语言学复习选择50题

语言学复习选择50题
语言学复习选择50题

语言学选择题

1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.

A、prescriptive

B、sociolinguistic

C、descriptive

D、psycholinguistic

2、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.

A、bound morpheme

B、bound form

C、inflectional morpheme

D、free morpheme

3、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."

A、is synonymous with

B、is inconsistent with

C、entails

D、presupposes先决条件

4、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.

A、semantics

B、pragmatics语用学

C、sociolinguistics

D、psycholinguistics

5、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.

A、Lingua franca

B、Creole

C、Pidgin 洋泾语

D、Standard language

6.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.( )

A.gradable opposites

B.relational opposites

C.co-hyponyms

D.synonyms

7.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.( )

A.unusual

B.something to be feared

C.abnormal

D.natural

8.A word with several meanings is called __word.( )

A.a polysemous多义的

B.a synonymous

C.an abnormal

D.a multiple

9.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.( )

https://www.360docs.net/doc/009935061.html,rmative

B.phatic社交语

C.directive

D.performative

10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.( )

A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult

B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult

C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult

D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult

11. The distinction between parole and langue was made by ___________.

A. Halliday .

B. Chomsky

C. Bloomfield

D. Saussure

12. The study of does NOT form the core of linguistics.

A syntax B. pragmatics C. morphology D. sociolinguistics

13.Which of the following statements is not the concern of psycholinguistics?

A. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when we use

language.

B. It focuses on the way of processing the information we receive in the course of communication.

C. It pays more attention to the study of language acquisition in children.

D. It relates the social norms that determine the type of language to be used 'in a certain occasion.

14. Which of the following items is not a design feature of human language?

A Competence.B. Arbitrariness. C. Displacement.D. Productivity

15. The differences between Modern Linguistics and Traditional Grammar are all of the following except .

A. descriptive vs prescriptive

B. spoken vs written

C. non-Latin-based framework vs Latin-based framework

D. competence vs. performance

16.The term___________linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach w hich studies Janguage change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.

A. synchronic

B. diachronic语言’历时的

C. comparative

D. historical comparative

17.Which word is the absolute arbitrary one?

A Careful. B. Crack. C. Handbag. D. Table.

18.The application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and

learning is called_____________.

A Sociolinguistics B. Psycholinguistics

C. Computational linguistics

D. Applied linguistics

19. Competence refers to _____________-.

A. knowledge of meaning of words and sentences

B. the actual realization of the language user's knowledge of the rules in utterances

C. the ideal language user's knowledge of the rules of his language

D. what speakers can actually do with language

20. The distinction between competence and performance is similar to the distinction

between________________.

A prescriptive and descriptiveB. synchronic and diachronic

C. speech and writing

D. langue and parole

21. Children can speak before they can read or write shows that .

A. language is basically vocal

B. language is arbitrary

https://www.360docs.net/doc/009935061.html,nguage is used for communicatlon

D. language is productive

22. ___________means the lack of a logical connection between the form of something and its expression in sounds.

A. Ambiguity

B. Abstractness抽象性

C. Arbitrariness

D. Fuzziness

23. All human languages are organized on two levels: the sound level —meaningless, the grammatical level—meaningful. This means language has the design feature of .

A. creative

B. changeable

C. arbitrary

D. duality双重[二元] 性

24. ________are two sub-branches of linguistics that study the units at the

grammatical level.

A. Morphology and semantics

B. Morphology形态学and syntax句法

C. Semantics and syntax

D.Morphology and phonology

25. ________are two sub-branches of linguistics that study meaning .

A. Morphology and semantics

B. Morphology and syntax

C. Semantics语意学and pragmatics语用学

D.Morphology and phonology

26. ________are two sub-branches of linguistics that study the units at the sound

level.

A. Morphology and semantics

B. Morphology and syntax

C. Semantics and syntax

D. Phonetics语音学and phonology音位学

27.Sometimes, two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the

community, with each having a definite role to play. This phenomenon is___________ .

A. bilingualism

B. diglossia高低双语现象

C. pidgin

D. creole

28. The dialect which is caused by social status is_______________.

A. regional dialect

B. sociolect

C. idiolect

D. diglossia

29.A speaker uses the Standard English dialect when interacting with strangers, and

uses a different dialect when interacting with individuals whom she recognizes as members of her own social group. This illustrates which of the following types of linguistic behavior?

A. Hypercorrection.

B. Negative transfer.

C. Code-switching.

D. Borrowing.

30.A: What do you think of Mr. Zhang?

B: A fine day, isn't it?

In the dialogue between A and B, B's answer flouts which of the four maxims of CP?

