的两难选择
C．“中体西用”思想因士绅抵制而难以落实
D．官办经营体制导致洋务企业弊病丛生
8．美国人何天爵在《西方视野里的中国形象》中说：“1875年5月，一位尊贵的清朝官员与
一位美国姑娘喜结良缘。得知这一消息后，我与领事想顺便就中美联姻一事向总理衙门
的官员表示祝贺。……我的话说完之后，有一段时间是死一般的静寂。”最后还是恭亲王
先抬起了头，接着他长长地舒了一口气说：今天真是热得可怕。官员出现“死一般的静
寂”是因为
A．婚姻观念文明开
放B．担心美国
政府干预
C．传统观念受到冲
击D．中美文化
趋向融合
9．学者马勇在论述晚清后二十年历史时写道：“会议进行了两天，他们终于达成一致行动的
谅解，同意适度向中国增兵，计划在条件适度成熟时先夺取天津，然后以天津为基地大