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公共英语等级考试pets4级真题训练Part C
In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions51——55,choose the most suitable one from the list[A]——[G]to fit into each of the numbered gaps.There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.
On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville,Ind.,home of David Williams,52,and of a riverboat casino(a place where gambling games are played).During several years of gambling in that casino,Williams, a state auditor eaming$35,000a year,lost approximately$175,000.He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for$20worth of gambling.
He visited the casino,lost the$20and left.On his second visit he lost$800.The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a"Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities.For Williams,those activities become what he calls"electronic heroin."
(51)In1997he lost$21,000to one slot machine in two days.In March
1997he lost$72,186.He sometimes played two slot machines at a" time,all night,until the boat docked at5a.m.,then went back aboard when the casino opened at9a.m.Now he is suing the casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.
In March1998,a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions,and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gambling problem.The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers,and wrote to him a"cease admissions" letter.
Noting the"medical/psychological"nature of problem gambling behavior,the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or
well-being.
(52).
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has24signs warning: "'Enjoy the fun...and always bet with your head,not over it".Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.Nevertheless,Williams's suit charges that the casino,knowing he was"helplessly addicted to gambling", intentionally worked to"lure"him to"engage in conduct against his will. "Well.
(53).
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says"pathological gambling"involves persistent,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
(54).Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
(55).
Forty-four states have lotteries,29have casinos,and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on--you might say addicted to revenues from wagering.And since the first Internet gambling site was created in1995,competition for gamblers'dollars has become intense. The Oct.28issue of Newsweek reported that2million gamblers patronize 1,800virtual casinos every week.With$ 3.5billion being lost on
Internetwagers this year,gambling has passed pornography as the Web's most profitable business.
A.Although no such evidence was presented,the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings.And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
B.It is unclear what luring was required,given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?
C.By the time he had lost$5,000he said to himseff that if he could get back to even,he would quit.One night he won$5,500,but he did not quit.
D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever,but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin,or a social disease.Now it is a social policy:the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.
E.David Williams's suit should trouble this gambling nation,But don't bet on it.
F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems,often defining as addictions what earlier,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
G.The anonymous,lonely,undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior.But even if the government knew how to move against Intemet gambling,what would be its grounds for doing so?
Part C
参考译文
印第安纳,k11的埃文斯座落在俄亥俄河的北岸，它是52岁的大卫·威廉姆斯的家乡，也是一家河船赌场的所在地。就在这家赌场，威廉姆斯，一名年薪
35，000美元的州政府审计员，几年赌博下来，输掉了大约175，000美元。他以前从未进行过赌博，后来赌场送给他一张价值20美元的赌博优惠券，他便沾上了赌。
他第一次去赌场，输掉了那20美元后就离开了。第二次，他输掉了800美元。赌场把他看作优质顾客，发给他一张“开心卡”，在赌场使用时可赢得积分，换取食物和饮料。同时，该卡也可以使赌场跟踪持卡人的赌博活动。对威廉姆斯而言，这些赌博活动成为他所谓的“电子吗啡”。
(51)输到5，000美元时，他对自己说，如果能够把输掉的钱赢回来，就不赌了。一天晚上：他赢了5：500美元：但是并没盔就此停手。1997年，他两天之内就在一台老虎机上输掉了21，000美元。到了三月份，他又输掉了72，186美元。有时候他同时在两台老虎机上赌，通宵达旦.一直到早晨5点赌船靠岸，然后等到赌场上午9点开放时他又回到船上继续赌。现在，他正起诉该赌场，指控其明明知道他已经赌博上瘾，就应该阻止他继续光顾。赌场的确知道他已经赌博成瘾。
1998年3月，威廉姆斯的一个朋友将他强制送进了戒赌治疗中心接受治疗，并且写信告知那家赌场有关威康姆斯赌博上瘾的问题。赌场将威廉姆斯的照片放入被禁止去赌博人员的名单中，并给他写了一封“禁赌通知书”。通知书在指明赌博行为对人健康和心理造成危害的同时，还提到，如果他要再次光顾赌场，必须出示医疗或心理状况信息。以证明光顾赌场不会对他的安全和健康造成任何威胁。
(52)尽管他没有出示相关证明，赌场的市场部仍不断地给他发邮件，而且他又进入赌场并使用了开心卡也无人察觉。
据《华尔街日报》报道，那个赌场内有24个警告标志：“尽享欢乐…赌博时要用脑子，不要冲昏头脑”。每张入场券上都印有印第安纳州心理健康部门的免费咨询电话号码。然而，威廉姆斯的诉讼指控赌场，明明知道他“不可救药地沉溺于赌博”，仍然故意“引诱”他“做出违背自己意愿的行为”。
(53)不清楚到底是什么样的诱惑使他做出这种不能自控的行为，而且在何种意义上他的意志才会起作用?
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