A The maxim of quantity. B. The maxim of quality.

C. The maxim of manner.

D. The maxim of relation.

31.A: Where is Paul?

B: Somewhere in our University.

In the dialogue between A and B, B's answer flouts which of the four maxims of CP?

A. The maxim of quantity.

B. The maxim of quality.

C. The maxim of manner.

D. The maxim of relation.

32. A: Shall we get something for the kids?

B: Y es. But I veto C-A-N-D-Y.

B's answer violates maxim of ________.

A quantity

B. quality

C. manner

D. relation

33.____________act expresses the intention of the speaker.

A. Locutionary

B. Illocutionary语内表现行为的

C. Perlocutionary

D. Speech

34. In a factory, Li, the guide, is interpretini for a group of foreign guests. When they

have finished visiting one workshop, he would like the group to follow him to the next workshop. He says, " _____________."

A. This way, please

B. Come here

C. Follow me

D. Move on

35. Liu had something to tell the manager, Mr. Smith, so he went to his place, entering

the room and said, "__________."

A. Y ou are not busy, I hope

B. Can I have a word with you, Mr. Smith

C. Got a minute

D. I'm terribly sorry to trouble you, Mr. . Smith

1-5 CDDBC 6-10 BDABB 11-15 DDDAD 16-20 BDDCD

21-25 ACDBC 26-30 D B B C D 31. ACBAB

1. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.

A. parole

B. Performance

C. langue

D. Language

2. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called _______,

A. displacement

B. duality

C. flexibility

D. cultural transmission

3. The function of the sentence “What a beautiful day!” is ____________.

A. performative

B. emotive

C. informative

D. phatic社交语言

4. __________ is regarded as the “ father of modern linguistics”.

A. Chomsky

B. Saussure

C. Halliday

D. Whorf

5. Of all the speech organs, the ____ is/are the most flexible.

A. mouth

B. lips

C. tongue

D. vocal cords

6. ____________ is the study of all the sounds that occur in the world’s language.

A. Morphology

B. Phonetics

C. Phonology

D. Syntax

7. Which of the following is a typical tone language?

A. English

B. Chinese

C. French

D. All of the above

8. _________ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.

A. Syntax

B. Grammar

C. Morphology

D. Morpheme

9. A ________ word is a combination of two or more words which functions as a single word.

A. compound

B. blend

C. shortened

D. clipped

10. ________mainly deals with how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.

A. Pragmatics

B. Syntax

C. Semantics

D. Phonetics

11. __________ proposed the theory of Systemic-functional Grammar.

A. Chomsky

B. Halliday

C. Saussure

D. Bloomfield

12. The relationship between “fruit” and “apple” is ______.

A. homonymy

B. hyponymy

C. polysemy

D. synonymy

13. ________ refers to the semantic phenomenon that a word may have than one meaning.

A. Hyponymy

B. Homonymy

C. Synonymy

D. Polysemy

14. When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, _______ might arise.

A. impoliteness

B. contradictions

C. mutual understanding

D. conversational implicatures

15. The word “holiday” undergoes the semantic change of ______ with its meaning changed from “ sacred days” to “all holidays”.

A. generalization

B. specialization

C. elevation

D. degradation 1~5CA DBC 6~10 BBCAB 11~15 BBDDA

语言学概论试题及答案

一、填空题:(每空1 分,本大题共10 分) 1. ()语言学是在19世纪逐步发展和完善的,它是语言学 走上独立发展道路的标志。 2. 人的大脑分左右两半球,大脑的左半球控制( 掌管不需要语言的感性直观思维。 3. 进入20世纪以后,语言研究的主流由历史比较语言学转为 ()。 4. 俄语属于印欧语系的( 5. 一个音位包含的不同音素或者具体表现出来的音素叫做 ()。 6. 语言中最单纯、最常用、最原始和最能产的词是( 7. 现代大多数国家的拼音文字的字母,大多直接来源于()字 母。 8. 言外之意之所以能够被理解是因为()起了补充说明的 作用。 9. 方言在社会完全分化的情况下,有可能发展成(? )?; 在社会高度统一的情况下,会逐渐被共同语消磨直到同化。 10. 南京方言的“兰”、“南”不分,从音位变体的角度来说,[n ]和[l]是 属于()变体。 二、单项选择题: 码填在题干上的括号内。(每小题1 分,本大题共15 分)

1. 在二十世纪,对哲学、人类学、心理学、社会学等学科产生重大影响 的语言学流派是() A.历史比较语言学 B.心理语言学 C.结构主义语言学 D.社会语言学 2. “人有人言,兽有兽语”中的“言”属于() A.语言 B.言语 C.言语行为 D.言语作品 3. “我爱家乡”中“爱”和“家乡”() A.是聚合关系。 B.是组合关系。 C.既是聚合关系又是组合关系。 D. 4. 一种语言中数量最少的是 A.音素 B.音位 C.语素 D.音节 5. 英语的man—→men采用的语法手段是 A. 屈折变化 B.变换重音的位置 C. 变化中缀 D.异根 6. 在汉语普通话中没有意义区别功能的声学特征是() A.音高 B.音强 C.音长 D.音质 7. [ε]的发音特征是 A.舌面前高不圆唇 B.舌面后高不圆唇 C.舌面前半高不圆唇 D.舌面前半低不圆唇 8. 构成“语言、身体”这两个词的语素的类型() A.都是成词语素 B.都是不成词语素 C.“语”和“言”是成词语素,“身”和“体”是不成词语素 D.“语”和“言”是不成词语素,“身”和“体” 9. 广义地说,汉语动词词尾“着”、“了”、“过”属于语法范畴中的 ()

《语言学纲要》指导书习题答案(4-6章)

第四章语法 一、举例解释下列名词(20分,每词4分) 1、内部屈折:指的是依靠词根中元音或辅音的变化来表达不同的语法意义的手段。如,英语foot(脚,单数)-feet(脚,复数),goose(鹅,单数)-geese(鹅,复数),build(建设,现在时)-built(建设,过去时)等。 2、后缀:词缀的一种,粘附在词根语素的后面构成新词。如,汉语的“者”放在动词形容词(或语素)后面表示跟这个动作形状有关的人——长者、作者、编者、工作者、劳动者,等等;又如英语的-er/-or接在表动作的词(或语素)后面表示跟该动作有关的人——worker(工作者),teacher(教师),publisher (出版者),translasor(译者)等等。 3、词尾:是变词语素,它附着在词干后面,表示某种语法意义,例如英语动词doing,其中的ing就是词尾,表示动作行为的方式。 4、复合词:是由两个以上的词根语素构成的词,例如汉语“白菜”“电脑”“支持”,英语“themselves”,“waterfall”,都是复合词。 5、语法范畴:是指通过词形变化表现出来的语法意义的归类,例如“he”的语法意义是主格,“him”的语法意义是宾格,它们都属于格的语法范畴。 二、填空题(20分,每空1分) 1、语法是大家说话的时候必须遵守的习惯,不是语言学家规定的。 2、语法的组合规则和聚合规则构成一种语言的语法规则。 3、从形式上看,句子的最大特点是具有完整的语调。 4、句子里根据表达的需要临时作出组合的词组叫自由词组。 5、从意义和作用看,词可以分为实词和虚词两大类。 6、语法研究通常以词为界,词以上的规则叫句法,词以下的规则叫词法。 7、我们可以根据语素在词中的不同作用把它分成三类,例如happinesses中,es是词尾,ness是词缀,happy是词根。 8、根据语素在词中的不同作用,一般把词根和词缀叫作构词语素,把词尾叫作变词语素。 9、词的组合有五种基本类型,例如“研究问题”是述宾结构,“跑得很快”是述补结构,“火速准备”是偏正结构,“我们努力”是主谓结构。 10、孤立语的主要特点是缺乏词形变化;屈折语的主要特点是有丰富的词形变化。 三、单项选择(20分,每空2分) 1、下列各组词中全都属于复合词的一组是D 。 A.大学、人民、(英)reader B.劳动、阿姨、(英)railway C.瓶子、老虎、(英)unhappy D.道路、材料、(英)classroom 2、下列句子符合英语语法规则的是D 。 A.He am a studentes.B.She is a students. C.I were a student.D.You are a student. 3、英语名词后面加上词尾s或es,这种变化属于语法范畴中的B 变化。

(完整版)语言学练习题及答案

练习1 1. There is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. A dog might be a pig if only the first person or group of persons had used it for a pig. This is one of the design features of language.A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 2. Language is a system of two sets of structures, one of sounds and the other of meaning. This is . It makes people possible to talk everything within his knowledge. A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 3. ___ refers to the ability to construct and understand an indefinitely large number of sentences in one’s native language, including those that he has never heard before, but that are appropriate to the speaking situation .A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 4. __ __ refers to the fact that one can talk about things that are not present, as easily as he does things present. The dog couldn’t be bow-wowing sorrowfully for some lost love or a bone to be lost. A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 5. ______ means language is not biologically transmitted from generation to generation, but the linguistic system must be learnt anew by each speaker. A. duality B. Arbitrariness C. interchangeability D. cultural transmission 6. ______ means that any human being can be both a producer and a receiver of messages. A. duality B. Arbitrariness C. interchangeability D. cultural transmission 7. To say “How are you.” “Hi” to your friends is the ____ __of language. A. directive function B. informative function C. phatic function D. interrogative function 8. “Tell me the result when you finish.” If you want to get your hearer to do something, y ou should use the _____ of language. A. directive function B. informative function C. phatic function D. interrogative function 9. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __ ___. A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natural D. abnormal 10. A linguist is interested in ___A. speech sounds only B. all sounds C. vowels only 11. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? A. [t] B. [m] C. [b] D. [p 12. Which of the following sounds is a voiced affricate? A. [y] B. [t∫] C. [z] D. [dЗ] 13. Which of the following sounds is a central vowel? A. [ ? ] B. [ i ] C. [ou] D. [a: ] 14. In the following sounds , ______ is a palatal fricative ? A. [ s ] B. [∫] C. [ l ] D. [θ] 15. In the following sounds, _____ is a voiceless affricative? A. [dЗ] B. [v] C. [t∫] D. [θ] 16. In English if a word begins with a [ l ] or [ r ],then the next sound must be a __ __. A. fricative B. nasal sound C. semi-vowel D. vowel 17. Of the “words” listed below___ is not an English word A. [r∧b ] B. [ l? b ] C. [m?sta:∫] D. [lm?p] 18. ___ are produced when the obstruction created by the speech organs is total and audibly released. A. Back vowels B. Stops C. Fricatives D. Glides 19. The International Phonetic Association devised the INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET in _____. A. 1965 B. 1957 C. 1888 D. 1788 20. ___ is a phonological unit , and it is a unit that is of distinctive value. A. Phone B. Phoneme C. Allophone D. Sound 1. [ f ] is a dental consonant. F 2. Phonology studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. F 7. The three / p / are allophones. T 3. Phoneme is a phonological unit. T 4. Phone is a phonetic unit. T

《语言学概论》模拟试题含答案

试卷代号:1093 语言学概论(本) 模拟试题 一、举例解释下列名词(每词5分,共10分) 1. 音位变体 2.借词 二、单项选择(每小题2分。共10分) 3.下列说法只有( )是正确的。 A.语言是人类最重要的交际工具,文字也是人类最重要的交际工具 B.不同的阶级使用语言具有不同的特点,说明语言具有阶级性 C.人类多种多样的语言说明语言具有任意性特点 D.语言是一种纯自然的现象 4. 下列说法只有( )是正确的。 A.语法的组合规则是潜在的 B.语法的聚合规则是潜在的 C.语法的组合规则存在于书面语言中 D.语法的聚合规则存在于口头语言中 5.单纯词就是由一个( )构成的词。 A.词根 B.词干 C.词缀 D.词尾6.下列各种说法只有( )是正确的。 A.词义的模糊性说明词义是不可捉摸的 B.多义词使用不当会产生歧义,如“门没有锁” C.“glass”的本义是玻璃,派生义指玻璃杯,这是隐喻 D.同义词在修辞上具有对比作用,可以利用来突出对立面 7.下列说法只有( )是错误的。 A.语法的规则可以类推,但也有例外,如“wife”的复数不是“wifes” B.}昆合语又叫克里奥尔语,它可以被孩子们作为母语来学习 C.混合语只限于某社会集团使用,缺乏广泛性 D.“墨水”原指黑墨水,现指各种颜色的墨水,这种变化是词义的扩大

三、综合分析题(共40分) 8.描写下列音素的发音特点。(8分) ① [u]: ② Ea]: ③ [m]: ④ [x]: 9.分析下面词语中各个构词语素的类别,是词根、词缀还是词尾。(12分) ① going ②老乡 ⑧绿化 10.指出下列词组的结构类型。(10分) ①学生和老师 ②空气新鲜 ③热烈欢呼 ④摆放整齐 ⑤阅读报纸 11.指出下列句子中画线词语的词尾所表示的语法意义和语法范畴。(10分) He buys many books. 四、问答题(每小题10分,共40分) 12.为什么说语言是一种特殊的社会现象? 13.语言符号是一种分层装置,这种分层的核。g,是ffA?其上层由哪些要素构成? 各要素在数量上有何特点? 14.举例说明基本词汇的特点,并简要说明这些特点之间的相互影响。 15.什么是双语现象?双语现象随着社会的发展会出现怎样的结果?

语言学纲要简答题及答案精编版

语言学纲要简答题及答 案精编版 MQS system office room 【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】

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